HARLANS SEMINARNaval Engineering

Concepts and Research Topics

HARLANS SEMINARHARLANS SEMINARNaval EngineeringNaval Engineering

Concepts and Research TopicsConcepts and Research Topics

Howard FiremanHoward FiremanDirector, Future Concepts & Surface Ship DesignDirector, Future Concepts & Surface Ship Design

3 November 20063 November 2006

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• Current Navy– 281 ships in our fleet– Fleet Response Program stresses them all– Our Job: Fix them quickly, get them back on line, tackle the HARD

issues

• Next Navy– 29 Major design, conversion projects – $13 + billion per year– Our Job: Correct, accurate designs: review approve, certify

• Navy After Next– “What – if” studies for the Navy’s leadership – Satisfy the needs 20-50 years in the future– Our Job : Think out of the box; be the world leader

BackgroundBackgroundEngineerEngineer’’s View: There are really s View: There are really threethree NaviesNavies

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Retirements

RetirementRetirementss

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50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2060 2065

Year

Num

ber o

f Shi

ps in

Act

ive

Serv

ice

Current Navynow

Operational

Navy After Next

Next Navynow

Programmed

BackgroundBackgroundRetirementsRetirements

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For Joint Forces

Continuous support

Sustainment

Force protection

No land base reliance

Joint Combat Power From the SeaRapid Deployment Assembly Command

Projection Reconstitution Re-employment

SpeedSpeed……

AccessAccess……

PersistencePersistence…………

Navy Mission & Forces For ExecutionNavy Mission & Forces For ExecutionNavy Mission & Forces For Execution

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Sea Base1. Carrier Strike Group (CSG)2. Expeditionary Strike Group (ESG)3. Maritime Prepositioning Group (MPG)4. Combat Logistics Force (CLF)5. Vert/Surface Connectors: Joint High Speed

Ship (JHSS), Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV), Assault Connectors (JMAC, EFV), Air-lift

6. Sister Service and Coalition Forces Ships

Carrier Strike Group

Expeditionary Strike Group

Combat Logistics Force Ships

Connectors

Sister Service and Coalition Forces Ships

Maritime Prepositioning Group (MPG) = MPF(F) + Embarked Force

ComponentsComponentsComponents

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The Navy TodayThe Navy TodayThe Navy Today

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The Navy TodayThe Navy TodayThe Navy Today

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The Navy TodayThe Navy TodayThe Navy Today

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US Navy TodayUS Navy TodayUS Navy Today

3,800 Aircraft

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Tomorrow’s Navy –5 Year Shipbuilding Budget

TomorrowTomorrow’’s Navy s Navy ––5 Year Shipbuilding Budget5 Year Shipbuilding Budget

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Navy After Next? –30 Year Shipbuilding Plan

Navy After Next? Navy After Next? ––30 Year Shipbuilding Plan30 Year Shipbuilding Plan

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Ongoing Surface Ship DesignsOngoing Surface Ship DesignsOngoing Surface Ship Designs

• Concept / Feasibility Studies– MPFF (Sea Basing)

» MLP» T-AKE Mod» LHA Mod» LHD Mod» LMSR Mod/Repeat

– JHSS– JHSV– LHA(R) Flt 1– CGX– JMAC– T-Craft (ONR)

• Preliminary / Contract Design– CVN 78– T-AGM(R)– E-Craft (ONR)

• Detail Design/Construction– DDX– DDG 51– LCS Flt 0 LM– LCS Flt 0 GD– CVN 77– CVN 78– LHD 8– LPD 17– LHA 6– T-AKE 1

• Major Modernizations– CVN 70 RCOH– CVN 71 RCOH– DDG Modernization– LCAC SLEP

• Recently Completed (FY05)– X-Craft (ONR)– CVN 69 RCOH

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Ongoing Submarine DesignsOngoing Submarine DesignsOngoing Submarine Designs

• Concept / Feasibility Studies– SSBN(X)– Missile Defense Agency SSBN

Conversion– DARPA/NAVY Tango Bravo

Initiatives

• Preliminary / Contract Design– HOV Replacement (ALVIN

Replacement)– VIRGINIA Class Flexible Payload

Module– VIRGINIA Class Major Cost

Reduction

• Detail Design/Construction– SSN 774– SSGN Conversion– SRDRS

• Modernization– ASDS Reliability Build

• Recently Completed (FY05)– SSN 23– ASDS Boat 1– Atmospheric Dive Suit– VIRGINIA Class Multi-Mission

Module Concept Design

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CharacteristicsLength 600 ftBeam 79.1 ft Draft 27.6 ftSpeed 30 kt

CharacteristicsLength 600 ftBeam 79.1 ft Draft 27.6 ftSpeed 30 kt

Integrated Power System(2) Main Turbine Generators (MTG)(2) Auxiliary Turbine Generators (ATG)(2) 34.6 MW Advanced Induction MotorsIntegrated Fight Through Power

Integrated Power System(2) Main Turbine Generators (MTG)(2) Auxiliary Turbine Generators (ATG)(2) 34.6 MW Advanced Induction MotorsIntegrated Fight Through Power

SuperstructureComposite structure

SuperstructureComposite structure

Weapons(80) AVLS cells(2) AGS 155 mm guns (920) 155 mm rounds (320 convertible)(2) 57 mm Close In GunsTorpedo Defense (Space Reservation)Anti-Terrorism (Space Reservation)

Weapons(80) AVLS cells(2) AGS 155 mm guns (920) 155 mm rounds (320 convertible)(2) 57 mm Close In GunsTorpedo Defense (Space Reservation)Anti-Terrorism (Space Reservation)

Boats(2) 7m RHIBs (sized for (2) 11m RHIBs)

Boats(2) 7m RHIBs (sized for (2) 11m RHIBs)

AviationMH60R and (3) VTUAVs(Capacity for 2 MH 60Rs)

AviationMH60R and (3) VTUAVs(Capacity for 2 MH 60Rs)

SensorsDual Band Radar• S-Band VSR• X-Band MFRHF & MF Bow Sonar ArraysMulti-Function Towed ArrayEO/IR SystemES System

SensorsDual Band Radar• S-Band VSR• X-Band MFRHF & MF Bow Sonar ArraysMulti-Function Towed ArrayEO/IR SystemES System

HullWave-piercing tumblehome

HullWave-piercing tumblehome

Displacement 14,564 LTInstalled Power 78 MWCrew Size 142 (incl. Aviation detachment)

Displacement 14,564 LTInstalled Power 78 MWCrew Size 142 (incl. Aviation detachment)

DDG 1000 Flight 1 Physical DesignDDG 1000 Flight 1 Physical DesignDDG 1000 Flight 1 Physical Design

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DDG 1000 Engineering Development Models

DDG 1000 Engineering DDG 1000 Engineering Development ModelsDevelopment Models

Advanced Gun System (AGS)• Initial guided flight testing completed• Firing rate testing completed

Integrated CompositeDeckhouse & Apertures (IDHA)• RCS testing completed• Co-site testing completed

Peripheral Vertical Launch System (PVLS)• Two detonation tests conducted• Missile restrained firing testing completed

Total Ship ComputingEnvironment (TSCE)• Authorized Releases 1 and 2• SR3 System Acceptance Testing Complete• SR3 Authorization Panel Oct 05

Integrated Power System (IPS)• Component factory

testing completed• Land-based

testing completed

Hull Form Scale Model• Model testing completed• CDR completed

Infrared Mockups (IR)• At-sea testing completed

Autonomic Fire SuppressionSystem (AFSS)• At-sea weapons effect fire

suppression demonstration

Dual Band Radar (DBR)• MFR land-based

testing completed

Integrated Undersea Warfare (IUSW)• At-sea mine avoidance testing completed• Automation testing completed

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Transforming the NavyTransforming the NavyTransforming the Navy

Fleet upgrades- Carriers- DDGs- Other

Anti Access Littoral focused:

- Mines - Small boat defense - Diesel subs

Complementary

Balanced

Total

Force

CG(X)

DD(X)

Technologies

Technologies

Technologies

Littoral Combat Ship

Technologies

R&D for seaframe& mission modules

Missile defense

Precision strike and volume fires for assured access and maneuver warfare

TECHNOLOGIES WARFARECAPABILITIES

Dist

ribut

ed / N

etwo

rked

Missile defensetechnology

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ICD - INITIAL CAPABILITIES DOCUMENTCDD - CAPABILITIES DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTAOA - ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVESSCN - SHIPBUILDING AND CONVERSION, NAVY

SYSTEM CRITICAL DESIGN REVIEW (CDR)SHOULD PRECEDE

SHIP PRELIMINARY DESIGN REVIEW (PDR)

SYSTEM CRITICAL DESIGN REVIEW (CDR)SHOULD PRECEDE

SHIP PRELIMINARY DESIGN REVIEW (PDR)

System Development and Ship Acquisition

System Development and System Development and Ship AcquisitionShip Acquisition

CD A BMILESTONE

1-3 1-3 2-4 4-7REQUIREMENTSTIMELINE

(YEARS) ICD

ROMSTUDIES

CONCEPT &FEASIBILITY

STUDIESAOA

CAPABILITIESDEV

PRELIMINARY& CONTRACTSHIP DESIGN

SUB-SYSTEMSDEVELOPMENT

DETAIL DESIGN& CONSTRUCTIONSHIP

ACQUISITIONPHASE

FUNCTIONALAREA

ANALYSIS Lead Ship Contract AwardIDENTIFYCRITICAL

TECHNOLOGIESLEAD SHIP

SHIP PRODUCTION

CDD

CDRPDR

System CDR

System PDR

SYSTEMDEVELOPMENT

PHASES

AOASYSTEM RFP

DEVELOPMENT

TRL 8TRL 7TRL 6TRL 5

SHIP REQUIREMENTS SHIP DESIGN

Science & Technology FNC

2018

SystemAcquisitio

nBudgeting

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Technology Transfer:A Continuous ProcessTechnology Transfer:Technology Transfer:

A Continuous ProcessA Continuous Process• TRL 1 and 2

– Educate Program Offices and Technical Warrant Holders on Potential for Technology

• TRL 3– Start Risk Management

• TRL 4– Start addressing impact on system and

ship design and integration processes• TRL 5

– Provide Initial design and analysis tools with supporting data

– Identify Standards, Specifications, and other Design Processes impacted

– Identify impact on ship and fleet CONOPS• TRL 6

– Update and begin validation of design and analysis tools

– Integrate design and analysis tools into Government Design infrastructure

– Begin updating Standards, Specifications, and other design Processes

– Develop Cost Estimation, Manpower Estimation, and Reliability Estimation methods.

• TRL 7, 8 and 9– Complete validation of design and analysis tools –Complete updating Standards, Specifications, and other design Processes– Complete Cost Estimation, Manpower Estimation, and Reliability Estimation methods.

Provide the Right Knowledge to the Right People at the Right TimeProvide the Right Knowledge to the Right People at the Right Time

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Surface Ship Design GroupSurface Ship Design GroupSurface Ship Design Group

• Perform Ship Concept Development• Perform Ship Designs for all phases• National Shipbuilding Research Program• Small Business Innovative Research• Data Exchange Agreements• NATO Group on Ship Design and Mobility• University Liaison• Technology Transition• Stewardship of Ship Design

– Tools– Processes– Standards– Topside Design– Certification

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Specialized CapabilitiesSpecialized Capabilities

The Early Stage Design Challenge

Mission Capability >Signatures <Endurance >

Area / Volume >Buoyancy >

Stability >Propulsion Power >Power Production >

HVAC Capacity >Chilled Water Supply >

Etc, Etc, Etc >

Mission RequirementThreat LevelsMission Range & DurationRequired Area / VolumeWeightOperating & Damage ConditionsResistance and PropulsorsInstalled LoadsHVAC LoadsChilled Water DemandInitial & Consequential Requirements

In the concept phase, the designer must correctly predict the sum of the parts before most of the parts are known!

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FY 06 Concept StudiesFY 06 Concept StudiesFY 06 Concept Studies

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Done In-work Backlog

LPP 17 Variants

LSD(X)

One-off studies

Ship, Force and ArchConceptsCG(X) AoA

Joint Maritime AssualtConnector AoAAlternate Propulsion Study

T-AKE Fuel Tankage

Joint High Speed Vessel AoA

Joint High Speed Sealift

LHA(R) Options

Affordable Future FleetStudy

Determining the cost Determining the cost and performance ofand performance ofthe Navythe Navy--AfterAfter--NextNext

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R&D CostR&D Cost

CoCo--opopEngagementEngagement

SurvivabilitySurvivability

PeacetimePeacetimeFeaturesFeatures

StrikeStrike

AutomationAutomation

ManeuverabilityManeuverability

Reaction TimeReaction Time

SignaturesSignatures

ManningManningSeakeepingSeakeeping

MilitaryMilitaryEffectivenessEffectiveness

ProducibilityProducibilityComputerComputerArchitectureArchitecture

Deck WetnessDeck Wetness

SustainabilitySustainability

MarginsMargins

Future GrowthFuture Growth

MarginsMarginsEMCEMCRMARMA

ACQ CostACQ CostO&S CostO&S Cost

ILSILS

RiskRisk

CommonalityCommonality ReactionReactionTimeTime

SensorSensorFusionFusion

Life Cycle CostLife Cycle Cost

LiftLiftAT/FPAT/FP SpeedSpeed PayloadPayload

Aviation Aviation

Naval Ship ComplexityNaval Ship ComplexityNaval Ship Complexity

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Types of ModularityTypes of ModularityTypes of Modularity

Capability Swapping Modularity -

Mission Packages

Bus Modularity Construction/DesignModularity

Component Sharing

Modularity

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Modular Adaptable ShipModular Adaptable ShipModular Adaptable Ship

MissionModule “A”

Module Station

Seaframe

MissionModule “B”

or

PH

CIC

Open Functional Zones Key Interfaces• Data & information (OACE)• Physical (Geometric & Tolerances)• Weight and CG / VCG• Services: Electrical, Air,Cooling• Piping connections• Monitoring & Control Sensors• Human Factors• Survivability/Vulnerability: shock,

vibration, EMI, EMC, etc.

• Modular C4I Zones • Modular Offboard Vehicle Zones• Modular Weapons Zones• Modular Sensors / Topside Zones• Modular Machinery Zones• Modular Human Support Zones• Other (SOF modules, ISR

modules)

Open Systems Architecture – Standard Interfaces

More Modular Ship Designs

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Pillars of Modular SystemsPillars of Modular SystemsPillars of Modular Systems

• System Engineering• Standard Interfaces• Open System Architecture

System Engineering Drives Standards and Open System Architecture

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Systems EngineeringSystems EngineeringSystems Engineering

Requirements Analysis

Functional Analysis / Allocation

Synthesis

TIMEVerification

Classic Systems Engineering Process Typical Interpretation

Analysis of Operational Req., Policy and Imposed Req.

Functional Analysis / Allocation

SynthesisTIME

Verification

ProductBaselineIdentify Derived

RequirementsIdentify DerivedRequirements

Actual Practice

Process continues for

each successiveProduct Baseline

System Analysisand Control

(Balance)Requirements

Analysis

FunctionalAnalysis

Allocation

Synthesis

RequirementsLoop

DesignLoopVerification

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High Power Mission SystemsHigh Power Mission SystemsPotential Future End StatePotential Future End State

Electromagnetic GunElectromagnetic Gun17 MJ on Target250 NM in 6 Minutes6-12 RPM15-30 MW High Energy LaserHigh Energy Laser

Enhanced Self DefensePrecision EngagementNo Collateral DamageMegawatt Class Laser

Organic Surveillance Drone10,000-15,000 FT Beam Power to AircraftMinimal Handling - No Refueling

Integrated Power SystemAffordable Power for Weapons and PropulsionPower Dense, Fuel Efficient PropulsionReduced SignaturesPower Conversion Flexibility

High Powered SensorCombination Sensor and WeaponHigh Powered Microwave100’s Kilowatt Powered Laser

All Electric AuxiliariesNo HydraulicsNo HP Gas SystemsReduced Sailor Workload

NO ENERGETICS NO ENERGETICS ABOARD SHIP!ABOARD SHIP!

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Ship’s Power Propulsion

Traditional

Electric Drivewith

Integrated Power

GEN

GEN

GEN

GEN

MtrMD

MtrMD

GENPrimeMover

GEN

GEN

PowerConversion

andDistribution

ReductionGear

PrimeMover

PrimeMover

PrimeMover

PrimeMover

PrimeMover

PrimeMover Prime

Mover

Integrated Power SystemsReduce Number of Prime Movers

Integrated Power SystemsIntegrated Power SystemsReduce Number of Prime MoversReduce Number of Prime Movers

PowerConversion

andDistribution

PrimeMover

PrimeMover

PrimeMover

ReductionGear

Offset cost of Motor Drives, Motors, additional Generators, and additional Power Conversion equipment by reducing the number of prime movers and eliminating reduction gears / CRP

Offset cost of Motor Drives, Motors, additional Generators, and additional Power Conversion equipment by reducing the number of prime movers and eliminating reduction gears / CRP

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Architectural FlexibilityArchitectural FlexibilityArchitectural Flexibility

Integrated Power System

Propulsion / Elec tri cal PowerMachinery Space

Intakes/Uptakes

Zones Without Propulsi on / Electr ical Power Spaces

Shaft Lin e

Diesel Mechanical System

12APR94G.CDRNH D: S EA 03R 2Rev 1 28 MAR 95

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INNOVATIVE PROPULSION TECHNOLOGY

INNOVATIVE PROPULSION INNOVATIVE PROPULSION TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

Superconducting DC Homopolar Motor

Super-C Hi-Temp AC Synchronous Motor

Electromagnetic Advanced Launching System

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Planning New Ship StudiesPlanning New Ship StudiesPlanning New Ship Studies

Planning

Design

Costing

Performance

CONOPS

Requirements

SelectBaseline(s)

UpdateBaseline

UpdateBaseline(s)

“Parallel - Serial Process”Design Space Study 3Design Space Study 2Design Space Study 1

“Classic”Design Spiral

is too slow!

“Classic”Design Spiral

is too slow!

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Early Stage Design AnalysisEarly Stage Design AnalysisEarly Stage Design Analysis

Future Concept Design processes will have an integrated tools architecture (ASSET, LEAPS, DoE,

COGENT, etc.)

From…Limited

Investigation of relatively few Design

Points

To…Full

Investigation of Concepts throughout the Design

Space

Total Ship Designs w/ FidelityFor Configuration & Technology

Tradeoffs

Integrated Product Model for Design and Analysis Applications

Design / Technology ImpactsThroughout Available

Design Space

Automated Reporting& Comparison Aids

Concept Comparison

Select window and type to add message.

View / EditThresholds Update Save As Exit

T45 #1 T45 #2 T45 #3

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Tool Integration and Technical Data ExchangeTool Integration and Technical Data ExchangeTool Integration and Technical Data ExchangeCombination of “Ship Certification Tools” and “Engineering and Technical Data Exchange”

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Future TrendsFuture TrendsFuture Trends• Large Workload • Alternative Propulsion and Fuels• Operationalizing the Naval Engineer

– Refinement of Navy Seabasing Concept – Affordable Fleet Architectures– Naval Ships as Naval Integrated Force

• CNO – 1000 Ship Navy Concept with Partner Nations• Technology Transition

– Automation Manning Reduction– Integrated Power Systems (Generation, Storage, Distribution)– Modularity (Ship Systems, Mission Systems, Production)– SEABASE Technology– Integration of Unmanned Systems– Hi Speed – Light Weight Vessels– Environmental Compliance– Advanced Engineering Tools

• Systems of Systems Engineering Process• Development of Ship Design Human Capital Strategy

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QUESTIONS