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Lessons Learnedfor ICT Strategic Development,from 20 Years of Experience in SoftwareEngineering Education

Hanoi Forum on ICT 2007

John T. Grasso, Ph.D.Director, Strategic Development & Distance LearningInstitute for Software Research InternationalSchool of Computer ScienceCarnegie Mellon University+412-268-1695,[email protected]

http://strategic.isri.cmu.edu
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

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December 24, 2010 Carnegie Mellon University Slide 2

Outline of this Presentation

1. A brief introduction toCarnegie Mellon University

2. The Development of

Education Programs

for Software Engineering

3. Lessons for ICT Strategic Development

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Carnegie Mellon's Heritage

Result of a merger in 1967 of

Carnegie Institute of Technology Founded in 1900

by Andrew Carnegie

Mellon Institute for Industrial Research Founded in 1913

by family of Andrew Mellon was the 1st contract research

corporation in the United States

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Carnegie Mellon... a small school

Enrollment, 2006-2007Undergraduate 5,580 55 %

Graduate 4,451 44 %

Non-Degree 89 1 %

Total 10,120 100 %

Full-time Part-time Total

Faculty, technical,and professional 1,247 212 1,459

Staff 2,892 280 3,172

Total 4,139 492 4,631

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Strengths: School of Computer Science

March 2006: 50th Year Celebration.#1 PhD program (US News, 2004)

#1 graduate program (US News, 2007)

Ranking by field (2007):#1 in Programming Languages#3 in Artificial Intelligence#3 in Systems#6 in Theory

#1 in publishedresearch in software &systems engineering, worldwide (JSS, 2005)

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Herbert A. Simon, 1916-2001

ACM Turing Award, 1975Nobel Prize in Economics, 1978

National Medal of Science, 1986

APA Life Achievement, 1988

Von Neumann Theory, 1988

Am Soc Pub Admin Award, 1995

Fellow of...Am Academy of Arts & Sciences

Am Assn for the Advancement of ScienceAm Economics Assn, Econometrics SocietyAm Psychological AssnAm Statistical Assn International Acad of MgtAm Assn for Artificial Intelligence

Herb Simon at CMU1949 to 2001

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Awarded the Nobel Prize Clinton J. Davisson, Physics, 1937

Otto Stern, Physics, 1943 Herbert Simon, Economics, 1978

Franco Modigliani, Economics, 1985

Merton H. Miller, Economics, 1990

John F. Nash Jr., Economics, 1994 Clifford Shull, Physics, 1994

Robert E. Lucas Jr., Economics, 1995

John A. Pople, Chemistry, 1998

Walter Kohn, Chemistry, 1998

Finn E. Kydland, Economics, 2004 Edward C. Prescott, Economics, 2004

John Hall, Physics, 2005 Reference: http://www.cmu.edu/corporate/news/2004/innovations/AwardWinners.html

Prof. Finn Kydland, 2004

Alumnus & former facultyEdward Prescott, 2004

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Awarded the ACM Turing Award

Alan J. Perlis, 1966Allen Newell, 1975

Herbert A. Simon, 1975

Dana Scott, 1976Raj Reddy, 1994

Manuel Blum, 1995

Herb Simon and Allen Newell

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Dean of Computer Science

Randal E. BryantHis paper is the most heavily cited

article, for all years in the computer science literature

The NEC Research Institute quantification program, Citeseer (http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/source.html), lists Bryant's paper,"Graph-Based Algorithms for Boolean Function Manipulation,"from 1986, as the most heavily cited work for all years in theNECI Scientific Literature Digital Library, ResearchIndex, acollection of 400,000 documents as of April 2001.
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/source.htmlhttp://citeseer.nj.nec.com/source.htmlhttp://citeseer.nj.nec.com/source.html

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Head of Computer Science Dept.

Effective July 1, 2007, the National Science Foundation has chosenJeannette Wing to lead its new Computer & InformationScience & Engineering Directorate.

Wing will oversee $527M per year in funding for computerscience and engineering.

See Innovative Viewpoint article on "Computational Thinking"in the March 2006 Communications of the ACM, Vol. 49, No. 3.

See her interview in the July 2006 issue of IEEE Spectrum:www.spectrum.ieee.org/jul06/4095

IEEE Fellow Jeannette M. Wing is Professorof Computer Science and head of theComputer Science Department at CarnegieMellon University.
http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/jul06/4095http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/jul06/4095

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Many others...

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Intel Corp. Creates New Lab

August 2001:Intel Corporation created new research laboratoryat Carnegie Mellon University, to explore newconcepts and implementation of databases and

file systems for the future.Prof. Mahadev Satyanarayanan, Carnegie GroupProfessor of Computer Science, was selected byIntel Corp. to be the founding director.
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~satya/satyaphoto.jpghttp://www.intel.com/index.htm?iid=homepage+hdr_logo

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Apple Computer establishesResearch Lab at Carnegie Mellon

July 25, 2005 press announcement:

Apple joins Intel at Carnegie Mellon
http://www.apple.com/ipodnano/specs.html

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establishes Engineering

Office at Carnegie MellonDecember 15, 2005

Google announced plans to openan engineering office in Pittsburgh,at Carnegie Mellon University.Google will gain new search &analysis tools.

Carnegie Mellon and Pittsburghwill gain new high-tech jobs inthe Pittsburgh area.

Google selected ProfessorAndrew W. Moore asDirector of the lab at CMU.Moore is an expert in use

of artificial intelligence forproblems in data miningand enterpriseproductivity.

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The Boeing Company

Boeing used Carnegie Mellon's CMM as itsframework for process improvement since 1991Trained over 10,000 Boeing people.More than 200 software groups assessed.

Boeing engineers have generated almost1,000 enrollments in our eLearning courses.

Boeing's 747: millions of parts,

millions of lines ofcode, and

must have zerosoftware defects.

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Software Engineering InstituteEstablished 1984 by US Department of Defense to improve the quality of software systems

SEI is a federally funded R&D Lab operated by

Carnegie Mellon

Now under its fifth 5-year contract

Created theCapability Maturity ModelCMM and CMMI

From start to 2006 5,700+ assessments with 3,500+ organizations and over 15,500 projects

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Software Problems at DoD, 1980sUnpublished study of 17 major contracts involvingsoftware for U.S. Defense DepartmentAverage schedule of 28 months long was over-runby 20 months

One 4-year project was not complete after 7 years

No project was delivered "on time"Systems were delayed by software problems...some projects were completely canceled

Software development was not keeping pace with:

-growing complexity of software and-increasing importance of software

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CMM Software Process Framework

5 Levels18 Key Process Areas52 Goals

316 Key Practices

A framework of Best Practices

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Value of CMM / CMMI

From a Motorola University surveyof eleven countries, 176 software groupsOvertime reduced 20XDefects reduced 20XDevelopment costs down 3XSchedule and cost overruns down 100XCycle time improved 2XProductivity up 3.4XReturn on investment: range of 4X to 16X, average

returns is 800% ROI

Source: Karl Williams, "The Value of Software Improvement,"SPIRE97, June 1997

http://www.secat.com/download/locked_pdf/benefits_lkd.pdf

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Who Uses CMM / CMMI?

Government & aerospace

Telecommunications

Commercialsoftware

Financial

Industry

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Worldwide Training

Enrollments in SEI official coursesTaught by SEI by SEI Partners Total

2002 3,451 4,167

2003 4,222 7,9672004 4,471 12,037

2005 4,862 14,825

2006 5,653 15,598

2007 (est.) 5,816 16,273Total 28,475 70,867 99,342

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Assessments are Used Worldwide

ttp://www.sei.cmu.edu/sema/profile.html

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Carnegie Mellon around the World Main campus in Pittsburgh

CM West in Silicon ValleyCM Qatar in Doha

ISRI Programs

ISRI India ISRI Korea ISRI Japan ISRI China & HK

with Australia

Others: Europe, S. America, etc.

In general, we wish to create strategic collaborations,with industry, government, and universities.

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Some ISRI Clients in Korea
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Samsung_Logo.svghttp://english.seoul.go.kr/http://eng.mic.go.kr/eng/index.jsphttp://www.lgcns.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Samsung_Logo.svghttp://www.ikolon.com/eng/business/index.html

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Collaborations need support

Collaboration with SSN-SASEFunded by Mr. Shiv NadarFounder, HCL GroupEst'd net worth USD 1.2B

Collaboration with ICUFunded by Korean Ministry

of Information & Communication

Dr. Seungtaik Yang, MinisterFirst ICU President, CEO of ETRIImplemented CDMA & broadband acrossKorea
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.newsworld.co.kr/cont/0109/images/63.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.newsworld.co.kr/cont/0109/63.html&h=310&w=283&sz=48&tbnid=oUROrqgCjiDK6M:&tbnh=112&tbnw=102&hl=en&start=2&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dseung%2Btaik%2Byang%26num%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26as_qdr%3Dall

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Part 2. The Development of

Software Engineering Education- At Carnegie Mellon

- With ACM and IEEE Computer Society

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Curriculum Development inSoftware Engineering at CMU

Requirements...Analysis

Specification

Design

Implementation

Feb 86

May 87

Feb 88

Jun 88

Aug 1989

First Workshop onSoftware EngineeringEducation

InterimReport

Curriculum DesignWorkshop & Report

CMU MSE

Future MSE Programs

Video DisseminationProject

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Software EngineeringThe term was made popular by Mary Shaw's article

"Prospects for an Engineering Discipline of Software," in IEEESoftware, vol 7, no 6, November 1990, pp.15-24.

"Reflection and Abstraction in Learning Software EngineeringsHuman Aspects" by Hazzan & Tomayko, IEEE Computer, June2005.

MSE Program in

cover feature ofIEEE Software,Nov. 1997, byGarlan, Gluch, &Tomayko.

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40+ Years of Curriculum Work

1956: First computer installed at Carnegie Mellon.1980s: ACM & IEEE Computer Society joined togetherto produce recommended curricula.

1984: Carnegie Mellon awarded contract for SEI.

1986: Began curriculum development.1987: Carnegie Mellon hosted 1st conference onsoftware engineering education (CSEET).

1991: CC91 recommendations published by Task Force.

Updated in 2001.Hemmendinger, The ACM and IEEE-CS guidelines for undergraduate CS education,Communications of the ACM V. 50, No. 5 (May 2007), 46-53.

Joint Task Force on Computing Curricula, Computing Curricula 2001, Final Report(December 15, 2001), ACM & IEEE Computer Society. See Ch. 2 "Lessons from PastReports." Ref: http://www.acm.org/education/curricula.html
http://www.acm.org/education/curricula.htmlhttp://www.acm.org/education/curricula.html

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ACM-IEEE Curriculum Today

2005: The ACM-IEEE Joint Task Forceproduced its 2005 Overview Report.Ref: http://www.acm.org/education/curric_vols/CC2005-March06Final.pdf

Computing curriculum in five subdomains:

1. Computer Science (CS 2001)

2. Computer Engineering (CE 2004)

3. Information Systems (IS 2002)

4. Information Technology (IT 2006)5. Software Engineering (SE 2004)

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Carnegie Mellon in ACM-IEEE reports

More than 20 references to Carnegie Mellon in ACM-IEEE reports1. Mary Shaw. The Carnegie-Mellon curriculum for undergraduate computer science. New York: Springer-

Verlag, 1985. (CC2001, CE2004, SE2004)

2. Shaw, Mary. Education for the Future of Software Engineering, Technical Report SEI-86-TM-5, SoftwareEngineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, May 1986. (IS2004)

3. Gibbs, Norman E. and Gary A. Ford. The Challenges of Educating the Next Generation of SoftwareEngineers, Technical Report SEI-86-TM-7, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University,Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 1986. (IS2004)

4. Ford, Gary, Norman Gibbs and James Tomayko. Software Engineering Education: An Interim Report fromthe Software Engineering Institute, Technical Report SEI-87-TR-8, Software Engineering Institute, CarnegieMellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, May 1987. (IS2004)

5. Gibbs, Norman E. The SEI Education Program: The Challenge of Teaching Future Software Engineers,Communications of the ACM, Volume 32, Number 5, May 1989, pp. 594-605. (IS2004)

6. Ford, Gary and Mark A. Ardis. 1989 SEI Report on Graduate Software Engineering Education, TechnicalReport SEI-89-TR-21, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,June, 1989. (IS2004)

7. Ford, Gary and Norman E. Gibbs. A Master of Software Engineering Curriculum: Recommendations from theSoftware Engineering Institute, IEEE Computer, September 1989, pp. 59-71. (IS2004)

8. Ford, Gary. 1990 SEI Report on Undergraduate Software Engineering Education, Technical Report SEI-90-TR-3, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, March 1990.(IS2004)

9. Shaw, Mary. Prospects for an Engineering Discipline of Software, Technical Report SEI-90-TR-20, SoftwareEngineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, September 1990. (IS2004)

10. Mary Shaw "Prospects for an Engineering Discipline of Software", IEEE Software, 7, 6, November 1990, pp.15-24. (SE2004)

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Carnegie Mellon in ACM-IEEE, #211. Mary Shaw and James E Tomayko. Models for undergraduate courses in software engineering.

Pittsburgh: Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, January 1991. (CC2001, CE2004,SE2004)

12. Ford, Gary. 1991 SEI Report on Graduate Software Engineering Education, Technical Report SEI-91-TR-2, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, April 1991. (IS2004)

13. SEI. Software Engineering Education Directory, Technical Report SEI-91-TR-9, Software EngineeringInstitute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, May 1991. (IS2004)

14. Mary Shaw. We can teach software better. Computing Research News 4(4):2-12, September 1992.(CC2001, CE2004, SE2004)

15. Berry, Daniel M. Academic Legitimacy of the Software Engineering Discipline, Technical Report SEI-92-

TR-034, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, November1992. (IS2004)

16. Ford, Gary. A Progress Report on Undergraduate Software Engineering Education, Technical ReportSEI-94-TR-011, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, May1994. (IS2004)

17. Tomayko, James E. and Mary Shaw. Models for Undergraduate Project Courses in SoftwareEngineering, Technical Report SEI-91-TR-10, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University,Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, August 1991. (IS2004)

18. Bagert, D., et. al., Guidelines for Software Engineering Education, Version 1.0, CMU/SEI-99-TR-032,

Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 1999. (SE2004)

19. Ford, G., A Progress Report on Undergraduate Software Engineering Education, CMU/SEI-94-TR-11,Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, May 1994. (SE2004)

20. Ford, G. and Gibbs, N. E., A Mature Profession of Software Engineering, CMU/SEI-96-TR-004, SoftwareEngineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, January 1996. (SE2004)

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Carnegie Mellon in ACM-IEEE, #321. Mary Shaw, The Coming-of-Age of Software Architecture Research, Proceedings of the 23rd

International Conference on Software Engineering, Toronto, pp. 656-664a, Canada, IEEE Computer Society,2001. (SE2004)

22. Mary Shaw, What makes good research in software engineering?, International Journal on SoftwareTools for Technology Transfer, vol. 4, DOI 10.1007/s10009-002-0083-4, June 2002. (SE2004)

23. Institute for Software Research International, The PhD Program in Software Engineering, School ofComputer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 2003. (SE2004) (http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/isri/www/Design/phd.html)

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Carnegie Mellon People

Faculty are recognized in SE2004Mary ShawJames E. TomaykoWilliam (Bill) Hefley

Philip Koopman

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Part 3. Lessons forICT Strategic Development

Mary Shaw, Prospects for an Engineering Discipline of Software, IEEE Software 7(6), Nov.1990, pp. 15-24.

James E. Tomayko, Carnegie Mellon's software development studio: A five-yearretrospective. In Proc of 9th Conf on Software Engineering Education. IEEE ComputerSociety Press, April 1996, pp. 119-129.

David Garlan, D.P. Gluch, and J. E. Tomayko; Agents of Change: Educating Software

Engineering Leaders, IEEE Computer 30(11), Nov. 1997, pp. 59-65.Mary Shaw, The Coming-of-Age of Software Architecture Research, Proc ICSE 2001,Toronto, Canada. IEEE Computer Society Press, 2001, pp. 656-664a.

Orit Hazzan and J.E. Tomayko, Reflection and Abstraction in Learning SoftwareEngineerings Human Aspects, IEEE Computer 3(6), May 2005, pp. 39-45.

Mary Shaw, James D. Herbsleb, and Ipek Ozkaya;Deciding What to Design: Closing a Gap in Software Engineering Education. In Proc 27thInternational Conf on Software Engineering (ICSE 2005), May 2005.

Mary Shaw and Paul Clements, The Golden Age of Software Architecture, IEEE Software23(2), March-April 2006, pp. 31-39.

MSE Studio, external references

Chris Argyris and Donald Schn, Theory in Practice: Increasing Professional Effectiveness,Jossey-Bass, 1974.
http://displaypaper.php/?PAPER_ID=14&header=http:/spoke.compose.cs.cmu.edu/shaweb/p/pubstop.txt&trailer=http:/spoke.compose.cs.cmu.edu/shaweb/p/pubsbot.txt&admin=yeshttp://displaypaper.php/?PAPER_ID=92&header=http:/spoke.compose.cs.cmu.edu/shaweb/p/pubstop.txt&trailer=http:/spoke.compose.cs.cmu.edu/shaweb/p/pubsbot.txt&admin=yeshttp://displaypaper.php/?PAPER_ID=92&header=http:/spoke.compose.cs.cmu.edu/shaweb/p/pubstop.txt&trailer=http:/spoke.compose.cs.cmu.edu/shaweb/p/pubsbot.txt&admin=yeshttp://displaypaper.php/?PAPER_ID=14&header=http:/spoke.compose.cs.cmu.edu/shaweb/p/pubstop.txt&trailer=http:/spoke.compose.cs.cmu.edu/shaweb/p/pubsbot.txt&admin=yes

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ActivitiesInputs, OutputsDirect

Effects

Indirect

Effects

Future

Effects

The plan & implementation Downstream effects

Establish Provide Trained Apply it Company Long-run

practical education graduates on the job improves benefits

program or training performance to country

program & economy

A Long Term Perspective

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ActivitiesInputs OutputsDirect

Effects

Indirect

Effects

Future

Effects

The plan & implementation Downstream effects

Establish Provide Trained Apply it Company Long-run

practical education graduates on the job improves benefits

program or training performance to country

program & economy

A Long Term Perspective

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See S. Redwine and W. Riddle, Software Technology Maturation,

Proc. 8th Intl Conf. Software Eng., IEEE CS Press, 1985, pp. 189200.

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Mary Shaw's Observations

Up to now, 3-to-4 decades of traditionalprograms have not produced enough qualifiedsoftware engineers.

The public, government, and industry wants --and deserves -- to trust software.

Universities must balance the teaching ofenduring principles, with training in current

technology.

See Mary Shaw, Software Engineering Education: A Roadmap,www.cs.cmu.edu/~shaw

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Mary Shaw's Observations

This is very complex.Static, closed-shop models are not sufficient.New system requirements will emerge as the clientsunderstand better both the technology and their ownopportunities.

-Help the clients gain an evolving understanding.-Often, software development must be carried outconcurrently with business re-engineering.

The integration of information technology with

business operations requires software design tocomply with market, regulatory, and policyrequirements.

-These requirements are typically not included inthe requirements from the client.

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Software Engineering Curriculum

Three things for the University to provide forstudents:A excellent core curriculum focused onsoftware engineering.

Practical experience in system development.Opportunity for specialization.

For faculty...

Encourage faculty to engage in projects andresearch, with companies and government.

-To support the program,-to hire the graduates, etc.

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Typical major course of study General IT Part 1 (5 credits)

General IT Part 2 (4) Programming Languages(4)

Data Structure and Algorithms (4)

Computer Architecture and Assembly (4)

Operating Systems (5)

Databases (4) Computer Graphics (4)

Computer Networks (4)

Artificial Intelligence (4)

Analysis & Design (4)

Introduction to Software Engineering (4) Software Project Management (4) Internship or Project (4)

Fine for

Computer Science

Too little,for SoftwareEngineering

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A Practical & Effective Curriculum-- needs many inputs

ACM &IEEE-CS

Curriculum

Guidelines(SE 2004)

Industrystudies

of needed

knowledgeand skills+

Guidelinesfrom

Accreditation

Boards(ABET)

Practical & Effective

Curriculum

+

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Foundational Technical Skills

1. Introduction to Software Engineering Algorithms and data structures, object-oriented,

C++, analysis and measurement

1. Introduction to Information Technology Networks, the Internet, computer architecture

1. Personal Professional Performance PSP, TSP, & Java

1. Requirements Engineering & Project Management

2. Verification (reviews, inspections)

3. Validation (testing)

With this knowledge & skill, students can perform programming

and software testing in teams and in internships in industry.

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Project Management Skills

1. Application Development Practices

2. Requirements Engineering

3. Software Project Management

4. Software Configuration Management

5. Software Measurement & Analysis6. Software Quality Assurance

These courses prepare students for future positions as"technical leader" on projects.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://evm.nasa.gov/images/defcircle.gif&imgrefurl=http://evm.nasa.gov/definition1a.html&h=260&w=263&sz=18&tbnid=0D6UAhqJSycJ:&tbnh=105&tbnw=107&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dearned%2Bvalue%2Bmanagement%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D&oi=imagesr&start=2

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Technical Specialty Skills

1. Software & System Architectures

2. Enterprise Architecture

3. Formal Methods

4. Design Concepts, Methods, & Strategies

5. Interface Design & Integration6. COTS Selection & Integration

7. System Integration Practices 5 mini-projects

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Professional Skills

1. Introduction to Communication

2. Relationship Management

3. Group/Team Dynamics

4. Collaboration Techniques & Tools

5. Process Management6. Quality Management

7. Capstone Design

& Practicum

Advanced technical and professional courses preparestudents as future project managers.

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A Practical 4-year Curriculum

Yr 1 Foundation Technical Skills

Yr 2 Project Management Skills

Yr 3 Specialty Skills

Communication Skills

Practicum

Yr 4 Professional Skills

4Year

s+

1-year, entry-level programming and testing2-year program, future technical team leaders

4-year program, future project managers

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Requirements for FacultyThe Faculty should include people with substantialpractical knowledge and experience.Faculty should interact with students through project-centric activities,e.g., requirements engineering,design, and project management.

Faculty should serve as "mentors" (to guide teams)so that students develop their own skills necessaryfor future work in industry.

Faculty should interact and collaborate with industryand conduct research with industry.

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SummaryTo fully realize the benefits over the long run, and tocreate successful, self-sustaining programs...Use an excellent software engineering curriculum.Engage with industry & government.Give students enduring principles, plus training

with immediate value.Work with Industry and Government, to achievelong-term impact.

Create a knowledge-based software and systemengineering capability, for future development.

We believe this can be applied in Vietnam.

Documents

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