HEALTH HAZARDS.pdf

8/14/2019 HEALTH HAZARDS.pdf

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CBRNECHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL,

RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR AND

EXPLOSIVE


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Health Effects of Air Contaminantsfor Second Responders


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Health Evaluations of 9/11 Responders

Over 50% of Responders Experience Pulmonary,ENT and/or Mental Health Symptoms One YearFollowing NY Terrorist Attacks

Preliminary Findings of Medical Health ScreeningProgram for WTC-Site Responders

Source: Mt. Sinai Medical Center Press Office

(Jan. 27, 2003)


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Immediate Action: RespiratoryProtection for Second Responders

Identify any IDLHair contaminants

Identify proper typeof respirator needed

Provide and require

the use of respirators


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Immediate Action: Air Monitoring

Occupational Health

Environmental (Public)

Health

EPA, OSHA, NIOSH,

ATSDR, USGS, local health

departments, public interest

groups, insurance companies


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Air Contaminant Hazards at a DisasterScene

The possible list of air contaminants at a disastersite involving the destruction of a major

infrastructure is nearly endless

Administrators should be prepared to treat the

exposure of second responders and the general

public to air contaminant hazards as a majorconcern


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Recordkeeping of Exposures to Toxic

Substances

Personal exposure data

General environmental sampling

Medical surveillance results

Medical removal


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Mold Exposures

Mold may be present at aWMD site if organicmaterials (upholstery, treatedfiberglass, paper) have

ecome we .

Air monitoring for moldidentification is not likely

Particulate respirators usedin response to visible mold isappropriate


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Sewer Gases Rupture of

underground discharge

lines

Hydrogen sulfide is

rinci al concern

Dangerous because oftoxicity and olfactory

fatigue

May discharge throughrupture or build up in

confined spaces


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Air Contaminant Focus: Silica,Asbestos, Lead

The destruction of conventional infrastructure willcause substantial exposures to these three air

contaminants

Preparing second responders to work safely

around these materials under emergency

conditions is the overall goal of this lesson


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Silica: Key Concepts

1. Toxicity is well documented

2. Wides read worker overex osure durin

demolition of concrete structures

3. Exposures can be controlled


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WTC Dust Cloud


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Examples of Overexposure


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Examples of Overexposures


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Silica and Mortality

250 Worker deaths per year

(Compare to 175 deaths/yr from trenching

accidents)

Tuberculosis

Heart Disease

Causation of Lung Cancer is under investigation

Suspect Hum. Carcinogen A2 (ACGIH)


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Health Effects

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Second Responders Must Know:

Silicosis is not a Curable Disease

Prevention through Safe Work Practice

is critical


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Engineering Controls for Silica

1. Wet Methods

2. Ventilated Tools


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1. Wet Methods

Water suppression of dust

Requires Pre-planning so that a supply

of water is available for use


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Block Cutting--Dry


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Wet Methods: Block Cutting


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Wet Methods: Requires Pre-planning


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Wet Methods: Joint Cutting


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Wet Methods: Jack hammer, chippinghammer, etc.


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2. Silica Dust Control by Ventilation

Portable tools with dust exhaust: Surface Grinders

Disc Grinders tuck ointin

Crack chaser

Power chipping tools

Retrofit Dust hoods


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Tuckpointing


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Control by Ventilation: Tuckpointing


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Control byVentilation:

Slab Cutting


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Control by Ventilation: Hand tools


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Lead in Demolition

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Lead and Burned Debris

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Exposures of Second Responders toLead

Critical factor is lead exposure during

Trigger Tasks

Respiratory Protection should be used

initially, based on the Trigger Task

Category


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EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTConstruction Trigger Tasks

Level 1 (10 x the PEL)

Manual demolition of structures, hand scraping,

,

collection

Respiratory Protection

Half-mask, either cartridge or filtering face-piece

Fit test using qualitative method


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Level 2 (10X - 50X PEL):

Power tool cleaning without dust collection, ,

dry expendable abrasives are used, leadcontaining mortar, rivet busting


- Half-mask with cartridge

- Fit test using quantitative method


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Level 3 (>50 x the PEL):

abrasive blasting, welding, torch cutting

Respiratory Protection- Supplied air respirator, with tight fittingfacepiece

- Fit test using either qualitative or quantitative

method- Fit test must be done in the negative pressure

mode


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General Respiratory Requirements forLead

A respirator must be provided if a lead exposed

employee requests it, regardless of the level of

exposure. A PAPR must be provided whenever an

employee requests one and it is protective

against the level of exposure.


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Lead in the Body

Body Burden of lead

- the amount of lead

stored in the body.

Lead is a cumulativepoison.


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Effects of Lead on the Blood-FormingSystem

Lead impairs the formation

hemoglobin molecules in red

blood cells which carry

oxygen totissues of the body.

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into your body(NADC)-

1.MPG


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Effects of Lead on the Kidneys

Interferes with filtering

function of kidneys

(kidney disease)


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Other Health Effects of Lead Exposure

Hypertension - long-term, high exposures

Gastrointestinal pain (called lead colic)

Reproductive system

Males decreased sex drive, impotence, and

sterility

Females difficulty becoming pregnant;

miscarriages


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Health Effects of LeadAcute vs. Chronic

Acute (short-term) effect is a severe immediate

reaction, usually after a single large exposure.

Example: Blood lead elevation

Chronic (long-term) effects have latencyperiods, which may take days, months, or years

to show up.

Example: Kidney disease


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ASBESTOSASBESTOSOVERVIEW FOROVERVIEW FOR

RESPONDERSRESPONDERS


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Background Information

Categories of asbestos-containing building

materials

Surfacing Materials

Thermal System Insulation

Miscellaneous

Friable: Crumbled, pulverized, or reduced toa powder, when dry, by hand pressure


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Thermal System Insulation (TSI)


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Miscellaneous: Transite


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Miscellaneous: Vinyl Asbestos FloorTile, Roofing Materials


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Health Effects of Exposure to Asbestos

Asbestos exposure can cause:

Mesothelioma

Lung Cancer

Other Illnesses/Cancers


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Control Methods

General Engineering controls

Vacuum cleaners with HEPA filters for cleanup

Wetting agents during handling unless

infeasible due to creation of other hazards

Prompt cleanup of debris in leak-tightcontainers

Local exhaust ventilation with HEPA filtration

Isolation of processes producing asbestos dust(where feasible) in a regulated ventilated area

Prohibited Methods


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Prohibited Methods

High-speed abrasive saws that lack HEPA filtered

exhaust Compressed air to remove asbestos

, .

Employee rotation as a means of reducingemployee exposure

Protective Clothing


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Protective Clothing

Coveralls, head coverings, gloves, and foot coverings

are required for : Any employee potentially exposed above the PELs

of > 25 linear or 10 square feet of TSI (thermalsystem insulation) or surfacing Asbestos.

Laundry must be informed of contaminated clothing so

as to prevent exposures > PELs

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Hygiene Facilities and Practices

Decontamination area must be established adjacent and

connected to the regulated area

Equipment room

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Shower area ( adjacent to the equipment room and the

clean room, where feasible)

Clean change room

Lunch areas must be provided in which the airborne

asbestos concentration is below the PELs

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HEALTH HAZARDS.pdf