Graphics,Graphics, Hypermedia, Hypermedia,

and and MultimediaMultimedia

7

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Chapter Outline

• Focus on Computer Graphics

• Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page

• Interactive Multimedia: Eye, Ear, Hand, and Mind

• Data Compression – How and Why

“If you look out in the future, you can see how best to make right choices.”

Doug Engelbart

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Focus on Computer Graphics

• Computer graphics include:

– Painting Software

– Digital Image Processing

– Drawing Software

– 3-D Modeling Software

– CAD/CAM

– Presentation Software

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Painting Software

GrAphicS

Pixels: tiny dots of white, black or color arranged on the screen

Bit-Mapped Graphics: pictures that are simple maps showing how the pixels should be arranged on the screen

J a r g o n

Resolution: the number of pixels (dots) per inch

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Use pointing devices to “paint” objects, shapes or freehand

script on the screen

Painting Software

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Painting Software

Painting tools are used to create drawings

A variety of special effects can be added

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Digital Image Processing:Photographic Editing by

Computer

Why Digital Imaging Software?

Provides a powerful way to edit high resolution images captured by digital cameras and scanners

Allows photographs to be edited and combined (think of the supermarket tabloids)

Offers a way to touch up pictures and make them look more professional and polished

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Digital Image Processing

Start with this photo…

Combine it with other images to create this… Or this…

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Drawing:Object-Oriented Graphics

Object-Oriented Software offers drawing tools similar to painting software

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Drawing

Shapes in Object-Oriented Software:– Are stored as formulas (not pixels)

that describe how to draw that shape

– Drawings are smoother and requires less memory than bit-mapped drawings

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Painting Pixels vs.Drawing Object Shapes

– You have more control over textures, shading, and fine detail

– Use for creating screendisplays (for video games, multimedia presentations, and Web pages)

When painting with pixels:

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Painting Pixels vs.Drawing Object Shapes

When painting with pixels:

– Use for simulatingnatural paint media

– Use to embellishphotographic images

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Painting Pixels vs.Drawing Object Shapes

When drawing object shapes:

– shapes and lines are cleaner and smoother

– use for creating printed graphs, charts, and illustrations

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Rules of Thumb: Creating Smart Art

• Use ready-made graphics (clip art) when available and appropriate

• Honor copyright laws (buy protected work or use copyright-free clip art)

• Protect your own work by including the copyright symbol

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3-D Modeling Software

Illustrators and designers use this software to add depth to two dimensional objects

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Objects can be stretched…rotated … and combined with other objects

3-D Modeling Software

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CAD/CAM: From Picturesto Products

Engineers,architects, and designersuse CAD/CAM software to designor manufacture products

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CAD/CAM: From Pictures to Products

– CAD (computer-aided design) is a modern drafting tool for designers

• Designs can be tested under various conditions before being built

– CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) is a program that controls the manufacturing of parts• CAM uses data from a CAD program

to build the part that was designed

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Presentation graphics software is used to create visual aids for:

– Lectures

– Training and education sessions

– Sales and product demonstrations

– Meetings

Presentation Graphics:Bringing Lectures to Life

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Presentation Graphics:Bringing Lectures to Life

– Users can Enter textin outline form

– Enhance text with font and style changes, clip art, audio, and videoclips

– Add Special effects and transitions to computer “slide shows”(like the one you are viewing)

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• Modern media often contains dynamic information that changes over time or in response to user input

Dynamic Media:Beyond the Printed Page

• The raw materials include:– Animation– Desktop video– Audio– Interactive applications– Authoring software

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Animation: Graphics in Time

Create the illusionof animation fromstill images with animated graphics

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Animation: Graphics in Time

• Tedious tasks have been automated with computers and animation software

• Toy Story was the first full-length animated movie created on a computer

• Each frame is a computer-drawn picture

• Some software allows for 3-D animation

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Rules of Thumb:Making Powerful

Presentations• Remember your goal

• Remember your audience

• Outline your ideas

• Be stingy with words and graphics

• Use a consistent design

• Keep slide focused

• Tell them what you’re going to tell them, then tell them, then tell them what you told them

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Desktop Video:Computers, Film and TV

Video digitizers allow you to capture analog video images as digital data that can be stored and manipulated in the computer’s memory

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Morphing software metamorphoses one image into another

– Click the picture to see this image morph to another image.

Morphing Software

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AUD

iO

Hypertext: a cross reference system that links related data

J a r g o n

The Synthetic Musician

MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface

Hypermedia: Combination of text, sound, numbers, graphics, music,

animation, and other media in hyper-linked documents

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The Synthetic Musician: Computers and Audio

• Add sound to any multimedia project by using:

– digitized audio (music or any sound) from a CD or audio file

– synthesized audio (music or sound) using MIDI instrument

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• Hypertext and Hypermedia allow you to quickly go to other parts of a document or other related documents.

• Examples include:

– Help files that use hypertext to jump to different help screens

– Web pages that allow you to jump between documents over the Internet

Hypertext and Hypermedia

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Interactive Multimedia:Eye, Ear, Hand, and Mind

Combine text, graphics, animation, video, music, or sound effects in such a way that the user takes an active part in the experience

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Interactive Multimedia:Eye, Ear, Hand, and Mind

– Requirements: high-quality color monitors, fast processors, large memory, CD-ROM drives, speakers,and sound cards

– The user controls the flow of informationand is not apassive viewer

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Multimedia Authoring:Making Mixed Media

Create and edit multimedia projects.

– Begin with source documents (text, graphics, video clips, music, and sound files)

– Multimedia authoring software allows you to combine the individual sources

– Authoring software allows the project to be interactive (requiring the user to take an active role)

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• Be consistent

• Make it intuitive

• Strive for simplicity

• Keep it lively

• Make sure the message gets through

• Provide navigational aids

• Test the product on novices

Rules of Thumb:Making Interactive Multimedia

Work

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– may increase communication

– give people control over the flow of information

– allow participation in democratic decisionmaking

Interactive Media:Visions of the Future

Positive effects Negative effects– may further remove

us from books, people, and the natural world

“The future of writing is in space, not in time.”

William S. Burroughs