GSM/GPRS/EDGE

GSM & GPRS one of the most deployed mobile standards provides both

CS & PS services. EDGE enhances GPRS data services to provide higher

speeds. This course provides a good understanding of GSM/GPRS history,

modulations, technology, protocols, architecture and services. A good

knowledge of telecommunication would be beneficial for anyone attending

this course.

Who Should Attend

This is advanced level course and suitable for telecom professionals

including design, testing , support & sales engineers requiring good

GSM/GPRS knowledge.

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the audience will be able to:

Understand GSM/(E)GPRS architecture, access and core network

Define GSM/GPRS interfaces

Describe location/routing area/ frame/Modulation concepts

Explain E2E signalling procedures and protocols

Course Contents

History of wireless communications

Motivation for GSM

Current GSM status

Key characteristics of a GSM network

Motivation for GPRS and EDGE

Efficient use of radio resources

Evolution from existing networks

Supported data rates

Evolution to 3G

Samples

Chapter 1

Technical Overview of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)

Outline

• Introduction

• LTE Downlink Physical Layer (OFDMA) • LTE Uplink Physical Layer (SC-FDMA)

• Summary and Conclusions • LTE Physical Layer Procedures

• LTE System Architecture

1. Requirements of LTE

• Peak data rate – 100 Mbps DL/ 50 Mbps UL within 20 MHz bandwidth.

• Up to 200 active users in a cell (5 MHz) • Less than 5 Ms user-plane latency

• Mobility – Optimized for 0 ~ 15 km/h.

– 15 ~ 120 km/h supported with high performance. – Supported up to 350 km/h or even up to 500 km/h.

• Coverage

– Performance should be met for 5 km cells with slight degradation For 30 km cells. Up to 100 km cells not precluded.

2. Key Features of LTE

• Multiple access scheme

– DL: OFDMA with CP. – UL: Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) with CP.

• Adaptive modulation and coding

– DL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM – UL modulations: QPSK and 16QAM

– Rel-6 Turbo code: Coding rate of 1/3, two 8-state constituent encoders, and a contention-free internal interleave.

• Advanced MIMO spatial multiplexing techniques

– (2 or 4)x(2 or 4) downlink and uplink supported. • Multi-layer transmission with up to four streams.

– Multi-user MIMO also supported.

• ARQ within RLC sub layer and Hybrid ARQ within MAC sub layer.

• Power control and link adaptation

• Implicit support for interference coordination • Support for both FDD and TDD

• Possible support for operating as single frequency network (SFN) to support MBMS

– Time-synchronized common waveform transmitted from multiple

cells.

3. Introduction to OFDMA and downlink frame structure

• What is OFDM?

• 5 MHz Single Carrier Transmission (e.g. WCDMA) • Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing e.g. 5 MHz

Means typically several 100 sub-carriers with spacing of x kH

Chapter 2

Introduction to Evolved Packet Core (EPC): EPC Elements, protocols

and procedures

Agenda

• Introduction to Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and Evolved Packet System (EPS)

• LTE and all-IP: What is new? • EPC components

- Serving Gateway (SGW), PDN Gateway (PGW) - Mobility Management Entity (MME), Policy and Charging

Control Function (PCRF) • LTE core functions and service procedures

- Core network functions - Network attachment, service requests, paging, IP addressing,

handover

Introduction to Evolved Packet Core and Evolved Packet System

1. What is EPC ?

New, all-IP mobile core network introduced with LTE

- End-to-end IP (All-IP)

- Clear delineation of control plane and data plane

- Simplified architecture: flat-IP architecture with a single core

- EPC was previously called SAE (System Architecture Evolution)

- eNodeB is also called E-UTRAN

- Evolved Packet System = EPC + E-UTRAN

2. EPC elements

Serving Gateway

- Serving a large number of eNodeBs, focus on scalability and

security

Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway

- IP management (“IP anchor”), connection to external data

networks; focus on highly scalable data connectivity and QoS

enforcement

Mobility Management Element (MME)

- Control-plane element, responsible for high volume mobility

management and connection management (thousands of

eNodeBs)

Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF)

- Network-wide control of flows: detection, gating, QoS and flow-

based charging, authorizes network-wide use of QoS resources

(manages millions on service data flows)

LTE QoS terms

Service Data Flow = IP flow

- SDFs are mapped to bearers by IP routing elements (gateways)

QoS Class Identifier (QCI)

- A scalar that is used as a reference to node specific parameters

that control packet forwarding treatment (e.g., scheduling

weights, admission thresholds, queue management thresholds,

link layer protocol configuration, etc.), and that have been pre-

configured by the operator owning the access node

Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP)

- The primary purpose or ARP is to decide if a bearer

establishment/modification request can be accepted or rejected

in case or resource limitation

Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR)

Maximum Bit Rate (MBR)

Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (AMBR) (for non-GBR bearers)

IP Multimedia System (IMS)

• Principles,

• Architecture • Applications

Overview of RCS and VoLTE

The Voice challenge for LTE

■ LTE is an all-IP mobile network

– No support for „traditional‟ CS domain voice ■ Multiple Proposed Technical Solutions

– IMS-based Voice (“One Voice”) – CS-Fallback

– VoLGA – utilises 3GPP Generic Access Network – Over The Top Voice - OTT

■ The risk – industry fragmentation

– Poor customer experience – No common implementation

– Economies of scale are lost – Threat to Global Roaming

The Solution for Voice over LTE

■ The Reality – the industry knows where it is going

– „One Voice‟ adoption as GSMA Voice over LTE (VoLTE) –> IR.92.

– Massive backing from operator and vendor community. – „Migratory solutions‟ filling the gap between LTE launch and IMS

deployment for Some operators.

■ VoLTE – GSMA PRD IR.92 “IMS Profile for Voice and SMS”

– UNI Profile defining the minimum mandatory set of

requirements for UE and –

■ Network to support for a high-quality IMS-based telephony service

over LTE. – Based on 3GPP Release 8 standards (and some Release 9 e.g.

Emergency call)

Current status of VoLTE