H igh Energy H igh Intensity H adron Beams

HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

CERNW. Scandale & F. Zimmermann

HHigh Energyigh EnergyHHigh Intensityigh IntensityHHadron Beamsadron Beams

http://care-hhh.web.cern.ch/care-hhh/

HHHHHHHHHHHH NetworkNetworkcoordinated by W. Scandale and F. Zimmermanncoordinated by W. Scandale and F. Zimmermann

W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann CERN

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CARE-HHH networkCARE-HHH networkCoordinateCoordinate and and integrateintegrate the activities of the accelerator and particle the activities of the accelerator and particle

physics communities in a worldwide context, towards achieving superior physics communities in a worldwide context, towards achieving superior HHigh-Energy igh-Energy HHigh-Intensity igh-Intensity HHadron Beam facilities for Europeadron Beam facilities for Europe

road map for the upgrade of the European accelerator infrastructure (LHC and GSI accelerator complex)

coordinate activities and foster future collaborations dissemination and outreach

WP1: Advancements in WP1: Advancements in AAccelerator ccelerator MMagnet agnet TTechnologies echnologies (AMT)(AMT)

WP2: Novel Methods for WP2: Novel Methods for AAccelerator ccelerator BBeam eam IInstrumentation nstrumentation (ABI)(ABI)

WP3: WP3: AAccelerator ccelerator PPhysics and synchrotron hysics and synchrotron DDesign esign (APD)(APD)

Participating institutes: Participating institutes:

CEA, CERN, CSIC-CIEMAT, CCLRC, DESY, GSI, INFN, PSI, TEU, WUTCEA, CERN, CSIC-CIEMAT, CCLRC, DESY, GSI, INFN, PSI, TEU, WUT

Associated institutes: Associated institutes:

CRPP, ENEA, TUBE, ESRF, UPSA, FZK, TEMF, US-LARP (BNL,FNAL,LBNL,SLAC), CRPP, ENEA, TUBE, ESRF, UPSA, FZK, TEMF, US-LARP (BNL,FNAL,LBNL,SLAC), JINR, IHEP, KEKJINR, IHEP, KEK

Additional collaborations: Texas A&M U., U. Geneva, U. Bologna Additional collaborations: Texas A&M U., U. Geneva, U. Bologna


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activities in 2007activities in 2007

Events:• 5 HHH workshops & 2 workshops ready to go in November 07• 2 HHH-US-LARP coordination meetings• 1 GSI-CERN CARE meeting Dissemination and outreach: • 6 workshop proceedings completed• 1 invited and 1 contributed talk, and 9 papers presented at PAC07• 7 presentations at LHC-detector upgrade workshops/symposia/meetings • 2 seminars at SLAC and LBNL, 3 CERN & INFN management meetings, 3

departmental/project seminars • 4 articles in CERN Bulletin & CERN Courier & 3 HHH notes• HHH web sites maintained & developed

Exchanges and education: • several Russian, 2 US, 1 EU accelerator physicist, 3 representatives of European

industry supported for HHH workshops• 1 EU scientist supported for 2-week visit to CERN • 5 doctoral students & 3 EU summer students recruited for summer 2007


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workshops in 2007workshops in 2007• 4th CARE-HHH-ABI4th CARE-HHH-ABI workshop on workshop on Simulation of BPM Front-End Electronics and Special Simulation of BPM Front-End Electronics and Special

Mechanical DesignsMechanical Designs, Lüneburg, Germany, 30 November - 1 December 2006, Proceedings , Lüneburg, Germany, 30 November - 1 December 2006, Proceedings CARE-Conf-06-087-HHH CARE-Conf-06-087-HHH

• Joint CARE-HHH-APDJoint CARE-HHH-APD, CARE-ELAN, and EUROTeV mini-workshop on , CARE-ELAN, and EUROTeV mini-workshop on E-Cloud E-Cloud Clearing (ECL2)Clearing (ECL2),, CERN, Geneva, 1-2 March 2007, Proceedings CARE-Conf-06-007-HHH CERN, Geneva, 1-2 March 2007, Proceedings CARE-Conf-06-007-HHH

• CARE-HHH-APDCARE-HHH-APD mini-workshop on mini-workshop on Crystal Channeling for Large Colliders: Machine and Crystal Channeling for Large Colliders: Machine and Physics Applications (CC-2007)Physics Applications (CC-2007),, CERN, 22-23 March 2007 CERN, 22-23 March 2007

• US-LARP CARE-HHHUS-LARP CARE-HHH mini-workshop on mini-workshop on beam-beam compensationbeam-beam compensation, SLAC, USA, 2-4 July , SLAC, USA, 2-4 July 2007, 2007, http://www-conf.slac.stanford.edu/larphttp://www-conf.slac.stanford.edu/larp

• CARE-HHH-APD Workshop on LHC Injectors Upgrade and LHC Beam Parameters CARE-HHH-APD Workshop on LHC Injectors Upgrade and LHC Beam Parameters Upgrade including Francesco Ruggiero Memorial Symposium and CERN-GSI MeetiUpgrade including Francesco Ruggiero Memorial Symposium and CERN-GSI Meeting (BEAM'07)ng (BEAM'07),, CERN, Geneva, 1-5 CERN, Geneva, 1-5 October, 2007 October, 2007

READY TO GOREADY TO GO

• CARE-HHH-APD Workshop on Interaction Regions for the LHC Upgrade, DAFNE anCARE-HHH-APD Workshop on Interaction Regions for the LHC Upgrade, DAFNE and d SuperB SuperB (IR'07)(IR'07), INFN Frascati, Italy, 7-9 November 2007 , INFN Frascati, Italy, 7-9 November 2007

• CARE-HHH-AMT Workshop on Heat Generation & Transfer in Superconducting MagCARE-HHH-AMT Workshop on Heat Generation & Transfer in Superconducting Magnets (THERMOMAG)nets (THERMOMAG), Paris, France, 19-20 November, 2007 , Paris, France, 19-20 November, 2007


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major presentationsmajor presentationsINFN CSN1 Meeting, Frascati, 28 November 2006INFN CSN1 Meeting, Frascati, 28 November 2006- “H8-RD22 Experiment to test Crystal Collimation for the LHC” - “H8-RD22 Experiment to test Crystal Collimation for the LHC” W. ScandaleW. ScandaleLHCb Upgrade Workshop, Edinburgh, 11 January, 2007LHCb Upgrade Workshop, Edinburgh, 11 January, 2007- “LHC Upgrade Plan and Ideas - Scenarios and Constraints from the Machine Side,” invited - “LHC Upgrade Plan and Ideas - Scenarios and Constraints from the Machine Side,” invited talk,talk, F. Zimmermann F. ZimmermannJoint AB & LHC Project Seminar, CERN, 18 January 2007Joint AB & LHC Project Seminar, CERN, 18 January 2007- “Baseline Scenario for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade, summary of the CARE-HHH LHC-- “Baseline Scenario for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade, summary of the CARE-HHH LHC-LUMI-06 workshop”LUMI-06 workshop” W. Scandale, F. Zimmermann W. Scandale, F. Zimmermann ATLAS & CMS Detector Electronics Upgrade Workshop, CERN, March 2007ATLAS & CMS Detector Electronics Upgrade Workshop, CERN, March 2007- “ “Two Scenarios for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade” Two Scenarios for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade” W. Scandale W. ScandaleLHC Project Seminar, CERN, 15 March 2007LHC Project Seminar, CERN, 15 March 2007- “H8-RD22 Experiment to Test Crystal Collimation for the LHC” - “H8-RD22 Experiment to Test Crystal Collimation for the LHC” W. ScandaleW. Scandale

Beam-Beam Compensation Workshop, SLAC 2-4 July ‘07Beam-Beam Compensation Workshop, SLAC 2-4 July ‘07

- W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann, Head-On Compensation in LHC- F. Zimmermann, Beam-Beam Effects for LHC and LHC Upgrade Scenarios - F. Zimmermann, Open Issues from the SPS Long-Range Experiments- J.-P. Koutchouk, Beam-Beam Aspect of a Possible Early-Separation Scheme- U. Dorda, Technological Issues of Wire Compensators, and two other presentations, and two other presentations


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PAC07 presentationsPAC07 presentations

PAC07, Albuquerque, 25-29 June, ‘07PAC07, Albuquerque, 25-29 June, ‘07ORAL- F. Zimmermann, LHC Upgrade Scenarios-W. Scandale, Observation of Proton Reflection on Bent Silicon Crystals at the CERN SPS POSTERS- E. Todesco, R. W. Assmann, R. de Maria, J.-P. Koutchouk, E. Metral, G. Sterbini, F. Zimmermann, A Concept for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade Based on Strong Beta* Reduction Combined with a Minimized Geometrical Luminosity Loss Factor- E. Todesco, B. Bellesia, J.-P. Koutchouk, C. Santoni, Estimating Field Quality in Low-beta Superconducting Quadrupoles and its Impact on Beam Stability- M. Aiba, M. Chanel, U. Dorda, R. Garoby, J.-P. Koutchouk, M. Martini, E. Metral, Y. Papaphilippou, W. Scandale, F. Zimmermann, V. Shiltsev, G. Franchetti, Space-Charge Compensation Options for the LHC Injector Complex,- U. Dorda, F. Zimmermann, W. Fischer, V. Shiltsev, LHC Beam-Beam Compensation Using Wires and Electron Lenses- R. Calaga, U. Dorda, R. Tomas, F. Zimmermann, K. Akai, K. Ohmi, K. Oide, Small Angle Crab Compensation for LHC IR Upgrade - K. Ohmi, R. Calaga, W. Hofle, R. Tomas, F. Zimmermann, Beam-Beam Effect with an External Noise in LHC- E. Benedetto, G. Rumolo, D. Schulte, R. Tomas, F. Zimmermann, G. Franchetti, K. Ohmi, M. Pivi, T. Raubenheimer, W. Fischer, K. Sonnad, J.-L. Vay, Modeling Incoherent Electron Cloud Effects


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other key presentationsother key presentations

• HCP2007 Elba, 29 May 2007

W. Scandale and F. Zimmermann, Scenarios for sLHC and vLHC (slides),

• ALICE Seminar, 30 April 2007

W. Scandale, H8-RD22 Experiment: Progress on Ion Beam Focusing with Bent Crystals,

• IoP Half-Day Meeting on Super-LHC, Liverpool 27 June 2007

J.-P. Koutchouk, LHC Accelerator Upgrade,

• Meeting on Machine-Experiment Interface Issues for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade, 24 July 2007

F. Zimmermann, W. Scandale, LHC Machine Upgrade Parameters,


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deliverables & milestonesdeliverables & milestonesdeliverablesdeliverables

2004: HHH & HHH-APD web site => OK2004: HHH & HHH-APD web site => OK

2005: creation of first web-based beam dynamics code repository 2005: creation of first web-based beam dynamics code repository => OK => OK

http://oraweb.cern.ch:9000/pls/hhh/code_website.startup

2007: web based database for s.c. cables and magnets => OK, 2007: web based database for s.c. cables and magnets => OK, http://sdb.web.cern.ch/sdb

milestones:milestones:web reference for IR optics => OKweb reference for IR optics => OK

http://care-hhh.web.cern.ch/care-hhh/SuperLHC_IRoptics/IRoptics.html

booster synchrotron optics => delayed to 2008booster synchrotron optics => delayed to 2008structured list of intensity limits => nearing completionstructured list of intensity limits => nearing completionscaling laws for magnet and cryogenic cost => 2008scaling laws for magnet and cryogenic cost => 2008

1 summer student

2 summer students+ 1 doctoral student


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recent publicationsrecent publicationsJ.-P. Koutchouk, L. Rossi, E. Todesco, A Solution for Phase-One Upgrade of the LHC Low-Beta Quadrupoles Based on Nb-Ti, April 2007, CARE-Note-2007-006-HHH

W. Scandale et al, High-Efficiency Volume Reflection of an Ultrarelativistic Proton Beam with a Bent Silicon Crystal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 154801, CARE-pub-07-001 (2007)

O. Brüning, R. De Maria, R. Ostojic, Low Gradient, Low Gradient, Large Aperture IR Upgrade Options for the LHC Compatible with Nb-Ti Magnet Technology, CARE-Note-2007-007-HHH

R. Garoby, M. Benedikt, A. Fabich, F. Gerigk, Comparison of Options for the Injector of PS2, CERN-AB-2007-14, CARE-Note-2007-008-HHH

G. Sterbini, D. Tommasini, J.-P. Koutchouk, Layout VERSION 1 for the Early Separation Scheme in ATLAS, AT-MCS Internal Note 2007-04


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WP1: WP1:

Advancements in Advancements in

AAccelerator ccelerator MMagnet agnet TTechnologies echnologies

(AMT)(AMT)


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Superconductors Database Superconductors Database (SDB)(SDB)

• database structure completedatabase structure complete

• web interfaces completeweb interfaces complete

• since January’07 collaboration with FNAL and since January’07 collaboration with FNAL and BNL on magnet & cable data sharingBNL on magnet & cable data sharing

• automatic tools, which import data from existing automatic tools, which import data from existing databases, e.g., for LHC, Tevatron and RHIC, to databases, e.g., for LHC, Tevatron and RHIC, to SDB core => OKSDB core => OK

• existing data incorporated in the DBexisting data incorporated in the DB

Courtesy E. Laface

http://sdb.web.cern.ch/sdb


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SDB exampleSDB example

Courtesy E. Laface


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SDB exampleSDB example

Courtesy E. Laface


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AMT activity OSOMAMT activity OSOM

• design of 2 T pulsed superferric magnet, accordingly to indications of the CARE-HHH workshop ECOMAG 06

• cable and coil in the iron configured to minimize loss;

• conceptual design that dissipates less than 10 W/m in the superconducting coil, with warm iron (i.e. negligible loss power);

• two variants: wide iron and compact version with correction coil, both suitable for a PS upgrade.

• summary report completed

• comparison of s.c. and n.c. options for fast cycling “PS2”


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AMT exchangesAMT exchanges

• F. Broggi (INFN-Milano) visited CERN for 4 F. Broggi (INFN-Milano) visited CERN for 4 weeksweeks

• Heat deposition in the low- region

• energy deposition versus triplet length and IP distance.

• precise FLUKA description of IR1 and IR5, including exact magnetic fields;

• confirm the LUMI06 results with the latest IR FLUKA description;

• explore other parts of the parameter space;

• identify future activity (aperture, IR length, crossing angle)

• E. Laface (CERN) visited FNAL & BNL for 1 E. Laface (CERN) visited FNAL & BNL for 1 week to coordinate work on s.c. databaseweek to coordinate work on s.c. database


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planned AMT workshop planned AMT workshop

• 19-20 November: 19-20 November: CARE-HHH-AMTCARE-HHH-AMT workshop on workshop on Heat Heat Generation and Heat Transfer in Superconducting Generation and Heat Transfer in Superconducting MagnetsMagnets ( (THERMOMAG’07THERMOMAG’07), Paris, 2 days ), Paris, 2 days

• minimizing and evacuating heat in the next generation of superconducting minimizing and evacuating heat in the next generation of superconducting magnets for high intensity particle accelerators, such as the IR magnet for magnets for high intensity particle accelerators, such as the IR magnet for the LHC luminosity upgrade and the fast cycling magnets for FAIR and the LHC luminosity upgrade and the fast cycling magnets for FAIR and for the LHC injector chain upgrade; for the LHC injector chain upgrade;

• identify the state of the art onidentify the state of the art on

(1) cooling techniques (fluids and regimes), (1) cooling techniques (fluids and regimes),

(2) heat transfer mechanisms, (2) heat transfer mechanisms,

(3) modeling of heat transfer from coils to cooling system, (3) modeling of heat transfer from coils to cooling system,

(4) heat transfer experiments; identify a common set of thermal design criteria(4) heat transfer experiments; identify a common set of thermal design criteria

http://care-hhh.web.cern.ch/CAREHHH/Workshops/http://care-hhh.web.cern.ch/CAREHHH/Workshops/ProgThermomag.htmProgThermomag.htm

→ CARE’07 HHH highlight talk by D. Tommasini


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WP2: WP2:

Novel Methods for Novel Methods for

Accelerator Beam Instrumentation Accelerator Beam Instrumentation

(ABI)(ABI)


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44thth ABI workshop ABI workshop

• 27 participants: 6 CERN, 7 DESY, 5 GSI, 1 CEA, 27 participants: 6 CERN, 7 DESY, 5 GSI, 1 CEA, 2 RAL, 2 Globes Electronics, 3 Kyocera, 1 FNAL2 RAL, 2 Globes Electronics, 3 Kyocera, 1 FNAL

• topics: BPM sensors, BPM electronics, cold BPMstopics: BPM sensors, BPM electronics, cold BPMs

• proceedings ready and published as CARE-Conf-proceedings ready and published as CARE-Conf-06-087-HHH 06-087-HHH


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planned ABI workshop planned ABI workshop

• Dec. 2007: Dec. 2007: HHH-ABI HHH-ABI annual workshop on annual workshop on Tools Tools for Diagnostic Systems at High-Intensity (Pre-) for Diagnostic Systems at High-Intensity (Pre-) Accelerators; Emittance Preservation and Accelerators; Emittance Preservation and Measurements in the Accelerator ChainMeasurements in the Accelerator Chain, , Chamonix, FranceChamonix, France


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WP3: WP3:

Accelerator Physics Accelerator Physics

and synchrotron Design and synchrotron Design

(APD)(APD)


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APD exchangesAPD exchanges

• R. De Maria (CERN grad student) visited FNAL for 1 month R. De Maria (CERN grad student) visited FNAL for 1 month in February-in February-March to work onMarch to work on heat deposition in low- heat deposition in low- region for NbTi “low-gradient” region for NbTi “low-gradient” IR optics solutions IR optics solutions

• W. Scandale (CERN) visited FNAL for 1 week W. Scandale (CERN) visited FNAL for 1 week in February to participate in February to participate inin Tevatron crystal experiment Tevatron crystal experiment

• Two CERN graduate students (U. Dorda, G. Sterbini)Two CERN graduate students (U. Dorda, G. Sterbini) participated in participated in RHIC beam-beam compensation experiments for two weeks RHIC beam-beam compensation experiments for two weeks in June, in the in June, in the frame of HHH/US-LARP collaborationframe of HHH/US-LARP collaboration

• collaborations with N. Mokhov (US-LARP), onon heat deposition in low- heat deposition in low- region for NbTi “low-gradient” IR optics solutionsregion for NbTi “low-gradient” IR optics solutions

• W. Scandale (CERN) visited LBNL and FNAL for 1 week W. Scandale (CERN) visited LBNL and FNAL for 1 week in July to in July to discuss CARE-HHH and US-LARP issues, and future SPS+FNALdiscuss CARE-HHH and US-LARP issues, and future SPS+FNAL crystal crystal experimentsexperiments

• G. Franchetti (GSI) visited CERN for joint e-cloud studies in September / G. Franchetti (GSI) visited CERN for joint e-cloud studies in September / October 2007; M. Pivi (SLAC) will visit CERN in January 2008October 2007; M. Pivi (SLAC) will visit CERN in January 2008


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2007 crystal experiments2007 crystal experiments Seven weeks of CERN SPS runs;

goals: test multi-strip crystals, check the effect on ions; verify their fragmentation and e.-m. dissociation inside the crystal;

test the effectiveness of crystal collimation Participating in the preparation of a crystal collimation experiment at FNAL Support: CARE-HHH , INTAS-CERN, INFN-NTA,Russian Foundation for Basic Research, CERN AB and AT Departments


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CC-2007CC-2007

topics: topics:

• critical review of experimental resultscritical review of experimental results

• crystal production technologiescrystal production technologies

• application of bent crystals to LHC collimation system application of bent crystals to LHC collimation system

• assessment of new crystals through experiments at SPS assessment of new crystals through experiments at SPS and Tevatron and Tevatron

• use of crystals for diffractive physicsuse of crystals for diffractive physics

co-sponsored by INTASco-sponsored by INTAS

45 participants: INFN Genova, U. Ferrara, INFN Legnaro, 45 participants: INFN Genova, U. Ferrara, INFN Legnaro, PNPI Gatchina, IHEP Protvino, FNAL, JINR Dubna, PNPI Gatchina, IHEP Protvino, FNAL, JINR Dubna, INFN Frascati, INFN Roma, U. Manchester, U. Texas, INFN Frascati, INFN Roma, U. Manchester, U. Texas,

CERN, 22-23 March 07


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PRL article on 2006 SPS PRL article on 2006 SPS crystal experiments crystal experiments

including CARE including CARE acknowledgement acknowledgement

SPS crystal SPS crystal

collimation testcollimation test


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intensity limits in LHCintensity limits in LHCand LHC injectorsand LHC injectors

various limitations explored by summer student Ibon Santiago Gonzalez (Guernica), 26 June – 15 September

- information gathered from experts (G. Arduini, C. Carli, M. Chanel, A. Hofmann, E. Metral, F. Pedersen, E. Shaposhnikova, B. Zotter, collimation team,…)

- information collected from literature (papers by E. Metral, F.J. Sacherer, K.Y. Ng,…)

- theory of longitudinal Landau damping further developed to include arbitrary bunch profile & 2nd harmonic rf; applications to PSB, PS, SPS, LHC

- mega-tables with machine parameters; extended web pages

- HHH note in preparation


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2007 long-range beam-beam 2007 long-range beam-beam compensation experimentscompensation experiments

RHIC, MD in June 2007- two wires used to model LHC LR effect in RHIC rings- strong effect of chromaticity on beam lifetime observed

SPS, MDs in July and August 2007- single wire used to model LHC LR effect in SPS- main observables: proton loss, beam lifetime- three beam energies 26, 37, 55 GeV explored to check scaling laws and extrapolation to LHC- lifetime vs wire current, beam-wire distance, chromaticity


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ECL2 workshopECL2 workshop

• 35 participants: 16 CERN (4 AB/ABP, 1 AB/OP, 7 AB/RF, 2 35 participants: 16 CERN (4 AB/ABP, 1 AB/OP, 7 AB/RF, 2 AT-VAC, 2 TS), 3 German enamel industry (Eisenwerke AT-VAC, 2 TS), 3 German enamel industry (Eisenwerke Dueker, Wendel Email), 4 US (BNL, Cornell, LBNL & Dueker, Wendel Email), 4 US (BNL, Cornell, LBNL & SLAC), 1 KEK, others from European institutes (Astec, LNF, SLAC), 1 KEK, others from European institutes (Astec, LNF, DESY, ANKA, U. Rostock, CELLS, U. Sannio, ESRF) DESY, ANKA, U. Rostock, CELLS, U. Sannio, ESRF)

• topics: CERN NEG coatingtopics: CERN NEG coating facility, motivation, technological facility, motivation, technological solutions, solutions, simulations, beam simulations, beam

measurements, impedance, measurements, impedance, - for PS2, SPS upgrade, - for PS2, SPS upgrade,

LHC upgrade, CLIC & ILC LHC upgrade, CLIC & ILC


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slotted vacuum chamber (W. Bruns)slotted vacuum chamber (W. Bruns) New!New!

enamel electrodes (F. Caspers) enamel electrodes (F. Caspers) New!New!

electrete inserts (F. Caspers)electrete inserts (F. Caspers) New!New!

NEG coating (P. Chiggiato)NEG coating (P. Chiggiato)

ECL2: solutions against ECL2: solutions against electron cloudelectron cloud

slotted chamber

enamel-based electrode

→ CARE’07 HHH highlight talk by F. Zimmermann


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parameterparameter symbolsymbol 25 ns, small * 50 ns, long

transverse emittancetransverse emittance [[m]m] 3.75 3.75

protons per bunchprotons per bunch NNbb [10 [101111]] 1.7 4.9

bunch spacingbunch spacing t [ns]t [ns] 25 50

beam currentbeam current I [A]I [A] 0.86 1.22

longitudinal profilelongitudinal profile Gauss Flat

rms bunch lengthrms bunch length zz [cm] [cm] 7.55 11.8

beta* at IP1&5beta* at IP1&5 [m][m] 0.08 0.25

full crossing anglefull crossing angle c c [[rad]rad] 0 381

Piwinski parameterPiwinski parameter cczz/(2*/(2*xx*)*) 0 2.0

hourglass reduction hourglass reduction 0.86 0.99

peak luminositypeak luminosity LL [10 [103434 cm cm-2-2ss-1-1]] 15.5 10.7

peak events per crossingpeak events per crossing 294 403

initial lumi lifetimeinitial lumi lifetime LL [h] [h] 2.2 4.5

effective luminosity effective luminosity (T(Tturnaroundturnaround=10 h)=10 h)

LLeff eff [10[103434 cm cm-2-2ss-1-1]] 2.4 2.5

TTrun,optrun,opt [h] [h] 6.6 9.5

effective luminosity effective luminosity (T(Tturnaroundturnaround=5 h)=5 h)

LLeff eff [10[103434 cm cm-2-2ss-1-1]] 3.6 3.5

TTrun,optrun,opt [h] [h] 4.6 6.7

e-c heat SEY=1.4(1.3)e-c heat SEY=1.4(1.3) P [W/m]P [W/m] 1.04 (0.59) 0.36 (0.1)

SR heat load 4.6-20 KSR heat load 4.6-20 K PPSRSR [W/m] [W/m] 0.25 0.36

image current heat image current heat PPICIC [W/m] [W/m] 0.33 0.78

gas-s. 100 h (10 h) gas-s. 100 h (10 h) bb PPgasgas [W/m] [W/m] 0.06 (0.56) 0.09 (0.9)

extent luminous regionextent luminous region l [cm] 3.7 5.3

commentcomment D0 + crab (+ Q0) wire comp.

LHC upgradescenarios

compromisesbetween# of pile up events and heat load

injector upgrade

Crossing with large Piwinski angle

aggressive triplet

challenges

early separation (ES)

large Piwinski angle (LPA)


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upgrade bunch structures

25 ns

50 ns

nominal

25 ns

ultimate& 25-ns upgrade

50-ns upgrade,no collisions @S-LHCb!

50 ns

50-ns upgradewith 25-ns collisionsin LHCb

25 ns

new alternative!

new baseline!


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IR upgrade opticsIR upgrade optics““compact low-gradient” NbTi, compact low-gradient” NbTi, *=25 cm*=25 cm

<75 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning)<75 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning)

““modular low gradient” NbTi, modular low gradient” NbTi, *=25 cm*=25 cm <90 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning)<90 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning)

““low low maxmax low-gradient” NbTi, low-gradient” NbTi, *=25 cm *=25 cm

<125 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning)<125 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning)

standard Nbstandard Nb33Sn upgrade, Sn upgrade, *=25 cm *=25 cm ~~200 T/m,200 T/m, 2 versions with different magnet parameters2 versions with different magnet parameters(Tanaji Sen et al, Emmanuel Laface, Walter Scandale)(Tanaji Sen et al, Emmanuel Laface, Walter Scandale)

+ crab-waist sextupole insertions+ crab-waist sextupole insertions?? (LNF/FP7) (LNF/FP7)

early separation with early separation with *=8 cm, Nb*=8 cm, Nb33SnSn (Jean-Pierre Koutchouk et al)(Jean-Pierre Koutchouk et al)

compatiblewith50-nsupgradepath


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average luminosity vs *

including crossing angle + hourglass, assuming optimum run time for 5 h turn-around


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phased LHC upgradephased LHC upgrade

• recent CERN management decision: early IR recent CERN management decision: early IR upgrade (“phase-1”): based on NbTi magnets, upgrade (“phase-1”): based on NbTi magnets, implemented ~2012implemented ~2012

• ““low-gradient” large-aperture NbTi optics low-gradient” large-aperture NbTi optics solutions developed by HHH are three good solutions developed by HHH are three good candidatescandidates

• IR optics selection by Lyn Evans in 2007; input IR optics selection by Lyn Evans in 2007; input from HHH studies from HHH studies

• more ambitious Nbmore ambitious Nb33Sn upgrade and higher Sn upgrade and higher luminosity planned in a 2luminosity planned in a 2ndnd phase phase


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planned APD workshopsplanned APD workshops

• 7-9 November: CARE-HHH-APD workshop on7-9 November: CARE-HHH-APD workshop on LHC IR LHC IR UpgradeUpgrade ( (LUMI'07LUMI'07)), INFN Frascati, Italy, INFN Frascati, Italy

• new low-beta quadrupoles,new low-beta quadrupoles,

• detector-integrated dipoles and quadrupoles, detector-integrated dipoles and quadrupoles,

• crab cavities, crab cavities,

• wire compensation, wire compensation,

• experience with new DAFNE IR (crab waist IR)experience with new DAFNE IR (crab waist IR)


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PSB

SPSSPS+

Linac4

(LP)SPL

PS

LHC / SLHC DLHC

Out

put

ener

gy

160 MeV

1.4 GeV4 GeV

26 GeV50 GeV

450 GeV1 TeV

7 TeV~ 14 TeV

Linac250 MeV

(LP)SPL: (Low Power) Superconducting Proton Linac (4-5 GeV)

PS2: High Energy PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)

SPS+: Superconducting SPS(50 to1000 GeV)

SLHC: “Superluminosity” LHC(up to 1035 cm-2s-1)

DLHC: “Double energy” LHC(1 to ~14 TeV)

Upgraded injector chainUpgraded injector chain

PS2

Present accelerators Future accelerators

• (LP)SPL is the baseline injector for PS2

• PS2 will use nc magnets

• PS2 size is 15/77 of SPS


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Francesco Ruggiero Francesco Ruggiero Memorial SymposiumMemorial Symposium

speakers: S. Berg, C. Biscari, O. Bruning, speakers: S. Berg, C. Biscari, O. Bruning, W. Chou, M. Furman, K. Hirata, A. Mostacci, W. Chou, M. Furman, K. Hirata, A. Mostacci,

L. Palumbo, S. Petracca, Q Quin,L. Palumbo, S. Petracca, Q Quin,W. Scandale, F. Zimmermann . W. Scandale, F. Zimmermann .

3 October 2007

during

HHH-APD

BEAM’07


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Gantt chart until end of 2008

AMT and ABI


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Gantt chart until end of 2008

APD


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ConclusionsConclusions• numerous numerous high-impact workshopshigh-impact workshops

• focused focused activities in many frontier areasactivities in many frontier areas- crystal collimation, slim magnets, e-cloud suppression, low-angle - crystal collimation, slim magnets, e-cloud suppression, low-angle crab cavities, beam-beam compensation, novel optics design schemes, crab cavities, beam-beam compensation, novel optics design schemes, fast cycling s.c. magnets, new beam diagnosticsfast cycling s.c. magnets, new beam diagnostics

• results benefit results benefit global accelerator communityglobal accelerator community- - code repository, s.c. database, intensity limitscode repository, s.c. database, intensity limits

• enhanced enhanced dissemination & training effortdissemination & training effort- mutual visits between partner labs, publications, seminars, web - mutual visits between partner labs, publications, seminars, web pages, many summer students and graduate students pages, many summer students and graduate students

• HHH is “HHH is “high-returnhigh-return investment investment for Europe” for Europe”

Documents

H igh Energy H igh Intensity H adron Beams