GSM-R 1

GSMGSM--RR

GSM-R 2

• Introduction to GSM-R

• Railway Applications

• Network Features & Functions

• Vendor’s Solution

• Introduction to GSM-R

• Railway Applications

• Network Features & Functions

• Vendor’s Solution

GSM-R 3

GSM-R specificity

• Private networks dedicated to Railway operators

• High speed trains communications : up to 500 km/h

• Cab radio : train mounted terminals

• New features supported to meet Railway operators needs

• Separate frequency band

• Private networks dedicated to Railway operators

• High speed trains communications : up to 500 km/h

• Cab radio : train mounted terminals

• New features supported to meet Railway operators needs

• Separate frequency band

GSM-R 4

Issues with the current architecture

• Multiple communication systems needed for different applications

• Different frequencies utilized

• Multiple country standards

• Multiple communication systems needed for different applications

• Different frequencies utilized

• Multiple country standards

• High Training, Operation & Maintenance costs

• Low spectrum efficiency, increases costs

• Limited support for cross-border traffic

• High Training, Operation & Maintenance costs

• Low spectrum efficiency, increases costs

• Limited support for cross-border traffic

Lower cost solutions requiredLower cost solutions required

GSM-R 5

Requirements developed for a new common communication

standard for the railways

Requirements developed for a new common communication

standard for the railways

GSM selected as preferred standard

GSM selected as preferred standard

UICUIC

EIRENEEIRENE

In charge of development & testing of a GSM-R system based on EIRENE’s defined

specifications

In charge of development & testing of a GSM-R system based on EIRENE’s defined

specificationsMORANEMORANE

ETSIETSI

GSM-R, Ready for deploymentGSM-R, Ready for deployment

INDUSTRIAL PARTNERS

INDUSTRIAL PARTNERS

GSM-R Definition

GSM-R 6

GSM-R frequencies

f/MHz

45 MHz

25 MHz10 MHz 25 MHz10 MHz4 MHz 4 MHz

DownlinkUplink

R- GSM R- GSME-GSME-GSM

GSM-R Terminals

20 GSM channels available for GSM-R frequencies

876 880 890 915 921 925 935 960

GSM-R 7

GSM-R Advantages

• High Reliability • Improved responsiveness• High Reliability • Improved responsiveness

• Lower infrastructure costs• Interoperability with international networks• Benefits from global GSM R&D program

and economies of scale

• Lower infrastructure costs• Interoperability with international networks• Benefits from global GSM R&D program

and economies of scale

• Simplified maintenance• Simplified maintenance

• Reduced licence fees• Reduced licence fees

• Reduced training costs• Improved operational efficiency• Reduced training costs• Improved operational efficiency

• Improved passengers satisfaction• New revenue generation source• Improved passengers satisfaction• New revenue generation source

Single frequency utilizationSingle frequency utilization

New passengers applicationsNew passengers applications

Common Standard technologyCommon Standard technology

Centralized OA&MCentralized OA&M

Shared infrastructureShared infrastructure

Standard applications with common interfaceStandard applications with common interface

EIRENE’s business case identified GSM-R as the most appropriate technology

EIRENE’s business case identified GSM-R as the most appropriate technology

GSM-R 8

• Introduction to GSM-R

• Railway Applications

• Network Features & Functions

• Nortel’s Solution

• Introduction to GSM-R

• Railway Applications

• Network Features & Functions

• Nortel’s Solution

GSM-R 9

Track to train communications

DMS-MSCDMS-MSC

VOICEData Network

Controller - Driver Communications : provide communications between the controller(s) and driver to control and enhance the safety of train movements.

Controller Controller -- Driver CommunicationsDriver Communications : provide communications between the controller(s) and driver to control and enhance the safety of train movements.

• Sending of Position InformationMessages from the Train to the TCC

• Sending of Movement AuthorityMessages from Train Control Center to Train

• Sending of Position InformationPosition InformationMessages from the Train to the TCC

• Sending of Movement AuthorityMovement AuthorityMessages from Train Control Center to Train

• Air conditioning• Brake testing equipment• Fixed installations such as points or

level crossing barraries

• Air conditioning• Brake testing equipment• Fixed installations such as points or

level crossing barraries

Remote Control supportsbidirectional data flow between fixed center and the train

Remote ControlRemote Control supportsbidirectional data flow between fixed center and the train

Automatic Train Controlis the process by which the movement of a train is influenced without any action by the driver

Automatic Train ControlAutomatic Train Controlis the process by which the movement of a train is influenced without any action by the driver

GSM-R 10

Emergency Area BroadcastEmergency Area Broadcast is required to alert other railway staff in a specific area of an emergency situation.

The feature supports:• Fast Call Setup• Area definition• Single emergency key stroke: Red button• Origination from controllers or other wireline subscribers, train driver, shunting, trackside worker or any other type of user at risk

DMS-MSCDMS-MSC

Voice

GSM-R 11

Shunting and Trackside Maintenance

Communications between:• shunting leader• shunting driver• other shunting team members• signal man (fixed network)• shunting manager (fixed network)• train controller (fixed network)

Communications between:• shunting leader• shunting driver• other shunting team members• signal man (fixed network)• shunting manager (fixed network)• train controller (fixed network)

• Voice group calls between workers at a site • Wide area communication: workers at a site,

distant workers or fixed network positions (controllers, stations, technical department,..)

• Supports automatic track warning systems

• Voice group calls between workers at a site • Wide area communication: workers at a site,

distant workers or fixed network positions (controllers, stations, technical department,..)

• Supports automatic track warning systems

ShuntingShunting

Trackside Maintenance Trackside Maintenance

GSM-R 12

And other services ...

• Voice communication support for on board Staff to increase efficiency of operations

• Customer support services: public addresses by voice, seat reservation, timetables

• Revenue generating Data services eg. Ticketing and information services

• Voice communication support for on board Staff to increase efficiency of operations

• Customer support services: public addresses by voice, seat reservation, timetables

• Revenue generating Data services eg. Ticketing and information services

• Track side, non train-originated communication (eg. Road vehicles, track inspectors, railway police, access to private network or PSTN)

• Railroad maintenance communication

• Track side, non train-originated communication (eg. Road vehicles, track inspectors, railway police, access to private network or PSTN)

• Railroad maintenance communication

• Coin operated telephone or telefaxcommunication for on board passengers

• Access to the Internet

• Coin operated telephone or telefaxcommunication for on board passengers

• Access to the Internet

Train support CommunicationsTrain support Communications

Wide Area CommunicationsWide Area Communications

Passenger services Passenger services

• General radio• General radioLocal communications at stations and depotsLocal communications at stations and depots

GSM-R 13

Covered Areas

Railways Train Stations

Copyright © 1996 Northern Telecom

Railroad DepotsTunnels

GSM-R 14

• Introduction to GSM-R

• Railway Applications

• Network Features & Functions

• Nortel’s Solution

• Introduction to GSM-R

• Railway Applications

• Network Features & Functions

• Nortel’s Solution

GSM-R 15

Network features and functions

GSM InfrastructureGSM Infrastructure

eMLPPeMLPP VBSVBS VGCSVGCSTelecommunicationTelecommunicationServices Services -- ASCIASCI

FunctionalFunctionalAddressingAddressing

LocationLocationDependentDependentAddressingAddressing

AccessAccessMatrixMatrix

Railway OperationRailway OperationAspectsAspects

Railway ApplicationsRailway Applications

Presentation Presentation of Functionalof Functional

NumbersNumbers

Controller-Driver Operational Communications

Automatic Train Control

Remote Control

Emergency Area Broadcast

Shunting

Trackside Maintenance

Train Support Communications

Local Communications at Station and Depots

Wide Area Communications

Passenger Services

GSM-R 16

GSM-R specific functions & features

eMLPPeMLPP

VBSVBS

VGCSVGCS

TelecomTelecom--municationmunicationServices Services --Advanced Advanced speech call speech call items (ASCI)items (ASCI)

FunctionalFunctionalAddressingAddressing

LocationLocationDependentDependentAddressingAddressing

AccessAccessMatrixMatrix

Railway Railway OperationOperationAspectsAspects

Presentation ofPresentation ofFunctionalFunctionalNumbersNumbers

Allows a user or an application to be reached Allows a user or an application to be reached by means of a number which identifies the by means of a number which identifies the relevant function and not the physical terminalrelevant function and not the physical terminalPresents visual information about the call Presents visual information about the call destination and origination via user to user destination and origination via user to user signallingsignalling

Provides access control within/among groups of Provides access control within/among groups of usersusers

Provides the routing of mobile originated calls to Provides the routing of mobile originated calls to the correct controllerthe correct controller

enhanced Multienhanced Multi--Level Precedence andLevel Precedence and PreemptionPreemptionallowing resourceallowing resource preemptionpreemption for priority callsfor priority calls

Voice Broadcast Services allowing groups of users Voice Broadcast Services allowing groups of users to receive common information to receive common information

Voice Group Call Service allowing groups of users Voice Group Call Service allowing groups of users to make calls within/among the groups to make calls within/among the groups

Dedicated functions requiring reliability, speed and flexiblityDedicated functions requiring reliability, speed and flexiblity

GSM-R 17

Enhanced Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emption Service

eMLPP service prevents network congestion while ensuringprioritized connection for emergency situations and specific users.

The eMLPP service consists of 2 parts:

Precedence - assigns a priority level for call setup and call continuity in case of handover.Pre-emption - in the absence of idle resources, a call of higher level precedence can seize the resources being used for a call of lower precedence

eMLPP service prevents network congestion while ensuringprioritized connection for emergency situations and specific users.

The eMLPP service consists of 2 parts:

Precedence - assigns a priority level for call setup and call continuity in case of handover.Pre-emption - in the absence of idle resources, a call of higher level precedence can seize the resources being used for a call of lower precedence

eMLpp service applies to:• Point-to-point calls• Voice Broadcast Service• Voice Group Call Service

Priority LevelsPriority Levels

Call SetCall Set--upupClassClass

eMLPPeMLPP

Pre-emptionCapabilities

QueuingQueuing

GSM-R 18

Voice Broadcast Service

Voice Broadcast Service allows the distribution of speech originated by:

•a service subscriber

•a dispatcher

to all or a group of service subscribers located in a pre-defined geographical area

A standard full duplex channel is provided to the originator of VBS

A Simplex channel is provided to the receiving subscribers

One common simplex downlink per cell of the VBS Group Call Area is allocated for frequency efficiency

Voice Broadcast Service allows the distribution of speech originated by:

•a service subscriber

•a dispatcher

to all or a group of service subscribers located in a pre-defined geographical area

A standard full duplex channel is provided to the originator of VBS

A Simplex channel is provided to the receiving subscribers

One common simplex downlink per cell of the VBS Group Call Area is allocated for frequency efficiency

DispatcherDispatcher

VBSOriginatingSubscriber

DispatcherDispatcher

GCA 1

GCA 2

GCA 3

GSM-R 19

Voice Group Call Service allows a group of service subscribers in a pre-defined service area to have a speech conversation

Voice Group Call Service includes all the functionalities in Voice Broadcast Service

In addition, the originator can pass the full duplex channel to another subscriber

Dispatchers involved in the group calls can talk at any moment, while service subscribers have to signal when they wish to talk

Voice Group Call Service

Dispatcher

ShuntingLeader

ShuntingTeam

Members

Driver

ShuntingShuntingGroupGroup

CallCall

GSM-R 20

Functional Addressing

Functional Addressing allows a user or an application to be reached by means of a number which identifies the relevant function and not the physical terminal

The GSM features involved are:àUSSD for Registration, deregistration and interrogation of functional numbersà “Follow Me” for call setupFunctional HLR manages the mapping of Functional Numberto MSISDNFunctional numbers presentation using the end-to-end supplementary service UUS1 (user-to-user signaling)ControllerController

Controller calling a FunctionalNumber to reach the driver ona specific train number

GMSCGMSC

HLRm

FixedNetwork

IMSI MSISDN

MSC/VLRMSC/VLR

GCR

Functional # CFU MSISDN

Functional HLR

GSM-R 21

Location Dependent Addressingallows the routing of mobile originated calls to the correct controller by evaluating the mobile subscribers actual location at the time.

Location Dependent Addressing will initially be based on the Cell Specific Routing procedures - Short code triggered Mobile originated calls are routed based on Cell Of Origin, as defined by EIRENE and MORANE.

More accurate positioning of the train can be achieved by:àExternal positional deviceàIN based Location Dependent Addressing

Location Dependent Addressing

Controller #2

ISDNISDN

Controller #1

1 Train Driver originates a call using a

specific Short Code

BBSSCC

BBSSCC

DMSDMS--HLRHLR

AUC DMSDMS--MSCMSC

VLR

BBTTSS

BBTTSS

2 MSC then routes the call based on the Cell Identification, to the appropriate controller of that train area

GSM-R 22

Access Matrix

à Each GSM-R functional call is screened to determine if a connection between the originator’s function and the terminator’s function is allowed according to the defined Access Matrix.

à For each originating function, the Access Matrix defines the terminating functions which allow connection.

à The originator Class Of Registration is stored in the HLRm function.à The terminator’s Class of Registration (and function) is derived from the Railway

Subscriber Number dialed digits

LeadingDriver

OtherDrivers

OperationsSupport

Train Prep &SupervisionSystems

Customer SupportSystems

Ticketing

TrainControlerLeadingDriver

OtherDrivers

OperationsSupport

Train Prep &SupervisionSystemsCustomer SupportSystems

Ticketing

X X

X

X X

TrainControler

X

X

X

X

GSM-R 23

• Nortel Overview

• Introduction to GSM-R

• Railway Applications

• Network Features & Functions

• Vendor’s Solution

• Nortel Overview

• Introduction to GSM-R

• Railway Applications

• Network Features & Functions

• Vendor’s Solution

GSM-R 24

BBTTSS

BBSSCC

BBSSCC

BBSSCC

BBSSCC

PSTN/PLMN/

Data Network/ISDN

OtherEIRENEsystem

ServiceBuilderIN

SCPSCE

ServiceBuilder IN

MSCMSC

HLR

VLR GCR

AUC

BBTTSS

BBTTSS

BBTTSS

BBTTSS

OPTION

Infrastructure of the network

PABX

CAB RADIO

Operational Radio

General purpose RadioVMSVMS SMSSMSEIREIROMC-S

OMC-R

OSS

ATC Centers

Dispatcher centers

Data Network

LAN

Data Data ServerServer

GSM-R 25

BSS impact

RBS to be adapted to support• GSM-R frequencies• ASCI feature

RBS to be adapted to support• GSM-R frequencies• ASCI feature

BSC to be adapted to support ASCI features :• Group call management• New channels management

BSC to be adapted to support ASCI features :• Group call management• New channels management

GSM-R 26

High Speed impacts

High Speed affects signal qualityVendor’s antidistorsion algorithm enhances received signal quality

High Speed affects signal qualityVendor’s antidistorsion algorithm enhances received signal quality

RxQual follows signal strenght

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 (dB)

1e-3

1e-2

1e-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

RXQ

UAL

BER

Eb/N0

Legend1 Antennacorr. = 1 (sep=.01wl)corr. = .9 (sep=.5wl)corr. = .6 (sep=1wl)corr. = .2 (sep=9wl)corr. = .2 (sep=20wl)

500 km/h

Poor & saturatedRxQual

GSM-R 27

High Speed Handover

10 km500 km/h

1 Handover every 70 s

Handling of fast mobility within GSM-R networks:Early Hand-Over Decision Algorithm

Handling of fast mobility within GSM-R networks:Early Hand-Over Decision Algorithm

GSM-R 28

NSS impact

• Group call management • Maximum priority per subscriber (HLR)• New element : Group Call Register (GCR)

Contains information on group calls : group ID, a list of dispatchers, Group Call Area (GCA), priority associated to a broadcast call, etc.

ServiceBuilderTM

Intelligent Network

Service Creation and Management Environment

SCPSCPSCP(CSE)(CSE)(CSE)

SMCSMCSMC

IN based sulution to support• Functional Adressing• Location Dependant Adressing• Access Matrix• Other IN services : VPN, Welcome to this Area,

Location Inquiry (for location dependent information alert)

HLR

GCR

AUC

VLR

DMS-MSC

GSM-R 29

GSM-R Terminals

HandsetsHandsets• General purpose radio• Operational Radio• Shunting

Trackside terminalsTrackside terminals Using GALA terminals as trackside emergency phones

“Cab RadioCab Radio• Track-to-Train radio, ATC, Data• Redundant ATC access (2 ETCS Interfaces)• Support of 2 cabs (driver positions)• Driver can use Handheld when leaving cab

Integration of Railway specific featuresCan use the public GSM network as a fall-back

Integration of Railway specific featuresCan use the public GSM network as a fall-back

GSM-R 30

Cab Radio System (Planned)

• Track-to-Train radio, ATC, Data Communication (Remote Train Diag.)• Redundant ATC access (2 ETCS Interfaces)• Support of 2 cabs (driver positions) for driver MMI• MMI based on MORANE/EIRENE guidelines• Driver can use Handheld (HH) when leaving cab for train inspection)• Compatibility with existing equipment (On-Board cabling,..)

• Track-to-Train radio, ATC, Data Communication (Remote Train Diag.)• Redundant ATC access (2 ETCS Interfaces)• Support of 2 cabs (driver positions) for driver MMI• MMI based on MORANE/EIRENE guidelines• Driver can use Handheld (HH) when leaving cab for train inspection)• Compatibility with existing equipment (On-Board cabling,..)

MT Mobile TeminalHH Handheld TerminalRCS Radio Channel ServerD DataV VoicePS. Power SupplyETCS European Train Control

SystemEMS EIRENE Mobile Station

Service Interface

Intercom / PA (UIC 568)

Parallel I/F

Fax / Data Modem (RS 422)

ETCS #1ETCS #2

Event Recorder

MT MTMT

VVVD D D

RCS

PS1 PS2

HH

Direction Switch ForewardDirection Switch Backward

Cab #1 Cab #2

PS1

Portable Cab Radio

EMS HH

Portable Cab Radio

GSM-R 31

Capacity and Dimensioning issues

3Processing and management of group calls

3Priority level management

3High percentage of IN calls

3Processing and management of group calls

3Priority level management

3High percentage of IN calls

3Group call management3 Load depends on Group Call Area size

3Group call management3 Load depends on Group Call Area size

3Long Group calls (shunting) and ATC3 High percentage of data and IN calls3Mobility

3Long Group calls (shunting) and ATC3 High percentage of data and IN calls3Mobility

3 Group calls : 1 TCH per cell per call3 NCH : impact on AGCH and PCH capability3 Data calls

3 Group calls : 1 TCH per cell per call3 NCH : impact on AGCH and PCH capability3 Data calls

3Group Calls3IN calls

3Group Calls3IN calls

MSC CapacityMSC Capacity

BSC CapacityBSC Capacity

New Call ProfileNew Call Profile

Air InterfaceAir Interface

A - InterfaceA - Interface

GSM-R 32

Future markets in Europe

AustriaAustria

2 000 km2 000 km

FranceFrance

13 000 km13 000 km

SpainSpain

5 000 km5 000 km

GermanyGermany30 000 km30 000 km

ItalyItaly

1 000 km1 000 km

SwedenSweden

7 000 km7 000 km

BeneluxBenelux

3 000 km3 000 km

SwitzerlandSwitzerland

GSM-R 33

Mapping of applications to functions

Train Controller calling train driver

Controller informing group of train or users in its area

Train driver calling train contoller

Driver communicating with other on-train drivers

Preparation of shunting

Conducting shunting movement

Emergency call (general, shunting,..)

High priority call; no ressources available in BSS

Functional addressing, eMLPP

Functional addressing, eMLPPVoice Broadcast service

Location dependent addressingeMLPP

Multi-party call, eMLPPon-board wired system

Voice Group Call Service, eMLPP (low priority)

Voice Group Call Service, eMLPP (high priority)link assurance signal

eMLPP with fast call setup,Voice Group Call Service

eMLPP- Resource pre-emption