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Following on from our first very successful GreenBIM conference we are pleased to bring you our second digitally sustainable event focusing on the Construction and Assembly phase of the project lifecycle. This knowledge packed afternoon discussed practical strategies, techniques, and real-life case studies demonstrating how BIM can be used by project teams on construction sites to achieve better, more sustainable, outcomes for buildings and their occupants. Topics covered include behavioural change, BIM toolkit, BIM 4 Infrastructure, Product Data Templates, BIM implementation in Cophenhagen & much much more!
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Boardroom (551)
Lift
Toilets
Sign In
Round Table
5 (558)
Round Table
6 (559)
Round Table
4 (557)
Fire Exit
Fire Exit
Round Table
3 (555)
Tea / Coffee (553 & 554)
Round Table
1
Round Table
2
Collaborative working across the infrastructure industry
………… How hard can it be?!
April 2015
Anne Kemp, PhD, FICE, FRICS
Atkins Director and Fellow
VC Building Smart UK
Chair of ICE’s BIM Action Group, and of BIM4Infrastructure UK
The way into the problem - A Systemic
approach
.........”Contracts alone do not
deliver improved performance or
greater efficiency ……. further
efficiencies can be made by
aligning behaviours and
commercial arrangements
throughout the supply chain”.
(HM Treasury and Infrastructure
UK 2013:20).
“When people in organisations
focus on their own needs and
goals to the exclusion and
sometimes detriment of the wider
organisation and its aims – a lack
of joined up, systemic or holistic
thinking and behavior”.
Willcock (2013, xi)
Instigating change
There seems a lot of emotion around this
‘namby pamby’ soft stuff, generated from fear
and defensiveness – a classic response to
change. This resistance is pervasive. And it
is a problem. Until we allow ourselves to be
fully human and present in the workplace,
with respect – until self-awareness and
mindfulness can be integrated into the psyche
of the industry, will we continue to feed the
dysfunctional behaviours which cause so
much angst and frustration?
You will certainly hear some
people allege that they ’leave
feelings at home’ …… But work
stirs up emotion and why
wouldn’t it when so much of our
identity and satisfaction is
bound up in it. ....... (Rogers, 2010:15-16).
“Anne – this is not the softer side of BIM and collaborative working – this is the hard stuff”.
“The problem of sustaining
collaboration ... is the result of a
paradox – attempts to provide
solutions to the problem, particularly
from one perspective, rather than
providing the context and the means
for people to find their own” Willcock
2013:163.
“From a psychological perspective, an
attempt to force change in a human
system ……. can fall fowl of the
natural human defences they evoke”,
Willcock 2013:162
“Personally, I’m always ready to
learn,
Although I don’t always like being
taught”.
— Winston Churchill
Instigating change
Looking to the Individual
• Individual responsibility
• Developing self-awareness
• Developing mindfulness
• Supporting diversity of thinking
• Intrinsic motivation and “organic solidarity”
A trend in the industry is to measure
for competencies as part of the
bidding process. I am concerned
that on-going training and support to
develop these competencies into
embedded behaviours is not
provided. Bower et al (2012:2038)
confirm that competency does not
mean that individuals have the
willpower to consistently apply them.
The question then is “Where should
this come from?”
Turning to Leadership
and the energy to empower
individuals
“Senior leaders need to strike that match to light the fire and then use
their authority to empower others to fan it”
Willcock 2013:166.
……”while many people are keen to contribute more at work, the
behaviour of their managers and the culture of their organisation is
actively discouraging them from doing so”.
Alimo-Metcalfe and Alban-Metcalfe (2011:7)
“the concept of “shared” leadership .... leadership is not the sole
preserve of those occupying formal leadership roles, but also
emerges when people work together effectively”.
Alimo-Metcalfe et al (2011:8)
……..And the Responsibility of
Teams
Challenge and support model from Willcock (2013:47)
Too much identification with a team can get
in the way of collaboration
The Open Team behaves as a healthy
and balanced living system ….. it
evolves alongside other teams and
the organisation as a whole.
Working with a collaborative Open
Team may not feel especially cosy
at times…..
Difficult Conversations – Team Dialogue
The reluctance to be honest and speak up when things are not right
“a key personal disappointment has been “call it when you see it” name it, and much rather take risk of it happening and stating it early on rather than leaving it until the end”.
“Also a kind of - almost absence in UK construction industry - honesty in response -if there are things you have to have, you have to say it. You don’t just sit there”
“a clear, open channel for dialogue in order to communicate the good and the bad”
“in our world of construction its quite easy to hide behind contracts – done it for decades if not centuries”
Walking the Talk
A competency framework could be considered like a piece of music, a diagrammatic representation of the melody. It is only in the arrangement, playing and performance, however, that the piece truly comes to life.
(Bolden and Gosling 2006: from Alimo-Metcalfe and Alban-Metcalfe (2011:11)
The missing pieces to instil
collaborative working
• Alignment • Motivation • Leadership • Openness and trust • Relationships • Diversity
Interviewee S (Ref B6) Interviewee J (Ref D6) Interviewee R (Ref A2)
...... Trust is not an
emotional issue - its
practical – about
competence,
consistency and
openness. Thought
about that a long time –
often use that phrase.
In a sense can have
most lovely cuddly
relationship, but if they
are not competent,
consistent and open,
you can’t trust them.
Incredibly pragmatic
thing, trust.
Trust is right at the
top. Got to be open.
Trust is more a
human condition I
think, we’ve all got
our ways of
.approaching.... with
trust ... you won’t get
a collaborative
contract delivering the
goods unless there is
a complete trust.
Trust. How you build
that trust is the key. I
think that nearly
everything else leads
to creating that
trusting relationship.
Whether it be
information,
behaviours,
collocation, scope
clearing or whatever
it is or developing
those pieces. It all
comes back to trust.
If you don’t have
great, trusting
relationship at all
levels - I would put
that down as my
number one.
How do we make people feel “safe” to work
collaboratively?
Anne Kemp, 2014
Learning and Development
The need for better learning and
development, under-pinned by on-going
support ‘on-the-job’, which is where 70% of embedded learning occurs.
The future collaborative BIM team
One Shared Version of the Truth
Lonely, limp BIM
“BIM is driven by people and
process, underpinned by
collaboration. The basic
problem is that we have been
trained by the tribalists to fight
our corners….the Architect is
the enemy….the QS is the
enemy …the nasty Contractor
is the enemy and so on…….
It’s been ingrained in our DNA
and again its time to change.
The professions and disciplines
are not trained to collaborate
properly or play nicely in a
team. I believe this goes right
back to education and training,
how we create professionals”
(Eynon 2013).
Customers
Utilities
Structures
Energy
Environment
Misalignment - a key feature in break-downs of
relationships and trust
Misalignment
- a key feature in break-downs
of relationships and trust
Executives and senior managers have to commit to adopting such behaviours
– particularly the latter who are typically most reluctant to participate actively in leadership development, may yet adopt command and control behaviour when under stress, and yet are the most influential on organisational culture (Alimo-Metcalfe, et al 2000:11)
The Energy Within – Intrinsic Motivation
If it is true that to sustain motivation, it
needs to be intrinsic rather than extrinsic,
this impacts the whole of the system, and
how it is tuned. Perhaps focusing on this –
throughout the system – will help to get a
better gearing of the system, and a more
powerful source of sustained energy.
: ......”Shared meaning is much more than
fulfilling your mission statement – it’s about
forging and maintaining powerful
connections between personal and
organizational values. When you do that,
you foster individuality and a strong culture
at the same time” Goffee and Jones
(2013:9).
Anne Kemp, 2014
SYST
EMS
PEO
PLE
User Applications
Engaged, motivated, valued people with tools to
diagnose, predict and advise
SER
VIC
E
A responsive, efficient, flexible railway that adapts to variations in demand and perturbations
Predictable 24/7 service
Seamless from street to platform
Comfortable, smooth,
uninterrupted
Safely to your destination
Customer service
Ops & Control Asset
Technicians
ASS
ETS
Asset Information Intelligent Assets that manage themselves and
require minimal human intervention
Stations
Rolling stock
Infrastructure
Ob
jective - intelligen
t infrastru
cture
Central Data
Hub
SYST
EMS
PEO
PLE
User Applications
Engaged, motivated, valued people with tools to diagnose, predict and advise
SER
VIC
E A responsive, efficient, flexible railway that adapts to variations in demand and perturbations
Predictable 24/7 service
Seamless from street to platform
Comfortable, smooth, uninterrupted
Safely to your destination
Customer service Ops & Control Asset Technicians
ASS
ETS
Asset Information
Intelligent Assets that manage themselves and require minimal human intervention
Stations
Rolling stock
Infrastructure
Objective - intelligent infrastructure
Central Data Hub
Cognitive Providing common purpose, rationale and ongoing narrative to create shared context for
collaboration.
Behavioural Developing as ‘Open Teams’ and role modelling collaboration. Leaders need to step into the organisation and show commitment
to that way of working.
Emotional Creating a safe emotional environment for collaborative working, being mindful of
differing needs and stages of relationship development.
Situational Providing a framework of values and processes that support enquiry and
collaborative dialogue throughout the organisation.
Table 3: Energies to stimulate and motivate collaborative working
(Kemp, 2014 derived from Willcock 2013:165)
Key Recommendations Key Recommendations
Recommendation
A
Sustained and supported learning and
development
Recommendation
B Thought leadership on the “soft” issues
Recommendation
C
The common sense and conscience
monitor
Recommendation
E
A sense of balance - use of the
framework as a tool
Recommendation
F Consider further:
Alignment and Motivation
Group Dynamics and Team Working
Openness
Leadership
Mindfulness
Empowering leadership at an individual level, guided by an intrinsic motivation in alignment with the system as a whole may sound like a panacea, but isn’t a bad aspiration to set off with.
If the individual and the collective responsibility can align, then collaborative working should become self-sustaining
Input from an appropriate ‘common sense and conscience’ monitor with the duty to continually scan the landscape for challenges to the collaborative working dynamic would seem an important feature for the long term health of the system.
Anne Kemp, 2014
The essence of being human – more than simply intellect Alignment, motivation Leadership, relationships, trust, diversity (of thinking)
Our digital future - http://vimeo.com/101752405
Health and Safety Moment First case of IAD from Google Glass – 14 October 2014
Mind change Susan Greenfield, 2014
The merging of our virtual and physical worlds – how far do we go?
There is no overnight solution to collaborative working.
The recommendations emerging from this research investigation provide practical steps to instil collaborative working in the infrastructure industry.
But the operative word is instil - this is a long term, and gradual transformation which requires commitment, quiet determination, resolution and persistence.
And being braver about the “softer” issues will certainly help.
Conclusions
Anne Kemp, 2014
The Project
2014 2015
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
Scope Brief Phase 1 - Define Phase 2 - Deliver
Clients Brief Team Industry
BIM Toolkit and Level-2 BIM
How will the BIM Toolkit benefit those working within the level-2 BIM process?
Standards are freely available at - http://shop.bsigroup.com/BIM
Assessment and need
Procurement Post-contract
award and mobilisation
Production
Figure taken from PAS1192-2:2013 – Copyright Mervyn Richards
Maintenance and use
Assessment and need
Figure taken from PAS1192-2:2013 – Copyright Mervyn Richards
Assessment and need
Client determines their plain language questions
(determines the need)
Client produces their employer’s information requirements
(Required information to meet the needs as defined in PLQs)
Information requirements aligned to the project stages
This is part of the tender documentation
Assessment and need – BIM Toolkit
At the start of the project the client
has not assembled their team
Assessment and need – BIM Toolkit
At strategy/brief stage it is possible to
determine information needs
Assessment and need – BIM Toolkit
Tasks and deliverables are assigned to roles
prior to the team being assembled
This information may be exported
Assessment and need
Export to MS Excel for inclusion within the EIR document
(PDF)
…and export to IFC/COBie for digital
re-use
Procurement
Figure taken from PAS1192-2:2013 – Copyright Mervyn Richards
Procurement
Bidders respond with their pre-contract BIM execution plan
Proposed responsibility of bidders supply-chain is provided
The client can compare these against their original information
requirements
Selection can take place
Assessment and need – BIM Toolkit
The proposed roles have been assigned
The proposed project team has
been added
Each item, at each stage has a party
responsible
The bidder
Production
Figure taken from PAS1192-2:2013 – Copyright Mervyn Richards
Production
From design suppliers to construction suppliers:
The federated Project Information Model begins to grow
dPOW defines the what, the when and who
Information exchanges between supply-chain
Information delivery to the client as agreed in EIR
Documented classification and data structure allows for verification
Assessment and need – BIM Toolkit
Moving into the design phases the team is now
assembled and the information requirements
grow
Assessment and need – BIM Toolkit
A definitions library of 6,000 items across all construction disciplines will be provided
Assessment and need – BIM Toolkit
LOI-6 contains the standard COBie properties for transfer
to the asset management systems
Assessment and need – BIM Toolkit
The definitions library covers infrastructure in addition to
buildings
Assessment and need – BIM Toolkit
RICS were part of the core team and have provided
classification mappings to NRM1
Assessment and need – BIM Toolkit
Advanced search technology is used to take the complexity
away from classification
Deliverables
COBie XLS IFC 2x3
Documents
EIR
Data
Objects
Documents
Objects
Documents
Objects
Documents
Objects
Documents
Objects
Documents
Objects
Spreadsheet BIM Tool XML
Validation Process Overview
Requirements
COBieLite
Validation
IFC Exchange
DPoW Exchange
BEP
Data
DPoW Exchange
Schema too rich
Schema too loose
Assessment and need – BIM Toolkit
A free online viewer allows the delivery
to be verified against the demand
Operation
Figure taken from PAS1192-2:2013 – Copyright Mervyn Richards
BIM & SUSTAINABILITY
ThinkBIM Leeds Beckett University
Dr James HARTY BArch MArchSc RIBA MAA
Wednesday 1st April 2015
Thom Mayne FAIA
• “If you want to survive, you’re going to change; if you don’t, you’re going to perish. It’s as simple as that.”
Thom Mayne, FAIA, 2005 Pritzker Prize Winner, during the Building Information Modeling Panel Discussion at the 2005 AIA national convention in Las Vegas.
MacLeamy Curve /RIBA Plan of Work 2013
Impact on Project
Project's Time Line
Re
so
urc
es
/Co
st
Traditional Workphases Cost of Design Changes
Ability to Make Changes New Tendencies
Slide 101/48
Performance
• Digitalisation opens the door for a matrix of analysis, performance metrics and simulation to take centre stage, instead of the trusted pencil and tracing paper, which cannot be tested.
Slide 104/48
Replacing Rhetoric with Reality
• It extends, gladly, this process into the everyday use of the building, with post-occupancy checklists and environmental performance data, while ultimately giving society a better end product. – This hopefully then restores
certainty, and replaces rhetoric with reality (Harty, Laing 2010).
Slide 109/48
Three Pillars of Excellence
• Ultimately with constructive feedback the ‘Three Pillars’ of constructing excellence can be met: Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE), true Evidence-Based Design (EBD) and better project briefing. – EBD is the realisation that
design options should be based on researched evidence rather than the intuition of the designer (Ulrich 2001).
Slide 110/48
Apps/Bots
• This can include apps (applications) or bots (robots) that process the information finding solutions and approving or flagging issues that would otherwise take much time (Harty 2012). – Examples of this are digital
building code approval, or search engines that automatically find building products that meet an element’s increasingly-refined properties (Obonyo 2010).
SME’s
• ‘There were an estimated 4.9 million businesses in the UK which employed 24.3 million people, and had a combined turnover of £3,300 billion. SMEs accounted for 99.9 per cent of all private sector businesses in the UK, 59.3 per cent of private sector employment and 48.1 per cent of private sector turnover’ – (Federation of Small
Businesses 2013)
Slide 112/48
Technology
• A technologist is one who can implement, understand and communicate the new requirements in a salient, appropriate manner, stressing who is the bearer of this news and who can guarantee safe passage, to those who can best be served by better informed design, whether they are clients, users or society at large.
Slide 113/48
Vasari Revit Energy analysis
Exam 30.10.2014
Individual
3D Renders
Documents
BIM
Cost/Time
Carbon
Drawings
Wind analysis
Back
Slide 121/48
Abuse
• Sustainability, energy consumption and embodied carbon appreciation are all a result of poor management and abuse of the finite resources this planet has to offer.
Slide 125/48
Mapping Virtuality
• Practically speaking, Augmented Reality (AR) is the mapping of the virtual world onto the real one.
• It allows both worlds to be experienced together at the same time, meaning the proposal can be assessed before being realised. – Where this will truly pay
dividends is when the model filters down to the least expected actor in the project.
Slide 130/48
Augmented Reality
• For example, this could mean an electrician seeing where the light switch is to be placed or mounted on a wall … on his/her mobile device. – Conduits, methods and
expected qualities can be shown superimposed on the reality, location is correctly marked and both the components and their assembly correctly sequenced.
Slide 131/48
Scalability
• Bringing consultants, developers and users closer together integrates design better (Gravad, Brenøe 2014). – Buildability improves; both
sustainability and digitalisation become the driving force for better communication among the customer, design team, contractor, subcontractor and supplier (Manthorpe 2014)
Slide 136/48
Leica Geosystems ‘BIM Field Trip’
Robotic Setting-out
thinkBIM | greenBIM, Leeds
1st April 2015
@MarkF_Leica
@Survey4BIM
143 143
Agenda
Who are Leica Geosystems?
Leica Geosystems – 200 years of excellence
Leica’s BIM Field Trip – Design to Field
What is Leica’s BIM Field Trip and what are the benefits?
Robotic Total Station technology – efficient Setting-out
Optical positioning
ENRICH – Taking BIM data to the Field
Leica Construction setting-out
VALIDATE – Capture the as-built
As-constructed validation for QC
145 145
Office Field
Reality Model
BIM Field Trip – Bridging the Gap
INFORM
Pre-Construction /
FM As-Built
VALIDATE
As-Built During
Construction (QA)
ENRICH
Construction
Layout
146 146
Before Total Stations Optical, Angle and Distance Measurement Sensor
Theodolites measure Horizontal and Vertical angles accurately
Integrate distance measurement for 3D point coordinate
147 147
What is a Total Station / MultiStation? Angle, distance measurement sensor and more…
Hz & V angle sensor
Distance measurement
Motorised
Auto-aim & follow target
Target Search
Powerful software
Weatherproof
Cameras x2
3D Laserscanner
148 148
What is a Total Station? Optical, Angle and Distance Measurement Sensor
1. Upload design
coordinates
2. Position & orient
3. Aim, measure,
navigate to point
4. Mark ground
149 149
Total Station Setting-out Conventional: 2 person
Labour x2
Hand signals
Walkie-talkies
Slow
Skilled?
Error-prone?
150 150
Setting-out relative to Reference Line Almost 200 years of heritage
Insert ‘Control’ Points
in the model
155 155
Integrating Total Station & GPS (GNSS) Leica SmartStation & SmartPole
Work efficiently even with obstructed line-of-sight
159 159
ENRICH – Construction Layout How does it work?
Insert layout
points in the 3D
model & export
Leica Building Link
Plugin
Leica Total
Station
Construction
Layout
Import points into
the Total Station
and locate on site
Total Station turns
automatically to
layout points
160 160
VALIDATE – Construction Layout How does it work?
Monitor project
progress or validate
as-constructed
As-Constructed
Verification
Leica Total
Station & Scanner
Leica Building Link &
CloudWorx for CAD
Take single, multiple
or numerous
measurements
Import data into
Authoring tool to
check/compare
The Business Growth Service
Business Growth Service’ brings together:-
Manufacturing Advisory Service,
GrowthAccelerator,
Leadership & Management Training funding
PLUS: schemes from the Intellectual Property Office
(IP Audits) & the Design Council (Designing Mentoring)
Please use
whichever
logo is appropriate
for your
presentation and
delete the other
The Business Growth Service
Export support is provided by UKTI and UKEF.
Service closely linked to InnovateUK (formerly TSB).
Please use
whichever
logo is appropriate
for your
presentation and
delete the other
How does it work?
Easier for manufacturers with the potential to improve and
grow to access support.
Help businesses to achieve their potential by identifying
barriers to growth & providing tailored support that fits their
needs.
delete according
to audience
How does it work?
Dedicated ‘Business Growth Manager’ who understands
manufacturing & business challenges.
Discuss your needs & barriers to growth, identify the areas
of support that are right for your business and introduce
you to the specialists that can help.
delete according
to audience
Product & Service Offering
Business Growth Service
UK Trade &
Investment
Strategic
Development
GA Business
Development
Coaching
MAS Strategy
Consulting
Innovation,
Design & IP
GA Growth Through
Innovation
MAS Innovation
Design Mentoring
IP Audits
Finance
Optimisation
GA Access to
Finance
Growth
Showcase
Leadership &
Management
GA Leadership &
Management
Productivity
& Operational
Improvement
MAS Efficiency
Supply Chains
MAS Supply Chains
With strong relationships to:
UK Export
Finance
British
Business
Bank
Innovate UK Growth hubs
Connectivity
Growth
Community
Support includes
Develop a Growth Strategy
Develop a manufacturing strategy
– Is BIM part of that strategy ?
Building leadership & management skills
Accessing finance
Developing new ideas & products
– Is BIM embedded in that process ?
Cut or
highlight
as appropriate
Support includes
Accessing or Building supply chains
– Does BIM have a role ?
Exporting for the first time or breaking into new markets
Develop your USP and Sales & Marketing strategies
Improving manufacturing processes
– How can BIM help ?
Protecting ‘Intellectual Property’
Cut or
highlight
as appropriate
Specialised support - BIM
BIM4M2 conducted a survey of ~ 200
product manufacturers to understand how the group could
add value to those embarking on BIM
Those surveyed that have invested in BIM (40%) have
done so:-
to create commercial advantage (41%)
in response to customer demand (27%)
to get specified (12%)
Cut or
highlight
as appropriate
Specialised support - BIM
However, 50% of those surveyed, whilst planning to invest
in BIM soon (next 12 months), have yet to make a start.
Manufacturers not intending to invest in BIM - cost was
the main barrier (77%), followed by lack of in-house
resource (43%).
BGS-MAS can help & has helped.
Cut or
highlight
as appropriate
Specialised support - BIM
Standards and optional tools due to be complete by Spring
2015.
There is increasing clarity on what is required from product
manufacturers.
Are you ready to start your BIM journey ?
BGS-MAS is ready to help you.
Cut or
highlight
as appropriate
Support – the rules !
SME’s ONLY.
Manufacturers ONLY.
(Funding for non-manufacturers via GrowthAccelerator)
Businesses with “Growth Ambition” – T/O, Profit, Staff
50% Grant Funding.
Typical grant £2500 (maximum).
Cut or
highlight
as appropriate
Developing BIM Objects - Choices
What do you need to develop?
Do you do it yourself or get a third party to do the work?
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highlight
as appropriate
Developing BIM Objects - Choices
Look of the ‘MAS Directory’ to find a supplier you want to
work with or get them to register on the directory if you
have a supplier:-
www.masdirectory.org/mas/Consultant/register.php
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highlight
as appropriate
Developing BIM Objects - Choices
Contact ‘Business Growth Services’/MAS now.
NEW FUNDING ROUND FROM 01/04/15
for NEXT 2 YEARS.
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highlight
as appropriate
Give us a call
Team of ‘Business Growth Managers’ dedicated to advising
manufacturers.
Free of charge, no obligation, meeting.
Don’t spend on :
i. Consultants/Coaches or
ii. Skills/Training or
iii. Capital Expenditure
without talking to us first.
Richard James MacCowan
www.biomimicry-uk.org
@Biomimicry_UK
how does nature build?