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greetingsin mits
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T1
~ masǝxihua
~ pake’et
greetings, responses and leavetakings
in mitsqanaqan ̓
<<<
Kitsepawit (Fernando Librado)
~ ~ ~
photographed by John Harrington
@
wene’mu (a s leeping p lace)
present ly
Hueneme
HAKU
¡ Introduct ion
¡ Name Avoidance
¡ Formal Greet ing ¡ Responses
¡ Salutat ions
¡ More Greet ings
¡ Leavetakings
ʔałyawyaʔaw
TABLE OF CONTENTS
one who is
cheerful, contented
aya
qašǝ
elele
Black abalone, Red abalone, Keyhole limpet
The following are greetings (ways of addressing,) responses and leavetakings in our mitsqanaqan ̓ language.
When you see the red speaker symbol, you can run your cursor over it and it will reveal an audio player. You can hear the sound of the words. Just click on the play button and practice along.
In learning our greetings we are exposed to more than
pronunciation and our writing system (orthography.) We also learn about culture. So before getting into the greetings, I’d like to share with you a few cultural aspects related to addressing people.
INTRODUCTION
Today we might say, "Haku Jul ie," but in day’s past, we
wouldn’t dream of saying such a thing! Like other cultures around the world, we practice "name avoidance." Saying someone’s name is considered a form of cursing. Instead, we address people by kinship term or nickname. I wil l accompany this presentation with a shortl ist of these terms. As Fernando Librado told Harrington, "Nicknames are so much used, know some people for l i fe and never know their real names."
A related taboo is avoiding the names of the recently deceased. Instead, they are referred to indirectly, "the one who passed," "she who left ," or even less roundabout… "the one who l iked chocolate."
To begin speaking your language, even if only greetings, is to
reclaim culture in a big way!
NAME AVOIDANCE
(greetings, hello, welcome)
¡ The accent marks help us understand how a word is said. Usually, we will not write with accent marks, but it is useful when learning how to speak, so I include them here.
¡ Think of it like a skateboard or bike ramp. It goes up, and then down you go on the other side.
háku ̀
(Hello, hello, are you well?) This is our formal, and formulaic, greeting. We double up haku and then ask, “are you well?” There is an expected answer and it is:
( I am well)
lakwašwašǝtš
haku haku lahupwašwašǝtš
k : I am… RESPONSES
¡ tswaya heš ikpoš : I am happy
¡ muštšum heš ikpoš : I’m sad (my heart is no good)
¡ mukwašwašǝtš : I am not well ¡ kšuyaqša : I am sick
¡ kyawya’aw : I am cheerful!
RESPONSES
¡ kwatilala : I am tired
¡ koloq : I am hungry
¡ ne’ekaqkum : I am full (of food)
¡ kyułuł : I am angry
¡ ktaxtaxšǝtš : I am strong (I have force)
¡ tsiwǝwǝ heš ikpoš : I am exhilarated
MORE RESPONSES
Physical and Verbal
SALUTATIONS
A Page from the Harr ington notes .
PHYSICAL SALUTATION
These photos were taken wi th f r iends f rom the Nat ive Student A l l i ance at The Evergreen State
Col lege . Th i s i s in f ront
of sgᵂ igᵂ iaʔ l txᵂ “The House
Of Welcome,”
or
The Evergreen Longhouse
WHEN TWO PEOPLE APPROACH EACH OTHER THEY GIVE A LITTLE BOW THEN…
(One l ines up to the North and one to the South)
…WALK TO ONE PACE APART
Turn ing bodies s l ight ly a lso .
THEN BOTH TURN THEIR FACES TOWARD THE EAST
And then they begin to ta lk…
THEN TO THE WEST
¡ wašǝtš ’išnaxyǝt : good morning
¡ wašǝtš ’išaw : good day
¡ wašǝtš ’ismayǝ : good afternoon or evening
¡ wašǝtš ’isułkuw : good night
VERBAL SALUTATIONS
haku combinations
MORE GREETINGS
¡ ’al iwǝ : is a relation by affinity. These are friends and those you consider family who are not connected by blood, like in-laws etc.
¡ When we say a kinship term, we always have to say whose kin we’re speaking about. In our language, k, is the first person (I, me or my.) So, aliwǝ means “my relation.”
¡ You will notice that the k in aliwǝ is different than the k in haku. It has a “pop” to it. This is called an “ejective.” You eject the sound. You will see it written aliwǝ , or k’aliwǝ .
haku aliwǝgreetings, my relation
¡ haku aqsutiwǝ : greetings, my friend
¡ haku amiwu/amiwa : hola, mi amigo/amiga
¡ haku kišnuna : greetings my cousin
¡ haku kʰawa : greetings my aunt (mother’s sister)
¡ haku kʰtata : greetings my uncle (mother’s brother)
¡ haku kʰwotʰ : greetings my wotʰ (chief, capitan/a)
GREETING AND ADDRESSING
pʰqišǝtšǝš LEAVE
TAKINGS
¡ kna’ał : I go (away), I am leaving.
¡ kǝpǝ hukna’ał : now, I will go.
¡ kayakna’ał : ya me voy, I go now, I’m outta here
LEAVETAKINGS
Ok, we now know how to say I’m going, but what do we say when
we are staying and someone else is going?
¡ lakakayuqišqišǝtšàš : we’ll see each other again soon
¡ kakisikałna’ał he’išup : ya me voy, adios (literally God)
¡ pʰqišǝtšǝš : look after yourself (in health and business)
(lit. look at your body)
¡ pišqišǝtšǝš : look after yourselves (2)
¡ piqišǝtšǝš : look after yourselves (plural, 3+)
GOODBYE
and other vocabulary
KINSHIP TERMS ~
NICKNAMES
¡ kʰtete (kʰete) : my mother
¡ kʰkoko (kʰoko) : my father
¡ ami : my older sibling
(brother or sister)
¡ itšitš : my younger sibling
(brother or sister)
k : first person p : second person ts : th i rd person There are different terms for your mothers k in and your fathers k in .
KINSHIP TERMS
§ kʰawa/muk : my aunt
(mother’s sister/father’s sister)
§ tata/anǝš : my uncle
(mother’s brother/father’s brother)
§ kpopowaš/kwopowaš : my grandfather
(mother’s father/father’s father)
§ knenewaš/kapmamawaš : my grandmother
(mother’s mother/father’s mother)
§ išnuna : my cousin
¡ ’eqste ́ ’ye: cabezon (sheepshead fish)
nickname of Juan Justo Sr. because he
had a big head.
¡ he’l ’aqimay : the black fel low
nickname of Leandro Gonzales, who
was very dark complexioned.
¡ kopkop : toad
nickname of Juan Cansio.
¡ kʰnoyu’knoy : pollywog
Juan Justo, nicknamed by Juan Cansio.
Some of these n icknames are prev ious to conquest . Not ice the influence of Spanish in some of these .
NICKNAMES
§ kukulito : round ball
nickname of Francisco Constantino. He gained the nickname
because he served many functions; judge, teacher and choir
leader, passing from one role to another like a ball.
§ lakutiya : La Cutilla (the knife)
nickname of Angustia Garcia.
§ pesupesu : pesopeso
nickname of toponxele because he wore peso sized abalone
ornaments on his dance skirt.
§ silinahúwitíta
nickname for Mary Yee, derived from her relative silinahuwit,
aka Jose Venadero.
§ štuuy : young ground-squirrel
nickname for Ignacio of Santa Inez.
§ takaka : quail
§ tomolelu : one associated with the tomol
nickname of Pánfilo, from Sp. tomol-ero.
§ tšatšiyu : unknown
nickname of Juliana-Ignacio.
§ ’uškuk’ : islay stirrer
nickname of an unknown woman whose face was
narrow above and broad below, like a stirrer.
§ walawyù : he can transplant himself anywhere in an instant.
nickname of Arabio.
§ wonono : screetch owl
nickname of José Antonio Féliz.
§ helitsi : angelita
nickname, a shortened diminutive form of the Spanish.
¡ ha : aah! ; an exclamation of
surprise. English, ahh!
¡ haha! : hey! ; an exclamation of
gladness. This can also be used for
English; right on! and yeah!
¡ tapi, tapi : come in, come in (when
someone arrives at your home)
Here are some common words in our language which come into p lay wi th greet ings or other convers ing.
GREETING RELATED SAYINGS
