Handbook on Softskills

8/10/2019 Handbook on Softskills

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Hand book on Soft Skills


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Contents

S.No. Topic Page No.

1. Soft Skills 1

2. How to handle interviews 3

3. Common job interview questions 6

4. Tis for !nterview "

#. Su$$ess Tis 1%

6. How to reare for an interview 12

&. 'rou (is$ussion 14

". )anners * )annerism 16

+. ,re -ou to ive a seminar/ Have some tis/ 1"


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1. Soft Skills

,bilit- to e0ress oneself $learl- and $onfidentl- is a ver- imortant ersonalit- trait and this is

iven the hihest imortan$e durin the evaluation ro$ess in re$ruitment. )an- eole fail

miserabl- in this ase$t even thouh the- have ver- stron te$hni$al skills. Communi$ation skills

$an be $ateoried into oral $ommuni$ation skills and written $ommuni$ation skills.

1.1. GOOD ORAL COMMN!CAT!ON S"!LLS

ral $ommuni$ation is ver- imortant for an- rofessional be$ause durin ones $areer ever-

rofessional has to talk to a number of eole of var-in ba$krounds and te$hni$al knowlede.

5e have to talk to the $ustomer to whom we are develoin the software7 in 8nlish. The

$ustomer ma- not be a te$hni$al erson man- times the $ustomer has no knowlede of $omuters

even. 5e also have to intera$t with team members to dis$uss the te$hni$al details durin roje$t

e0e$ution. 5e have to talk to manaers in 9manaement jaron. ,bilit- to talk to a variet- ofeole requires ood oral $ommuni$ation skills. :.C. ;orbes said


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ra$ti$e.

'ood handwritin ma- sometimes outrihtl- sele$t -ou from a mob of students. Same is the $ase

with $ommand of 8nlish lanuae. :ut then if -ou are ood -ou have to e0hibit it before -our

interviewer and later -our boss. !f -ou hesitate or feel sh- how $an an-one know/

(urin interviews ese$iall- durin Camus re$ruitments the $omanies enerall- ask to ive

some information in writin. :etter be reared to write without an- rammati$al and sellin

mistakes in a rofessional manner. 5hen -ou are asked to ive referen$es mention the names of

ersons under whom -ou have either worked or re$eived -our edu$ation or who know -ou

rofessionall-. Students ma- ive the names of la$ement offi$er Head of the (eartment or a

friend or senior workin in a $oman- in a de$ent osition. See that the ersons are rofessional.

(ont ive the names of -our $lassmates or relatives as referen$es )an- eole while writin

letters use what is $alled


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Career bje$tives

80e$tations from the job

=referen$e for la$e of ostin !ndia@abroad7

(etails of )embershis of asso$iations

Sinifi$ant a$hievements and (istinuished honours and awards other interests Cultural sorts

$ommunit- work and hobbies7 5hen did -ou first $ome to know about us and how/ ,n-thin -ou

would like us to know about -ou more/

,n-thin -ou would like to suest to our oraniation/

,n- Three ?eferen$es not related to -ou7.

1./. PRO-L%M SOL!NG A-!L!T!%S AND LOG!CAL TH!N"!NG

)ost of the oraniations $ondu$t atitude tests for s$reenin the ali$ations of jobseekers.

=erhas atitude tests reveal the roblem solvin abilities of the individual thouh it is a debatable

issue. raniation of Thouhts is imortant not answer.

=roblem solvin abilities are a$quired while workin on develoment roje$ts. , software

develoer en$ounters roblems of var-in nature while e0e$utin a roje$t. To think of various

alternatives to solve the roblem and de$ide whi$h is the best solution are the abilities that $ome

throuh e0erien$e.

The questions $ould be 5hat is the $aa$it- of this hall/ 5hat. is the aro0imate volume of this

room/ 5hat is -our weiht in ewtons or ounds/ 5hat $ould be the weiht of this buildin/

5hat is -our volume in litres/ 5hat $ould be the weiht of a $it- bus or ?ajadhani e0ress/

Some of the famous questions asked b- )i$rosoft interviewers durin re$ruitment of software

develoers areI How mu$h water flows in the )ississii ?iver/ How man- as stations etrol

bunks7 are there in -our state/ How man- $ars ma- be found in -our $it-/ The e0a$t answer is not

imortant but the aroa$h to solve the roblem is imortant.

ften the roblem is 1%%> new to -ouB !t is a deadl- uleB !n atitude tests if there are noneative marks answer all the questions under an- $ir$umstan$es. , ;A ma- be defined as one

who does not answer all the questions even thouh there are no neative marks for itB

1.0. GOOD NDAM%NTAL "NO$L%DG%

Jou should have a sound knowlede in atleast one or two se$ifi$ fields rather than overall

eriheral knowlede. (ont tr- to $redit -ourself with doubtful or unearned oints while

answerin in an interview. 'ood fundamental knowlede and hard work are the ke-s to ain the

abilit- of learnin fast. !t is not ossible to join a s$hool for learnin ever- tool and te$hnique and

hen$e one has to also develo tl1e habit of self learnin.

5hile stud-in -ou need to be $urious like a $at that $an sot out the milk even ifit is ket in a


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remote $omer of the house. ,lso for new thins to learn there must be a $onstant sear$h like an

ant that takes $ontrol of

suar $r-stals wherever the- fall within a short time. These are the ke-s of sound fundamental

knowlede..

1.2. ADAPTA-!L!T3 AND A-!L!T3 TO L%ARN N%$ T%CHNOLOG!%S AST

Jou should have interest in uradin knowlede as Software field is $hanin raidl- so raidl-

that skills a$quired after months of hard work and trainin be$ome obsolete in another few

months. ne has to $ultivate the habit of learnin the required tools ver- fast. 5hen one has to

shift from one tool to another one has to start usin the new tool settin aside earlier tools

knowlede.


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#.#. T&e G)o*nd'o)k+ !n an interview -ou are sellin -ourself a ro$ess -ou bean when -ou

submitted -our ali$ation form or Curri$ulum Litae CL7. !t is no loner a matter of just needin

the riht qualifi$ations or e0erien$e althouh these ase$ts will la- their art -ou now have to

demonstrate that -ou also have the enthusiasm motivation and $ommitment the interviewers are

lookin for. ,s a means of sele$tion interviews are not without drawba$ks but the- invariabl-$ontinue to be oular.

5hat to take with -ou for the interviewI 8ven if these are not se$ifi$all- requested it is a ood

idea to take these with -ouI i7 s$hool $ertifi$ates ii7 re$ord of a$hievements after s$hool iii7

e0amles of artwork or te$hni$al drawins roje$ts@ublished aers where aroriate.

Take with -ou an-thin whi$h is relevant and suorts -our ali$ation. ,ll this should be

$hronoloi$all- arraned in a file. Aet the file be of sober hue and not arishl- atterned@$oloured.

#.,. P)epa)ation+ ,art from lookin ood at the interview -ou should also be able to show that

-ou are interested not onl- in the job that is on offer but the firm@$oman- whi$h is offerin it.

Carr- out resear$h to find out about the stru$ture and rodu$ts and servi$es of the oraniationK to

find out where the job fits into the oraniational setu and to dis$over as mu$h as ossible about

the job itself. Thorouh ba$kround rearation will boost -our $onfiden$e it hels $on$entrate

-our mind on wh- -ou have alied for that arti$ular job@osition and it imroves -our $han$es

of su$$ess.

!n a standa)d inte)5ie' 7o* s&o*ld be p)epa)ed to tackle 8*estions f)o( t&ese a)ea+

i7 ;amil- E these hel the interviewer to see -ou as a $omlete ersonK

ii7 S$hool and $ollee substantiate with do$umentsK

iii7 Hobbies and interests outside s$hool or $ollee E reveal motivational drives or attitude to workK

other ersonalit- $hara$teristi$sK

iv7 5ork e0erien$e E su$h questions reveals motivational drives enthusiasm towards trainin

attitude towards work and authorit- abilit- to $oe and flourish within the work oraniationK

v7 'oals for -ou resonses -ou are e0e$ted to draw uon -our values interests and to skills.

#./. Pe)sonal p)esentation+ !f there is a time when first imressions $ount then it is undoubtedl-

when -ou o for an interview. Jours interviewers sees -ou before seakin to -ou and have

alread- formed an imression before the interview starts. (ont aear with wildl- st-led hair or

unrul- un$ombed hair latest mirror lenses batbreath arish makeu dirt- or raed finer nails.

Choose formal $lothes that are neat tid- $lean and well fittin. o desiner names or brand

names are not imortant at all. Deans Tshirts are out. Aet -our shoes $omlement -our outfit bein

both $lean and well maintained. )ake sure that -ou feel $omfortable and $onfident in the outfit

-ou have $hosen E $he$k out the fit before de$idin. ,lwa-s be ra$ti$al E take a $oat or rain$oat

and umbrella to kee -ou warm and dr- or both. Deweller- should be ket to the minimum no

diital wat$hes@mobile hone@aer that bee. Clean fabri$ handker$hief to $oe with sneees.


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=erfume aftershave to be as unobtrusive as ossible and use a less erfumed deodorant.

As 7o* ente)+5alk forward $onfidentl- bod- straiht head u. Smile and be reared to shake

hands briefl- but ositivel- if -our interviewer offers to shake -our not otherwise. Sit straiht but

in a rela0ed $omfortable osition kee -our hands rela0ed referabl- in -our la )aintain oode-e $onta$t with the interviewer as soon as -ou have settled.

#.0. T7pical inte)5ie' 9*estions+These are some frequentl- asked questionsK -ou ma- be asked

all some or ossibl- onl- a few of them. Dust o throuh these and reare in writin the answers

-ou would like to ive.

$&at a)e 7o*) st)engt&s:+ !dentif- areas where -ou erform best tr- to mat$h these with the

skills required for the job @ rofessional roramme that -ou have alied for7.

$&at a)e 7o*) 'eaknesses:+ Sti$k to minor fa$tual roblems whi$h $an be remedied b- addin a

ositive rider to -our answer.

Ho' 'o*ld 7o* desc)ibe 7o*)self:+Con$entrate on the des$rition of the erson bein souht

and tr- to ut forward a i$ture of -ourself to mat$h as $lose to that as ossible. :ut -ou need to be

honestK make the most of -our ood oints but dont make them unbelievable.

;Do 7o* &a5e plans fo) additional ed*cation+;Here the interviewer is tr-in to find out whether

-ou see this line of work as art of a lonterm $ommitment as oosed to stoa measure. !f

-ou do have lans for additional edu$ation be se$ifi$ about what -ou want to learn and how an

emlo-er $ould ossibl- benefit.

$&at 'e)e 7o*) fa5o*)ite s*b


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5ho has been the reatest influen$e in -our life and wh-/

5hat do -ou think has been -our reatest a$hievement/

5hat is the reatest hurdle that -ou have $rossed/

!n answerin questions on an- of the above or related areas remember to $on$entrate on the

ositive if -ou have e0erien$ed diffi$ulties then own u to them show how -ou have over$omethem learnt from them ideall- take advantae of mo$k interviews to evaluate -our rearation. !n

the absen$e of a formal mo$k interview -ou $an alwa-s ask friends or relatives to a$t as

interviewers but this is ver- mu$h the se$ondbest otion sin$e the- ma- feel sill- or embarrassed.

:ut -ou $an $omensate b- develoin -our owers of selfobservation. Cons$iousl- ra$tise

other wa-s of standin or seakin b- reviewin throuh a mirror imae and tae re$order. :ein

videoed under mo$k interview $onditions is of $ourse an unbeatable learnin e0erien$e.

#.2. SOM% DON>TS+

,t an interview do not ut -ourself in a osition where -ou have to lie or sa- -ou dont know or

blame someone else for a failure or shru -our shoulders. 8ven if this is true dont sa- -ou $ame

for 9the mone-. Tr- not to ut -ourself in a bad liht without sa-in somethin ositive to

$omensate.

Al'a7s s&o'+ Jou have valid reasons for -our answers. Jou are honest and oen with -our

relies.

T&e e?itE should be a stunninl- ood one. The wa- -ou leave is just as imortant as the wa- -ou

enter.

Steps to an effecti5e e?it+ ather toether the items -ou brouht with -ou ensure -ou have a tihtri on them.

Stand u and straihten -our $lothes.

Shake hands with -our interviewers if this is e0e$ted.

Thank the interviewers for their time.

Smile

)ake -our e0it b- E stoin at the door turnin smilin and thankin aain leavin

$losin the door quietl- behind -ou.

Re(e(be)+ , ood interviewer will be lookin forI

Mualifi$ations

80erien$e

)otivation

=ersonalit-

,dditional or transferable skills

Jour interviewer will also be lookin for sins that -ou are interested attentive $ommuni$ative

keen and most imortant of all be able to show -ou have that 9somethin e0tra. !n the overall

anal-sis of an interview a ood interviewer sums -ou u on several fronts at on$e b-I

Jour answers to fa$tual questionsK

How -ou answered these questionsK


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How -ou resonded to questions desined to en$ourae -ou to 9sell -ourselfI

:- -our overall demeanourI

,earan$e awareness de$isiveness oliteness humour oenness and so on.

=*st befo)e+ The niht before and the da- of the interview $lose -our e-es for a few minutes.

Create a i$ture in -our mind of the interviewK i$ture -ourself rela0ed and $onfident resondinto questions and askin questions of -our own. Sea -ourself ettin u to leave the interview and

the interviewer sa-in e0a$tl- what -ou want to be said. Aiterall- imaine the words -ou will hear

from the interviewer. :elieve me it worksB )ake sure -ou have $lear dire$tions to the interview

lo$ationthe busroutes@suburban train links et$. and @ or landmarksand lan to arrive a few

minutes earl-. Gse -our e0tra time to assess the atmoshere talk with a re$etionist $he$k out the

ubli$ations in the room or o throuh the da-s newsaers and i$k u an- ba$kround

information -ou $an.

! am sure that -ou $an see that rearation is -our best all- when handlin a standard interview.

Jou $an alwa-s make thins better for -ourself b- usin an-time -ou have before the interview to

do -our homework for -ourself and the emlo-ers needs. 8ven if -ou are doin a series of

interviews on the same theme reare for ea$h one as thouh it were the onl- one. 5hi$hever wa-

the interview ends alwa-s tr- to leave a favourable imression behind.

#.@. Ho' to *se t&e inte)5ie' %?pe)ience+ ,s -ou leave the interview room -ou $ould be

e0erien$in all sorts of rea$tions from e0hilaration and e0$itement to the deeest desair or a

sense of anti$lima0. )ake an effort not to waste the valuable time immediatel- after -our

e0erien$e. Tr- to use the e0erien$e as a sour$e of learnin to erform better in future.

#.. Reasons fo) 7o* to take stock of '&at &appened as soon as possible afte) t&e inte)5ie'+

To hel -ou to fi0 events ersonalities and fa$ts asso$iated with this one firml- in -our

mind for more interviews.

Jou will be able to $ome u with the reasons@areas that une0e$tedl- let -ou down and

need workin on or whi$h -ou handled well and need rememberin.

To be $ertain that -ou have enouh information to de$ide whether to a$$et the job if it

were offered to -ou.

!f thins went reall- badl- reviewin what haened hels -ou to work throuh -our

tension and if done thorouhl- and obje$tivel- should rovide ositive ointers on how to

handle the ne0t interview differentl- and to better effe$t.

!f -ou thouht that to shine at interviews -ou just turn u in -our best outfit look imma$ulatel-roomed smile shake hands in a ositive manner are enouh -ou now know better. !t is true that

initiall- interviewers ma- be imressed b- a ood turnout hen$e -our ersonal resentation as in

$lothes and aearan$e are imortant to make a ositive first imression. :ut this is onl- art of

the stor-. To raise -our $han$es above the rest -ou have to show -ou have that e0tra se$ial

somethin. The mai$ inredient for this is thorouh rearation.

,. COMMON =O- !NT%R!%$ 9%ST!ONS

:- rehearsin interview questions -oull be$ome more familiar with -our own qualifi$ations and

will be well reared to demonstrate how -ou $an benefit an emlo-er.Some examples:


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4 ;Tell (e abo*t 7o*)self.;

)ake a short oranied statement of -our edu$ation and rofessional a$hievements and

rofessional oals. Then briefl- des$ribe -our qualifi$ations for the job and the

$ontributions -ou $ould make to the oraniation

4 ;$&7 do 7o* 'ant to 'o)k &e)e:; o) ;$&at abo*t o*) co(pan7 inte)ests 7o*:;

;ew questions are more imortant than these so it is imortant to answer them $learl- and

with enthusiasm. Show the interviewer -our interest in the $oman-. Share what -ou

learned about the job the $oman- and the industr- throuh -our own resear$h. Talk about

how -our rofessional skills will benefit the $oman-. Gnless -ou work in sales -our

answer should never be siml-I

-ou have worked in both situations.

N


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the oals -ou have set for -ourself

4 ;$&at a)e 7o*) &obbies:; and ;Do 7o* pla7 an7 spo)ts:;

The interviewer ma- be lookin for eviden$e of -our job skills outside of -our rofessionale0erien$e ;or e0amle hobbies su$h as $hess or bride demonstrate anal-ti$al skills

?eadin musi$ and aintin are $reative hobbies !ndividual sorts show determination

and stamina while rou sort a$tivities ma- indi$ate -ou are $omfortable workin as art

of a team.

,lso the interviewer miht siml- be $urious as to whether -ou have a life outside of work

8mlo-ees who have $reative or athleti$ outlets for their stress are often healthier haier

and more rodu$tive

4 ;$&at sala)7 a)e 7o* e?pecting:;

Jou robabl- dont want to answer this one dire$tl-. !nstead defle$t the question ba$k to

the interviewer b- sa-in somethin likeI

the best $andidate/< Aet the emlo-er make the first offer.

However it is still imortant to know what the $urrent salar- rane is for the rofession

;ind salar- surve-s at the librar- or on the !nternet and $he$k the $lassifieds to see what

$omarable jobs in -our area are a-in This information $an hel -ou neotiate

$omensation on$e the emlo-er makes an offer.

4 ;$&at &a5e ! fo)gotten to ask:;

Gse this as a $han$e to summarie -our ood $hara$teristi$s and attributes and how the-

ma- be used to benefit the oraniation. Convin$e the interviewer that -ou understand the

job requirements and that -ou $an su$$eed.

Here are some other job interview questions -ou miht want to rehearse.

3o*) 9*alifications

5hat $an -ou do for us that someone else $ant do/

5hat qualifi$ations do -ou have that relate to the osition/

5hat new skills or $aabilities have -ou develoed re$entl-/

'ive me an e0amle from a revious job where -ouve shown initiative

5hat have been -our reatest a$$omlishments re$entl-/

5hat is imortant to -ou in a job/


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5hat motivates -ou in -our work/

5hat have -ou been doin sin$e -our last job/

5hat qualities do -ou find imortant in a $oworker/

3o*) Ca)ee) Goals

5hat would -ou like to bein doin five -ears from now/

How will -ou jude -ourself su$$essful/ How will -ou a$hieve su$$ess/

5hat t-e of osition are -ou interested in/

How will this job fit in -our $areer lans/

5hat do -ou e0e$t from this job/

(o -ou have a lo$ation referen$e/

Can -ou travel/

5hat hours $an -ou work/

5hen $ould -ou start/

3o*) $o)k %?pe)ience

5hat have -ou learned from -our ast jobs/

5hat were -our biest resonsibilities/

5hat se$ifi$ skills a$quired or used in revious jobs relate to this osition/

How does -our revious e0erien$e relate to this osition/

5hat did -ou like most@least about -our last job/

5hom ma- we $onta$t for referen$es/

3o*) %d*cation

How do -ou think -our edu$ation has reared -ou for this osition/

5hat were -our favourite $lasses@a$tivities at s$hool/

5h- did -ou $hoose -our major/


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(o -ou lan to $ontinue -our edu$ation/

/. Tips OR !nte)5ie'+

Here are some Tis@'uidelines that miht hel -ou reare for a ood interviewI ,rrive on time.

:e un$tual and attentive. Take -our seat onl- when -ou are asked to take. !ntrodu$e -ourself. Gse

ositive vo$al qualities and fa$ial e0ressions. Sit attentivel- to demonstrate -our interest and

enthusiasm.

:rin alon a wat$h en and a ad of aer for takin notes. (ont kee a urse ke- $hain loose

aers et$ in -our o$kets if -ou $an it ma- detra$t from -our rofessional imae. ,lwa-s take a

few e0tra $oies of -our resumeB (ont kee -our belonins like ;iles on the table. Fee them

onl- on -our la until -oure asked to use the table.

Lerbal Communi$ation SkillsI Aisten $arefull- to what is bein asked and answer the question. ,sk

for $larifi$ation if -ou dont understand the question. Sa- 9=ardon me Sir or 980$use me Sir.

'ive $lear $on$ise answers. Gse roer rammar. :e se$ifi$ refer to $on$rete e0erien$es. (ont

ask about salar- and benefits until the emlo-er brins u the subje$t. (ont take an- interview

ver- $asuall-. (ont talk to the interviewer the wa- -ou talk to an- of -our friends.

OTH%RS+

,nswer for a few ver- $ommonl- asked questions like introdu$e -ourself famil-

ba$kround $ontribution to so$iet- et$. -ourself re$ord them and hear them aain andaain to refine -our skills.

!f -ouve a oint to be $onve-ed sta- with the main oint and inore the unimortant ones.

O Think about what an emlo-er wants to know and reare e0amles.

=reare a strate- for ever- interviewK make sure -ou share the information that -ou feel is

most aroriate and relevant. :e se$ifi$ and kee to the oint. (ont brin u e0traneous

matters.

,sk aroriate and well thouhtout questions. (ont e0e$t an offer on the sot.

Talk a bit then ause. The ause indi$ates that now it is time for the other u- to talk.

)an- times we $ome out of interviews thinkin the- were erfe$t. ,nd then we wait for the job

offer but it never haens. , few $alls later -ou et the hint that the re$ruiter is not interested or issiml- avoidin -ou r in larer oraniations -ou ma- et a reret letter. !ts natural to feel

disaointed but at the same time its imortant to refle$t on the interview and anal-e it aain.

)ake it an oortunit- to learn from -our mistakes r understand that interviews are not onewa-

situations.

! went to a showroom to ur$hase a $ar. ! found )aruti ;ord )er$edes :en To-ota ;iat

,mbassador Santro and what not finall- sele$ted )aruti "%% and $ame out drivin it. This deal

does not mean that )er$edes :en or ;ord or ;iat is not ood. The- ma- be far better than )aruti

but were not sele$ted b- me. 'ot itB Jou also ma- be like that for a few $omaniesB

,ttitude =roblemsI Sometimes $andidates ma- $ome a$ross as arroant and


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be self$entered $andidates $annot. :e a ood listener be $ourteous and $urious with a leasant

fa$e throuhout while hearin. Sometimes the interviewer tries to e0lain about their $oman-

their roje$ts their s$holarl- a$hievements et$. whi$h ma- be ver- well known to -ou. Dust listen

to him $ourteousl- with a smile but never nod -our head imatientl- and never sa- 9! know it Sir

9! know ! know or 9k..k..k..F 9!f -ou sa- so it as bad as sa-in 9! know it all Sir Jou areborin me =lease sto it SirB Similarl- dont $riti$ie the revious $oman- or the eole -ou

worked with. :admouthin others makes -ou look ul- bod- and sirit.

(o ?esear$h on :a$kroundI Fnow somethin about the job $oman- or industr- rior to the

interview Lisit the librar- or use the !nternet to resear$h the $oman- then talk with friends

seniors and other rofessionals about the oortunit- before interview.

ot Havin Muestions to ,skI ,skin questions shows -our interest in the $oman- and the job.

=reare a list of intellient questions in advan$e. See that the questions have fewer words sa-

ma0imum 1% words.

/.1. Not Readil7 "no'ing t&e Ans'e)s to !nte)5ie'e)>s 9*estions+'enerall- questions whi$h

-ou $an answer easil- onl- will be asked. Comanies send hue amounts on re$ruitin ersonnel

and therefore $ondu$t interviews onl- to sele$t not to reje$t. ,lso the- want -ou to be in a ver-

rela0ed mood so that -ou $an e0ress -our thouhts and ideas freel-. That is wh- questions like

!ntrodu$e -ourself 5hat about -our famil- ba$kround 5ho is -our favourite $ine hero et$. are

first asked. !f -ou $an answer these standard questions well -ou are a free man to ive -our

answers $onfidentl-. ,lso when a question is asked ive a ause think and tell. (ont ive an

instantaneous answer even if -ouve a read-made answer. The inter viewer wants to know how

-ou think how -ou formulate -our resonses and how -ou relate thins. 5hat will he do with the

answer/ raniation of thouhts is imortant not the answer.

Too )u$h Humilit-I Candidates are sometimes relu$tant to des$ribe their a$$omlishments.

80lainin how -ou rea$h diffi$ult or imressive oals hels emlo-ers understand what -ou $an

do for them. So reiterate -our skills and $onvin$e the emlo-ers understand what -ou $an do for

them.

Handlin Salar- !ssuesI Candidates often ask about salar- and benefits too earl-. !f the- believe

and emlo-er is interested the- ma- demand inaroriate amounts and soil their oortunities.

Candidates who ask for too little undervalue themselves or aear deserate. Gse a little ta$t.

Fnow when its riht to talk mone-. ,nd avoid showin how mu$h -ou want the job to the oint of

undersellin -ourself.

Aa$k of Career (ire$tionI Dob hunters who are not $lear about their $areer oals reveal their la$k of

dire$tion and their inabilit- to $ontribute to the rowth of the oraniation.

0. SCC%SS T!PS

#0 Tips fo) s*ccessf*l !nte)5ie'ing

The job interviewin stae of -our job sear$h is the most $riti$al. Jou $an make or break -our

$han$e of bein hired in the short amount of time it takes to be interviewed. ,n-one $an learn to

interview well however and most mistakes $an be anti$iated and $orre$ted. Aearn the followin


16/30

to 2# interviewin te$hniques to ive -ou that winnin ede.

1. :rin e0tra $oies of -our resume to the interview. othin shows less rearation and

readiness than bein asked for another $o- of -our resume and not havin one. Come

reared with e0tra $oies of -our resume. Jou ma- be asked to interview with more thanone erson and it demonstrates rofessionalism and rearedness to anti$iate needin

e0tra $oies

2. (ress $onservativel- and rofessionall-. Jou $an establish -our uniqueness throuh

other wa-s but what -ou wear to an interview $an make a tremendous differen$e. !t is

better to overdress than under dress. Jou $an how ever wear the same $lothes to see

different eole.

3. :e aware of -our bod- lanuae. Tr- to look alert enereti$ and fo$used on the

interviewer. )ake e-e $onta$t. onverball- this $ommuni$ates that -ou are interested in

the individual.

4. ;irst@last imressions. The first and last five minutes of the interview are the most

imortant to the interview. !t is durin this time that $riti$al first and lastin imressions are

made and the interviewer de$ides whether or not the- like -ou. Communi$ate ositive

behaviors durin the first five minutes and be sure -ou are remembered when -ou leave.

#. ;ill out $oman- ali$ations $omletel- even if -ou have a resume. 8ven thouh -ou

have brouht a $o- of -our resume man- $omanies require a $omleted ali$ation.

Jour willinness to $omlete one and -our thorouhness in doin so will $onve- a reat

deal about -our rofessionalism and abilit- to follow throuh.

6. ?emember that the urose of ever- interview is to et an offer. Jou must suffi$ientl-

imress -our interviewer both rofessionall- and ersonall- to be offered the job. ,t the

end of the interview make sure -ou know what the ne0t ste is and when the emlo-er

e0e$ts to make a de$ision.

&. Gnderstand emlo-ers needs. =resent -ourself as someone who $an reall- add value to

an oraniation. Show that -ou $an fit into the work environment.

". :e likeable. :e enthusiasti$. =eole love to hire individuals who are eas- to et alon

with and who are e0$ited about their $oman-. :e rofessionalK -et demonstrate -ourinterest and ener-.

+. )ake sure -ou have the riht skills. Fnow -our $ometition. How do -ou $omare with

-our eers in edu$ation e0erien$e trainin salar- and $areer roression/ )ention the

thins -ou know how to do reall- well. The- are the ke-s to -our ne0t job.

1%. (isla- abilit- to work hard to ursue an oraniations oals. ,ssume that most

interviewers need to sele$t someone who will fit into their oraniation well in terms of

both rodu$tivit- and ersonalit-. Jou must $onfirm that -ou are both a rodu$tive and

ersonable individual b- stressin -our benefits for the emlo-er.

11. )arket all of -our strenths. !t is imortant to market -ourself in$ludin -our te$hni$al


17/30

qualifi$ations eneral skills and e0erien$es as well as ersonal traits. ?e$ruiters $are

about two thins $redentials and ersonalit-. Can -ou do the job based on ast

erforman$e and will -ou fit in with the $ororate $ulture/ Talk about -our ositive

ersonalit- traits and ive e0amles of how -ou demonstrate ea$h one on the job

12. 'ive definitive answers and se$ifi$ results. 5henever -ou make a $laim of -our

a$$omlishments it will be more believable and better remembered if -ou $ite se$ifi$

e0amles and suort for -our $laims Tell the inter viewer somethin about business

situations where -ou a$tuall- used this skill and elaborate on the out$ome. :e se$ifi$.

13. (ont be afraid to admit mistakes. 8mlo-ers want to know what mistakes -ou have

made and what is wron with -ou. (ont be afraid to admit makin mistakes in the ast

but $ontinuousl- stress -our ositive qualities as well and how -ou have turned neatives

into ositive traits.

14. ?elate stories or e0amles that heihten -our ast e0erien$e. =ast erforman$e is thebest indi$ator of future erforman$e. !f -ou were su$$essful at one $oman- odds are -ou

$an su$$eed at another. :e read- to sell -our own features and benefits in the interview.

1#. Fnow ever-thin about -our otential emlo-er before the interview. Customie -our

answers as mu$h as ossible in terms of the needs of the emlo-er. This requires that -ou

$omlete resear$h before the interview about the $oman- its $ustomers and the work

-ou anti$iate doin. Talk in the emlo-ers lanuae

16. ?ehearse and ra$ti$e interview questions before the interview. =rior to -our interview

tr- to a$tuall- ra$ti$e the t-es of questions and answers -ou ma- be asked. 8ven if -oudo not anti$iate all of the questions the ro$ess of thinkin them throuh will hel -ou

feel less stressed and more reared durin the interview itself.

1&. Fnow how to resond to touh questions. The majorit- of questions that -ou will be

asked $an be anti$iated most of the time. There are alwa-s however those e0$etional

ones tailored to throw -ou off uard and to see how -ou erform under ressure. Jour best

strate- is to be reared sta- $alm $olle$t -our thouhts and resond as $learl- as

ossible.

1". Translate -our strenths into jobrelated lanuae of a$$omlishments and benefits

relevant to the needs of emlo-ers. 5hile -ou no doubt have se$ifi$ strenths and skillsrelated to the osition stress the benefits -ou are likel- to rovide to the emlo-er.

5henever ossible ive e0amles of -our strenths that relate to the lanuae and needs

of the emlo-er.

1+. !dentif- -our strenths and what -ou enjo- doin. Skills that -ou enjo- doin are the

ones that are most likel- to brin benefit to an emlo-er. =rior to the interview know what

it is that -ou enjo- doin most and what benefits that brins to -ou and -our emlo-er.

2%. Fnow how -ou $ommuni$ate verball- to others. Stron verbal $ommuni$ations skills

are hihl- valued b- most emlo-ers. The- are sins of edu$ated and $ometent

individuals. Fnow how -ou $ommuni$ate and ra$ti$e with others to determine if -ou are


18/30

resentin -ourself in the best ossible liht.

21. (ont arrive on time arrive earl-B o matter how s-matheti$ -our interviewer ma-

be to the fa$t that there was an a$$ident on the freewa- it is virtuall- imossible to

over$ome a neative first imression. (o whatever it takes to be on time in$ludinallowin e0tra time for une0e$ted emeren$ies.

22. Treat ever-one -ou meet as imortant to the interview. )ake sure -ou are $ourteous to

ever-one -ou $ome in $onta$t with no matter who the- are or what their osition. The

oinion of ever-one $an be imortant to the interview ro$ess.

23. ,nswer questions with $omlete senten$es and with substan$e. ?emember that -our

interviewer is tr-in to determine what substan$e -ou would brin to the $oman- and the

osition. ,void answerin the questions asked with simle


19/30

(o review -our strenths before ever- interview and adat them as needed for ea$h

rose$tive emlo-er.

Sa- 9we 9us or 9ur instead of 9! 9me or 9the-. Aet -our words show that -ou like

-our resent job -our $olleaues and the emlo-ers and their oli$ies. Joure otin this

$oman- for -our betterment not be$ause -ouve roblems with -our resent emlo-er.

(ont et hun u on the a$tual wordin of a question. ;o$us instead on what qualities andO< e0erien$es are bein souht.

(ont be thrown b- questions off the subje$t of the job. ,skin about -our thouhts on

$urrent events or about -our hobbies $an -ield valuable information for the interviewer and

add a human dimension to the interview.

:e dire$t. ever be evasive or hesitant. !f a question makes -ou un$omfortable answer it

dire$tl- while resentin -ourself in the best ossible manner.

:e atient. o matter how tedious the interview ma- be tr- to s $ooerative.

(o $olle$t -our thouhts before seakin avoid unne$essaril- qui$k resonses.

(ont ever be neative. Gnless -ou are se$ifi$all- asked about su$h subje$ts su$h as

death illness a$$ident or failure. ,lso dont seak ill of an- erson la$e or thin.

:e oriinal. !f -oure like someone else what do the- need -ou for/

2.1. T&e T)ickiest 9*estions+ !n some rese$ts no one interview question is an- more or less

diffi$ult than the ne0t. !f -ou follow the above uidelines and o into an interview equied with

fo$us on -our strenths -ou should be able to handle an- question with alomb.

Tell me about -ourselfI


20/30

this question $ould be

, dire$t aroa$h to this question is usuall- the best aroa$h. !t will also have the added benefit

of ettin the emlo-ers $ometitive jui$es flowin when -ou sound like -ou are in demand. :e

frank enouh to mention the oraniations for whi$h -ou alied@aeared for interview. There is

nothin wron in lettin the interviewer know that he has to $omete with others for himB

sa-in that -ou have la$ed reliminar- $alls to a human resour$es reresentative who told -ou

that some oenin miht e0ist and that -ou should send in -our resume and the- will $all -ou ma-be f $ourse if -ou are not interviewin an-where else be$ause -ou are not in an a$tive sear$h

-ou $an siml- sa- so.

6.7. Wha is your salary expe!aion?

Jou robabl- know not to brin u the issue of salar- in a first interview and also not in

subsequent interviews until an offer is made to -ou !nterviewers dont alwa-s live b- the same

rules and -ou miht find -ourself asked oint blank what salar- -ou are e0e$tin.

,void statin an- re$ise amount but dont avoid the question entirel-. Sa- somethin like know

that m- salar- needs are in line with t-i$al $omensation for t-e of osition7 in an oraniationof this sie. ,nd ! am $onfident we will be able to $ome to an areement on an aroriate

$omensation a$kae but ! would rather not dis$uss se$ifi$s until ! have a $han$e to know more

about the osition and until -ou know more about what ! have to offer.ts

Chanin -our oinion on the toi$ in between the dis$ussion is not re$ommended as it shows

-our limited knowlede base. !f -ou $ant sti$k to -our oinion for 1# minutes it uts a question

mark on -our de$isionmakin abilit-.

(eviatin from the toi$I Takin an un$onventional stand on the toi$ without roer suort

aruments.

ne to one arument should be avoided with the other arti$iants. !f b- $han$e -ou et involved

in one to one arument ver- dilomati$all- tr- to et out of it dire$t senten$es like


24/30

SubrouinsI form a art of 23 eole and then start dis$ussin amon -ourselvesK breakin u

the toi$ should be avoidedK all the oints should be soken to the rou.

@./. Case st*d7

Jou ma- be iven a rinted $ase stud- and some time to read the $ase and then dis$uss it. There

ma- be questions or it ma- be an oen ended $ase. Case studies normall- ertain to standard

business situations and ma- have lot of statisti$s. Thus the evaluator attemts to e0amine the

$omrehension and anal-sis ower of the ali$ants aart from other skills.

Aast few se$ondsI !f -ou feel that -ou havent ot enouh $han$e to seak then make ever- effort

to seak some sensible oints before the battle is over. ,$tuall- its a ver- tense battle for a ver-

short time in whi$h ressure to erform is hih. There are no eneral rules for a rou dis$ussion

so a lot of fle0ibilit- is required to win this battle.

@.0. T&e "e7 fo) s*ccess+

a7 =ra$ti$e in simulated '(s and imrove on -our weak area rearin -ourself for all situations.

b7 ?eadin referabl- a wide rane of toi$s.

$7 )ental rearationI understand -our st-le in a rou and how -ou $ome a$ross as a seaker then

be mentall- reared to use ever- se$ond durin the rou dis$ussion.

.Manne)s and Manne)is(s

ften we are unaware of our mannerisms. Some $annot be identified easil- while some are

reasonable and a$$etable but some mannerisms irritate others and refle$t badl- on our

ersonalit-. Some of su$h manner isms@bad habits areI

1. )akin noise while walkin drinkin or eatin or -awnin or sleein or brushin and mouth

washin. Gnket hair shows an unrul- head. Chaals show -our feet the lowliest arts of -our

bod-. Aoose shirt and loose dresses are alwa-s unrul-. , buffoonish walkin st-le with over

bendin does not reresent humilit- or obedien$e but shows la$k of $onfiden$e. !nde$ent

mannerisms irritate one and all and make -ou a 9buffoon. , serious fa$e with no smile on it

reminds nothin but a dead bod-.

2. Sa- 9Hi with a leasant smile even to the unknown the GS wa-. !f -oure oin to do it

tomorrow wh- not toda- in -our own $ountr- with -our own $ountr-men/

3. (ont make noise with the soon. ,void dis$ussions while eatin. (ont oen -our mouth to talk

while $hewin an. Fee -our late neat while dinin. Some eole eat so badl- that others do

not feel like sta-in there. Jour dinin late should not aear like a warfieldB7 Gsin shirt or

dhoti or sari instead of a handker$hief. Couhin and sneein in the oen without usin a

handker$hief.

4. 8nterin someones offi$e or house without seekin ermission. 8ven if the doors are oen one

must kno$k the door before ettin in. 5hile enterin as well as while leavin the room walkstraiht stand straiht and sit straiht. ,lso dont look here and there while enterin as well as


25/30

leavin the room. ver bendin reresents overhumilit- a weakness. !t shows la$k of $onfiden$e.

#. ot ivin a firm handshake or s$rat$hin others hand durin the handshake. ;or a friendl-

hand shake -ou should alwa-s resent an enereti$ livel- hand never a dead hanin hand.7

5hile ivin a handshake look into his@her e-es not at others.

6. !nstead of lookin into the e-es with a leasant smile some eole look at others or talk to

others. Jou $an do it onl- if -ouve a squint. therwise alwa-s look into the e-es leasantl-

while talkin.7

&. fferin water fruits books or an- arti$le with a left hand or re$eivin. with a left hand.

". )aintain ood ostures while sittin standin walkin and even sleein. !t also kees ones

mind and bod- a$tive bold and $onfident. )ovin les like a simle endulum while sittin and

la-in with hair while listenin are ver- $ommon bad features.

+. ?aisin e-ebrows while askin or enquirin somethin or Closin e-es frequentl- in awkward

manner.

1%. )an- eole des$ribe their ersonal roblems in detail irrese$tive of the $onte0t like

9-esterda- ! had four bi vomitin and five blood- motions. (urin the lun$h or dinner also he

wont hesitate in not $hanin his filth- toi$ 9! dont take si$- food toda- as !m sufferin from

vomitin and d-senter-. ! am ettin vomitin sensation even on seein these $urries and this

sambar.

11. ot listenin with $uriosit- and $ourtes-. 5hile listenin some eole aear bored ande0ress their restlessness b- Cleanin their e-es S$rat$hin les and head alternativel- Cleanin

ears with a en or ;or$in one $orner of a handker$hief dee into the nose and then al-in

torsion Cleanin se$ta$les with his own shirt or that of the seaker if he is his intimate friend or

Hummin sons loudl- or Jawnin with funn- sounds or Talkin on an entirel- different toi$ or

,skin about $ri$ket s$ore et$. )an- manaers have the habit of talkin or listenin to their

juniors uests and $lients while shufflin and arranin aers look for some do$ument on the

table or talk to se$retar- on hone all simultaneousl-. This $an be hihl- danerous for the

manaer as well as the oraniation. The first ste of su$$ess is listenin. ,s $alled b-

Shakeseare let us not suffer from


26/30

however $lose he@she ma- be to -ou. Tea water or drinks avoid la$in them dire$tl- in the hand.

!f ossible kee them on the table or in the tra- itself. ot that were en$ourain untou$habilit-

but due to the fa$t that durin the hand to hand transa$tion there is ever- ossibilit- of sillin

over on the dressI

:efore leavin the la$e of sittin or standin sa- 980$use me. ;ollow queue s-stem in :uffet. !f

-oure eatin nonveetarian items kee distan$e from the veetarian se$tion. (ont ask for thins

not available like salad i$e$ream an hot water for throat arlin finer bowls new nakins

et$. :e ha- with what is available. (ont ive free advises like

had O rovided withR or

suestion bo0 available.

14. Don>t be too Specific+

(ont be too se$ifi$ and too riid in -our dealins with -our friends and $olleaues. 9=lease $ome

in -ellow =unjabi dress free hair and a red rose when -ou $ome to the ark tomorrow. Some bo-sare too se$ifi$ like that.. 'ive her a $han$e to $ome in her own st-le that suits her the most. 5hat

-ou need is that she should resent herself with a $alm and oen mind. ! know a friend who asked

his wife to wear a bla$k bra for the first nihtB Su$h demands often look sill- and derade -our

ersonalit-.

.AR% 3O TO G!% S%M!NAR: HA% SOM% T!PS

E%?t)acted f)o( pape) ;Ad5ice to -eginning p&7sics speake)s;

b7 =a(es C. Ga)land F

.1. !NTRODCT!ON+

n$e -ou finall- raduate -ou will undoubtedl- find -ourself standin behind a odium.

?emember whenever -ou make an oral resentation -ou are also resentin -ourself.

!f -ou ramble in$oherentl- avoid e-e $onta$t flash illeible transaren$ies on a s$reen and seem

nervous and $onfused then -our $olleaues are not onl- oin to be irritated at havin their time

wasted the- are also oin to question -our abilit- to do -our job.

However if -ou resent -our ideas $learl- and ersuasivel- with selfassuran$e and skill -ou will

$ome a$ross as a reasonable orderl- erson who has rese$t for the audien$e and a $lear insihtful

mind.

$it& t&is t&o*g&t in (indB &e)e a)e a fe' g*idelines to point 7o* in t&e )ig&t di)ection.

.#. T!PS

1. P)esentation+

The most $ommon error is to la- onl- to the e0erts the rationable bein that the e0erts


27/30

oinions matter the most and that ever-one else in the audien$e will at least leave thinkin -oure a

$lever erson.

Wrong, If you make your talk so technical that only a few can understand it, your audience will

resent you not only for wasting their time but also for violating the implicit contract that a speakerhas with the audience to always be clear and understandable.

#. !nt)od*ction of t&e topic+

80erien$ed seakers enerall- devote the first half or twothirds of a resentation to a $areful

introdu$tion of the toi$ and save the hihl- te$hni$al material for the last few minutes. !n this

wa- the beinners $an understand a sinifi$ant art of the resentation and the e0erts will learn

some of the fine oints.

"os imporanly# everyone will end up respe!in$ he spea%er as an auhoriy on he su&'e!

who is also auned o he audien!e and respe!ful of he varied needs of hose in i.

,. S*((a)iing+

Summarie at the ver- end the ke- oints the- should remember. That wa- if the- have doed

throuh art of the talk or just failed to understand it the- would at least walk out of the room at

the end with the major ideas reverberatin in their heads.

/. Ti(e Li(its+

Ne5e)B e5e)B seak ast -our allotted time. To do so is e0tremel- eotisti$al and even if -ouraudien$e is $ourteous enouh to let -ou $ontinue the- will not forive -our rudeness. :ut in

sa-1% minutes how $an -ou ossibl- $onve- the sinifi$an$e of the work that -ou sweated over

for the ast several months or -ears.

However# you(ll almos always $ive a more lively and ineresin$ al% if you narrow raher han

widen he s!ope of your remar%s.

;or ver- short talks -our reatest $hallene will be to weed out relentlessl- an- e0traneous subje$t

matter.

Wha you mus never do is aemp o s)uee*e your al% ino he permied ime slo &y spea%in$rapidly# flashin$ hrou$h your slides and frani!ally s!ri&&lin$ on he &la!%&oard.

0. %8*ations Mat&e(atics+

!t is not diffi$ult to interate equations into -our talk if -ou kee in mind a few simle re$autions.

;irst make absolutel- $ertain that the equations are ne$essar- and if the-re not toss them out.

udiences are especially scornful of speakers who load their presentations with e!uations because

of a misguided belief that the mathematics along will highlight their work with a more scientific or

rigorous flavour.

?emember audien$es will hail- assume that -ou $an solve equations so foret the alebra and


28/30

fo$us on the assumtions that led to the equation the te$hnique that -ou used to solve it and a

$areful e0lanation of the relevan$e of the solution of -our toi$.

"or e#ample, as youre writing out $%mc& on the blackboard, you should say something like,

'nd so now we see that the energy $ is e!ual to the mass of the obect multiplied by the s!uare ofthe speed of light.'

2. T)anspa)encies+

80erien$ed seakers often have stron oinions about the otimal number of transaren$ies for a

talkt-i$all- of 3 to 6 for a 1%minute resentation. 1% to 1# for a halfhour talk are used.

+ou needn( wrie ou full senen!es on your ransparen!ies ,alhou$h you should !erainly

spea% in full senen!es-.

The eneral rule is that the transaren$- te0t should be $on$ise enouh to be selfe0lanator- butno more than that.

@. A'a)eness of t&e HallB facilities+ Aearn where the liht swit$h fo$us $ontrol and ointer are

lo$ated before -our talk. ,lso ive some thouht to where -oull often be blo$kin the view of art

of the audien$e if -ou stand beside the roje$tor. !f thats the $ase stand ne0t to the s$reen and use

a ointer.

ake sure youve got a table to set your transparencies and notes on, because you wont present a

very dignified image if youre down on your hands and knees shuffling through your papers in the

dark.

. Re&ea)se+ Gnless -oure an unusuall- ifted seaker -oull need to rehearse -our talk in front

of -our $lassmates $olleaues souse or friends.

It is recommended that you avoid writing out your talk and then reading or reciting it.

,lthouh seakers in nons$ientifi$ fields often read their aers readin reared aers is

$onsidered bad form in s$ientifi$ and te$hni$al $ir$les where a more e0temoraneous resentation

is referred.

While you practice, try to be attuned to any nervous mannerisms. void wringing your hands,pacing back and

forth, fidgeting with your microphone trap or angling the keys in your pocket.

. !n Panic Sit*ations+

!f -oure reall- ani$ked tr- takin a few dee breaths riin the sides of the odium with both

hands and distributin -our weiht equall- on both feet.

1I. D)ess+

evertheless other eole do form an imression of -ou based in art on -our aearan$e and so


29/30

the advi$e is at least to $onsider what statement -our $lothin is makin. ,t the ver- minimum

-ou should avoid lookin like -ou just draed -ourself out of bed or staered out of the hotel bar

even if true7.

"or men, this means that you shouldnt wear cutoffs and running shoes if most of your malecolleagues are wearing sports coats and ties.

;or women the same eneral rule aliesI (ont look like a slob but dont dress to the mines

either. )ost $areer $ounsellors suest not overdoin the Deweller- sta-in awa- from frill-

blouses and dresses.

void tight or otherwise revealing clothing and very high heels. *our best bet is a tailored,

comfortable dress, skirt+saree and blouse, or suit.

11. %7e Contact+

5hen -ou finall- resent -our talk be sure not to inore the eole wat$hin -ou. (ont stare like

a ombie into the sa$e above their heads and dont fo$us intentl- on -our transaren$ies or the

floor or -our shoes or a sot on the wall.

$#perienced speakers pick out several friendly faces and establish eye contact with them, turning

first from one person to another and making sure that no section of the room is ignored.

1#. A*dibilit7+

o matter how well -ou have reared -our remarks -our talk will be a disaster if -our audien$e$ant hear -ou.

1,. 9*estions Ans'e)s+

,t the end of -our talk -oull enerall- be asked to resond to questions from the floor.

!ne0erien$ed seakers often dread this moment. ,$tuall- its not diffi$ult to es$ae from the

question session with -our dinit- inta$t rovided -ou never fail to be soli$itous and rese$tful of

-our questioner and -ou avoid ettin into ubli$ aruments.

et your !uestioner finish the !uestion. -ome speakers get so e#cited and nervous that they

interrupt the !uestioner in midsentence to blurt out an answer to the !uestion they think is beingasked. /his habit is very irritating to the audience.

:e reared to rehrase the question. !f the room is lare or the questioner has a weak voi$e -ou

should alwa-s reeat the question for the benefit of the audien$e. !t also is imortant to rehrase

the question in brief and $learl- if as frequentl- haens the questioner is $onfused or

disoranied.

0eep your answers short. -tick to the point and dont use the answer as an opportunity to digress

to a related subect.

Confess -our inoran$e. !f -ou should be thrown a $urveball dont resond defensivel- or withirritation. !ts far better to sa-


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that oint -et

Documents

Handbook on Softskills