Hartal is not simply incontinence and a naissance.doc

8/10/2019 Hartal is not simply incontinence and a naissance.doc

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Hartal is not simply incontinence and a naissance, it is tantamount to call foran economic boycott of our own goods and services by our own politiciansduring the period of hartals are in eect. The impact of hartal on theeconomy was very or somewhat negative. The most harmful impacts on the

economy were losses to the business sector and harm to the nationaleconomy. Disruption of transportation and eports and imports were alsosigni!cance among the adverse eect.

Objectives of the stud

"very research study there have must some ob#ectives by which the studycould be search its absolute pathways. $o, there are some speci!c ob#ectivesin our study%

$ocio&economic condition of the respondents

'ature of occupation

To (now the impact of Hartal on respondent)s occupation

To (now the impact on societies development

!cope of the !tud

This report covered the overall economic condition of *angladesh that is

hampered due to continues hartal. +ith the help of internet news,

newspapers and so on we have discussed about the amount of losses of

money per day of hartal, the business losses, eport import barriers,

detriments of - sectors, human life, and rises of price of products and soon.


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"ethodo#og of the !tud

Here we have mainly used secondary information to form out our report on

The /mpact of Hortal in "conomy of *angladesh.

$econdary information was collected from%

'ews from internet

'ewspapers

Television 'ews

Through conversation with our parents and seniors

$i%itation of the !tud

The report was not free from limitations. / have faced some problems duringour study of ma(ing report on hortal)s impact in our economy. The main

limitations that we have faced are dierence in statement of reportpublished in dierent newspaper, some problems in data collection, andproblems in sort out the huge information in a single form. +e have not!gured out the latest information. 0nd as every day we are facing stri(es andbloc(ades that is why information is getting changed day by day. That is whysome data we used as their approimate !gure.


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Chapter-&

Overview

Of

artal in Bangladesh

'ntroduction


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B? 'ovemberto :

December

1B1 hours *'> To ma(e current>rime -inister toresign from powerand called for care

ta(er government

Eehicles andplats damaged

as well ashuman lives

2&1;&;?1B to1;&1;&;?1B

1 To ma(e current>rime -inister toresign from powerand called for careta(er government

Eehicles andplats damaged

as well ashuman lives

;1&1;&;?1Bto ;


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Fhapter&B


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$ource% $angbadpatre Hartalchitra by 0#oy DasguptaG 0$I and F>D

Bangladesh 2013: Assessing Economic

"ight stylied facts about recent Hartal trends in the recent period =;?1B@

1. 4re3uency =incidence@ of Hartals have increased signi!cantly;. Hartals are now being called even during the wee(endsB. Hartal, for an economic cause, has become more uncommon


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. 'ew actors are entering as Hartal protagonists in addition to thetraditional >olitical actors2. Fausalities and violence in Hartals have become more manifestA. emar(able number of deaths of members of the law enforcing agencies

in connection with Hartals

E2ects of Harta#s in Econo%

The continuing use of hartal *angladesh underscores that in the midst of

transition to democracy eperience many di7culties, obstacles andreversals. The process is inevitably intertwined with the broader process ofmoderniation, which gives rise to a variety of contradictory social andpolitical forces. /t is di7cult to recognie that the pervasiveness of hartal in acountry li(e *angladesh is an obstacle to democracy and that theirpersistence is related to the way political mobiliation ta(es place andpolitical demands are articulated.

The mass people are aected very much in hartal. They can)t go to their wor( andcan)t earn money. $ometimes they are facing some urgent problem but they can)tgo outside. /f they go outside, they are victim of hartal. During the period of hartal,the product can)t come in town, for this purpose, mar(et prie of products is

increased. During the hartal period mass people are suerer.

Hartals aect all section of society. $ome of the main impacts cited were%disruption to mobility, !nancial losses, hampering of business activities.5ther (ey impacte were the closing down of educational institution, damageto vehicles and building, suering of the general public and prie hi(es ofdaily essential were cited as additional eects.


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'%pact on Econo%

Hartal is not simply an incontinent and a naissance, it is tantamount to callfor an economic boycott of our own goods and services by our ownpoliticians during the period of hartals are in eect. The impact of hartal onthe economy was very or somewhat negative. The most harmful impacts onthe economy were losses to the business sector and harm to the nationaleconomy. Disruption of transportation and eports and imports were alsosigni!cance among the adverse eect. 0 huge amount of li3uidity remainedstored at every branch of commercial ban(, posting high ris(s in operatingban(ing activities during hartal.

5f the sectors most aected by the ongoing political turmoil, traders, both

wholesalers andretailers, lose the highest amount of T( ?? crore to a day)s

general shutdown, followed by ready&made garment industry which loses T(

B? crore, $abur said 3uoting the study !ndings. 0ccording to the study

report, the government loses revenue to the tune of T( ;:? crore a day and

T( 1?,??? crore a year to hartal, $abur said. The manufacturing sector loses

T( 1??crore, transport and communication T( ? crore, education, !nancial

institution and tourism sectors T( :? crore each, insurance T( 1: crore, and

others T( : crore to a day of general shutdown, the report said. The DFF/

tabled a 1;&point set of recommendations to the political parties for resolving

the ongoing crisis and !nding political programmes alternative to hartal.


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To generate an overview of how the economy is aected by Hartals, the lastdecades amount of hartal day)s as well as parties responsible for callingthem.The following overall trends can be mentioned%

K egional and local hartal occurs more fre3uently and last longer than

nation&wide hartals.

K *oth ma#or political parties e3ually active in using hartal as a means ofpolitical protest. /n the ten year period from 11 to ;???, 1 national hartalwere called by the *'>,while the 0wami 9eague called 2.

K There appears to be a Lbunching) of hartals associated with a change ofregimes.

K ecently, there seems to be a trend towards more half&day hartals.

-anufacturers and "porters 0ssociation estimated that it loses 6$M1Amillion a day during hartals. These estimates may however be slightlyeaggerated, given that various coping strategies are used to ma(e up forlosses.


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'%pact on !ociet

The impact of hartal on society reNected strongly. Hartal hampered businessand disruptions to everyday life. "specially day laborer and middle lower

income people, who are less !nancially solvent, are most aected by hartalsdue to loss in income and increase of their ependitures. $tudents were alsoaected by hartal.

'%pact on Education

"ach year, a number of hartalsstri(e the school calendar. $treets becomewar ones, forcing students to stay at home, leaving classrooms empty.0longside the business community, children also bear the brunt of hartal.+hen announcing the results of this year)s H$F eamination >rime -inister$hei(h Hasina was therefore 3uic( to blame *'> and Camaat for this year)spoor and unepected results. /n the general stream, pass rate wentdown from 2.:O in ;?1; to 21.BO in ;?1B. The combined =general,technical and madrasa education@ pass rate also fell by -, more students would have passed if theopposition had not enforced hartals. iven the timing and fre3uency ofhartalsthis year, her accusation doesn)t seem unreasonable.

The opposition on the other hand echanged verbal invectives and blamed09 for messing with the education system. The acting secretary general of*'> stated that the dip in pass rate reNected a downfall in education 3uality.

His remar( did not go unnoticed. The education minister stood !rmly by the>- and was prompt to demand an apology from -ira 4a(hrul for moc(ingthe students. Than(fully, this war of words did not go far. *'> showedrestraints by not retaliating with another hartal over poor H$F results.0nalysis of periodic data on hartalsin *angladesh shows two patterns. 4irst,we eperience more hartals in pre&election years. $econd, the overallnumber of hartalsat the national level increased steeply between 11 and;??. However, compared to past political regimes, ;??&;?1B has seenfewer hartals. /t may seem that the incumbent government has succeeded in!ghting hartals by introducing additional public eams during its tenure% >$Fand C$F. Together with $$F and H$F, four public eams may have led to a

hartal s3ueee. 6nfortunately, there is nothing in the data to suggestsensitisation of hartaltiming. 0ccording to the education minister, as manyas B; public eaminations had to be rescheduled this year because ofhartal.Pear and month&wise information on hartal is hard to come by.0ccording to a 6'D> report published in ;??:, both ma#or political parties Q*09 and *'> Q have been e3ually active in using hartals as a means ofpolitical protest. During 11&;???, 2 national hartals were called by the09, while the *'> called 1. +e lost 12B days during ;??1&;?? when 09


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was in opposition. During ;??&;?11, on the other hand, 12 days were lost tohartalG the !gures for ;?1; and ;?1B are ; and B days respectively. /f 09 isright in blaming this year)s low pass rate on hartals, we would epect ahigher pass rate in years that were less aected. +hen combined with dataon hartals, a number of patterns can be detected from an analysis of public

eam results. Through continuous social campaign against hartal, we mustdemand an education system from the government that is accountable toparents and students and functional in two dimensions% =a@ enoughclassroom time and =b@ learning centernd activities inside the classroom.+iththe national election around the corner, *angladeshi parents want to see aclear commitment to educational reform in the manifesto of all politicalparties. The starting point should be a shift of focus away from narrowindicators such as pass rate in public eam. /ssues that need to be prioritisedinclude implementation of a competency based curriculum, tac(ling teachertruancy, reducing double&shift operation of schoolsRcolleges and propertraining of teachers before changing the curriculum and the eamination

process =both eam paper formulation and mar(ing of eam scripts@. eformattempts must not be rushed. 0lthough nearly half a million secondaryschool teachers have been trained on Lcreative) 3uestion method during thecurrent government)s tenure, 3uestions remain over the 3uality of trainingprovided. +e need to learn from past mista(es =e.g. using multiple&choice3uestion test ban( for $$F eam in the late 1?s@ and be prepared toabandon failed policy measures. Through !eld research and careful piloting,eective reform measures should be identi!ed so that students do not suerfrom poorly eecuted policy eperiments.

E2ect of harta# on da #aborerHartal is as means of political activities. The day labor is de!ned as one whohas wor(ed every day for income and one who earns his livelihood throughapplying hisRher physical labor li(e&ic(shaw&puller, small vendors on thefootpath and slum dwellers who are engaged in varieties of income earningactivities on a day&to&day basis without any contractual obligation. Theric(shaw pullers, poor footpath vendors, small shop(eepers have beenmostly aected in hartal. During the period of hartal, they can)t go theirwor(. 4or this purpose they can)t earn money. Their income is very limitedwhich is not su7cient to maintain their family and they can)t teach their

children properly.

3ar%ers 4et $o) Prices

Tori(ul /slam, a farmer in Cessore, said he had stopped selling potatoes since $unday

as middlemen were oering low prices, citing a lac( of transport movement. +e

got low prices for vegetables such as beans and gourds as the number of


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wholesalers was low in the mar(et, said -ohammad $hahbuddin, a farmer in

'arsingdi. The 3uality of vegetables also falls unless we harvest in time, he said.

Prices 4o 5p in Cities

The prices of essential commodities also went up due to disruption in thesupply chain. The prices of onions, potatoes and some vegetables edged upamid inade3uate supply, according to trading corporation of*angladesh$treet vendors, haw(ers and roadside retail shops also registeredlow sales.Cahangir 0lam, who sells cigarettes, betel leaves and candies on afootpath near 4armgate, said his sales drop to T( ?? a day during hartal,from T( 1,;?? on a normal day./ do not support hartal. 9ow sales have eroded my income, he said.

E2ect of harta# in persona# #ife and

peop#e6s perception>eople are social beings and hartal aect individuals as well as society as awhole. Disruption in mobility and !nancial loss in terms of increase inependitures and decreases in income are perceived to be the ma#or eectof hartal on personal life. /n general people are more conscious about the!nancial impacts of hartal than their other eects on society such as securityconcerns or social cost of fre3uently called hartal. 6'D> report on Hartal for*angladesh perspective has shown several important !ndings throughconducting interviews with B??? respondents around the country. Those!ndings can be summaried as following%Hartals are not only ineective in changing policy, but have negative impactson citiens and society.Disruption to mobility, business activities, and daily activities are consideredas severe impacts on society.


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Harta# i%pact on R"4 sector

The garment sector incurs production loss worth T( ;?? crore in a day forshutdown, which is forcing the international buyers to shift their orders toother destinations. The chain impacts of such losses are more damaging,said 0ti3ul /slam, president of *angladesh arment -anufacturers and"porters 0ssociation. He was spea(ing at a #oint press conference with the*angladesh Initwear -anufacturers and "porters 0ssociation =*I-"0@ and*angladesh Tetile -ills 0ssociation =*T-0@ at the *-"0 o7ce in Dha(a.0ccording to an estimate by the *-"0, B; garment factories lost orders

worth M;:.: la(h, faced discount worth M11.B; la(h, spent MB?.


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the 4ederation of *angladesh Fhambers of Fommerce and /ndustry. Thebusinessmen are scheduled to gather 0pril ; in Dha(a to form opinionsregarding the current political situation and businesses.

Eoicing deep concern at the fresh spell of countrywide shutdown calls,apparel sector)s trade bodies Q *-"0 and *I-"0 Q on $unday said theeporters had to count additional losses of around T( ;:? crore because ofair shipments due to hartals in Canuary and 4ebruary alone."port ordersworth 6$M ;.; million of 1: factories have so far been cancelled due tofre3uent hartal timely shipments of eport goods worth 6$M 2.A millionthrough seaway have become uncertain also because of shutdowns, theysaid in a #oint statement./t also said the buyers demanded about 6$M ?.2million discount as the eporters failed to ma(e the shipments timely =due tohartal@ while the eporters had to count air freights worth 6$M 1.21 million.The *'>&led 1A&party and Hefa#at&e&/slam *angladesh separately calledhartals for three days from -onday. 4or the sa(e of the national economy,

especially to save the - sector, *-"0 and *I-"0 re3uest the politicalparties concerned to call the hartals o, the statement said.The trade bodies urged the political parties to loo( for alternative andpeaceful political programmer to hartals. The statement said many eportershave been facing problems li(e air freight, discount, cancellation anddeferred payment following the hartals. The eporters said many peoplewould simply turn #obless overnight if the eistence of the country)sreadymade garment sector is endangered for reasons li(e political instability.The country)s present economy does not have the strength to endure theburden of #oblessness of a large number of people, they said. *angladesharment -anufacturers and "porters 0ssociation =*-"0@ and *angladesh

Initwear -anufacturers and "porters 0ssociation =*I-"0@ said hartal willimpede the growth, discourage investment, and slow down eport puttingemployment at ris(. The statement noted that the eport&oriented garmentindustries in the country have already been aected badly due to the globaleconomic downtrend and gas and electricity crises. /t said the economy willbe hit hard by fre3uent hartals and it will not be able to overcome the lossesas over


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Chapter-7

Recommendation

and !onclusion


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Reco%%endation

/t is necessary to follow some alternative of hartal as it is bringing detriments

and adverse impact on society.

i@ Hunger stri(e is a non&violent program. 0nna Haare, a renowned person,through hunger stri(e realied many demands.

ii@ $ilent procession can be observed across the country without obstructingrunning vehicles on the roads.

iii@ rand rally can be arranged in all divisional towns. The government8smista(es can be criticied in a democratic way.

iv@ The opposition party can go to parliament where they can point outgovernment8s mista(es. /f the ruling party does not give any scope to discussin parliament, then they can wal( out repeatedly, but they should notboycott parliament. The people would realie that the opposition party wantsto have discussion with the government but they are not given any scope. /twill brighten their image, which will help in the general election late.


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Reference

1. http%RRnewagebd.comRdetail.phpSdate;?1B&?

Documents

Hartal is not simply incontinence and a naissance.doc