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GMOs and control
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Control is based on
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Gene Technology Act (Genetic Engineering Act 17.3.1995 / 377)
supervision in accordance with the document is based on the monitoring of the
carried out by inspectors in surveillance missions.
The basis of the operator's control are:
announcement, including environmental and health risks
evaluation, monitoring and traceability requirements as well
labeling requirements, and other Community legislation
requirements.
GMO under the supervision of the necessary sampling and
The development of analytical methods have been directed
CommunityNetwork of GMO Laboratories (ENGL)
run
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Practical Control
Practical supervision equivalent to three
Surveillance Authority:
Valvira (Welfare and Health and supervisory agency)
Evira (Finnish Food Safety Authority)
SYKE (Finnish Environment Institute).
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SYKE is responsible for the use of the open (field experiments and GMO
products), supervision of environmental issues
Evira is of Agriculture and Forestry issues. Valvira
These should include the use of closed and open use
control of health issues. Gene Technology
Board's mission is to plan, coordinate and,
control. Control of a central tool,
genetic engineering register, maintained by the Valvira.
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Who is responsible for what
SYKE is responsible for the use of the open (field experiments and GMO
products), supervision of environmental issues
Evira is of Agriculture and Forestry issues.
Valvira the responsibility of the contained use, as well as open
Control of access to health issues. Gene Technology
maintenance of the register
Board for Gene Technology is responsible for designing and
coordinate control. Supervision of the central
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tool, responsible for Valvira
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Labeling and traceability of GMO products
The placing on the market of all GMO products
stages on the label or accompanying the product
The document shall include the statement: "This product
contains genetically modified organisms "
The traceability of GMO products will ensure that the market
in all stages of the placing.
For products that contain licensed
Traces of GMOs randomly or technical reasons, and which GMOs
can not be avoided, the EC legislation
fixed amount (0.9%), below which products will not
need to be labeled.
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The essential points
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0.5% limit GMOs in food residues, which do not
authorized GMO
0.9% of GMOs in excess of the limit for the products of forced entry
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The need for detection and kvantitaatiomenetelmille
Due to laws
because GMO raw materials is much
producers wishing to advertise their products to be GMO
free
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GMOs can be detektioda
ELISA or Western subjects produced in detecting at guests
protein
In processed food products protein
may be denatured
Not very sensitive
DNA recognizing methods
Better preservation of DNA
contamination in
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Western
the detection limit of 0.25% for seeds
1% roasted would eat
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ELISA
the detection limit of 0.25% soya
1.4% for roasted meal
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A peak of 15 min
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Lateral flow stick
Found in the commercial identification of a few GMOs
Highspeed, or about 10 mins
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DNAbased identification methods
In general, the GMO is the promoter, gene and terminator,
derived from a different organism
These sequences give specificity to a certain limit
until
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The most common methods
Southern hybridization
PCRbased
Microarraybased development
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Southern
Detection of> 1 h labels nonradioktiivisilla
not sensitive because the product is not amplified
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PCR
GeneScanEurope sells a kit for the detection of GMOs
foods
1. PCR
2. exonuclease cleaves singlestranded
3. Hybridization with the DNA chip
4. The reading of the results Biodetect device 654 (Cy5)
KohdeDNA 250 detects the copy to PCR reaction
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Problems
The same kostruktioita organism is made more
Variations have been made to a number of the same organism
DNA peräisi organisms that may be present in food
anyway
Pirate GMOs
Too many food / process and too little
validated methods and a lack of reference materials
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GMO test methods:
PCR testing
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PCR testing is a widely used laboratory method,
which makes it possible to accurately determine the
Number of genetically modified organisms in a sample,
also the food.
Testing is expensive and resources for laboratory tests
making are poor.
The authorities are analyzing the cost of about 150
€ if you want to find out whether the sample at all
GMO, and about 420 € if you want to determine GMO's
The exact amount.
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GMO test methods:
ELISA Tests
ELISA tests can only be tested with fresh and
untreated samples, or somehow processed
raw material or food, it can not be tested.
The performance takes place in test strips, the result obtained
in a day or laboratories.
A single strip can be explored just always given
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presence of protein in the sample, ie only certain of genetically modifiedvariety. The sample can not be determined GM material
amount, but only if it is present or not.
The tests make for example. In North America, farmers and
Recipients of grain stocks of goods. Single test
price will be estimated at approx. € 35.
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GMO test methods:
Rikkakasviainebioanalyysit
The seed can be bioassay to determine
rikkakasviaineen genetically modified for resistance
the presence of the variety and amount of rough
sample. Not suitable for foods.
Seeds are germinated in a medium with
the same rikkakasviaineita for which GM varieties are
resistant.
The result is available within a week and the package costs
about 1828 €. It can test only one
sample.
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Statistics for random testing:
The National Food Agency is the provincial governments and municipalities
with the authorities commissioned since 1999
a random GMO analyzes of soybeans and corn
containing foods.
Since 1998, Finnish Customs Laboratory is done
spot checks in third countries in future
food and part of the EU territory future
foods.
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1998
Customs analyzed 16 soy and corn feedstock, of which 5
could be showing signs of a GM.
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Concentrations not yet singled to determine.
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1999
The National Food Administration investigated levels of 10 soya or maize containing
food, 2 of which showed signs of a GM.
Customs Laboratory 72 samples, 30 of which contained
Genetically modified ingredients.
No Further concentrations did not know how to determine the
2000
The National Food Administration investigated levels muuntogeenisyyttä 46 soy or
food containing corn. 16 included
Genetically modified ingredients and 1 exceeded the labeling requirement
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limit.
The Customs Laboratory examined 70 soya and maize containing
samples, of which 29 were signs of a GM and 7
samples exceeded the labeling obligation threshold of 1%.
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2001
The National Food Administration investigated levels of 51 samples, of which 12 were
GM and 1 exceeded the permitted limit value
10 was also studied in organic samples, which were pure
Customs Laboratory analyzed 92 food, of which 36
containing GM ingredients and 5 exceeded the allowed
threshold value
2002
Finland took part in the EU to coordinate
control program, in order to check,
compliance with Community law of
The labeling of food ingredients, which can
contains genetically modified soya and maize.
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2002 continues ..
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It was examined a total of 183 samples (112 soy, corn 63).
Genetically modified soybean and corn found 44 9 sample.
Exceeding the limit value of the samples had a total of 9 tracks.
10 were also analyzed for organic samples, together with the
genetically modified soybean (0.01%).
2003
The National Food Administration investigated levels of 35 samples (27 normal + 8
organic).
Yhdessäkään studied the food was not found
GM material in more than merkitsemisrajan.
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2010
9 pieces of foods containing soy
4 pieces of food containing corn
8 pieces of food products containing rice
4 pieces of food containing flax
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5 pieces of soy, corn or flaxcontaining
organic foods
GM material was observed in 41% of samples.
Of the five studied luomuelintarvikkeesta together found
GM soya less than 0.1%, but this was
according to regulations.
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Sources:
National genetically modified organisms
monitoring program
http://www.elintarvikevirasto.fi/kuluttajalle/p4092.pdf
Biotechnology info
http://www.bioteknologia.info/uutiset/maatalous___ruoka/f
i_FI / suomeen_tuotu_verraten_vahan_geenimuunneltuja_
Varieties /
Organic and genetically modified crop production
plants coexistence of both the Finnish and organic farmer
perceptions of it. http: //www.luomul iitto.fi/opinnaytetyo.pdf
Genetic food myths and facts, 2000
http: //www.kuluttajat
konsumenterna.fi/docs/gmomyytit.htm
WTO industrial stick horse. NIGD Discussion
Paper 5/2004
http://www.nigd.org/docs/NIGD DP52004.pdf
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