Go Forth and Conquer!!

Unit 7 Test Review

Belief in limited governmentDomination of laissez-faire theoryPresidents are not innovatorsLimited issues: Civil Service, Currency, TariffsCorruption Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland,

Harrison, Cleveland, McKinley

Politics of the Gilded Age

1880 Election

The 1884 Election

The 1888 Election

The 1892 Election

The 1896 "Watershed" Election

Granger movement Northern and Southern Farmer Alliances The Populist (People’s Party)

Omaha Platform (1892)Impact of Panic of 1873Coxey’s Army (1894)The Silver Issue: Bland-Allison Act, Sherman

Silver Purchase ActImpact of Panic of 1893Significance of 1896 Election: Populist

demise, urban dominance, beginning of modern politics

Populism

Origins, motives, philosophyThe muckrakersPolitical Reforms in Cities and States: A. Voter participation 1. Australian, or secret, ballot 2. Direct primaries, direct election

of U.S. senators 3. Initiative, referendum, recall 4. Social reform

The Progressive Movement

B. Municipal reform 1. Controlling public utilities 2. Commissions and city managers

C. State Reform 1. Robert M. LaFollette and “The

Wisconsin Idea” 2. Temperance and prohibition

“Square Deal” for laborTrust-busting [Northern Securities Company,

Standard Oil]Railroad regulation: Elkins Act (1903) and

Hepburn Act (1906)Consumer protection: Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle 1. Pure Food and Drug Act 2. Meat Inspection Act• Conservation: Newlands Reclamation Act (1902);

established a National Conservation Commission (Gifford Pinchot)

Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal

Almost twice as many trust prosecutedEstablished Bureau of Mines; set aside

federal oil landsMann-Elkins Act (1910)Sixteenth and Seventeenth AmendmentsPayne-Aldrich Tariff (1909)Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy

Taft's Presidency

Election of 1912

High import tariffs.

Put limitations on female and child labor.

Workman’s Compensation Laws.

Against initiative, referendum, and recall.

Against “bad” trusts.

Creation of a Federal Trade Commission.

Stay on the gold standard.

Conservation of natural resources because they are finite.

Republican Party Platform

Government control of the monopolies trusts in general were bad eliminate them!!

Tariff reduction.

One-term President.

Direct election of Senators.

Create a Department of Labor.

Strengthen the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.

Did NOT support women’s suffrage.

Opposed to a central bank.

Democratic Party Platform: Wilson's "New Freedom"

Women’s suffrage.

Graduated income tax.

Inheritance tax for the rich.

Lower tariffs.

Limits on campaign spending.

Currency reform.

Minimum wage laws.

Social insurance.

Abolition of child labor.

Workmen’s compensation.

Progressive Party Platform: Roosevelt's "New Nationalism"

Government ownership of railroads and utilities.

Guaranteed income tax.

No tariffs.

8-hour work day.

Better housing.

Government inspection of factories.

Women’s suffrage.

Socialist Party Platform

YearSocialist

PartySocialist

Labor Party

Total

1888   2,068 2,068

1890   13,704 13,704

1892   21,512 21,512

1894   30,020 30,020

1896   36,275 36,274

1898   82,204 82,204

1900 96,931 33,405 130,336

1902 223,494 53,763 277,257

1904 408,230 33,546 441,776

1906 331,043 20,265 351,308

1908 424,488 14,021 438,509

1910 607,674 34,115 641,789

1912 901,873

Tariff reduction: Underwood Tariff (1913)Banking Reform: Federal Reserve Act (1914)Business regulation: 1. Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) 2. Federal Trade Commission (1914)Other reforms: 1. Federal Farm Loan Act (1916) 2. Child Labor Act (1916) [declared

unconstitutional in the 1918 case of Hammer v. Dagenhart]

Woodrow Wilson's Progressive Program