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KMU 220
Chemical Engineering
Thermodynamics I
Hacettepe University
Department of Chemical Engineering
Spring Semester
Selis Önel, PhD
HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY
2 ©SelisÖnel
KMU220 Section 23 Instructor
Selis Önel, PhD
Room: 14, 2nd floor
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~selis
Office hours: Tuesday 1:00-2:00
3 ©SelisÖnel
Who am I?
Post Doctoral Studies in Engineering in Medicine (2008)
Specializing in Nonequilibrium Solidification during preservation of biomaterials
Harvard University and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering (2006)
Specializing in Mathematical Modeling in Materials Science and Engineering
Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
Advisor: Dr. Teiichi Ando
M.S. in Chemical Engineering (2000)
Specializing in Heat and Mass Transfer and Energy Optimization
Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
Advisor: Dr. Güniz Gürüz
B.S. in Chemical Engineering (1997)
Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
Lycee Diploma, Mathematics Section (1992)
American Collegiate Institute, İzmir, Turkey
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Course Objectives
Introduce fundamental concepts of Chemical
Engineering Thermodynamics
You will learn about:
Thermodynamic concepts
Laws of Thermodynamics
This course will help you to:
??? Write how you think this course will help you
in your career
Syllabus 1 Introduction: The scope of thermodynamics
2,3 The first law and other basic concepts: Internal energy; the first law
of thermodynamics; energy balance for closed system
4 First law analysis for a control volume:
Mass and energy balances for open systems
5,6 Volumetric properties of pure fluids: PVT behavior of pure
substances, the ideal gas, tables of thermodynamic properties
7 Midterm 1
8 The second law of thermodynamics
9,10 Entropy
11 Second law analysis for a control volume
12 Production of power from heat: Heat engines
13 Midterm 2
14 Refrigeration: the vapor-compression cycle, the heat pump
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Lectures
Time: 10.00 AM-12.30 PM Tuesday
Block class with just one 15 min. break
Location: D9
Activities:
Present new material
Announce reading and homework
Take quizzes and midterms
Make-ups given only for emergencies
Discuss potential conflicts beforehand
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Recitation at the end of each class
Purpose:
Discuss homework, quizzes, exams
Hand back graded quizzes, exams
Discuss concepts from lecture
Recitation minutes will be at the end of each
class as necessary
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No Labs?
No lab/application section with this class
However
There might be visits to certain labs in
our/various departments
Purpose: To learn more about thermodynamics
by relating lecture material with observations.
To learn to properly formulate and write
engineering reports and proposals.
Course Materials
J. M. Smith, H. C. Van
Ness, M. M. Abbott,
Introduction to
Chemical Engineering
Thermodynamics, 7th
edition, McGraw-Hill,
2005
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Optional Course Materials
Stanley I. Sandler,
Chemical, Biochemical,
and Engineering
Thermodynamics, 4th
edition, John Wiley and
Sons Inc., 2006
Optional Course Materials
J. W. Tester, M. Modell,
Thermodynamics and
Its Applications, 3rd
edition, Prentice Hall,
1997
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Course Website
http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~selis/teaching.
html
Syllabus
Lecture notes (some of them)
Homework questions
Answer keys
Grades
Announcements
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Grading
My goal is that you to learn the material and make a high grade in the course!
Homeworks 10%
Midterm I and II 30%
Weekly in-lecture quizzes 20%
Based on class content or core homework problems
Written final exam 40%
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Grading
The grade for the midterm test may be raised by reworking the test out of class and turning it in within one week after the exam
Final test grade will then be 65% in-class and 35% at-home. Bonus points may be added to the at-home grade for creativity in presentation
Request for Fix-it
Any thoughtful suggestions and requests are welcome
Do not suffer in silence and wait to go home or the weekend to learn the stuff: if something you thought you understood becomes unclear, or after half an hour of lecturing the instructor is still making no sense whatsoever, raise your hand and ask a question. You can always come to my office to ask questions or share your opinions
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Grading
Late Submission of Work
Problem sets are due exactly one week after the date they are posted on the course web site
Extensions cost 10% of your grade for each 24 hour beyond the deadline, up to a maximum of 30%
Medical and beyond-your-control problems will be dealt with individually
Plant trips and other scheduled activities are not beyond your control--allocate your time to accomplish all your obligations
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0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1-7.6
-7.5
-7.4
-7.3
-7.2
-7.1
-7
-6.9
-6.8x 10
4
Mole fraction of Cu
Gib
bs
Fre
e E
ner
gy,
G (
J/m
ol)
Molar Free Energy Curves for Ag-Cu at 1060 K
CLeqC
Seq
C0
G*
CS* C
L*
2L
1L
2'
1'
GL
G
G shifted by Gr
Start
Read r
),(1 rVf
),(2 rVf
End
<ε
>ε
<ε
>ε
rr TGT ,,*
*
)(
0
*
*
,
)(
)(
LL
rL
eqL
eqS
CdC
TTd
LC
C
rL
eq
S
rL
eq
L
mk
TTCC
TTCC
** ,, SL CkC ),,,,,,,,,( **** BABAGCCTG LLL
rLS rLS GCCT ,,, ***
),,,,,,(
),,,,,,(
),,,,,,(
BABACT
BABATC
BABATC
LLL
LL
LLL
S
LLL
L
Read V
r
V
100
101
102
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
T (K)
r (m
)
Total Supercooling vs. Tip Radius
LKT
TLK
Modified TLK
BCT
DA
New
Liquid
V r
CL
*
kT *
T
C0
z
Solid
Paraboloid
of
Revolution
ΔT
C0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Composition (mol.fr. Cu)
Tem
pera
ture
(K
)
Metastable Phase Diagram for Ag-Cu System
1052.1 K
Eutectic point
(0.399,1052.1 K)
Critical point (0.61,1366.45 K)
0.9510.399
o Experimental data by Heycock et al.
Calculated phase boundaries
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2000
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
T (K)
Fra
ctions o
f S
uperc
oolin
g (
K/K
)
Components of Total Supercooling (DA model)
Tr/T
Tt/T
Tc/T
Tk/T
Mathematical Modeling of
Crystal Growth
17 ©SelisÖnel
Modeling Nonequilibrium Phase
Transformations
Thermal
spray
Rapid
solidification Properties
& Quality
Uniform droplet size
and microstructure
Nanostructures
Metastable phases
Advanced materials: automotive, aerospace, semiconductor, electronic
industries
Purpose Controlling the nano-structures of advanced materials that form during
rapid solidification
Improves mechanical,
chemical, thermal,
electrical, magnetic,
optical properties
Biomedicine: “Cryobiology”!
Purpose Reducing the amount of
poisonous cryoprotectants and formation of
ice crystals detrimental to cells during the
freezing/vitrification of cells for
cryopreservation Cooling rate
Cell
via
bilit
y
Solution effects
Intracellular ice
formation
Droplet
vitrification
Bulk vitrification
%100 Viability
HW I
Write in a few sentences or bullets how
thermodynamics will help you in your
career.
18 ©SelisÖnel
