GM Fuel Cell Technology & Status

California Energy Commission

Sacramento, 29Sep09, p

General Motors

Alex Keros

GM Confidential

Vehicle ElectrificationHybrid & Electric Drive Types & BenefitsHybrid & Electric Drive Types & Benefits

ICE PowerICE Power Plug-inPlug-in

EquinoxFuel Cell

Electric PowerElectric Power

YYYY

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Hybrid 2-Mode Hybrid

2-Mode Plug-in Hybrid

Extended Range Electric Vehicle

Battery Electric Vehicle & Fuel Cell

CTIO

NA

LITY

CTIO

NA

LITY

CTIO

NA

LITY

CTIO

NA

LITY • SIDI

• 2-step valve• HCCI• Turbo boost

• Engine off on deceleration and at idle

• Mild regenerative

• Full regenerative braking

• Engine cycle optimizationElectric launch

• Plug-in rechargeable

• More electric drive during charge depletion

• Full-function electric drive

• Initial pure electric rangeSignificantly

• 100% pure electric range

• Energy storage in a battery or hydrogen tank

FUN

CFU

NC

FUN

CFU

NC • 6 speed

transmissions• Active Fuel

Management

regenerative braking

• Electric power assist

• Electric launch• Limited pure

electric drive• Engine downsize

charge-depletion• Reduced

refueling

• Significantly reduced refueling

hydrogen tank• No exhaust

emissions

MMMM

All ElectricElectric with Mechanical

Assist

Mechanical with Electric

Assist

RIV

E SY

STEM

RIV

E SY

STEM

RIV

E SY

STEM

RIV

E SY

STEM

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Increasing Level of Efficiency & Reduced Emissions

DR

DR

DR

DR

Project Driveway –World’s Largest Fuel Cell Vehicle Fleetg

REAL WORLD DATAOver 80,000 customers applied116 vehicles in four countries (50+ in California)80 customer driversOver 10,000 people total have driven the vehicles13,000 fills/30,000 kg of H2 = 60,000 gal of gasoline savedPerformed through 2 wintersVehicles with over 25,000 milesOver 1,000,000 cumulative miles

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Project Driveway: Hydrogen Infrastructure

To support Project Driveway and encourage industry, GM invested >$12M in H2 Fueling equipment from multiple suppliers.$ 2 g q p p pp

Systems are GM owned/leased, installed, operated, and maintained.In the last year, GM & its partners have completed “first-fills” on additional 8 fuelers

Experience with Air Liquide, Air Products, Linde, Quantum, Hydrogenics. & others.Installations in multiple states (e.g. CA, NY) & countries (North America, Europe).Comprehensive Learning: Technology Development to Project Management

Complete data tracking from fill time to part replacement to customer experience.Several systems with greater than 5,000 kg’s delivered.“Handshake to First Fill” in less than 5 months at Clean Energy LAX.

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Standard Program Timing for 2015 Launches

201120102009 2012 2013 2014 2015

2015 Target

$$$ Tactical ExecutionTechnology Dev‘t.Beta Calibration

ManufacturingGamma HardwareAlpha LaunchPre-development Charter

• Next step: Reasonable Automotive Volumes

• Technology Pre-development CompleteTechnology Pre-development Complete

• Evaluation:• US government policy• Infrastructure initiatives• OEM/Customer Incentives

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GM Fuel Cell Systems Durability

Next Generation systems are on glide path to meet commercial durability

140,000

Fuel Cell System Durability (miles)

100,000

120,000

60,000

80,000

0

20,000

40,000

0

Project DrivewayDemonstration

Project DrivewayUpdates

CommercialIntroduction

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Today 2015Timeframe

GM Fuel Cell Systems Cost

Next Generation systems are on glide path to meet commercial cost

B l f Pl t

Fuel Cell System Cost

Balance of Plant

Fuel Cell Stack

80g Pt30g Pt

<10g Pt

ProjectDriveway500/year

CommercialIntroduction

10k/year 100k/year 1000k/year

30g Pt

SubsequentGenerations

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2015Timeframe

2020 - 2022

Today

Roadmap for Accelerating Fuel Cell‐Electric Vehicle Innovation

EnablersResearch: Continued DOE‐funded 

BarriersHigh development and deployment 

research grantsProduct Development: Development and Investment

costs during Gen 1 and 2 borne by OEMs without much ability to recover pricing from consumersDevelopment and Investment 

incentives for OEMs and suppliersCommercial Deployment: Incentives for infrastructure

p gRefueling infrastructure deployment coordinated with vehicle deploymentRisk due to price volatility ofIncentives for infrastructure 

deployment, customer purchase (tax credit) and education, energy polic (carbon/CO ta ) OEM

Risk due to price volatility of oil/gasolineInconsistent public policy, which creates disincentives for privatepolicy (carbon/CO2 tax), OEM 

incentives (CAFE/CO2, FE regulation) 

creates disincentives for private investment

Lack of US long term energy and environmental strategy and funding/signal from key agencies (DoE, DoD), has added significant risk to the technology development

Appreciate CA continued engagement with key agencies

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- - Appreciate CA continued engagement with key agencies

GM Competitive Position in Fuel Cell TechnologyGM is the only domestic OEM with in-house automotive experiencey p

• GM developed a leadership position

– GM has over 20 years experience & invested >$1By p

– GM is operating world’s largest fuel cell vehicle fleet (Project Driveway)

– GM established technology strength in electrochemistry, materials, systems engineering, modeling and packagingengineering, modeling and packaging

• In total, U.S. Government & Companies invested over $3B

• Given co-dependence of high volume vehicle introduction & refueling infrastructure, GM has invested to remain among the fuel cell leaders

– Need consistent and long term government policy supporting fuel cell and hydrogen commercialization

– Need funding initiatives and H2 infrastructure development) in light of significant g 2 p ) g geconomic challenges

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Closing Comments

• GM continues to aggressively pursue fuel cell technology option

• Technology spending and investment is at significant risk, given financial challenges

National polic initiati es are necessar to enable pa back for • National policy initiatives are necessary to enable payback for advanced propulsion technologies, esp. fuel cells and related hydrogen infrastructure

Requests to CEC:Requests to CEC:Appreciate continued engagement with key agencies

Need support for maintaining the existing infrastructure & expanding infrastructure

N d ' t t k th ti i t th f d l d t t l lNeed everyone's support to keep the option going at the federal and state levels

Complete comprehensive analytical tool on “executable” hydrogen infrastructure plan

NG to Renewables plus Requirements , Risks, & Outcomes in Key Priority areas in CA

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GM will support inputs into such a model

Additional

GM Confidential

GM’s Gen 2 Fuel Cell System Cuts Size, Weight and Cost System with 5th Generation Fuel Cell Stack Could Be Commercialized in 2015

Washington, D.C. -- The second generation hydrogen fuel cell system in development by General Motors Co. is half the size, 220 pounds lighter and uses less than half the precious metal of the current generation in the Chevrolet Equinox Fuel Cell electric vehicle.

And the production intent fuel cell powertrain can be packaged under the hood in about the same space as a four-cylinder engine. It contains GM’s fifth-generation fuel cell stack, which could be commercialized in the 2015 time frame.

GM Confidential