Atoll 3.1.2 Gsm Gprs Edge

8/12/2019 Atoll 3.1.2 Gsm Gprs Edge

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ATOLL GSM/GPRS/EDGE FEATURES



Training Programme

1. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Concepts

2. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Planning Overview

3. Modelling a GSM/GPRS/EDGE Network

4. GSM/GPRS/EDGE Predictions

5. Neighbour Allocation

6. Frequency Plan Analysis

© Forsk 2012 Slide 2 of 75Confidential – Do not share without prior permission




GSM/GPRS/EDGE Overview

Frequency Hopping Overview

© Forsk 2012 Confidential – Do not share without prior permission Slide 3 of 75






TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)

8 Timeslots per frame

• 1 user per TS in FR

• 2 users per TS in HR

• Use of codec modes (e.g. Half-Rate) to

compress voice and increase network

capacity in good radio conditions

Signalling on BCCH

• Broadcast en TS 0

• Up to 7 TS for traffic (TCH)

Channel bandwidth = 200 KHz

Hierarchical Cell Structure (HCS)Optional definition of cell hierarchy (Umbrella, Macro, Micro, Pico, ..cells)

Traffic served on priority on highest priority layers

• Priority may not be respected for signal strength or mobility reasons

(e.g. pico cells dedicated to low mobility users)





Interference in GSM/GPRS/EDGE

Measured by C/(I+N) parameter

Occurring between co and adjacent channels

• Example : if on an overlapping area, a receiver is covered twice by the same channel and if the signal

strength received from the interferer is close to the serving signal strength, the receiver is interfered

Main issue of GSM/GPRS/EDGE• Reduction of capacity

• No service of codec modes

• No service of coding schemes

Solutions to interference

• Frequency hopping

• Frequency diversity in order to diversify the interferers• Against frequency selective fading

• Average interference level over all the mobile station assigned frequencies

• Uplink power control (currently not modelled in Atoll)






Training Programme











2G Features Supported in Atoll

2G Workflow in Atoll




2G Features Supported In Atoll

Multi-layers Networks (HCS)

Concentric Cells (Overlay/Underlay)

Inner and outer subcells

Dual band stations, multi-bands networks

Advanced Voice ModellingSupport of FR, HR, EFR, AMR

Quality Indicator Predictions (BER, FER, MOS)

GPRS and GPRS/EDGE Networks

Support of standard EDGE (EGPRS) and EDGE evolution (EGPRS2)

Modelling of Traffic ParametersDimensioning of Multi-technology Networks

Coding Scheme, Throughput and BLER Predictions

Frequency Hopping

Base Band Hopping/Synthesized Frequency Hopping

HSN, MAIO, Synchronisation level© Forsk 2012 Slide 10 of 75Confidential – Do not share without prior permission



2G Workflow In Atoll

Open an existing project or

create a new one

Network Configuration

- Add Network Elements

- Change Parameters

Basic Predictions

(Best Server, Signal Level)

User-defined ValuesTraffic Maps Dimensioning

Required Number

of TRXs

Manual Frequency Allocation Automatic Frequency Allocation (AFP)

List of Frequencies

GSM/GPRS/EDGE Predictions

Prediction Reports

Frequency Plan Analysis

Neighbour Allocation

ACP




Training Programme











Resource Overview

Frequencies, BSICs and HSNs

Transmitter Parameters

Manual Resource Allocation

Automatic Resource Allocation : Overview




Resource Overview

Resources to be managed

Frequencies

BSICs

HSNs

Management from the Parameters Explorer

Description of frequency bands

Definition of Domains and Groups

• Frequencies, BSICs, HSNs

• Splitting resources over validation domains:

• Domain = set of groups

• Group = set of resources (channels, BSICs, HSNs)

• Allocated resources must belong to the related domains




Frequencies

Domains and Groups of frequencies

One frequency domain assigned to each TRX type per cell type

Frequencies allocated to TRXs manually or automatically (using an AFP)

Frequency band related

to the domain

Description of groups

• The group 1 contains all the channels between 55 and 87 except the channel 60.• The group 2 contains all the channels between 10 and 30 and the channel 35.




BSICs

Domains and Groups of BSICs

BSIC – BCCH : cell identifier

Made of 2 codes

• Network colour code (NCC 07) + BTS colour code (BCC 07)

Default format : octal (base 8)

• NCC 5 + BCC 4 BSIC 54

Format selection in the transmitters context menu

Same procedure and GUI as the one available for frequency domain and group definition

One BSIC domain assigned to each transmitter

One BSIC allocated to each transmitter manually or automatically (using an AFP)




HSNs

Domains and Groups of HSNs

HSNs (hopping sequence number)

• Random sequence generator

• Description of the frequency hopping sequence

• 64 available values [0..63]

• Pseudo-random sequences except HSN = 0 (cyclic hopping)

Same procedure and GUI as the one available for frequency domain and group definition

One HSN domain assigned to each TRX type per cell type

One HSN allocated to each subcell per transmitter manually or automatically (using an AFP)




Transmitter Properties : General Tab


HCS layer which the

transmitter belongs to

Specific layer

admission threshold

(optional) which

overwrites the default

layer threshold







Transmitter Properties : TRXs Tab (1/2)


Frequency band

related to the BCCH

subcell frequency

domain (used by

propagation

models)

Transmitter identification

parameters: BCCH, BSIC

domain and BSIC value

(NCC-BCC)

Choice of a cell type =

Template for Subcells

• Each transmitter must

refer to a cell type

(mandatory)

• Initialisation of subcell

parameters in

transmitters

Specific max number of

TRXs

(Only used for

Dimensioning)

Allowed propagation

range for the considered

transmitter

Reselect offset used for

the best idle mode

reselection criterion (C2)




Transmitter Properties : TRXs Tab (2/2)


Subcell settings

• properties initialised by

the values given to the

selected cell type

• Parameters related to

dimensioning

• Parameters related tofrequency hopping

List of TRXs

• Allocated channels

(automatic or manual)

• Parameter related to

frequency hopping

Button to access the

selected subcell property

dialogue

Scrolling box to select

the different views of the

subcell table (Standard,

Traffic Data, AFP

Indicators)



Manual Resource Allocation (1/3)

Allocation of frequencies for each requested TRX of a subcell

1 BCCH TRX mandatory

Depends on the hopping mode defined in subcells

• Non hopping or BBH mode : 1 frequency per TRX

• SFH : 1 frequency list per TRX + MAIO

Depends on the allocation strategy : group constrained or free

• Group constrained: only frequencies belonging to a same group in a frequency domain which are not

excluded for a given subcell can be allocated

• Free: all the frequencies of a frequency domain excepted the ones excluded from the subcell can be

allocated

Allocation of the BCCH and the BSIC to each transmitter






Manual Resource Allocation (3/3)

Allocation of frequencies in the TRX table

By copy-paste

Using the table generic import

• From any ASCII text file

• From any table exported using the generic export feature within Atoll




Automatic Resource Allocation Overview (1/2)

Generic dialogs in Atoll for any AFP model

Possibility to allocate

Frequencies, Frequency Hopping Groups (MALs), HSNs, MAIOs, BSICs

Possibility to select AFP-dependant strategies

Azimuth-oriented allocation, optimisation of the number of TRXs to increase the correctly

served traffic, …

Goal of AFP

Find optimal allocations that minimise interferences over the network and comply with a set of

constraints (separation, frequency domain limitation)

Principle of an AFP model

Convergence criterion based on a cost function

The cost function consists of two main components

• Cost component due to interferences

• Cost component due to separation constraint violations

The AFP model tries to minimise the value of the cost function




Automatic Resource Allocation Overview (2/2)

AFP Process


AFP Launching

AFP Results

AFP Progress



Training Programme












Available Predictions

Coverage Predictions

Basic Quality Predictions

• Interfered areas prediction

• Coverage by C/I level

Circuit Service Dedicated Prediction

• Circuit Quality Indicators

Packet Service Dedicated Predictions

• Coding Scheme coverage

• Packet throughput coverage

Point Analysis

Reception and Interference Analysis at a Given Point

Principles

Prediction Calculated for a given frequency plan




Definition of Service Areas in GSM/GPRS/EDGE

Definition of the service zone of each transmitter

Selection of the server

• All

• Best signal level

• Second best signal

• Best signal level per HCS layer

• Second best signal level per HCS layer

• HCS servers

• Highest priority HCS server

• Best idle mode reselection criterion (C2)

• Using the reselection offset defined at the transmitter level





Network Model

Stations

• 3 tri-sectors base stations on a micro layer

• 1 omni base station on a macro layer

• 1 omni base station on an umbrella layer

Cells

Layers

Mobilities

• 3 mobilities defined in the network : pedestrian (3, 50 and 90 km/h)





All Servers

• No competition between cells and between layers

• Overlapping of all the layers

• Border of each cell defined by its BCCH reception

threshold (-105/-102 dBm)

-102 dBm-105 dBm





Best Server

• Layers not considered

• Competition between cells whatever their layer is

• No overlapping


threshold (-105/-102 dBm) and its ability to be the best

server

Bestserver

limits







Best Server per HCS Layer

• One best server prediction per layer

• Competition between cells on each different layer

• Overlapping between layers is possible


threshold (-105/-102 dBm) and its ability to be the best

server on each layer

-105 dBm

Best server

limits on the

micro layer

-102 dBm





Second Best Server per HCS Layer

• One second best server prediction per layer

• Competition between cells on each different layer

• Overlapping between layers is possible

•Border of each cell defined by its BCCH reception

threshold (-105/-102 dBm) and its ability to be the second

best server on each layer

Only 1 server on the macro layer

and on the umbrella layer

No second best server on these

layers

2nd best server

limits on the

micro layer

-102 dBm







Highest Priority HCS Server

• Competition between cells and between layers

• On each pixel, the coverage corresponds to the best

server on the highest priority layer, assuming the highest

priority is defined by the priority value (0:lowest) if the

received signal level exceeds the HCS layer threshold.

• Overlapping between layers is not possible


threshold (-105/-102 dBm), its HCS admission threshold(-105/-90-84 dBm) and its ability to be the best server on

the highest priority layer

• In the case of same priority, the server with the highest

signal level difference from its layer threshold is selected.

-105 dBm

-84 dBm

-90 dBm

Zones where the

micro layer has

the highest

priority

Zones where the micro

and the macro layers

have an higher priority

than the umbrella layer





Server with the Best Idle Mode Reselection Criterion (C2)

• Layers not considered

• Competition between cells whatever their layer is

• No overlapping

• C1 = reception level - subcell reception threshold

When C1>0, C2 = C1 + cell reselection offset


threshold (-105/-102 dBm) and its ability to have the bestC2

Best C2criterion

limits




Basic Quality Predictions (1/6)

Generic Dialog for all the predictions (General, Condition, Display tabs)

Available Coverage Prediction Templates

Coverage by C/I level prediction: global analysis of the network quality

Interfered areas prediction: areas where a Rx is interfered

Definition of the zone to study in the Condition Tab


Server selection

• All

• Best signal level / second best signal

• Best signal level per HCS layer / second best signal level per HCS layer

• HCS servers• Highest priority HCS server


Shadowing considered or not + Cell Edge Coverage Probability

Indoor coverage or not (receiver located indoor)

Subcell or user-defined reception thresholds





Interference Condition

Interference studied on a TRX type (or All)

Calculation of C/I and comparison with upper and lower thresholds

• Subcell or user-defined C/I thresholds

Optional Interference Computations

• Consideration or not of the receiver noise N (or user-defined value)

• Consideration of C/I levels satisfied by at least one TRX or the worst one

• Possibility to evaluate interference level on a specific channel

• Separated study of the contribution of co and/or adjacent channels, external sources of interferences

(e.g. UMTS network)

• Modelling of the DTX with a voice activity factor

• Consideration of the traffic load per subcell

• Detailed results

• NH : per TRX type

• BBH : per TRX type and MAL

• SFH : per TRX type and MAL-MAIO

Colouring depending on attributes

C/I level, Max C/I level, Min C/I level

Transmitter

Any transmitter attribute...





Coverage by C/I Level Prediction

Global analysis of the network quality

Filter the useful

signal

Filter C/I

values


Interference

calculation options



Coverage by C/I Level Prediction


Overlapping zones

with a lower quality

(low C/I)





Interfered Zones Prediction

Areas where a Rx is interfered

Interference

calculation options© Forsk 2012 Slide 44 of 75Confidential – Do not share without prior permission

Filter the useful

signal

Filter C/I

values

Threshold under whichinterferences are

considered




Interfered Zones Prediction


Areas where the receiver is

interfered (where the C/I is lower

than the user-defined threshold)

on the HCS server areas





Circuit Service Dedicated Predictions (2/6)

Codec Configurations in Terminals (Optional)

Type of optional configuration

containing the possible codec modes

which can be supported by the

current terminal





Generic Dialog for all the Predictions (General, Condition, Display tabs)

Principles

Coverage by FER, BER or MOS according to the radio conditions (C/N or C/I+N) and the

possible codecs for terminals and transmitters

Definition of the Zone to study in the Condition Tab

Definition of the Service Zone of each transmitter

Server selection

• All



• HCS servers• Highest priority HCS server


Shadowing considered or not + Cell Edge Coverage Probability

Indoor coverage or not (receiver located indoor)

Subcell or user-defined reception thresholds






Consideration or not of the receiver noise N (or based on a user-defined value)

Filter on interfered TRX types (or all)

Optional interference computations

• Separated study of the contribution of co and/or adjacent channels, external sources of interferences

(e.g. UMTS network)



Quality Indicator Calculation

Based on defined codecs

• Depending on radio conditions (C/N or C/I+N)

• Consideration of the receiver noise N (or user-defined value)

• Consideration of specific terminal and mobilities for compliancy with selected terminals and mobilities in

codec configuration

Colouring depending on Quality Indicators

BER, FER, MOS

Best BER, best FER, best MOS





Circuit Quality Indicators

Type of CQI displayed

(BER, FER or MOS)





Circuit Quality Indicators


Overlapping zones with a lower

quality and consequently where

the BER is higher



Packet Service Dedicated Predictions (1/10)

Coding Scheme Configurations in Transmitters


Type of configuration containing thepossible coding schemes which can be

served by the current transmitter

Defines the capability (or not)of the station to support or not

packet-switched traffic




Coding Scheme Configurations in Terminals (Optional)

Max supported GPRS or

EDGE CS by the terminal


Support of voice only

(GSM) or packet switched

traffic (GPRS or

GPRS\EDGE)

Type of optional configuration containing

the possible coding schemes which can

be supported by the current terminal




Generic Dialogs (General, Condition, Display tabs)

Available Coverage Prediction Templates

GPRS/EDGE Coding Scheme

• Coding Schemes selected according to assigned Coding Scheme configuration and radio conditions

Throughput Predictions

• RLC/MAC throughput/TS: gross throughput directly obtained from Coding Schemes

• Application throughput/TS: obtained from RLC/MAC Throughput + scaling factor and offset defined per

service

• Max throughput: Application throughput/TS multiplied by the number of TS available per connection

(defined in Terminals – number of available TS + number of available carriers in case of EGPRS2 - and

in Services)

• User throughput: Max throughput reduced by the reduction factor due to user multiplexing as defined in a

selected dimensioning model

Quality Predictions

• BLER obtained from the difference between the served RLC/MAC throughput/TS and the maximum

RLC/MAC throughput/TS that the served Coding Scheme can provide.






Server Selection• All



• HCS servers

• Highest priority HCS server


Shadowing considered or not + Cell Edge Coverage ProbabilityIndoor coverage or not (receiver located indoor)


Consideration or not of the receiver noise N (or user-defined value)

Filter on interfered TRX types (or all)

Optional interference computations• Separated study of the contribution of co and/or adjacent channels, external sources of interferences

(e.g. UMTS network)







GPRS/EDGE Specific Options

Limitation to GPRS or EDGE Coding Schemes only (or both)

Min Coding Scheme between C and C/I graphs or max Coding Scheme between C/N and

C/I+N graphs

Ideal link adaptation (selection of the Coding Scheme providing the highest throughput)

Consideration of specific terminal and mobilities for compliancy with selected terminals and

mobilities in codec configuration

Possibility to colour the pixels depending on

Coding Scheme, Best Coding Scheme

Throughput per timeslot, best and average throughput per timeslot

• RLC/MAC Throughput/TS

• Application Throughput/TS

Effective Throughput per connection, best and average effective throughput per connection• Max Throughput

• User Throughput

BLER or max BLER


P k S i D di d P di i (6/10)




GPRS/EDGE Coding Schemes


P k t S i D di t d P di ti (7/10)



GPRS/EDGE Coding Schemes


Overlapping zones

with a lower quality

and consequently

with a lower Coding

Scheme

High quality areas

of a purely GPRS

transmitter

CS4

High quality areas of a

EDGE-capable

transmitter

MCS9


High quality areas of

a EGPRS2-capable

transmitter

DBS11




Packet Throughput and Quality


Selection of a propagation model to extract from

it the throughput reduction factor due to user

multiplexing – Only used in User Throughputs







RLC/MAC and Application Throughputs


Application throughput

reduction compared to

RLC/MAC throughput


P i t I t f A l i (1/3)



Point Interference Analysis (1/3)

Interference Window of Point Analysis Tool

Selection of potentially interfered transmitter

Indoor reception or not (receiver located indoor)

Filter on interfered TRX type (or all)

Filter on interferers

• Possibility to consider any combination of co-channel, adjacent channel or external interferences (e.g.

UMTS network)

Possibility to consider or not the receiver noise N

Analysis

• NH : per TRX type

• BBH : per TRX type and MAL

• SFH : per TRX type and MAL-MAIO

Std deviation type (model or C/I) + Cell Edge Coverage Probability

Reduction factor on signal and interference levels represented by partly filled bars

• Interfered reception bar: reduction due to power offset

• Interferer reception bars: reduction due to power offset, adjacent channel protection level, fractional

load, mean power control

Display on the map of interferers and related contributions to total interference

• Differentiation between co-channel and adjacent channel interferers


P i t I t f A l i (2/3)



Confidential – Do not share without prior permission


Interference Tab in Point Analysis Window

Display of co-

channel

interference

Signal level

(C) of the

potential

victim at thereceiver

Transmitters participating in

the noise determination

Resulting C/I or C/I+N value

Studied

transmitter,

subcell and

TRX

Received noise

(I) from

surrounding co-

and adjacent

channels at the

receiver

Interference area

based on C/I

conditions

© Forsk 2012 Slide 63 of 75

Display of

adjacent channel

interference

Interference

types




Confidential – Do not share without prior permission

Details Tab in Point Analysis Window


Signal level and

interference level

for each received

transmitter on the

receiver location

© Forsk 2012 Slide 64 of 75

Interference area

based on C/I

conditions



5 Neighbour Allocation




Detailed information about Neighbour Allocation is available in Atoll_3.1.0_Neighbours.pdf


http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Atoll_3.1.0_Neighbours.pdf

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Atoll_3.1.0_Neighbours.pdf



6 Frequency Plan Analysis




Network Consistency Checking

Find On Map Tool

Frequency Histograms




Find On Map Tool (1/4)




Tool to visualise channel and BSIC reuse on the map

Possibility to find transmitters which are assigned a given :

• Channel (of a specified type – broadcast or not)

• BCCH-BSIC pairs

• HSNs

• MAIOs

• Any combination of any resource

Possibility to generate a report listing all the transmitters that use the searched channel (co-channel) and its adjacent channels

Possibility to generate a report listing all the transmitters that use the searched (BSIC-BCCH)

pair

Possibility to generate a report listing all the transmitters that use the searched (Channel-

HSN) pair

Way to use this tool

Create and calculate a coverage by transmitter with a colour display by transmitter

Open the Find on Map tool available in the toolbar






Channel Reuse on the Map

Select the “GSM Channel” option


Colours given to transmitters

• Red: co-channel transmitters

• Orange: co-channel transmitters and different subcell

• Yellow: multi-adjacent channel (-1 and +1) transmitters

• Green: adjacent channel (-1) transmitters

• Blue: adjacent channel (+1) transmitters

• Grey + Thin Line Symbol: other transmitters

Search type

Search

options




BSIC-BCCH Reuse on the Map

Select the “BSIC-BCCH Pair” option




• Red : searched transmitters

• Grey : others

Search type

Search options

(BSIC given in value

or in NCC-BCC)




Channel-HSN Reuse on the Map




• Red : searched transmitters

• Grey : others

Search type

Search

options





Display of the Frequency Distribution

Available by selecting frequency plan and channel distribution… in the transmitters folder

context menu




THANK YOU!

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Atoll 3.1.2 Gsm Gprs Edge