Good morning

Clear your desk and take out something with which to write.

We will begin with our Poetry Quiz today.

EQs: How can I assess my knowledge of poetry and figurative language?

What are verbals?

Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar

and usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals

(gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

VerbalsVerbalsG

erun

d

Ger

und

Par

ticip

le

Par

ticip

le

Infin

itive

Infin

itive

EQ: What are verbals?Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and

usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

Verbal Phrase = Verbal Phrase = • A phrase that is centered around a verb form.

• This verb form is NOT used as a verb in the sentence

• It is used as a nounnoun, adjectiveadjective or adverbadverb.

There are 3 kinds of verbals or verbal phrases:

GERUNDGERUND PARTICIPLEPARTICIPLE ININFINIFINITIVETIVE

EQ: What are verbals?Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and

usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

GerundGerund

- ingN

OU

N

What?What?

EQ: What are verbals?Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and

usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

Gerund / Gerund PhraseGerund / Gerund Phrase

• …centers around a verb form ending in -ING

• …is always used as a noun

• …is never surrounded by commas (except for appositives)

• Caution! -ING verb forms can also be verbs or adjectives (These are NOT gerunds.)

• …can be used in each of the 6 noun positions

Not all Not all -ING -ING words are words are GerundsGerunds::

• morning

• evening

• something

• nothing

• anything

• everythingEQ: What are verbals?

Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds,

participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

Not all Not all -ING -ING words are words are GerundsGerunds::

• Morning -- NOUN

• Evening-- NOUN

• Something-- PRONOUN

• Nothing-- PRONOUN

• Anything-- PRONOUN

• Everything-- PRONOUNEQ: What are verbals?

Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds,

participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

Gerund / Gerund PhraseGerund / Gerund Phrase

• His sister was dancing in the show. (not a gerund, verb phrase)

• I hate practicing the piano. (Direct Object)

• I gave my mom’s cooking a perfect 10. (Indirect Object)

• Sitting by the pool is quite relaxing. (Subject)

• Wishing upon a star, Sue imagined a better life. (not a gerund, participial phrase)

• While I was walking on the beach, I found a sand dollar. (not a gerund, clauseclause)

ParticipleParticiple-ing

-d

-ed

-n

-en

-nt

AD

JEC

TIV

E

What kind?What kind?

Which one?Which one?

EQ: What are verbals?Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and

usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

Participles…Participles…

• are verb forms that act like adjectives.

• can end in –ing, -d, -ed, -n, -en, nt

• will come as close as they can to the noun they modify

• can come BEFORE or AFTER the noun it modifies

EQ: What are verbals?Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and

usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

ParticiplesParticiples

Examples:

• The frowning clown fell down. (article/ adj./noun)

• The clown, frowning at the crowd, fell down.

• Frowning at the crowd, the clown fell down.

EQ: What are verbals?Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and

usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

Participial Phrases…Participial Phrases…

• may fall at the beginning of the sentence.

• If so, it will be separated from the sentencewith a comma

Example:

• Bent by the wind, the tree finally fell over.

EQ: What are verbals?Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and

usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

Find the participles:Find the participles:

• The fallen tree blocked the road.

• Mary had to replace the soiled carpet.

• Mike’s goal was hiking the Rockies.

• The running water eroded the soil.

• We finally got our own swimming pool.

• Eating jalapeno peppers can be painful.

EQ: What are verbals?Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and

usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

Find the participles Find the participles (Answers)(Answers)

• The fallen tree blocked the road.

• Mary had to replace the soiled carpet.

• Mike’s goal was hiking the Rockies. (gerund)

• The running water eroded the soil.

• We finally got our own swimming pool.

• Eating jalapeno peppers can be painful. (gerund)

EQ: What are verbals?Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and

usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

Find the participial phrases:Find the participial phrases:

• Running quickly, the puppy caught up with the family.

• Seeing my family made me feel safe.

• Bending in the wind, the tree finally fell.

• The wind, whipping through the valley, did extensive damage.

• I saw my uncle waiting for me. EQ: What are verbals?

Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds,

participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

Find the participial phrasesFind the participial phrases (Answers)(Answers)

• Running quickly, the puppy caught up with the family.

• Seeing my family made me feel safe. (gerund)

• Bending in the wind, the tree finally fell.

• The wind, whipping through the valley, did extensive damage.

• I saw my uncle waiting for me. EQ: What are verbals?

Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

Participle / Participial Phrase Participle / Participial Phrase patternspatterns to look for… to look for…

participial phrase , Subject + verb…

Subject, participial phrase , verb…

Subject + verb +DO participial phrase

PrepositionPreposition + OP participial phrase

ArticleArticle participle Noun

InInfinifinitivetive

to + verbN

OU

N /

AD

JEC

TIVE

/ A

DVE

RB

What? What? (NOUN)(NOUN)

Which one? Which one? (ADJ.)(ADJ.)

What kind? What kind? (ADJ.)(ADJ.)

Why? Why? (ADV.)(ADV.)

EQ: What are verbals?Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and

usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

InInfinifinitive tive RULES:RULES:• Center around TO + verb

• Verb is “naked” – No endings (-ing, -ed, etc.)

• Examples: to go, to sit, to talk, etc.

• Can be used as noun, adj. or adv.

• Caution! Caution! Do not confuse with prepositional phrasesprepositional phrases using “to”(to school, to me, to us, to them, to lunch, etc.)

EQ: What are verbals?Standard: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and

usage when writing or speaking. a.) Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.