Government College (Autonomous) Rajamahendravaram ...gcrjy.ac.in/departments/syllabus/432aca3a1e345e339... · paper Title of course Hrs per week CIA Marks SEE Total Credits 1 1 Microbiology

Government College (Autonomous) Rajamahendravaram Accredited ‘‘A” Grade by NAAC

Department of Biotechnology

B.Sc., Biotechnology Syllabus : CBCS ( Choice Based Credit System )

semester wise

Approved by Board Of Studies – April 2018

For

All semesters

INDEX

Proceedings of the Principal pertaining to BOS

Composition of BOS Members

Table showing the Allocation of credits, teaching hours per

week, Marks for each course.

List of Examiners / Paper setters

Resolutions adopted in Board of Studies Meetig

Table showing Members present with signatures

Syllabus for each course ( both theory & Practicals ) followed

by model question papers.

Government College (A), Rajamahendravaram.

Department Of Biotechnology

Proceedings of the principal

Composition of Board of Studies 2018-19



Allocation of credits and marks to each paper

Cotd……

Government College (A), Rajamahendravaram

Semester

paper

Title of course

Hrs per

week

Marks

CIA

SEE

Total Credits

1

1

Microbiology and cell

biology

4

40

60

100

3

1

1

“ lab

2

-

50

50

2

2

2

Macromolecules, Enzymology and

bioenergetics

4

40

60

100

3

2

2

“ lab

2

-

50

50

2

3

3

Biophysical Techniques

4

40

60

100

3

3

3

“ lab

2

-

50

50

2

4

4

Immunology

4

40

60

100

3

4

4

“ lab

2

-

50

50

2

5

5

Genetics and Molecular

Biology

3

40

60

100

3

5

5

“ lab

2

- 50

50

2

5

6

Gene Expression

and

rDNA Technology

3

40

60

100

3

5

6

“ lab

2

-

50

50

2


List of Examiners / Paper setters

Semester

paper

Title of course

Hrs per

week

Marks Credits

CIA

SEE

Total 6

7 A

Developmental Biology

4

40

60

100

3

6

7 A

“ Lab

2 - 50 50 2

6

7B

Ecology

4

40

60

100

3

6

7B

“ Lab

2 - 50 100 2

6

7C

Biostatistics, bioinformatics and IPRS

4

40

60

100

3

6 7C “ Lab

2 - 50 50 2

6

8A1 8A2 8A3

*Plant Physiology

*Animal Physiology

*Inheritance Biology

4 4 4

40 40 40

60 60 60

100 100 100

3 3 3

6

8A1 8A2 8A3

“ Lab “ Lab “ Lab

2 2 2

- 50 50 50

50 50 50

2 2 2

6

8B1 8B2 8B3

*Diversity in Life

*Evolution

*Project

4 4 4

40 40 40

60 60 60

100 100 100

3 3 3

6

8B1 8B2 8B3

“ Lab “ Lab

“ Lab

2 2 2

- 50 50 50

50 50 50

2 2 2

6

8C1 8C2 8C3

*Plant Biotechnology and Animal

Biotechnology

*Environmental Biotechnology

*Industrial Biotechnology

4 4 4

40 40 40

60 60 60

100 100 100

3 3 3

6

8C1 8C2 8C3

“ Lab “ Lab “ Lab

2 2 2

--

50 50 50

50 50 50

2 2 2

Approved by BOS 2017-18 /Paper setters

S.No Name of the Lecturer/Reader in

service

Name of the college

1. PR college(A), Kakinada

2. Ideal Degree College(A), Kakinada

3. ASD Govt.College for Women,

Kakinada

4. VS Lakshmi College, Kakinada

5. DNR college(A), Bhimavaram

6. K.G.R.L College(A), Bhimavaram

7. CR Reddy College(A), Eluru

8. Y.N.College(A), Narsapur

9. S.K.B.R college(A), Amalapuram

10. VS Krishna Govt.college,

Visakhapatnam

11. Women’s college, Visakhapatnam

12. SRR college, Vijayawada

13. Govt.college for Men, Srikakulam

14. Govt.college for Women,

Srikakulam

15. AVN Degree college, Kakinada

16. ABN college, Kovuru,

W.G.Dist.A.P



Resolutions approved by Board Of Studies

The members present discussed various aspects of the Syllabi, Model Question Papers of

both Theory and Practical for three year B.Sc., degree course in Biotechnology that is to be

implemented for the academic year 2017-2018 and resolved the following.

RESOLUTIONS

1. As per the UGC guidelines the APSCHE reviewed the syllabus for 1st , 2nd and & 3rd year B.Sc.,

Biotechnology for the year 2018-19.

2. It is resolved to adapt the new curriculum prescribed by A.P. State Council of Higher Education

(Revised common framework of CBCS for colleges in Andhra Pradesh) for 1st , 2ndand 3rd year B.Sc.,

Biotecnology for the year 2018-19.

3. regarding the Electives ( in the VI semester ), the following guidelines are being followed

a. Papers VII and VIII will be electives for any domain subject and both papers will be offered in

the same VI semester of the final year.

b. As paper –VII , a student will pursue three Electives respectively belonging to three domain subjects .

The BBC student will study one each Elective from Biotechnology , Botany and Chemisrty as individual

Elective paper VII. The student will choose from the multiple individual Electives offered for each subject.

c. As Paper –VIII, the student will study all the three papers as a cluster from the same subject ( among

the three subjects). For example , as paper-VIII, a BBC student may pursue all the three papers belonging

to either Biotechnology alone or Botany alone or Chemistry alone. Alternate clusters of electives for each

subject are offered , i.e., the student if the student chooses Biotechnology for cluster the student will have

to choose either cluster -1( VIII-A1,A2,A3) or cluster -2 ( VIII- B1,B2,B3) or cluster-3 ( VIII –C1,C2,C3).

d. The list of Electives and cluster Electives for the subject Biotechnology , along with their syllabi for

papers VII & VIII have been shown in this book.

6. It is resolved to include uncovered important topics as additional input in each paper for I‚II‚III- B.Sc.

in addition to the syllabi prescribed.

7. It is resolved to adapt new pattern of weightage of marks in theory and practicals for B.Sc-I, II & III as

recommended by Autonomous Committee, As shown below.

8. The assessment component is designed as follows:

For I , II & III year students ( CBCS pattern) Theory examination :

Internal - 40 marks Assessment though new pedagogical methods

External exam - 60 marks

Total -100 M

10. Practical exam would be conducted at the end of each semester for BSc I, II & III year.

Internal exam at the end of 1st , 3rd and 5th semester each for - 50 marks.

External exam at the end of 2nd , 4th, and 6th semester each for - 50 marks.

The scheme of Model question papers for each module is framed at the end of the syllabus.

Government (Autonomous) College, Rajamahendravaram


Board of Studies Meeting : 2017-18.

The Board of Studies of the Department of Biotechnology was convened at 11:30 a.m. on

____April 2018 under the chairmanship of Dr.B.Nageshwari. Assistant professor, Incharge

Department of Biotechnology.

S.No Nominee Name and Designation Signature

1

Chairman

Dr.B.Nageshwari,

Lecturer in Charge /Head Department of

Biotechnology,Govt (A) College, Rjy

2

Member

Dr A.K.P. Siva Ranjani

Faculty, Dept of Biotechnology, Govt (A) College, Rjy

3

Subject Expert

Sri. K.Suresh Babu,

ABN College, Kovvuru, WG Dist.

4

Subject Expert

Sri.G.Sam Babu

Sri Y.N. College (A), Narsapur

5

University

Nominee

Dr.P.Vijaya Nirmala, Assistant Professor of zoology , ANUR

6

Expert from

Industry /

Corporate

Sector

Dr.K.Sarala

Principal Scientist,Crop Improvement Division,CTRI,

Rajamahendravaram.

7

Student

Nominee

Chairman

Board of Studies

Government College (A), Rajamahendravaram

FOUNDATION COURSES

1st Year:

Semester-1: Foundation Course- 1 HVPE (Human Values & Professional Ethics),

Foundation Course-2 Communication & Soft Skills-1

Semester-2: Foundation Course-3 Environmental Sciences

Foundation Course-4A ICT-1 (Information & Communication Technology)

2nd Year:

Semester: 3: Foundation Course- 5 Entrepreneurship

Foundation Course-2B Communication & Soft Skills-2

Semester-4: Foundation Course-2C Communication & Soft Skills-3

Foundation Course- 6 Analytical Skills

Foundation Course- 7 CE (Citizenship Education)

Foundation Course- 4 B ICT-2 (Information & Communication Technology)

3rd Year:

Semester-5: Skill Development Course-1 (University’s Choice)

Skill Development Course- 2 (University’s Choice)



B.Sc., Biotechnology: Choice based Credit System

Additional Inputs into Syllabus 2017-2018

The topics which are related to the prescribed syllabus, which are of importance either as academic

or application are selected and included in the syllabi as Additional inputs. The information regarding the

research activities and achievements of various Local / Regional organizations, like CTRI, SIFT, CIFE is

collected and considered as a part of the curriculum of B.Sc Biotechnology course so as to encourage the

students to opt for research in this vast field of science.

I B.Sc : Semester 1 : Paper 1 : Microbiology and cell biology

Additional input - Advantages and Disadvantages of microbes.

Semester 2 : Paper 2 : Macromolecules, Enzymology and Bioenergetics

Additional input - Metabolic Disorders

II B.Sc : Semester 3 : Paper 3 - . Biophysical Techniques

Additional input - Applications of fractionation in research

Semester 4 : Paper 4- Immunology

Additional input - New generation vaccines.

III B.Sc : Semester 5 : Paper 5 : Genetics and Molecular Biology

Additional input - Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis

Semester 5 : Paper 6 : Gene Expression and rDNA Technology

Additional input -

III B.Sc : Semester 6 : Paper 7A : Developmental Biology

Additional input -

III B.Sc : Semester 6 : Paper 7 B : Ecology

Additional input -

III B.Sc : Semester 6 : Paper 7 C : Biostatistics, bioinformatics and IPRS

Additional input –

Semester 6 : Paper 8 A1 : Plant Physiology


Semester 6 : Paper 8 A2 : Animal Physiology


Semester 6 : Paper 8 A3 : Inheritance Biology


Semester 6 : Paper 8 B1 : Diversity in Life


Semester 6 : Paper 8 B2 : Evolution


Semester 6 : Paper 8 B3 : Project


Semester 6 : Paper 8 C1 : Plant Biotechnology and Animal Biotechnology


Semester 6 : Paper 8 C2 : Environmental Biotechnology

Additional input – Super Bug

Semester 6 : Paper 8 C3 : Industrial Biotechnology


I B.Sc : Semester 1 : Paper 1 :

Microbiology and cell biology

Theory & Practicals

Government ( Autonomous ) College , Rajamahendravaram.

Department of Biotechnology : B.Sc., Biotechnology Syllabus

for

2018-2021 Batch

B.Sc-1; Biotechnology ; Semester -1; Theory syllabus

Paper-1 : MICROBIOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY

UNIT I

History, Development and Microscopy

History and development of microbiology: contributions of Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch and

Edward Jenner.

Microscopy: Compound microscopy: Numerical aperture and its importance, resolving power, oil

immersion objectives and their significance, principles and applications of dark field, phase

contrast, fluorescent microscopy. Electron microscopy: Principle, ray diagram and applications,

TEM and SEM, comparison between optical and electron microscope, limitations of electron

microscopy.

Stains and staining procedures: Acidic, basic and neutral stains, Gram staining, Acid fast

staining, Flagella staining, Endospore staining.

UNIT II A. Bacteria:

Bacterial morphology and subcellular structures, general morphology of bacteria, shapes and sizes,

generalized diagram of typical bacterial cell.

Slime layer and capsule, difference between the structure, function and the position of the two

structures. Cell wall of gram +ve and Gram -ve cells, Prokrayotic classification.

General account of flagella and fimbriae.

Chromatin material, plasmids; definition and kind of plasmids (conjugative and non-conjugative)

F, R, and Col plasmids.

Endospores: Detailed study of endospore structure and its formation, germination, basis of

resistance.

A brief idea Bergey’s manual. Morphology of archaea, archaeal cell membrane (differences

between bacterial and archaeal cell membrane), other cell structures, concept of the three distinct

archaea groups.

B. Viruses: General characteristics of viruses, difference between virus and typical microbial cell,

structure, different shapes and symmetries with one example of each type, classification of viruses

on the basis of nucleic acids, phage and animal cell viruses, example of each and their importance.

Brief idea of lytic cycle and lysogeny.

UNIT III Microbial Nutrition: Basic nutritional requirements: Basic idea of such nutrients as water,

carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and vitamins etc., natural and synthetic media, nutritional classification

of bacteria. Selective and Differential media, Enriched media, Enrichment media.

UNIT IV:

Microbial growth : Growth rate and generation time, details of growth curve and its various

phases. Concept of synchronous cultures, continuous and batch cultures (chemostat and

turbidostat). Measurement of growth.

Physical conditions required for growth: Temperature (classification of microorganisms on the

basis of temperature requirements), pH etc. Pure cultures and cultural characteristics.

Maintenance of pure culture.

Microbial Control: Terminologies - Sterilization, disinfection, antiseptic, sanitization,

germicide, microbistasis, preservative and antimicrobial agents.

Mechanism of cell injury: Damage to cell wall, cell membrane, denaturation of proteins,

inhibition of protein synthesis, transcription, replication, other metabolic reactions and change in

supercoiling of DNA.

Physical control: Temperature (moist heat, autoclave, dry heat, hot air oven and incinerators),

dessication, surface tension, osmotic pressure, radiation, UV light, electricity, ultrasonic sound

waves, filtration.

Chemical control: Antiseptics and disinfectants (halogens, alcohol, gaseous sterilization.

Concept of biological control.

UNIT V

Cell Biology Eukaryotic Cell - Structure and function of the following: nucleus, nuclear membrane,

nucleoplasm, nucleolus, golgi complex, Mitochandria, Chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum,

lysosomes, peroxisomes, glyoxisomes and vacuoles. Plant cell wall.

Cytoskeleton (Micro and Macro filaments, microtubules) and cell locomotion. Mitosis and

meiosis. Brief idea of cell cycle.

Muscle and nerve cell structure, synaptic transmission and neuromuscular junctions.

Government College (A)‚ Rajamahendravam.

B.Sc -I ; Biotechnology ; Semester-1 ; Practical Syllabus.

BTP -102: Microbiology & Cell Biology

Practicals syllabus

Paper-1 : MICROBIOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY

1. Demonstration, use and care of microbiological equipments.

2. Preparation of media, sterilization and isolation of bacteria. 3. Isolation of Bacteriophage from

sewage / other sources.

4. Demonstration of motility of Bacteria.

5. Simple staining of bacteria

6. Gram staining of Bacteria

7. Acid fast staining of Bacteria 8. Endospore staining.

9. Demonstration of starch hydrolysis by bacterial cultures 10. Growth of fecal coliforms on

selective media.

11. Isolation of pure culture by pour plate method 12. Isolation of pure culture by streak plate

method. 13. Anaerobic cultivation of microorganisms.

14. Cultivation of yeast and moulds. 15. Antibiotic sensitivity assay.

16. Oligodynamic action of metals.

17. To study germicidal effect of UV light on bacterial growth. 18. Stages of mitosis.

19. Stages of meiosis.

Note: - Mandatory to perform at least ten practical. * * * * * * *



B.Sc., Biotechnology 2018-2021 Batch

MODEL QUESTION PAPER FOR SEMESTER END PRACTICAL EXAMINATIONS

TIME: 3 hours Max. Marks: 50

1. Major experiment. 20 marks

(Principle-5M, Methodology-10M, Results-05)

2. Minor experiment. 10 marks

(Principle -2M, Methodology-05M, Results-03)

Identify the given spotter and a brief note on it- (5x2M) 10 marks

1.

A,

B,

C,

D,

E,

2. Record 05 marks

3. Viva-voce 05 marks

---------------

Total 50 marks

-----------------


B.Sc -I ; Biotechnology ; Semester-1

BTP- 102: Microbiology & Cell Biology

Practical - Model Question Paper –Oct / Nov– 2017

Time : 3 hrs Max . Marks : 50 M

1. Determine the nature of the given bacterial sample using Grams ' Staining method. 20 M

2. Identify the stage of mitosis in the given sample. 10M

3. Spotters (5 Nos) (5x2) = 10M

1. Record 5 M

2. Viva-voce 5 M

------- Total 50 M

I B.Sc : Semester 2 : Paper 2 :

Macromolecules‚ Enzymology And Bioenergetics

Theory & Practicals



for

2018-2021 Batch

B.Sc-1; Biotechnology ; Semester -II; Theory syllabus

Paper-II : MACROMOLEULES, ENZYMOLOGY AND BIOENERGETICS

UNIT I :

Nucleic Acids and Chromosomes: Chemical structure and base composition of nucleic acids,

Chargaff's rules, Watson Crick Model (B-DNA), deviations from Watson-Crick model, other

forms of DNA (A- and Z-DNA), forces stabilizing nucleic acid structures, (hydrogen bonds

and hydrophobic associations, base stacking).

UNIT II:

Amino acids and Proteins: Structure of amino acids occurring in proteins, classification of

amino acids (pH based, polarity based and nutrition based physico-chemical properties of

amino acids. Primary, Secondary, Tertiary & Quaternary structure of proteins.

UNIT III:

Carbohydrates: Definition, classification, nomenclature of carbohydrates, structures of

monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.Concept and examples of

heteropolysaccharides.

Lipid:Types of lipids, structures of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, triglycerides,

phospholipids, Concept of acid value, saponification value and iodine value. Chemistry of

Porphyrines, Heme, Cytochromes, and Chlorophylls

UNIT IV

Enzymes: Terminology: Active site, allosteric site, Holoenzyme, apoenzyme, coenzyme,

substrate, inhibitor, activator, modulator etc. Classification and nomenclature of enzymes.

Substrate Specificity (bond specificity, group specificity, absolute specificity, stereospecificity),

lock and key and induced fit models.

Enzyme kinetics: Michaelis-Menten equation, effect of substrate concentration, effect of

enzyme concentration, effect of p H and temperature, temperature. Enzyme inhibition kinetics

(reversible inhibition types – competitive, uncompetitive and non-competitive), brief idea of

irreversible inhibition.

UNIT V

Bioenergetics: Concept of free energy, Entropy, Enthalpy & Redox Potential. Concept of high

energy bonds as related to the structure of ATP, Phosphoenolpyruvate, Creatine phosphate etc.

Glycolysis (pathway, entry of other monosachharides and disaccharides, regulation, inhibitors)

Gluconeogenesis: Bypass reactions. Structure of mitochondria.


B.Sc -I ; Biotechnology ; Semester-2 ; Practical Syllabus – 2017-18

BTP - 202: Macromolecules & Enzymology

Practicals syllabus

Paper-II : MACROMOLEULES, ENZYMOLOGY AND BIOENERGETICS

1. Qualitative estimation of Carbohydrates

2. Qualitative estimation of Amino acids

3. Quantitative Estimation of proteins by Biuret method

4. Estimation of DNA by Diphenylamine method

5. Estimation of RNA by Orcinol method

6. Quantitative estimation of sugars (Dinitrosalicylic acid method).

7. Estimation of glucose by Benedict’s quantitative method

8. Quantitative estimation of proteins by Lowry’s method.

9. Determination of saponification value of Fats

10. Determination of Acid Value of Fats

11. Immobilization of enzymes / cells by entrapment in alginate gel 19. Effect of temperature

/ pH on enzyme activity

12. Assay of protease activity.

13. Assay of alkaline phosphatase

14. Preparation of starch from Potato and its hydrolysis by salivary amylase

15. Isolation of urease and demonstration of its activity

* Minimum of Ten practical’s are mandatory






B.Sc -I ; Biotechnology ; Semester-2


Practical - Model Question Paper–Mar / Apr– 2018

Time : 3 hrs Max . Marks : 50 M

1. Estimate the concentration of DNA in the given sample using Orcinol method . 20 M

2. Identify the given nature of sugar in the sample. 10 M

3. Spotters (5 Nos) (5x2) = 10M

4.Record 5 M

5. Viva-voce 5 M

------- Total 50 M

II B.Sc : Semester 3 : Paper 3 :

Biophysical Techniques

Theory & Practicals



for

2018-2021 Batch B.Sc-II; Biotechnology ; Semester -III;Theory syllabus

Paper-III : BIOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES

UNIT – I:

Spectrophotometry: Spectrum of light, absorption of electromagnetic radiations, B e e r ’ s

law - derivation and deviations, extinction coefficient. Instrumentation of UV and visible

spectrophotometry, Double beam spectrometer; dual-wavelength spectrometer, Applications of

UV and visible spectrophotometry. Coloriemetry principles and its applications.

UNIT II:

Chromatography: Partition principle, partition coefficient, nature of partition forces, brief

account of paper chromatography.Thin layer chromatography and column chromatography. Gel

filtration: Concept of distribution coefficient, types of gels and glass beads, applications.

Ionexchange

chromatography: Principle, types of resins, choice of buffers, applications including

amino acid analyzer. Affinity chromatography: Principle, selection of ligand, brief idea of ligand

attachment, specific and non-specific elution, applications.

UNIT III:

Electrophoresis: Migration of ions in electric field, Factors affecting electrophoretic mobility.

Paper electrophoresis, Gel electrophoresis: - Types of gels, Solubilizers, Procedure, Column &

slab gels Detection, Recovery & Estimation of macromolecules. SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis and

applications. Isoelectric focusing,Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

UNIT – IV:

Isotopic tracer technique: Radioactive & stable isotopes, rate of radioactive decay. Units of

radioactivity. Measurement of radioactivity: - Ionization chambers, proportional counters,

Geiger- Muller counter, Solid and liquid scintillation counters (basic principle, instrumentation

and technique), Cerenkov radiation. Measurement of Stable isotopes: Falling drop method for

deuterium measurement. Biological applications of Radioisotopes.

UNIT V:

Centrifugation: Basic principles, concept of RCF, types of centrifuges (clinical, high speed and

ultracentrifuges).Preparative centrifugation: Differential and density gradient centrifugation,

applications (Isolation of cell components). Analytical centrifugation: Sedimentation

coefficient, determination of molecular weight by sedimentation velocity and sedimentation

equilibrium methods.

Biostatistics Basic concepts of mean, median, mode, Standard deviation and Standard error.

Introduction to ANOVA




Practicals syllabus : Paper-III : BIOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES

1. Spectrophotometric analysis of DNA denaturation.

2. Determination of absorption spectrum of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin.

3. Protein estimation by E280/E260 method.

4. Paper chromatography of amino acids/sugars.

5. TLC of sugars/amino acids.

6. Estimation of Urea by diacetyle monoxime method.

7. Estimation of Sugars by Folin Wu method

8. Validity of Beer’s law for colorimetric estimation of creatinine.

9. Preparation of standard buffers and determination of pH of a solution

10. Titration of a mixture of strong & weak acid

11. Paper electrophoresis of proteins

12. Gel electrophoresis of DNA.

13. SDS-PAGE of an oligomeric protein.

14. Calculation of mean, median, and mode (manual/computer aided).

15. Calculation of standard deviation and standard error (manual/computer aided).

16. Biostatistical problem based on standard deviation.

Note: - Mandatory to perform at least 10 practicals






B.Sc -II ; Biotechnology ; Semester-3

BTP- 302: Metabolism & Biophysical Techniques

Practical - Model Question Paper– Oct / Nov– 2017

Time : 3 hrs Max . Marks : 50M

1. Perform SDS-PAGE for the given oligomeric protein and determine its molecular weight . 20 M

2. Calculate the correlation coefficient from the given data. 10M

Plant height in Cm: 18,25,25,32,35,20,30,13,30,30,37,40,20,25,27,40,15,23,35,23.

No of flowers : 20,25,33,35,40,26,30,15,25,37,43,42,23,28,33,45,20,20,33,30.

3. Spotters (5x2) = 10M

4.Record 5 M

5. Viva-voce 5 M

-------

Total 50 M

II B.Sc : Semester 4 : Paper 4 :

Immunology

Theory & Practicals



for

2018-2021 Batch

B.Sc-II; Biotechnology ; Semester -IV;Theory syllabus

Paper-IV : IMMUNOLOGY

UNIT I Immune system: Organs and cells of immune system Immunity, Immune response, innate

immune mechanism, Acquired immune mechanism, Antigen,

Humoral immunity, main pathways of complement system.

UNIT II Antibody and Antigen: Antibody structure and classes, Antibody diversity, Types of Antigens

Antigenecity (factors affecting antigenecity). Complement system .

UNIT III Immunity: Cell mediated immunity: TC mediated immunity, NK cell mediated immunity,

ADCC, brief description of cytokines and MHC (MHC types and diversity)

UNIT IV Hypersensitivity and vaccination : General features of hypersensitivity, various types of

hypersensitivity, Autoimmune response,Vaccination: Discovery, principles, significance, Types

of Vaccines

UNIT V Immunological Techniques:Antigen-antibody reactions: Precipitation, agglutination,

complement fixation, immunodiffusion, ELISA. Hybridoma technology: Monoclonal antibodies

and their applications in immunodiagnosis.

Government College(A) ‚ Rajamahendravaram. B.Sc -II ; Biotechnology ; Semester - 4

BTT- 401: Immunology

Model Question Paper –– Mar / Apr 2018 Time : 3 hrs Max . Marks : 60

Part- A

Answer All the essay questions. 5 X 8 = 40M

Note : Draw Diagrams wherever necessary.

1.A. Describe Organs of the human immune system.

Or

B.Write about the cells of the immune system.

2.A. Write in detail the antibody structure and various classes.

Or

B.Describe in detail the Complement system.

3.A. What is cell mediated immunity describe the process in detail.

Or

B. What is MHC describe its types and importance.

4.A.Describe the various types of hypersensitivity.

Or

B. Explain the various types of vaccines.

5.A. Describe the various antigen –antibody reactions.

Or

B. Describe in detail the process of Monoclonal Antibody production.

Part-B

Answer any five short answer questions. 5 X4= 20 M

5. Differences between innate and acquired immunity . 10. Cytokines.

6. Antigen 11. Hypersensitivity

7.Factor affecting antigenicity . 12. Vaccination

8. Antibody diversity. 13. Immunodiffusion

9. NK cell mediated immunity 14. Hybridoma




Practicals syllabus : Paper-IV : IMMUNOLOGY

1. Antigen – antibody reaction – determination of Blood group , Cross reactivity

2. Pregnancy test

3. Widal test

4. Ouchterloney immunodiffusion

5. Radial immunodiffusion

6. ELISA

7. Isolation of casein by isoelectric precipitation

8. Production of antibodies and their titration

Note: - Mandatory to perform atleast 6 practicals * * * * * * *

MODEL QUESTION PAPER FOR FOURTH SEMESTER END EXAM B. Sc Degree Course (CBCS Semester pattern)

B. Sc Biotechnology (Theory)

Duration: 3hrs Max. marks: 75

SECTIION –A

Answer any Five questions 5x5 =25marks 1) Humoral immunity

2) Complement system

3) NK cell mediated immunity

4) Autoimmune response

5) ELISA

6) Agglutination

7) Define Antigen, Antibody, Hapten, Plasma cells, Macrophages

8) MHC types and diversity

SECTION-B

Answer the questions 5x10 =50marks 9) a) Describe Organs and cells of immune system Immunity

Or

b) Describe main pathways of complement system

10) a) Describe Antibody structure and classes

Or

b) Describe Types of Antigens and factors affecting antigenecity

11) a) Describe Cell mediated immunity and its types

Or

b) Describe cytokines and MHC

12) a)Describe General features of hypersensitivity and various types of hypersensitivity Or

b) Describe principles, significance, Types of Vaccines

13) a) Describe Antigen-antibody reactions

Or

b) Describe Hybridoma technology and its applications.






B.Sc -II ; Biotechnology ; Semester-4

BTP-402 : Immunology

Practical - Model Question Paper–Mar / Apr– 2018

ODEL QUESTION PAPER FOR SEMESTER END PRACTICAL EXAMINATIONS

B.Sc., IV Semester End Practical examination

B.Sc., Biotechnology TIME: 3 hours Max. Marks: 50

1. Determination of Blood group (Major experiment). 20 marks


2. Ouchterloney immunodiffusion (Minor experiment). 10 marks


1. Identify the given spotter and write a brief note on it- A, B, C,D,E, F

(5x2M)10 marks

2. Record 05 marks


Time : 3 hrs Max . Marks : 50M

1. Perform ELISA and report whether the given biological sample is positive for HBV antigen. 20 M

2. Determine the blood group of the given blood sample 10M

3. Spotters (5x2) = 10M

4. Record 5 M

5. Viva-voce 5 M

--------

Total 50 M

-----------

III B.Sc : Semester 5 : Paper 5 :

Genetics and Molecular Biology

Theory & Practicals



for

2018-2021 Batch

B.Sc-III; Biotechnology ; Semester -V;Theory syllabus

Paper-V : GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

UNIT I

Mendels Laws and Inheritance:

Mendel experiments, Mendel Laws and Deviations : Incomplete dominanace and Co

dominanace, Penetration and pleiotropism, Recessive and Dominant epistatic gene interaction ,

Concept of multiple alleles

UNIT II

Genes and their variations :

Structure of gene, gene and environment, gene copies ad heterogeneity, Meiotic nondisjunction

of chromosomes, chromosome abnormalities in animals and plants, Linkage, recombination,

gene maps, interference and coincidence, Sex determination, genetic population studies and

Hardy Weinberg Equations.

UNIT III

DNA Replication :

Enzymology of replication ( detailed treatment of DNA polymerase I, brief treatment of pol II

and III, helicases, topoisomerases, single strand binding proteins, DNA melting proteins, primase

and RNA primers , distributive and processive properties of DNA polymerase I and III,

importance of the β-subunit in polymerase III). Proof for semiconservative replication,

discontinuous replication and Okazaki fragments , Replication origins, initiation, primosome

formation, elongation and termination. Use of DNA replication mutants in the study of

replication.

UNIT IV

Mutations and DNA Repair :

Gene mutations: Induced and Spontaneous, Missense, non sense and frameshift mutations,

Mutagens : Physical and Chemical mutagens.

Repair: Mismatch repair, light induced repair, SOS repair, Rec gene and its role in DNA repair,

post replication repair.

UNIT V

Transcription

Enzymatic synthesis of RNA: Basic features of transcription, structure of prokaryotic RNA

polymerase ( core enzyme and holoenzyme, significance of σ factor 0 concept of promoter (

Pribmow box,-10 and -35 sequences and their significance).

Four steps of transcription ( promoter binding and activation, RNA chain initiation and promoter

escape.




Practicals syllabus : Paper-V : Genetics and Molecular Biology

1. Effect of UV radiations on the growth of microorganisms.

2. Isolation of plasmid DNA from bacteria

3. Purity analysis of the Nucleic acids

4. Study of different phases of mitosis in onion root tips and meiosis in Allium cepa flower buds.

5. Karyotyping in Allium or Drosophilla

6. Problems and assignments in Mendilian genetics

7. Isolation of auxotrophic mutants ( plants or insects).

8. Mutation of bacteris by UV

9. Chemical induced mutation in bacteria

Note:-Mandatory to perform atleast 6 practicals











2.

A,

B,

C,

D,

E,

2. Record 05 marks


---------------

Total 50 marks

-----------------

III B.Sc : Semester 5 : Paper 6 :

Gene Expression and rDNA Technology

Theory & Practicals



for

2018-2021 Batch

B.Sc-III; Biotechnology ; Semester -V;Theory syllabus

Paper-VI : GENE EXPRESSION AND rDNA TECHNOLOGY

UNIT I

Genetic code

Genetic code : Codon and its characteristics, experimental elucidation of codons, identification

of start and stop codons, Universality, degeneracy and commaless nature of codons.

The decoding system: aminoacyl synthetases, the adaptor hypothesis, attachment of amino acids

to tRNA. Codon-anticodon interaction –the wobble hypothesis.

Selection of initiation codon-Shine and Dalgarno sequence and the 16S rRNA.

UNIT II

Protein Synthesis :

Initiation, elongation, termination and post translational modification.

Regulation of translation: phage T4 protein p32 translational regulation. Antibiotics affecting

translation.

UNIT III

Gene Expression and regulation

Details of initiation, elongation, and termination (intrinsic and rho factor mediated termination).

Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes : Basic idea of lac-and trp-operons. Negative and

positive control of lac operon.

Eukaryotic Gene Regulation: Gal operon

UNIT IV

rDNA Technology

DNA cloning : Basics of genetic engineering, restriction endonucleases, other enzymes of DNA

manipulation. Vectors : Plasmid vectors ( pBR322 and pUC 18/19)

Phage vector, Lambda replacement and insertion vectors, Cosmids, Phagmids, and YAC. Cutting

and Joining DNA ( cohesive end ligation, methods of blunt end ligated ) . Transfection and

transformation, Selection of transformed cells. Screening methods.

UNIT V

Genomic DNA library and cDNA library-concept and methods of creating these libraries.

Advantages and disadvantages of cDNA library over genomic DNA library.

General consideration of polymerase chain reaction, designing of primers for PCR. Expression of

cloned genes: General features of an expression vector. Expression of a eukaryotic gene in

prokaryotes –advantages and problems. Applications of recombinant DNA technology.




Practicals syllabus : Paper-V I: GENE EXPRESSION AND rDNA TECHNOLOGY

1. To measure concentration of DNA & RNA by UV spectrophotometry

2. Estimation of proteins by Bradford method

3. Isolation of genomic DNA

4. Isolation of Plasmid DNA

5. Restriction digestion of DNA

6. Demonstration of Replica plating technique

7. Identification of Lac+ bacteria by blue white screening using IPTG

8. Ligation of DNA

9. Chemical mutagenesis and production of microbial mutants

Note : Mandatory to perform atleast 6 practicals











3.

A,

B,

C,

D,

E,

2. Record 05 marks


---------------

Total 50 marks

-----------------

III B.Sc : Semester 6 : Paper 7 & 8 Electives

Paper 7A : Developmental Biology

Or

Paper 7B : Ecology

Or

Paper 7C : Biostatistics, bioinformatics and IPRS

&

Paper 8 A1 : Plant Physiology

Paper 8 A2 : Animal Physiology

Paper 8 A3 : Inheritance Biology

Or

Paper 8 B1 : Diversity in Life

Paper 8 B2 : Evolution

Paper 8 B3 : Project

Or

Paper 8 C1 : Plant Biotechnology and Animal Biotechnology

Paper 8 C2 : Environmental Biotechnology

Paper 8 C3 : Industrial Biotechnology



for

2018-2021 Batch

B.Sc-III; Biotechnology ; Semester -VI; Syllabus

Paper –VIIIA or B or C &

Paper – VIII A or B or C

III B.Sc : Semester 6 : Paper 7 A :

Developmental Biology

Theory & Practicals



for

2018-2021 Batch B.Sc-III; Biotechnology ; Semester -VI

Paper-VII A : Elective A: DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Unit I Potency, commitment, specification, induction, competence, determination and differentiation;

cell fate and cell lineages; stem cells; genomic equivalence and the cytoplasmic determinants;

imprinting; mutants

Unit II Production of gametes; embryo sac development and double fertilization in plants; zygote

formation, cleavage, blastula formation, embryonic fields, gastrulation and formation of germ

layers in animals; embryogenesis, establishment of symmetry in plants; seed formation and

germination.

Unit III Cell aggregation and differentiation in Dictyostelium; axes and pattern formation in Drosophila,

amphibia and chick; organogenesis– vulva formation in Caenorhabditis elegans, post embryonic

development-larval formation, metamorphosis; environmental regulation of normal

development; sex determination.

Unit IV Organization of shoot and root apical meristem; shoot and root development; leaf development

and phyllotaxy; transition to flowering, floral meristems and floral development in Arabidopsis

and Antirrhinum

Unit V Programmed cell death, aging and senescence

QUESTION PAPER PATTERN FOR ALL SEMESTERS

(For all Papers of Biotechnology )

Time: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 60

Section - A

I. Answer all five questions (5x2=10)

1. Unit- I

2. Unit- II

3. Unit-III

4. Unit- IV

5. Unit-V

Section- B

II. Answer All the Questions (5x10=50)

1. (a) or (b) from Unit -I

2. (a) or (b) from Unit -II

3. (a) or (b) from Unit -III

4. (a) or (b) from Unit -IV

5. (a) or (b) from Unit -V




PRACTICALS : Paper-VII A DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

1. Structure of young anther wall, microsporogenesis, mature anther (permanent slides).

2. Study of monoscopic (Polygonium) type of embryo sac development (permanent

slides/photographs).

3. Study of embryo sac through electron micrographs showing egg apparatus.

4. Determination of stomatal index of leaf of the given plant material.

5. Determination of a effect of an environmental factor on the rate of transpiration by an excised

twig using photometer.











4.

A,

B,

C,

D,

E,

2. Record 05 marks


---------------

Total 50 marks

-----------------

III B.Sc : Semester 6 : Paper 7 B :

Ecology

Theory & Practicals



for


Paper-VII B : Elective B: ECOLOGY

Unit I The Environment: Physical environment;biotic environment; biotic and abiotic interactions.

Habitat and Niche: Concept of habitat and niche; niche width and overlap; fundamental and

realized niche; resource partitioning; character displacement.

Unit II Population Ecology: Characteristics of a population; population growth curves; population

regulation;

Unit III Community Ecology: Nature of communities; community structure and attributes; levels of

species diversity and its measurement; edges and ecotones.Ecological Succession: Types;

mechanisms; changes involved in succession; concept of climax.

Unit IV Species Interactions: Types of interactions, interspecific competition, herbivory, carnivory,

pollination, symbiosis.

Unit V Ecosystem Ecology: Ecosystem structure; ecosystem function; energy flow and mineral cycling

(C,N,P); primary production and decomposition; structure and function of some Indian

ecosystems: terrestrial (forest, grassland) and aquatic (fresh water, marine, eustarine).




Section - A


1. Unit- I

2. Unit- II

3. Unit-III

4. Unit- IV

5. Unit-V

Section- B










PRACTICALS : Paper-VII B : ECOLOGY

1. To determine basal cover of trees in a forest ecosystem/forest plantation.

2. Quantitative analysis of soil organic carbon.

3. Quantitative analysis of soil pH.

4. To study pore space, water holding capacity and bulk density of soil.

5. Identification of rocks and minerals on the basis of physical characters.

****











5.

A,

B,

C,

D,

E,

2. Record 05 marks


---------------

Total 50 marks

-----------------

III B.Sc : Semester 6 : Paper 7 C :

Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and IPRS

Theory & Practicals



for


Paper-VII C : Elective C: BIOSTATISTICS, BIOINFROMATICS AND IPRS

UNIT I Collection, Classification and Tabulation of data, Bar diagrams and Pie diagrams, Histogram,

Frequency curve and frequency polygon. Mean, median, mode, Standard deviation.

UNIT II Random variable,(.discrete and continuous), Probability density function(discrete and

continuous), Distribution function for discrete random variable. Distribution function for

continuous random variable, Joint probability distribution, Conditional and marginal distribution.

Mathematical expectations: Introduction, The expected value of a random variable, moments,

Moment generating functions, Product moments, Conditional expectations. Standard

distributions -: Uniform distribution. (Discrete and continuous).Exponential distribution Gamma

distribution, Beta distribution. Binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, Normal distributions.

Standard normal distributions.

UNIT III Correlation and Regression analysis: Correlations and regressions-: Relation between two

variables, scatter diagram, definition of correlations. Probability theory: Random experiments,

sample space, probability theory, conditional probability. Baye’s theorem.

UNIT IV Sequence Analysis: Introduction to biological databases: NCBI, EMBL, EXPASY, PIR, Pfam.

Concept of World Wide Web: HTML, HTPP. Similarity measures - Euclidean, Mahalanobis

distance, Edit distance, similarity matrices (PAM, BLOSUM) Searching sequence databases

using BLAST. Multiple sequence alignment – progressive alignment – profiles –

multidimensional dynamic programming.

UNIT V Introduction to Intellectual property: Introduction, types of intellectual property, international

organizations, agencies and treaties, importance of intellectual property rights.




Section - A


1. Unit- I

2. Unit- II

3. Unit-III

4. Unit- IV

5. Unit-V

Section- B







Government College(A) ‚ Rajamahendravaram.

B.Sc - III ; Biotechnology ; Semester - 6

Skill based elective - 2 : Biostatistics and Bioinformatics

Model Question Paper – Mar / Apr – 2018

Time : 3 hrs Max . Marks : 75

Part -A

Answer any FIVE of the following. 5X10=50M

1. Write in detail about measures of central tendency.

2. Write in detail about probability and probability distribution.

3. Write about the concept of sampling and sampling distribution.

4. Write about the concept of test of hypothesis.

5. Write in detail about correlation and explain various types of correlation.

6. Write in detail about biological databases.

7. Write an essay on applications of bioinformatics.

8. Write in detail the concept of analysis of variance

Part -B

Answer any FIVE of the following. 5X5=25M

1. Statistic application in biology

2. Calculate the mean for individual series 9,7,6,10,12,11.

3. Calculate probability of getting 2 heads on 3 tosses.

4. Alpha particles are emitted by radioactive source at the rate of 3 per ever minute on the

average. The number of particles is distributed according to poissson distribution. Calculate

the probability of getting exactly 5 emissions in one minute. (e = 2.71)

5. Assume the mean height of sorghum varieties to be 68.22 inches with a variance of 10.8

inches. How many varieties in a field of 100 varities would you expect to be over 6 feet

tall. Assuming that the height of varieties is normally distributed.

6. In F2 generation, Mendel obtained 621 tall plants and 187 dwarf plants out of the total of

808. Test whether these two types of plants are in accordance with the Mendelian

monohybrid ratio 3:1 or do they deviate from this ratio.

7. Data retrieval

8. Databank.




PRACTICALS : Paper-VII C: BIOSTATISTICS, BIOINFROMATICS AND IPRS

• • Calculation of Mean of given data

• • Draw pie chart of the following data

• • Align the given sequences and calculate genetic similarity of the sequences

• • Calculate median and mode of the following given data

• • Arrange the given data in continuous and discrete form • Calculate standard deviation of

the given following data

• • Identify the sequence of the given gene through blast

• • Align the sequences using multiple alignment tool.

Note: perform any 5 practicals











6.

A,

B,

C,

D,

E,

2. Record 05 marks


---------------

Total 50 marks

-----------------

III B.Sc : Semester 6 : Paper 8A1 :

Plant Physiology

Theory & Practicals



for


Cluster Elective- 1: Paper-VIII A-1 : PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

Unit I Photosynthesis-Light harvesting complexes; mechanisms of electron transport; photoprotective

mechanisms; CO2 fixation -C3, C4and CAM pathways.

Unit II Respiration and photorespiration–Citric acid cycle; plant mitochondrial electron transport and

ATP synthesis; alternate oxidase; photorespiratory pathway.

Unit III Nitrogen metabolism- Nitrate and ammonium assimilation; amino acid biosynthesis

Unit IV Solute transport and photoassimilate translocation–uptake, transport and translocation of water,

ions, solutes and macromolecules from soil, through cells, across membranes, through xylem and

phloem; transpiration; mechanisms of loading and unloading of photoassimilates

Unit V Sensory photobiology-Structure, function and mechanisms of action of phytochromes,

cryptochromes and phototropins; stomatal movement; photoperiodism and biological clocks




Section - A


1. Unit- I

2. Unit- II

3. Unit-III

4. Unit- IV

5. Unit-V

Section- B










PRACTICALS : Paper-VIII A-1 : PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

1. Osmosis – by potato osmoscope experiment

2. Determination of osmotic potential of plant cell sap by plasmolytic method using leaves of

Rhoeo / Tradescantia.

3. Structure of stomata (dicot & monocot)

4. Determination of rate of transpiration using cobalt chloride method.

5. Demonstration of transpiration by Ganongs’ photometer

6. Demonstration of ascent of sap/Transpiration pull.

7. Effect of Temperature on membrane permeability by colorimetric method.

8. Study of mineral deficiency symptoms using plant material/photographs.

9. Separation of chloroplast pigments using paper chromatography technique.

10. Rate of photosynthesis under varying Co2 concentrations.

11. Effect of light intensity on oxygen evolution in photosynthesis using

NOTE: Perform any 6 practical ****











7.

A,

B,

C,

D,

E,

2. Record 05 marks


---------------

Total 50 marks

-----------------


Animal Physiology

Theory & Practicals



for


Cluster Elective- 1: Paper-VIII A-2 : ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY

Unit I Blood and circulation- Blood corpuscles, haemopoiesis and formed elements, plasma function,

blood volume, blood volume regulation, blood groups, haemoglobin, immunity, haemostasis.

Unit II Respiratory system- Comparison of respiration in different species, anatomical considerations,

transport of gases, exchange of gases, waste elimination, neural and chemical regulation of

respiration.

Unit III Nervous system- Neurons, action potential, neuroanatomy of the brain and spinal cord, central

and peripheral nervous system, neural control of muscle tone and posture.Sense organs - Vision,

hearing and tactile response.

Unit IV Digestive system -Digestion, absorption, energy balance, BMR.

Unit V Endocrinologyand reproduction- Endocrine glands, basic mechanism of hormone action,

hormones and diseases; reproductive processes, gametogenesis, ovulation, neuroendocrine

regulation




Section - A


1. Unit- I

2. Unit- II

3. Unit-III

4. Unit- IV

5. Unit-V

Section- B










PRACTICALS : Paper-VIII A-2 : ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY

1. Detection of protein, carbohydrate and lipid.

2. Study of Human salivary enzyme activity in relation to pH.

3. Detection of nitrogenous waste products - Ammonia & Urea

4. Exercise on Haematology - Counting of RBC /WBC and Blood grouping in blood samples.

5. Estimation of Haemoglobin in blood samples.











8.

A,

B,

C,

D,

E,

2. Record 05 marks


---------------

Total 50 marks

-----------------


Inheritance Biology

Theory & Practicals



for


Cluster Elective- 1: Paper-VIII A-3 : INHERITANCE BIOLOGY

Unit I Gene mapping methods: Linkage maps, tetrad analysis, mapping with molecular markers,

mapping by using somatic cell hybrids.

Unit II Extra chromosomal inheritance: Inheritance of Mitochondrial and chloroplast genes, maternal

inheritance.

Unit III Human genetics:Pedigree analysis, lod score for linkage testing, karyotypes, genetic disorders.

Unit IV Mutation: Types, causes and detection, mutant types– lethal, conditional, biochemical, loss of

function, gain of function, germinal verses somatic mutants, insertional mutagenesis.

Unit V Recombination: Homologous and non-homologous recombination including transposition.




Section - A


1. Unit- I

2. Unit- II

3. Unit-III

4. Unit- IV

5. Unit-V

Section- B










PRACTICAL : Paper-VIII A-3 : INHERITANCE BIOLOGY

1. Scoring of Drosophila and Maize cobs for Monohybrid and Dihybrid segregations.

2. Problems on Mendelian Segregations (Monohybrid, Dihybrid & Trihybrid Crosses).

3. Problems on Multiple alleles and non-allelic interactions.

4. Problems on Linkage analysis and mapping of genes.

5. Phenotyping of ABO blood groups.

6. Screening for Barr body.

****











9.

A,

B,

C,

D,

E,

2. Record 05 marks


---------------

Total 50 marks

-----------------

III B.Sc : Semester 6 : Paper 8B1 :

Diversity in Life

Theory & Practicals



for


Cluster Elective- II: Paper-VIII B-1 : DIVERSITY IN LIFE

Unit I Principles & methods of taxonomy: Concepts of species and hierarchical taxa, biological

nomenclature, classical &quantititative methods of taxonomy of plants, animals and

microorganisms.

Unit II Levels of structural organization:Unicellular, colonial and multicellular forms. Levels of

organization of tissues,organs & systems. Comparative anatomy, adaptive radiation, adaptive

modifications.

Unit III Natural history of Indian subcontinent:Major habitat types of the subcontinent, geographic

origins and migrations of species.

Unit IV Organisms of health & agricultural importance:Common parasites and pathogens of humans,

domestic animals and crops.

Unit V Organisms of conservation concern: Rare, endangered species. Conservation strategies.




Section - A


1. Unit- I

2. Unit- II

3. Unit-III

4. Unit- IV

5. Unit-V

Section- B










PRACTICALS : Paper-VIII B-1 : DIVERSITY IN LIFE

1. Identification of museum specimens of some economically important fishes.

2. Study of flora and fauna through charts and maps.

3. Preparation of field report based on the visit to a Wild Life Sanctuary/National

Park/Zoo/Biosphere Reserve.

4. Preparation of field report based on the survey of local flora.

5. Study of centre of diversity of plants from maps.

****











10. A,

B,

C,

D,

E,

2. Record 05 marks


---------------

Total 50 marks

-----------------


Evolution

Theory & Practicals



for


Cluster Elective- II: Paper-VIII B-2 : EVOLUTION

Unit I Emergence of evolutionary thoughtsLamarck; Darwin–concepts of variation, adaptation,

struggle, fitness and natural selection; Mendelism; Spontaneity of mutations; The evolutionary

synthesis.

Unit II Origin of cells and unicellular evolution:Origin of basic biological molecules; Concept of Oparin

and Haldane; Experiement of Miller (1953); The first cell; Evolution of prokaryotes; Origin of

eukaryotic cells; Evolution of unicellular eukaryotes; Anaerobic metabolism, photosynthesis and

aerobic metabolism.

Unit III Molecular Evolution:Concepts of neutral evolution, molecular divergence and molecular clocks;

Molecular tools in phylogeny, classification and identification;

Unit IV The Mechanism:Population genetics- Populations, Gene pool, Gene frequency; Hardy-Weinberg

Law; concepts and rate of change in gene frequency through natural selection, migration and

random genetic drift;

Unit V Adaptive radiation; Isolating mechanisms; Speciation; Allopatricity and Sympatricity;

Convergent evolution; Sexual selection; Co-evolution.




Section - A


1. Unit- I

2. Unit- II

3. Unit-III

4. Unit- IV

5. Unit-V

Section- B










PRACTICALS : Paper-VIII B-2 : EVOLUTION

1) Give detailed description of different symbolic representation of Pedigree analysis

2) Give diagrammatic representation of X-linked recessive trait

3) In a plant species the ability to grow in soil contaminated with nickel is determined by a

dominant allele.

i. If 60% of the seeds in a randomly mating population are able to germinate in contaminated

soil, what is the frequency of the resistance allele?

ii. Among the plants that germinate, that proportion is homozygous?

4) αβγ is an autosomal recessive disorder of man. The frequency of effected newborn infants is

about 1 in 14000. Assuming random mating, what is the frequency of heterozygotes?

5) DNA isolation and Polymerize chain reaction of the DNA

6) Agarose gel electrophoresis of the amplified solution and check the amplified bands in UV

transilluminator/UV Gel documentation.











11. A,

B,

C,

D,

E,

2. Record 05 marks


---------------

Total 50 marks

-----------------


Project

Theory & Practicals



for


Cluster Elective- II: Paper-VIII B-3 : PROJECT

PROJECT

III B.Sc : Semester 6 : Paper 8C1 :

Plant Biotechnology and Animal Biotechnology

Theory & Practicals



for


Cluster Elective- III: Paper-VIII C-1 : PLANT AND ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNITI: Cell and tissue culture: Introduction to cell and Tissue culture Laboratory facilities, Explant.

Tissue culture media (composition and preparation) Callus and suspension cultures: initiation

and maintenance of callus and suspension cultures; single cell clones.

UNITII: Tissue and micropropagation: Direct and indirect regeneration, production of haploids,

protoplast culture and Somatic hybridization.

UNITIII: Cloningin plants -Ti plasmid organization. Concept of transgenic plants Bt-cotton and other plant

applications.

UNITIV: Various techniques of animal cell and tissue culture: Culture media, growth factors,

laboratory facilities for animal cell culture. Characteristics of cells in culture: Contact inhibition,

anchorage dependence, cell-cell communication etc.; Cell senescence; cell and tissue response to

trophic factors. Primary culture, immortal cells, cell lines. Maintenance of cell lines in the

laboratory.

UNIT V: rDNA products: Brief idea about recombinant DNA products in medicine (insulin,

somatostatin, vaccines), Concept of Gene therapy, Production of recombinant vaccines–hepatitis.

Concept of transgenic animals In-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in humans and farm

animals.




Section - A


1. Unit- I

2. Unit- II

3. Unit-III

4. Unit- IV

5. Unit-V

Section- B









Advanced elective -1 : Animal biotechnology

Model Question Paper –Oct / Nov– 2017 Time : 3 hrs Max . Marks : 75

Part- A



1.A. Write in detail the principles of animal cell culture .

Or

B. Write about the cell culture media composition , preparation and sterilization.

2. A. Write the Culture of Stem cells and their application, classification of proteins.

Or

B. Describe the invitro fertilization and embryo transfer technology in humans.

3. A. Write the characteristics of cells in invi t ro culture.

Or

B. Write about the Growth factors required for cell survival and growth.

4.A.Describe about recombinant DNA products in medicine.

Or

B. Describe the production of transgenic animals and molecular pharming.

5.A Write an essay intellectual property rights.

Or

B. Write an essay on society and ethical aspects of Biotechnology.

Part-B


5. Explants and cell disaggregation. 10. Cell lines.

6. Culture vessels. 11. Gene therapy

7.Microinjection. 12. Applications of animal cell culture.

8. Preservation of cell lines 13. Copy right.

9. Primary culture 14. Patent




PRACTICALS : Paper-VIII C-1 : PLANT AND ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

1.Establishing a plant cell culture (both in solid and liquid media)–seed germination, callus

culture, suspension cell culture, regeneration from callus cells.

2. Suspension culture.

3.Cell count by hemocytometer.

4.Cytology ofcallus.

5.Establishing primary cell culture of chicken embryo fibroblasts.

6.Animal tissue culture –maintenance of established cell lines.

7.Animal tissueculture –viruscultivation.

8.Measurementofcell size.

9. Microphotography.

10.IMViC test.

11.Determination of seed viability.

Note: perform any 8 practicals ***











12. A,

B,

C,

D,

E,

2. Record 05 marks


---------------

Total 50 marks

-----------------


Environmental Biotechnology

Theory & Practicals



for


Cluster Elective- III: Paper-VIII C-2 : ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Unit I: Principles of Ecology: Water and terrestrial ecosystems, Bio-geo chemical cycles - Carbon,

Nitrogen cycles. Role of microbes in bio-geochemical cycles.

Unit II: Inorganic and Organic pollutants of air, land and water; maintenance of standards,

Environmental monitoring. Detection, treatment and prevention of pollution. Biological

indicators

Unit III: Biocides, Four stage alternatives, Refuse disposal - Treatment methods, effluent from

pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, pulp and paper industry.

Unit IV: Waste water management - Aerobic and anaerobic treatment, primary, secondary and tertiary

treatment of municipal wastes, Solid waste management.

Unit V: Bioremediation, Biodegradation of recalcitrant compounds and the role of genetically

engineered microbes and genetically modified organisms in the environmental management.




Section - A


1. Unit- I

2. Unit- II

3. Unit-III

4. Unit- IV

5. Unit-V

Section- B









Skill based elective - 1 : Environmental biotechnology

Model Question Paper – Mar / Apr – 2018 Time : 3 hrs Max . Marks : 75

Part- A



1.A. Write an essay on principles of ecology.

Or

B. Describe in detail the bio-geo chemical cycles.

2.A. Describe the inorganic and organic pollutants.

Or

B. Write in detail about detection, treatment and prevention of pollution.

3.A. Write in detail about refuse disposal treatment methods.

Or

B. Describe about four stage alternatives .

4.A. Describe the aerobic and anaerobic treatment of waste.

Or

B. write about primary, secondary and tertiary treatment of municipal wastes.

5.A Role of genetically engineered microbes the environmental management.

Or

B. Write about biodegradation of recalcitrant compounds

Part-B


5. Water ecosystems. 10. Fertilizers.

6. Nitrogen cycle. 11. Solid waste management.

7. Environmental monitoring 12. Biofilm.

. Biological indicators. 13. Bioremediation.

9. Biocides 14. Biodegradation.




PRACTICALS : Paper-VIII C-2 : ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

1. Detection of coliforms for determination of the purity of potable water.

2. Determination of total dissolved solids of water

3. Determination of Hardness and alkalinity of water sample.

4. Determination of dissolved oxygen concentration of water sample

5. Determination of biological oxygen demand of sewage sample

6. Determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of sewage sample.

7. Isolation of xenobiotic degrading bacteria by selective enrichment technique

8. Estimation of heavy metals in water/soil

9. Estimation of nitrate in drinking water.

10. Preparation and formulation of microbial biopesticide (bacteria, fungi and viruses)

11. In vitro evaluation of medicinal plants against pathogenic microbes.

12. Effect of mycorrhizal fungi on growth promotion of plants.

13. Production of microbial fertilizers (Rhizobium, Azotobacter and AMF).

Note: perform any 8 practicals

****











13. A,

B,

C,

D,

E,

2. Record 05 marks


---------------

Total 50 marks

-----------------


Industrial Biotechnology

Theory & Practicals



for


Cluster Elective- III: Paper-VIII C-3 : INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Unit I: Isolation, Screening, Preservation and Improvement of Industrially Important Microorganisms.

Synthetic and Natural Medium, Precursors, Antifoams, Sterilization Methods and Inoculum

Preparation.

Unit II: Definition of bioreactor, basic principles of bioreactor. Types of bioreactors. Analysis of batch,

continuous, fed batch and semi-continuous bioreactors.

Unit III: Ethanol Production by Fermentation using Molasses, Starchy Substances. Production of

Alcoholic Beverages like Beer and Wine. Production of Citric Acid by Submerged and Solid

State Fermentations.

Unit IV: Sources of Industrial Enzymes, Production of Microbial Enzymes like Amylase and protease.

Backer’s Yeast and SCP Production. Production of Antibiotics: Penicillin.

Unit V: Biotechnology Products- Production of recombinant proteins having therapeutic and diagnostic

applications(Insulin, Growth Hormone, Recombinant vaccines, Monoclonal Antibody).




Section - A


1. Unit- I

2. Unit- II

3. Unit-III

4. Unit- IV

5. Unit-V

Section- B









Advanced elective- 2 : Industrial biotechnology

Model Question Paper –Oct / Nov– 2017

Time : 3 hrs Max . Marks : 75

Part- A

Answer All the essay questions. . 5 X 10 = 50M


1.A. Describe in detail the Isolation, screening and preservation of microorganisms.

Or

B.Write about improvement of Industrially important microorganisms.

2.A. Write the basic principles of bioreactors.

Or

B. Write the Analysis of batch, continuous, fed batch and semi-continuous bioreactors.

3.A. Write the process of ethanol Production by fermentation using Molasses.

Or

B. Describe the production of citric acid by submerged and solid state fermentations.

4.A. Write about the fermentative production of antibiotic “Penicillin”.

Or

B.Write the production of microbial enzymes like amylase and protease.

5.A Production of recombinant proteins, Insulin

Or

B. Describe the production of monoclonal antibodies.

Part-B


5. Antifoams. 10. Wine.

6. Innoculum preparation. 11. Baker’s yeast.

7. bioreactor. 12. Single Cell Protein

8. Classification of Bioreactor 13. Growth hormone.

9. Starchy substances 14. Recombinant vaccine.




PRACTICALS : Paper-VIII C-3 : INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

1. Isolation of industrially important microorganisms from soil.

2. Isolation of amylase producing organisms from soil.

3. Production of α – amylase from Bacillus Spp. by shake flask culture.

4. Production of alcohol or wine using different substrates.

5. Estimation of alcohol by titrimetry.

6. Estimation of alcohol by calorimetric method.

7. Production of citric acid.

8. Citric acid production by submerged fermentation.

9. Estimation of citric acid by titrimetry.

Note: perform any 6 practicals * ** * * * * Each one from any of the three units out of five units











14. A,

B,

C,

D,

E,

2. Record 05 marks


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Total 50 marks

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Documents

Government College (Autonomous) Rajamahendravaram ...gcrjy.ac.in/departments/syllabus/432aca3a1e345e339... · paper Title of course Hrs per week CIA Marks SEE Total Credits 1 1 Microbiology