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Health Tourism:
Content, Trends and Strategies Assoc.Prof. Yıldırım Yılmaz Akdeniz University
Health Tourism and Thalassotherapy Education, Research and Application Center
7th Meeting of the OIC/COMCEC Private Sector Tourism Forum, 5 September 2019, İstanbul "Prospects for the Development of Health Tourism in the OIC Member States"
• Health travel movement changed..
Developing countries
Developed countries
Developed countries Developing countries
Largely driven by the: • Low-cost treatments • Increase in quality • Cheap flights and • Internet sources of information
from
to
Health Tourism
• For thousands of years
• A form of tourism to get medical treatment
• Comprises of services associated with tourism like transport, accommodation , and hospitality
• Health, wellness and medical tourism have grown exponentially in recent years.
• Yet, the health tourism segment is still not well defined.
• Health tourism contribute to physical, mental and/or spiritual health through medical and wellness-based activities
• Health tourism is the umbrella term for the subtypes: wellness tourism and medical tourism.
• Wellness tourism aims to improve and balance all of the main domains of human life
• To engage in preventive, proactive, lifestyle enhancing activities such as fitness, healthy eating, relaxation, and healing treatments
• Medical tourism involves the use of evidence-based medical healing resources and services (both invasive and non-invasive).
• This may include diagnosis, treatment, cure, prevention and rehabilitation.
Medical Tourism Products
• Treatments may span the full range of medical services, but most commonly includes;
▫ dental care,
▫ cosmetic surgery,
▫ elective surgery, and
▫ fertility treatment.
Health tourism grows due to..
• Improved availability of health technology
• Reduced waiting time
• Decreasing costs
• Advertising by companies
• Current data on the outcomes of medical travel are insufficient and rarely generated using rigorous methods
Source: Bulletin of the World Health Organization,2015
Receiving
country
Estimated no. of
annual medical
travellers Year and reference
Australia 13 000 201029
Brazil 49 000–180 000 200517 and 200930
Costa Rica 25 000–150 000 2006,31 200732 and 200833
Cuba 3500 200326
Cuba 200 000 200732
Egypt 68 000–108 000 2003,34 2004,28 200528 and 200635
Germany 50 000–70 000 200828 and 200929
Hungary 1 500 000–1 800 000 200728 and 200927
Hungary 300 000 200830
India 1 000 000–1 180 000 200436 and 200537
India 100 000–150 000 200524,29,38–40
India 300 000–731 000 2006,41 2007,1 20085 and 201039
Israel 35 000 200932
Jordan 120 000–250 000 2002,34 200428 and 200930
Malaysia 300 000–489 000 2006,41 2007,24,29,42 20085 and 201039
Philippines 100 000–250 000 2006,24,41 20092 and 201043
Republic of
Korea 60 000 20092,29
Singapore 270 000–450 000 2004,31 2005,24,40 20061,29 and 20085
Singapore 571 000–725 000 2007,42 20082 and 201039
South Africa 330 000 201044
Thailand 450 000–700 000 2004,45 200641 and 200725
Thailand 1 000 000–1 580 000
2004,36,38 2006,46 2007,1 20085,29and
201039
Tunisia 10 000–42 000 2002,34 200338 and 200728
Turkey 15 000 200728
United Kingdom 52 000 201047
United States of
America 250 000–400 000 200616 and 20071,5
Health Tourism in EU (2014)
• 0.3 percent of the EU economy.
• €46.9 billion in revenue
• 4.6 percent of overall tourism revenues
• 56 million domestic arrivals
• 5.1 million international arrivals
Health Tourism in EU.. cont
• Germany, France, and Sweden are the main players in the health tourism industry in the EU
• Wellness tourism makes up 66-75 percent of EU health tourism
• More than 75 percent of EU health tourism revenues come from five countries: Sweden, France, Poland, Italy, and Germany
• Market reports indicate stability and an increase in health tourism
• Most medical health tourism clinics also serve local patients and use medical tourism as an additional revenue stream
• Health tourism may have several benefits to the labor market and the environment
Health Tourism in OECD
• Bilateral exchanges between OECD members (e.g. United States to Mexico; United States to Korea; northern Europe to central and eastern Europe).
• Flows of patients from OECD countries to Lower and Middle Income Countries (LMIC), in particular India, Thailand, and Malaysia
• Turkey, Latvia, Lithuania have set health tourism as key priorities in tourism development
Health Tourism Strategies of Some
Countries • India; a special visa–M visa – to cater medical
tourists as well as allowing tax breaks to providers.
• Singapore; SingaporeMedicine as a multi-agency government-industry partnership aiming to promote Singapore as a medical hub
• Malaysia; tax incentives for buildings, equipment, training, advertising and IT, and providers encouraged to pursue accreditation with an emphasis on quality
• Dubai, alongside those of India, Thailand, and Malaysia is considered as the first wave of Asian medical tourism
• Hungary sought to harness the opportunities presented by EU accession and develop a medical tourism industry.
• Japanese and Korean; governments to place medical tourism at the heart of plans for future economic growth
• Poland; facilitates medical tourism through private companies serving Polish citizens alongside medical tourism
Taiwan; Two phases of official strategies were
established.
• Phase A: promoting the quality and quantity of
medical tourism ;
• Phase B: Establishing international health care industry park
Beyond national strategies, national policy can
directly foster the domestic medical tourism industry
• South Korea allowed hospitals to fully market health services to foreign patients
• UAE and Turkey support trade fairs
• Singapore and Dubai encourage the acquisition of international accreditation by their hospitals
The medical tourism industry is dynamic
and volatile
• Economic climate
• Domestic policy changes
• Political instability
• Travel restrictions
• Advertising practices
• Geo-political shifts
• Innovative and pioneering forms of treatment
External Quality Assessment and
Accreditation • Quality maximisation and risk
minimisation are keys for creating better and safer health care services
• Standards are at the heart of accreditation ▫ Joint Commission International (JCI) (US) ▫ Quality Healthcare Advice Trent Accreditation
(UK) ▫ Australian Council for Healthcare Standards ▫ Canadian Council on Health Services and the
Society
• However, there is no universal official agency/group, such as the United Nations, the World Health Organization, the World Tourism Organization, engage accreditation
Websites
• Technological platforms to access healthcare information, advertising and to connect consumers with healthcare providers and brokers
▫ Discussion forums,
▫ File sharing,
▫ Posting information and sharing experience,
▫ Member only pages,
▫ Advertisements and online tours
Brokers
• Brokers and their web-sites tailor surgical packages to individual requirements: ▫ Flights, ▫ Treatment, ▫ Hotel, and ▫ Recuperation
• Brokers may specialise in particular target markets or procedures (e.g. dentistry, or cosmetic surgery), or destinations (e.g. Poland, Hungary)
Insurance
• Insurance products developed:
▫ to cover contingencies when travelling for surgery
▫ to cover the costs of further treatments following surgery abroad
Providers • Providers are primarily from the private sector but are
also drawn from some public sectors (e.g. Singapore and
within Cuba)
• Small clinical providers may include solo practices or
dual partnerships, offering a full range of treatments.
• Extremely large medical tourism facilities clinical
specialism is the order of the day
• Securing accreditation from international programmes
• Partnerships and oversight by overseas hospitals and
universities
Health tourism and Halal tourism
• Malaysia; halal certification requirements includes medicines, pharmaticals, cosmetics and confectioneries.
• Promote medical tourism to the prospective Muslim medical tourists
Barriers to Health Tourism • Information systems
• Marketing
• Policy and Legislative
• Infrastructural
• Product development
• Quality of service
• Administration's attitude
• Manpower
• Socio-cultural
• Economic
• Networks
How to Develop Health Tourism in OIC
• Stakeholder-driven collaborative approach
▫ Residents,
▫ Governmental agencies,
▫ Suppliers,
▫ Providers of healthcare services,
▫ Business owners,
▫ Healthcare tourists, and
▫ Developers of health care facilities.
How to Develop Health Tourism in OIC
• Sharing technical resources and expertise
• Increasing awareness of Health Tourism
• Developing a marketing strategy through joint programs
• Facilitating visa procedures
• Advertising among member states
• Creating “Health Tourism Committee”
Thank you..