ObjectiveThis consultancy support required by the Ministry of

Environment, Science and Technology (MoEST) had intendedto institutionalize the Mountain Initiative (MI) taken by theGovernment of Nepal. This covers the technical assistancerequirements to establish and strengthen Mountain Initiative Unitat the MoEST, initiate implementation of activities related toKathmandu Call for Action, an outcome of the InternationalConference of Mountain Countries on Climate Change held inApril 2012 in Kathmandu, and provide technical backstoppingsupport to all climate change relevant activities includingstrengthening of international negotiation on climate change.

And, one of the primary objectives of this consultancy wasto initiate and strengthen in-depth reporting on the issues relatedto climate change with special focus on mountain environmentand shed light on the Kathmandu Call for Action that wasadopted during the International Conference of MountainCountries on Climate Change held in Kathmandu in April 2012.

The project further aimed to highlight the government-formulated National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA)and Local Adaptation Plan of Action (LAPA).

It aimed to enhance capacity of journalists to improve theirunderstanding and reporting on national and field level climatechange activities by organizing two training programs in midand far west Nepal.

It also aimed to hold a national workshop to present anddiscuss the in-depth reports produced by the reporters. The aimwas to enhance public awareness on the mountain issues andhelp reach out to the general public about the government�’sinitiative to deal with the mountain environment.

There were two categories of support in this consultancy:a. providing advisory support to the MoEST on MI and

climate change activities.b. conducting mass communication activities on MI and climate

change.

NEFEJ�’ role in meeting communication objectivesNepal Forum of Environmental Journalists took the

responsibility of holding various programmes to enhance theskills of journalists in the programme areas of the Nepal ClimateChange Support Programme (NCCSP) of the MoEST, withfinancial assistance of the UK Government. Following are theactivities finalized to meet the communication objectives of theproject.

Appointment of consultantsNEFEJ held several meetings prior to the actual

implementation of the project to acquire services of variousconsultants.As per the understanding, Mr. Batu Krishna Uprety, former jointsecretary and chief of the Climate Change Division in the thenMinistry of Environment (Which now is the Ministry ofEnvironment, Science and Technology - MoEST), was appointedas a lead consultant to provide technical input to the project. Hewas given the responsibility of providing advisory support tothe MoEST on the Mountain Initiative and climate changeactivities.(Report on advisor Uprety�’s works is attached herewith in a separate pagebelow)Several other meetings were held during the project period with

senior environmental journalists to discuss the current issuesrelated to climate change and mountain environment.

TrainingUnder the project, NEFEJ successfully organised two

training programmes in Dhangadhi (Kailali) and Birendranagar(Surkhet) under the banner "Capacity Building of LocalJournalists - Understanding and Reporting Climate Change."

The training were held on 5-6 October in Dhangadhi and8-9 October in Birendranagar to provide basic information onthe issues related to climate change with especial focus on itsimpact on the mountain environment.

Altogether 20 journalists from various districtsparticipated in each of the training programmes. All the 14districts in mid-west and far west Nepal where the MoEST isimplementing the Nepal Climate Change Support Programme(NCCSP) were represented in the training while local journalistsfrom few more districts were also included. These journalistsrepresented both national and local media.Participating districts in training in Kailali:

Achham, Bardiya, Dang, Rukum, Rolpa, Bajura, Kailali,Banke, Dadeldhura, Baitadi, Kanchenpur, Doti

Participating districts in training in Surkhet:Humla, Jumla, Mugu, Dolpa, Kalikot, Jajarkot, Dailekh,

SurkhetThe inauguration of training programmes were covered

widely in the local media in both Dhangadhi and Surkhet. Localmedia representatives, civil society leaders, government officialsand concerned stakeholders participated in the inaugurationprogrammes in both the districts.

Then secretary of the MoEST Krishna Gyawali, who hasnow been transferred as secretary at the Industry Ministry,addressed the inaugural session of the training in Birendranagarwhere he highlighted the objectives of the training. He shedlight on Nepal�’s current status at the Intergovernmental Panelon Climate Change (IPCC) and her position in the internationalnegotiations on climate change.

Apart from leading the Least Developed Countries, Nepalhas also been leading the international negotiations by formingthe Mountain Initiative to highlight the concerns and plight ofthe mountain people throughout the world, Gyawali further said,in his address, adding that the government is set to implement

NCCSP in 14 districts of mid and far west Nepal to help thelocal communities adapt and mitigate the impact of climatechange.

Addressing the same function, Purushottam Kunwar, ChiefDistrict Officer of Surkhet, gave background information onhow the issues concerning environmental conservation havebeen mainstreamed in the past few decades, leading to theestablishment of a focused ministry on environment now.

Representative of the district chapter of Federation ofNepalese Journalists (FNJ) chaired the inaugural session wherethe then NEFEJ President Laxman Upreti highlighted theobjectives of the training.

Both the training programmes were widely covered in thelocal media.

Content of trainingThe basic objective of the two training programmes was

to engage local journalists in understanding the issues relatedto climate change and provide them opportunities to learn howto report climate change in their respective media.

The training was divided into two sections - UnderstandingClimate Change and Reporting Climate Change.

Vinod Gautam, Section Officer in the Climate ChangeManagement Division in the MoEST, took classes in bothDhangadhi and Birendranagar as an expert from thegovernment. Some of the issues he dealt with were basicknowledge on climate change and its consequences for countrieslike Nepal and impacts of climate change on Nepal�’s mountainenvironment. He gave details about National AdaptationProgramme of Action (NAPA) and Local Adaptation Plan forAction (LAPA) and their working areas. He also highlighted thegovernment�’s Nepal Climate Change Support Programme(NCCSP) and the Mountain Initiative.

The trainees were also provided necessary information onthe basics of climate adaptation and mitigation measures in theirrespective districts.

During the two-day training, senior journalists MohanMainali and Mohan Bista taught the local journalists the nittygritty of environmental journalism and engaged the latter onhow to report issues related to climate change and mountainenvironment. How to produce news and feature reports onclimate change, sources of news, reporting tools, framing thestories, presentation of a story and other tips for reporting weresome of the issues dealt with during the training.

The participants were also shown a video documentarycalled Climate Change Refugee produced by NEFEJ to providethe participating journalists some insights into the issue.

After one and half day long training classes, the trainersdiscussed the issues of climate change with the participatingjournalists in their respective districts and identified the possiblestories. Following this, the journalists were asked to write a briefoutline of one story each.

Outcome (In-depth reports)Five story ideas (from two training) were selected on the

basis of the brief outline and selected journalists were providingfunding to work on their respective in-depth reports. Theselected journalists were Pratima Pariyar (Surkhet), NimendraShahi (Bajura), Ganesh Chaudhary (Kailali), Prakash Adhikari(Dailekh) and Devika Ghartimagar (Dang).

Apart from these five reports, four more in-depth reports

were produced at the national level. The senior environmentaljournalists selected for the purpose were Ramesh Prasad Bhushal(Republica), Shyam Bhatta (Nagarik), Pragati Shahi (The KathmanduPost) and Abdullah Miya (Kantipur). (All the stories attached withsynopsis in English of Nepali reports)

Senior environmental journalist Dhurba Basnet was selectedto produce a documentary on the food pattern change in Kailalidistrict. Basnet altogether managed to produce three videoreports. (Synopsis of the video documentaries attached)

These 10 selected journalists have produced their storieson various climate change related issues. The journalists wereasked to publish these reports in their respective media. Whilemany reports have been published, some are yet to be published.

The project came to a close with the national workshopwhich was held on November 22 and 23 at Hotel Summit,Kathmandu. During the workshop, the selected journalistspresented the stories and shared tehri experience during theresearch they have conducted during the reporting.

All the key stakeholders, including representatives from thegovernment and the donors and other like-minded non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and international NGOsactively participated in the workshop.

(Detailed proceedings of the national workshop on Reporting ClimateChange and the list of participants are attached herewith)

DocumentationA final report is being prepared to document the entire

activities implemented under the project.(A hard copy with properly designed format is under production.)A seperate book is being worked out including the stories

produced under the project.

BackgroundNepal organized International conference of Mountain

Countries on Climate Change on 5-6 April 2012. The Conferencehelped to bring together both rich and poor mountain countriesto make a joint commitment to "Kathmandu Call for Action".Nepal had promoted this initiative since COP 15, particularly toensure that mountains and mountain people are recognized ashaving important role to play in sustainable development andtackling climate change impacts.

The Kathmandu Call for Action touches on all the mainareas of the global mountain issues including

high vulnerability of mountains and communities to climatechange,potential of green economy and low carbon growth,the international commitment for adequate funding, andthe need of greater research and the development ofMountain specific technology and its transfer

Nepal has continued to be active internationally anddomestically on climate change. The MoESThas led thedelegation to various international climate negotiationconferences including COP17 and meeting of the SubsidiaryBodies. The MoEST led delegation team have demonstrated clearunderstanding of CC negotiation issues and clear division ofresponsibilities. The effort of the team is well reflected in thegains made by Nepal to chair the LDC Coordination Group onUNFCCC process for two years (2013 and 2014) and to raisingthe profile of Mountains at COP17 and Rio+20.

Outputs

1) Mountain Initiative Unit functional at MoEST

a) Functional Mountain Initiative Unit establishedb) MoEST�’s capacity strengthened to independently

manage MI Unit

2) Advisory (technical) support provided to MoEST totake leadership in International Climate negotiations

a) Climate Change Advisor appointed (in agreement withMoEST)

b) Technical documents prepared, as required, to helpMoEST at international climate change negotiationmeetings including through CNT�’s intuitional capacityenhancement activities

c) Support provided to MoEST in reviewing documentsrelated to MI, international climate negotiation and CCprogrammes at MoEST (e.g. NCCSP, implementationof Climate Change Policy including PPCR)

d) Technical expertise (resource person/s) provided atworkshops and meetings

3) Advisory services provided to MoEST�’s MI andClimate Coordination initiatives

a) Technical backstopping support provided to MoEST tocoordinate climate change initiatives and programmes(including organizing MCCICC)

b) Documents prepared (including Terms of Reference andExpression of Interest) and awareness raising materialson Climate Change including for Nepal Climate ChangeSupport Programme

c) Support MoEST in its initiatives in raising awarenessat field and national level on NAPA, LAPA, Low CarbonClimate Resilient Strategy, etc.

d) Coordination and technical support provided toAlternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC) to formTechnical Committee and Thematic Working Groupsfor Low Carbon Climate Resilient Strategy

4) Awareness raising on MI and Climate Changecommunication

a) Communication related to MI through appropriatemedia channels

b) Capacity of media and media persons working at mid-west and far west Nepal (including NCCSP areas)enhanced

c) Nine in-depth reports including on local climateadaptation actions and field stories prepared by mediacommunicators and used for awareness raising throughappropriate mass media

d) One video documentary producede) Local adaptation actions documented and

communicated through mass media.f) Central level interaction programme based on field

reports and national practice organised, and findingused for designing other climate change activities

1. The Mountain Initiative Unit has been established inthe Ministry that will, inter alia, promote the implementation ofthe Kathmandu Call for Action (KCA) �– an outcome of theInternational Conference of Mountain Countries on Climate Change whichwas held in Kathmandu in April 2012. The MI Unit is under theClimate Change Management Division of the Ministry and theClimate Change Section is designated to carry forward theactivities related to the MI at both national and internationallevels.

2. The KCA encourages mountain countries to preparenational action plan on climate change activities for the mountainsto ensure adequate and effective flow of financial resources,and Programme of Work (PoW) to carry forward the KCA togenerate information and promote cooperation and coordinationamongst, and within mountain countries and other countries andinstitutions to address the adverse impacts of climate change inthe mountains.

3. During the 18th session of the Conference of the Parties(COP) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Changeand the 8th meeting of the COP serving as the Meeting of theParties (MOP) [CMP] to the Kyoto Protocol, the following two

Activities accomplishedby Climate Change Advisor

In order to meet the objectives and in line with the major responsibilities of Climate Change Advisor to provideadvisory support to MoEST (now the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, MoSTE) on MountainInitiative (MI) and climate change adaptation activities, the Advisor was engaged in, has participated, andsupported in carrying out the following activities.

major side-events on mountains at Doha, Qatar:a. The MoEST with the support from the Climate

Development and Knowledge Network (CDKN)/IntegratedDevelopment Services (IDS) - Nepal, and Clean Energy Nepal(CEN) organised a side-event on 6 December 2012 in Doha,Qatar. The side-event was chaired by Dr. Keshab Man Shakya,Hon. Minister for Science, Technology and Environment ofNepal and was welcomed by Mr. Keshab Bhattarai, Secretary atMoSTE. Climate negotiators from Tajikistan and Scientist fromEVK2-CNR Project including Mr. Krishna Gyawali, Dr. DineshChandra Devkota, and Dr. Madhav Karki made statementshighlighting the urgent need for consolidated efforts to influenceclimate negotiation for the benefits of the mountains andcommunities.

Presenting the PoW to carry forward the KCA, Mr. PrakashMathema, Joint-Secretary, MoSTE informed the participantsabout the establishment of MI Unit at MoSTE, and proposedfor the establishment of the Mountain Platform to effectivelyoperationalise the MI. However, participation at the MountainPlatform will be optional, flexible and open to all potentialcountries. Other elements of the PoW include: (i) appointmentof focal point for communicating, facilitating and expeditingMI activities in a coordinated way; (ii) formation of the

coordination committee for necessary guidance, coordinationand cooperation; (iii) development of a framework andmechanism for effective operation of MI with wider consultationof concerned stakeholders; and (iv) establishment of a specialfund for effective channelization of resources by engaging UNagencies, international institutions and other actors. All speakersunderscored the importance of MI to address the adverse impactsof climate change on the mountains.

b. ICIMOD in collaboration with the Ministry, FAO-Mountain Partnership, The World Bank, SDC, CGIAR, WCCand WWF organised Mountain Day�–2 (mainstreaming Rio+20outcomes for prosperous, resilient and sustainable mountainecosystems and communities) on 3 December 2012. This eventwas also addressed by Dr. Keshab Man Shakya, Hon. Ministerfor Science, Technology and Environment, Mr. Gyan ChandraAcharya, UN Under-Secretary General and High Representativefor Least Developed, Landlocked Developing and Small IslandStates. Climate change stories from the Andes, Alps, Hindu-KushHimalayan region, and West Africa were shared during this event.Various speakers presented their views, concerns and ideas onintegrated management of water and other mountain ecosystemservices for meeting adaptation and resilience goals, and climatechange adaptation and mitigation in mountains for food security,livelihoods and ecosystem services.

These two events dissected the adverse impacts of climatechange in the mountains and explored possibilities for addressingthem through coordinated and collaborated efforts. The GlobalEnvironment Facility (GEF) organised Adaptation PractitionersDays at Doha on 1-2 December 2012. It focussed on climateadaptation in the mountains by presenting GEF-fundedadaptation activities (GLOF) in Bhutan.

4. The Advisor was fully engaged in supporting NCCSPactivities including the preparation of minutes of the thirdmeeting of the Programme Steering Committee, and high-levelbriefing from DFID to Hon'ble Minister for Environment,Science and Technology and high level officials of the MoESTand relevant organisations. The Advisor was equally engaged inreviewing and providing suggestions and inputs to NCCSP TADocument prepared by UNDP, and attending consultativemeetings. In order to implement most urgent and immediateadaptation activities and/or Local Adaptation Plan for Actions(LAPAs) in NCCSP areas, necessary following draft documentswere prepared for outsourcing the services in line with the PublicProcurement Act and Rules of Nepal:a. Terms of Reference (ToR) for implementation of

LAPA and Community Development Plan including ClimateCommunication

b. District-wise and Hub-wise compilation of prioritisedclimate change adaptation actions as included in LAPAs (69VDC level LAPAs and 1 LAPA for Municipality in 14 districts,and 4 Hubs) for one year period

c. Master Procurement Plan and Annual Procurement Pland. EoI (Expression of Interest) Evaluation Criteriae. EoI related Information to Service Providersf. Public Notice for the EoIg. Request for Proposal (rfp) for Service Providersh. Contract Agreementi. Other necessary documents

The MoSTE/NCCSP has published public notice on 3December 2012 to initiate a process for engaging service

provider(s) in implementing LAPAs and CommunityDevelopment Plan in NCCSP areas. In addition, UNDP whichwill provide Technical Assistance to NCCSP has also publisheda public notice to recruit necessary human resources for centrallevel and hub-level support for the timely and effectiveimplementation of the LAPAs and related activities.

5. In order to consolidate ideas, concerns, views and needsof the country and contribute and influence to the Doha ClimateChange Conference, the Ministry prepared an 'Information Noteto the COP18/CMP8 Delegates'. This information note includes:(i) background information on Nepal's engagement on UNFCCCprocess; (ii) UNFCCC process and outstanding issues withparticular focus on ADP (Ad hoc Working Group on DurbanPlatform for Enhanced Action), AWG on further commitmentsof Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol, AWG on Long-term Cooperative Action (shared vision, mitigation, adaptation,finance, technology development and transfer). This note wasdistributed to all members of the Core Negotiating Team (CNT)and other delegates attending the Doha Climate ChangeConference which was held at Doha from 26 November to 7December 2012. While preparing 'information note', the Advisorcontributed on Nepal'sengagement to UNFCCC(right from 1992 to 2012)and establishment andfunctions of the CNT, andin finalising the document(information note).

6. The MoESTorganised the following twop r e - C O P 1 8 / C M P 8consultation workshops inKathmandu before leavingto Doha and the Advisoractively participated in theseworkshops:

a. A consultation workshop on Nepal's Preparation forCOP18 was organised in collaboration with the Clean EnergyNepal (CEN) on 12 November 2012. Mr. Praksash Mathemapresented key positions of the LDCs, LDC Group in UNFCCCprocess, Nepal's Strategy as the Chair of the LDC CoordinationGroup for 2013 and 2014, Nepal's preparation for Doha, and'information note' as mentioned in para 5 above. The MoESTalso shared its expectations in Doha (successful completion ofAWG-LCA and AWG-KP so that negotiations on post-2020climate regime can start from a solid footing; and agreement ona clear work plan for ADP to go forward). Issues and agenda ofCOP18/CMP8 were also discussed in this workshop which waschaired by Mr. Ke Mr. Keshab Prasad Bhattarai, Secretary atMoEST.

b. The pre-COP consultation workshop was alsoorganized on 16 November 2012 with the support from CDKNand IDS-Nepal. A book on Climate Change and UNFCCC Processwas launched by Mr. Keshab Prasad Bhattarai, Secretary atMoEST. Mr. Prakash Mathema shared issues and agenda forCOP18. Ms. Sharmila Karki, Chair of the NGO Federation, Dr.Dinesh C. Devkota, Former Vice-Chair of the NPC, Dr. K.C.Paudel, Secretary at MoFSC, and Mr. Krishna Gyawali, Secretaryat Ministry of Industry made their remarks. Mr. Keshab P.

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Bhattarai, Secretary at MoEST made chair's remark. The Advisorcontributed a chapter on UNFCCC process in the book.

The RRN organised an Interaction Programme on NepaleseCivil Society Concerns for Effective Climate Negotiations at COP18/CMP8 on 21 November 2012 with the theme of 'Act Now forClimate Justice'. It was also attended by the Hon'ble Ministerfor Environment, Science and Technology.

7. The Advisor was partly engaged in designing andsupporting the organisation of the climate change workshoporganised by NEFEJ in collaboration with MoEST whichfocussed on sharing of climate change stories from NCCSP areasand central level efforts. The Advisor participated in the 3rd

Meeting of the Technical Committee on Low CarbonDevelopment Strategy on 5 October 2012 and provided inputs,inter alia, on thematic areas and coordination modalities.

8. The Advisor will prepare a short report on DohaClimate Change Conference shortly and wishes to share withNEFEJ and DFID. The above activities were accomplished andnecessary documents were prepared as per demand andrequirements of the MoEST. The Advisor has not mentionedundocumented consultative services provided to MoEST instreamlining MI and NCCSP activities during this period.

National Workshop onReporting Climate ChangeNovember 22-23, 2012

Day 1: November 22, 2012

Opening SessionWelcome Remarks by Laxman Upreti, Workshop Coordinator and FormerPresident, NEFEJ

Laxman Upreti gave welcome remarks with the briefintroduction of the workshop and its objectives. The dignitarieswere called on the dais.

Remarks by Dominic O' Neil, Head, DFID, NepalNational Workshop on reporting climate change started

with the opening remarks of Dominic O'Neil, Head of DFIDin Nepal. In his remarks, he stated that local communities arevery much experiencing the impacts of climate change. Thereare three areas where journalists can support which are - reportingto the world and making sure that people understand; reportingto help national policy makers to prioritize climate change forpeaceful development; and help local people to understand theimpact and articulate to the outside world. He stressed that it isimportant to hold everyone accountable including thegovernment, international bodies and agencies like DFID, ADB,World Bank and the European Union. He also requestedjournalists to audit the programmes that DFID has beenimplementing, not just the programmes on climate change but

also on other fields. It is very important that journalists shouldreport based on the evidence as stated. He ended his remarkssaying, "We would do whatever we can to support what you do."

Remarks by Shiva Gaunle, President, Federation of Nepalese Journalists(FNJ)

In his remarks, Shiva Gaule stressed that journalists shouldbe expert in particular field saying, "We should not be generalists".Journalists should clearly exemplify the relation of climate changewith livelihood and the news should be presented in a way that itdraws public interest. Quoting the remarks of Dominic O�’ Neil,he said that the reporters should report to make the policies onclimate change pro-public. He said that the journalists shouldpresent the news in a way that everyone understands citing therole of media to inform, inspire and make the public aware. Healso mentioned that FNJ has been organising trainingprogrammes across the country for the capacity building ofjournalists which includes the aspects of climate change as well.

Video Screening: Revisiting Seti FloodThere was a video screening on Revisiting Seti Flood. The

video highlighted the Seti flood and its effects.Remarks by Dipendra Bahadur Kshetry, Vice-Chairperson, NationalPlanning Commission (NPC)

Dipendra Bahadur Kshetry said that subject of climatechange was not discussed much earlier but in present contextthis has been an important issue. Industrialized nations are obligedto take the responsibility of carbon release due to their industrialactivities. Developing nations are facing the impacts of climatechange. He said that to some extent climate change is the causeof natural disasters. He shared that there has been melting ofthe snow in mountains due to increase in temperature. Similarly,he shared that there has been changes in crop growing pattern.He further stated that climate code has been introduced in budgetallocation but this could not be implemented as full budget couldnot be released. He said that there is special role of journalistsincluding those from outside the Kathmandu Valley. It is veryimportant that journalists are aware themselves so as to makethe public aware. He also said if the journalists working in thesector of climate change continue to work with dedication, thiscan help in taking precautions at the initial stage.

Keynote remarks by Dr. Keshav Man Shakya, Minister for Environment,Science and Technology

Minister Keshav Man Shakya shared that government hasformed a core negotiating body for COP+18 to be held in Doha.The two major issues of discussion will be the carbon emissionreduction and temperature rise. He also shared how theautomobile companies were against the introduction of the policyon use of Euro III standard vehicles and ban on Euro I andEuro II standard vehicles to reduce the carbon emissions fromvehicles. He said in COP+18, Nepal can negotiate on the issuesof the Least Developed Countries (LDC). He also shared thatin many cases, Nepal has been able to develop strategies forfund management. He also lauded the efforts on taking initiativeslike Kathmandu Call for Action and the Mountain Initiative.

Chairperson�’s Remarks: Prakash Rimal, Vice President, NEFEJPrakash Rimal stated that it is very important to conduct

research to know about the effects and impacts of climate change.He stressed that it is important to raise awareness and sensitizethe policy makers on this issue. The national and internationalcommunities should unite to take steps to mitigate the local,regional, national and international effects of climate change.He believed that the presentation made by journalists in theworkshop will provide inputs for COP 18.

Technical Session IUnderstanding Climate ChangeChairperson: Krishna Gyawali, Secretary, Ministry of Industry andFormer Secretary, MoESTCommentator: Dr. Dinesh Chandra Devkota, Former ViceChairperson, National Planning Commission

Report Presentation: Understanding Climate Change by Ramesh PrasadBhushal, Journalist, Republica

The presentation on understanding climate change wasbased on the stories from conversation with random people atdifferent places of Nepal. Ramesh Prasad Bhushal shared thatthe focus of the stories were to know if people are informed ofclimate change, to know if the state and non-state agencies havebeen able to reach the unreachable groups and to know if therehave been serious debates on changing climate at local level.Based on his conversation with different groups of people,Bhushal shared that people do not have idea about climate changeand the agencies working in this sector. He found that largenumber of people is unaware about the happenings at nationaland international level despite huge amount of money beinginvested in awareness and advocacy in the sector of climate

Glacial lakes ChhoRolpa, Thulagi,

Barun, Imja,Gangapurna are in

danger wherethere are mega

and micro hydroprojects and

human settlement.

change. On the other hand, since climate change hascomparatively received more funds, the expression of views isdonor based and no one wants to speak over non-controversialissues. He also stated that Nepal is receiving about USD 650million from ODA of which more than 60 percent is beinginvested in advocacy and awareness. It is important to focus onthe institutionalization of awareness programmes. Many networksworking in this sector lack coordination among themselves. Inconclusion, he stated that people are willing to know why climatechanges are occurring and majority of them are unaware ofvarious initiatives of government and other organisations. So hestressed that information mechanism should be strong.

Report Presentation: Glacial Lakes in Nepal-Danger in the making byShyam Bhatta, Journalist, Nagarik

This presentation was based on the situation of glacial lakesin Nepal. According to ICIMOD, there are 2323 glacial lakesabove 3500 metres in Nepal. About 30 percent of world�’s glaciallakes are in Nepal. Glacial lakes Chho Rolpa, Thulagi, Barun,Imja, Gangapurna are in danger where there are mega and microhydro projects and human settlement. There are high chancesof outburst of the glacial lakes leading to huge disaster asmentioned by Shyam Bhatta in his presentation. He further sharedthat the stations of Department of Hydrology and Meteorologythat have been assigned the responsibility of study of Himalayanregion are not in proper working condition as they lack expertsand scientists. He stressed that there should be early warningsystems at risk sites and the government should work on this asNepal is a Himalayan country. In conclusion, he said that theissue of glacial lakes should be taken as global agenda.

Commentator�’s RemarksSession commentator Dr. Devkota agreed upon the point

that there has not been information dissemination to the targetgroups as stated by Ramesh Bhushal. He suggested that somemeasures for remedy should also have been included in the report.On the other hand, he also agreed upon the Shyam Bhatta�’spresentation on the issue of glacial lakes and said that such agendashould be taken into international forum. He said that modelingof climatology should be done mainly in two aspects-one fromthe perspective of academicians and the other from theperspective of policy makers. He also focused on the need ofcommunity based knowledge. He stressed on the need forspecialized reporting in journalism and coordination amongjournalists working in this field. The programmes and policiesof the government like Climate Change Council, Climate ChangePolicy, NAPA, LAPA, Trans Boundary Unit and others shouldput their efforts in an integrated manner to make them moreeffective.

Discussions/CommentsParticipants expressed their concerns over the climate

change issues during the discussion session. While Ajay Dixitstressed on the need for effective role of media in disseminatinginformation on climate change issues, Binod Gautam of theMoEST said media plays a key role in informing the people.

Chairperson�’s RemarksChairperson for technical session I, Krishna Gyawali said

that the knowledge generated at academic and policy level shouldbe disseminated at the community level. He also said that climate

change is an ever evolving and dynamic issue and we should berealistic while suggesting measures. We should also think howthe international treaties and policies can be best implementedat the national level. He stressed that at best and at most, weshould agree on science and policy should be formed based onscience keeping in mind the benefits to the people. So thereshould be smooth interface between policy, people and science.Media on the other hand should be well attached to science andpolicy and disseminate information to people. Without collectivecapacity building, there cannot be sustainable development.

Technical Session IIClimate Change and LivelihoodChairperson: Ganesh Raj Joshi, Secretary, Commission forInvestigation of Abuse of Authority (CIAA) and FormerSecretary, Ministry of AgricultureCommentator: Dr. Madhav Karki, Deputy Director General,ICIMOD

Report Presentation: Impact ofClimate Change on PulsesFarming in Bajura byNimendra Shahi, Journalist,Bajura

Nimendra Shahishared through his reportpresentation that pulses arenot growing well in Bajuradistrict. Poor people haveno option than using flourfor preparing soup. Thewater sources are drying upin the region. The possiblereasons behind this problemare rise in temperature,landslides, irregular and untimely rainfall. He suggested thatthere should be change in the pattern of growing crops whichshould be based on the temperature. New farming technologyand skill development among farmers can also be the solution.The government on the other hand should suggest new breedsof seed suitable to changing climate.

Report Presentation: Impact of Climate Change on Water Sources andAgriculture in Dang by Devika Gharti Magar, Journalist, Dang

Devika Gharti Magar shared that there has been effects ofclimate change in agriculture as water sources are drying up dueto rise in temperature. She also shared that locals in Dang haveexperienced the change in climate and its effect on agriculturalproduction. Based on her field observation, she found thatproductivity of maize, wheat, grams have decreased. She statedthat there should be efforts for the conservation of water sources.

Report Presentation: Impact of Climate Change on Apple Farming inDailekh by Prakash Adhikari, Journalist, Dailekh

Prakash Adhikari shared that mid hills and mountain regionare most affected by the temperature rise due to climate change.His presentation was based on the field observation in Seri VDC,Dailekh. The apples are drying and there is no suitable conditionfor apple farming. The farmers have started the commercialfarming of vegetables but are worried if this would be sustainable.He suggested that District Agriculture Development Office

should make maximum efforts for climate change adaptation.

Commentator�’s Remarks:Dr. Madhav Karki quoted the efforts of journalists from

outside the Valley as inspiring. He said that it is very importantto mitigate the effects of climate change and the media shouldplay active role for this. He said that livelihood diversification isthe best strategy for climate change adaptation. Climate changehas induced various risk factors and there should be efforts andpreparation for dealing with such risks. Karki also said that thescience based facts should be downscaled so that they are easilyunderstandable at the community level.

Discussions/CommentsBasundhara Bhattarai said that the communities might not

be aware about the term �‘climate change�’ but this does not meanthat they have not understood climate change and UpendraPhuyal said the crop and seed varieties should be suggested basedon the change in climate. Nepal Agricultural Research Councilbeing the apex body working in agriculture should focus on this.Krishna Prasad Barakoti said that the concept of agro-forestrycan be adopted to meet the challenges.

Chairperson�’s Remarks:Chairperson Dr. Ganesh said that there might be different

reasons behind the several problems that have been raised andthere should be proper study on this aspect. He said that bestsurvival strategy is adaptation to change and then go for resilience.He also suggested to set up a seed bank.

Day 2: November 23, 2012

Video Screening: The Mountain InitiativeA short video on the Mountain Initiative was screened

before the commencement of the programme.

Technical Session IIIWomen and Climate ChangeChairperson: Dr. Arzoo Rana Deuba, Regional Councilor, IUCNCommentator: Dr. Tirtha Bahadur Shrestha, Bio-diversity Expert

Report Presentation: Disaster Management in Kailali by Pragati Shahi,Journalist, The Kathmandu Post

In her presentation, Pragati highlighted the scenario ofclimate-induced disasters in Kailali and women�’s role in disasterrisk reductions. The frequency of climate-induced disasters hasincreased in Kailali. A total of 15 VDCs in Kailali are at risk ofdisasters and there are 210,000 vulnerable people which includes103,725 women as stated by her. The poor drainage system andhigh water seepage on the surface are the reasons behind flooding.She shared that Srijana Disaster Preparedness Network has beenformed at community level to deal with disaster management.This network is led by Kamlaharis (bonded labours) andcomprises 11 members, including eight women. Under thisnetwork, three teams have been formed for early warning, searchand rescue, and first aid. She recommended that the governmentpolicies including NAPA and LAPA should recognise theimportance of coordinating climate change adaptation plans withdisaster risk reductions at community level. She also shared thatthe women in Kailali are working based on the traditional

knowledge which can be presented at international level as well.She said that the failure to endorse disaster management act hasaffected the process of mainstreaming community based disasterrisk reduction activities in policy making process. On the otherhand there is no fixed budget for disaster management. It isvery important to complement the efforts of local communitiesby creating awareness and capacitating them with betterknowledge to mitigate and response to disaster. Further, womentaking leadership role in community needs to be strengthenedfurther.

Report Presentation: Impact of Climate Change on Women by PratimaPariyar, Journalist, Surkhet

Pratima Pariyar shared that women are taking a lead role inagriculture. The decline in productivity has affected women. Dueto untimely rainfall, the region faces drought leading to problemsin drinking water and decrease in agricultural productivity.Women have started to take up the lead role in agriculture inSurkhet.

Report Presentation: Off Season Flooding in Kailali by Ganesh Chaudhari,Kailali

Ganesh Chaudhari said that there has been off seasonflooding in Kailali. Earlier there used be flooding in the monthof July/August but now it�’s during September/October. Thishas affected the agriculture and livelihoods of people in theregion. Forest encroachment has also increased as the lands ofpeople have been washed by flood. Many people have evenmigrated to India. As the adaptation measure, locals have startedto build tall houses and grow varieties that can grow in sand likegourd, melon, sugarcane.

Commentator�’s RemarksCommentator Dr. Tirtha Bahadur Shrestha well appreciated

the report presentations. He suggested that there should beproper study on the adaptability practices and capabilities ofNepali people so as to combat the effects of climate change.The local knowledge and skills are also helpful and this has beenwell presented, Dr. Shrestha stated.

Discussions/CommentsDeepak Rijal stressed on the need to simplify

communication as language has been barrier to communication.More elaborative research can be done for better reporting onthis issue, he said. Arjun Dhakal said there can be initiations andefforts to make the housing resilient to floods while KeshavSharma, giving an example of Bangladesh, said that one floorof the house can be separated for flood to remain safe duringflood. The expenses on embankment can be used for suchpurpose.

Chairperson�’s RemarksChairperson Dr. Arzoo Rana Deuba appreciated the

inclusion of gender in climate change issues. She requested thejournalists to report how the programmes like NAPA and LAPAwill be implemented. The roles of women are increasing and itis important to study if policies are being developed toincorporate increasing role of women. She also said that Churearea protection is very essential for Kailali preservation. Shealso shared the need of implementation of Payment forEnvironmental Services (PES). She suggested that civil societies

should also raise the voice.Technical Session IVImpact of Climate ChangeChairperson: Rajendra Dahal, JournalistCommentator : Ajay Mani Dixit, Executive Director, ISET-Nepal

Report Presentation: Revisiting Seti Flash Flood by Abdullah Miya,Journalist, Kantipur Daily

The report presentation was on the Seti flood that occurredon May 5, 2012. There were several human casualties due toflood, water supply was affected and there was bridge destruction.Miya stated that experts are also not sure that the reason behindthe flood is climate change. The incidence has been reported indifferent ways in the news. Miya suggests the setting up of earlywarning systems to reduce the risks and loss of property andlives.

Report Presentation: Impact of Climate Change on Paddy Farming inKailali by Dhurba Basnet,NEFEJ

Dhurba Basnetpresented the video reporttitled "Thorai biu ra ThoraiPani-Dherai Aamdani"(Less seed and less water �–More income) to show theimpact of climate changeon paddy farming in Kailaliand efforts of locals toadapt to the change. TheSRI technology for paddyplantation has been shownin the video.

Commentator�’s RemarksAjay Dixit said that farmers are smart and they have

knowledge on reducing the effects of climate change. It isnecessary to replicate the best practices of one area to anotherarea. Similarly, there should be coordination and collaborationbetween innovators, promoters and farmers. The adaptation basedon experience can be taken for discourse. The early warningsystem should be developed to minimize the risks of disasters.

Comments from Mohan Man Sainju (Former vice chairperson, NationalPlanning Commission)

It is very important to understand the effects of climatechange and its effects on local communities and developmentactivities. He urged that journalists should well understand thecause and effects of climate change for effective reporting asreporting guides the policy formulation. More focus should begiven on suggesting preventive measures. He commented thatthe report presentations missed the accountability part.

Discussions/CommentsK.P. Barakoti said that there should be further study and

research, as use of technology differs from one place to another.Bhola Man Singh Basnet said the communication and budgetpart in project is very important for the effective implementation.In climate sector too, this should be focused.

It is very important tocomplement the effortsof local communities

by creating awarenessand capacitating themwith better knowledge

to mitigate andresponse to disaster.

Chairperson�’s RemarksChairperson Rajendra Dahal said that journalists should be

self expressive. Journalists should use their observation capacitytoo while reporting and express their views and not just presentthe data. Dahal said that the stories presented by the journalistsshould be catchy, informative and useful.

Closing SessionClosing Remarks by Krishna Prasad Sigdyal, Founder President, NEFEJ

Krishna Prasad Sigdyal shared his happiness to witness theparticipation of journalists from far and mid western region. Hesaid that the issues of discussion on climate issues can be moresimplified so that locals can easily understand.

Learnings from the workshop: Pratima Pariyar, JournalistPratima Pariyar shared that the workshop has been fruitful

to help her in climate change reporting. She said that she hasdeveloped the confidence to report on climate change issuesand vowed to continue to engage on the subject.

Closing Remarks by Chief Guest Keshav Bhattarai, Secretary, MoESTKeshav Bhattarai assured for the continuation of

collaboration with NEFEJ in coming days as well to work in thesector of public awareness on climate change and environment.He stressed on the need to take immediate actions for reductionand adaptation issues. He praised the efforts of journalists toreport on various issues of climate change and suggested thatthey need to work more to develop expertise in this field.

Chairperson�’s Remarks: Tirtha Koirala, President, NEFEJTirtha Koirala gave vote of thanks to the MoEST and DFID,

which provided financial assistance, for their support in makingthe project successful. He shared his view on the adaptationmeasures for the effects of climate change should be prioritized.He also assured for the continuation of advocacy efforts fromNEFEJ. He said that it is necessary to compete in this competitiveworld not only nationally but globally as well.

In-depth stories

Climate Change?Most Nepalis are unaware of it!

By Ramesh Prasad Bhushal

Thousands of people gather every year at UN climate negotiation forums and discuss how to tackle climatechange �– one of the most pressing issues of the 21st century, according to scientists and leaders. It�’s not a newstory, as people have been debating on the issue for the last two decades globally but failed to reach a consensuson how to move forward to tackle the problem by reducing the emission of carbon dioxide gas�—a majorculprit for global warming.

most people in thecountry were foundtotally uninformed

about what�’shappening at the

global and nationallevel on climate

change talks.

The science of climate change says that due to the massivedevelopmental works by the developed countries in the past onecentury, the emission of greenhouse gases�—the gas that helpsto increase the surface temperature of the earth �– increased,resulting in an unusual increase of the Earth�’s temperature,threatening the only habitable planet. The change in temperaturechanges weather patterns, rainfall patterns resulting into negativeeffects to agriculture and many other sectors.

But those who are at the forefronts of climate change andwould be affected most are unaware of what�’s happening at globaland national level and the science of climatechange. More than 100 people whom Iinterviewed while traveling in many parts ofthe country said they haven�’t heard the wordin their entire life. Those interviewed rangedfrom pedestrians to porters and farmers todrivers. Not only that they don�’t know aboutclimate change, almost all said they don�’t knowwhether there is Ministry of Environment inthe country or not.

The Ministry of Environment, Scienceand Technology is the focal ministry to dealon climate change, especially at internationalforums and national policy level. There is theClimate Change Council headed by the PrimeMinister, a separate division at the Environment Ministry to lookover the issues and dozens of million-dollar projects alreadycompleted and more in the pipeline. There is no donor agencywhich may not have worked on climate change and hundreds ofNGOs working on it. But with that influx of money on advocacyand awareness in the last one decade, the information has notreached to those who are really in the need.

Nepal has been categorized as the 4th most vulnerablecountry in the world due to climate change, glacier melt inunusually rapid in recent years, and rainfall pattern is said to bechanging. However, most people in the country were found totallyuninformed about what�’s happening at the global and nationallevel on climate change talks despite the large amounts of moneyspent by national and international agencies, including NepalGovernment.

One cold November morning at the foothills of ShivapuriNational Park on the outskirts of the Kathmandu Valley, KanchhiTamang of Arkhauli Village in Nuwakot District was worriedabout some tablets of cetamol she needed for her daughter.

Forget about climate change and government initiatives, shedoesn�’t even know that her government provides some essentialdrugs free of cost in the health post.

Nor does Nawaraj Adhikari of Jhor Village in the outskirtsof Kathmandu Valley know what the government is doing orwhere international negotiations are heading to. Even people atthe outskirts of the capital are unaware of one of the mostdebated and challenging problems of this century�—climatechange.

"I don�’t know any activities of anybody, including thegovernment, but there has been massive changein weather pattern, and the availability of wateris declining," said Tamang who instead askedthis reporter where she can get a few tablets ofcetamol as her daughter is suffering from fever.

For experts, there are too many documentsto read, for government agencies and other civilsociety organizations, there are lots of issuesto be raised at international forums, forinternational community there are lots ofeconomic and political agenda on climatechange. But for the people who are mostvulnerable to changing climate, it is one of themany unheard or untold stories.

Nawaraj Adhikari works as a guard of theNational Park in Shivapuri. He was a professional hunter for theroyal family before monarchy was abolished in the country.

"My entire life remained very close to forests. What I feelis there has been significant changes in weather and the winterdays are hotter than those we felt a few decades ago and summersare getting much hotter," said he. But he doesn�’t know why it�’shappening. There were others in the village who also feel thesame.

Murari Lamichhane owns a motorbike workshop in JhorVillage and he also feels the same. "Our parents used to say thatthey had to sell oxen and buy blankets even during summer. Butnow children play in T-shirts in September and October," addedLamichhane.

From the capital city, let�’s move to Sindhupalchowk, only afew hours�’ drive from Kathmandu. In Melamchi, some farmers/porters were found carrying milk to the dairy. Totally soaked insweat, they were on a short rest in the morning while heading toMelamchi Bazaar.

Dip Bahadur Thapa and Jit Bahadur Thapa are farmers

from Jyamire Village in Sindhupalchowk. They collect milk fromthe villagers and carry it to Melamchi Bazaar everyday for whichthey earn Rs 200 per day.

"We don�’t know anything about climate change initiatives,nor have we been informed through any means from thegovernment or other organizations," both said. "There�’s beenhuge change in the weather system and we can feel that. But wedon�’t know why it�’s happening. May be god is angry and he wantsthis earth to be collapsed," Jit Bahadur said in a fading voice.

For the last two decades, the world is discussing carbondioxide which is the major responsible gas for global warming.Scientists have confirmed and advised governments globally toreduce the emission of carbon dioxide as soon as possible tosave the planet. But Melamchi folks are predicting it as god�’swork.

Moving northward from Melamchi to Nepal China borderin Tatopani Bazaar, Sonam Sherpa is much worried about thehassles created by the border police both in Nepal and Chinarather than climate change. Scientists have been reiterating thatmountains with icecaps would soon turn into rocks if thetemperature increases at the same trend. But the folks at thefoothills are rather worried about the business.

"What is climate change? I don�’t know anything," Sherpasaid. Himalayan glaciers are the mostly debated issue globally bythe media and scientists. But those at the foothills, the mountainpeople are totally unaware of what the global community istalking about their landscapes.

From the Nepal-China border, moving downhill to the plainsof the southern parts of Nepal bordering with India, thecondition is the same. In Chitwan District that also borders withIndia, there is high flow of tourists at the entrance of the Chitwan

National Park in Sauraha�—one of the major touristic hubs inthe country.

Hiralal Chaudhary has a cart and looks a bit happy as thetourist season has just started. "Maybe I can earn a bit more andfeed my family," said Chaudhary.

During the five-kilometer drive on his cart, I asked himmany questions regarding climate change, government programs,and international negotiations and about the money the countryhas been receiving in the name of climate change. But he saidhe didn�’t know anything as it wasn�’t his concern. "No one hastold me anything about it. And why should I care?" he said.

Some US$700 million has been received by Nepal fromdonor agencies on climate change in the last one decade andmost of the projects were focused on awareness and advocacy.

As per the report, "Future of Climate Finance in Nepal,"more than 50% of the total money invested in climate changewas spent on awareness and advocacy but the real victims �–thepoorest in the country �– are fully unaware of the money spent,or the programs launched in their names.

If you look into it, the government has already prepared adocument called National Adaptation Programme of Action(NAPA) and endorsed by the Cabinet two years ago. Climatechange policy has already been approved by the government.Many other documents have been prepared for each project butpeople who should have received money to fight against climatechange have not even received information that could help themplan to adapt in changing climate.

Republica �– November 9 2012

(The writer is the Social Bureau coordinator at Republica)

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Gfful/s �– 3 November

Glacial lakes: Danger in the making

By Shyam Bhatta/ Nagarik

The flash flood on Seti River on May 5 this yearcaused a massive damage. While 40 people were founddead, 32 are still in the missing list. Though manybelieved the unseasonal flash flood is caused due toclimate change, scientists are yet to identify the actualproblem. This is just a tip of an iceberg, writes ShyamBhatta whose story on possible threats posed bygrowing glacial lakes in different parts of Nepal�’smountains was published in Nagarik, a leading Nepalidaily.

With 2,323 glacial lakes situated in Nepal, thecountry could face serious consequences in the nearfuture. But the government is ill-prepared, as nomeasures have been taken to meet the possible outcomeof the danger. Giving examples of few major glaciallakes, Bhatta raises the issue of how the governmentdepartment responsible for working on the subject hashardly done any homework and goes on to add thatthe department even does not have a glacial lakesspecialist since 2002 as many of these specialists arebusy working for various I/NGOs.( Synopsis)

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By Nimendra Shahi/ Bajura

Changing climatic conditions have caused severe impacton the production of different kinds of lentils in Bajuradistrict in mid-west Nepal, forcing people to depend onfeeding themselves on flour porridges, writes NimendraShahi, a journalist in Bajura. Unseasonal flooding hashad negative impact on the local crops.

Recalling an incident two years ago when flash floodsswept away six people in a village, Shahi writes that oldlentils have now been replaced by new breeds to copewith the changing climate patterns. He quotes localfarmers as suggesting that the concerned governmentdepartments should focus on making them aware aboutnew alternative crops to meet the growing food demand.The people there are facing severe food crisis due toinsufficient production that has been impacted bychanges in regular rain patterns, writes Shahi.( Synopsis)

Lack of lentils force peopleto have flour meal

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t/sf/Ldf klg b]lvof]:yfgLon] :ofpsf] kmn gkfPklg t/sf/Laf6 eg] /fd|f] k|ult ub}{

cfPsf 5g\ . ;'v]{t�–b}n]v ;8s sfnf]kq] ePkl5 oxf"af6 dWoklZrdsf];b/d'sfd ;'v]{t Ps 306fd} k'luG5 . t/sf/L v]tLaf6} ;'v]{t pkTosfdf3/38]/L hf]8\g]sf] ;+Vof a9\bf] 5 . 3/sf 5fgf v/sf] ;§f h:tfn] 5fPsf5g\ . t/sf/Ln] g} hUufsf] efp a9fOlbPsf] 5 . t/, df};ddf cfPsf] km]/abnn]d'Vo cfo;|f]t tfhf t/sf/Ldf k|ToIf c;/ k'Ug yfn]sfdf s[ifsx? lrlGtt5g\ . ljleGg /f]usL/fsf sf/0f t/sf/Lsf] pTkfbsTj jif]{gL 36\bf] cj:yfdf5 . kl5Nnf jif{x?df 89'jf /f]u Hofbf b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 .

89'jfs} sf/0f jif]{gL sDtLdf Ps xhf/ lSjG6n t/sf/L v]/ hfg]u/]sf] ls;fgsf] bfaL 5 . t/sf/Lsf] kft /ftf] x'g' / uNb} hfg' o;sf] nIf0fxf] . df6f]df ;'Vvfkgf a9\g', o'l/ofh:tf /f;folgs dnsf] k|of]un] clDnokga9fPsf sf/0f 89'jf nfUg] u/]sf] xf] . u'/f;] /fgLdQf If]qdf ;a}eGbf a9Ll;rfO{ / vfg]kfgLsf] ;d:of 5 . & ;o ld6/ tnaf6 ljB'tLo df]6/sf];xfotfn] vfg]kfgL tflgPsf] 5 . u'/fF;]ahf/sf] a9\bf] hg3gTjn] ubf{vfg]kfgLsf] ;d]t xfxfsf/ 5 . s[lif k|fljlwsx? tfkqmd j[l4sf] c;/n]t/sf/Ldf k|sf]k;/x km}lnPsf] atfpFb} eG5g\, �…l;+rfO{ gx'Fbf df6f] ;'Vvf x'guO{ 89'jf /f]u nfu]sf] xf] .Ú sDkf]i6 dnsf] k|of]u / afnLrqm k4lt ckgfpg;s] 89'jfsf] ;d:ofdf sdL cfpg] k|fljlwssf] ;'emfj 5 .

hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] :ofpdf c;/ k'u]kl5 ljsNksf ?kdf t/sf/Lv]tL /f]Hg' /fd|f] kIf ePsf] lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nosf k|d'v ;"o{gfy of]uLatfpF5g\ . hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's'n v]tLafnL ug'{ g} ;a}eGbf pko'Qm k|of;xf] . cfFk, lnrL, s]/f gx'g] :yfgdf logsf] v]tL a9\g yfn]sf] 5 . hnjfo'

kl/jt{gsf ;sf/fTds÷gsf/fTds c;/af/] ls;fgnfO{ r]tgf lbg]afx]sGo'lgs/0fsf lqmofsnfk s]xL gePsf] s[lif sfof{nosf] egfO{ 5 .

df};d / jiff{sf] k|fs[lts rqmdf kl/jt{g x'Fbf s[lif If]qdf ;a}eGbf a9Lgsf/fTds c;/ kb}{ uPsf] 5 . h'g s[lifk|wfg b]zsf nflu 7"nf] r'gf}tL xf] .Psflt/ hnjfo'df cfPsf] kl/jt{gn] ;DalGwt lgsfosf nflu afnLsf] cg';Gwfg/ :yfg l;kmfl/;df ;d]t k|Zg t];f{OlbPsf] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf]] ;a}eGbfa9L c;/ s[lif If]qdf k/]sfn] ;/sf/n] o; ;DaGwL /fli6«o cg's'ng gLltnfO{k|fyldstfsf ;fy nfu" ug{ cfjZos 5 .

Vegetable replaces apple farming

By Prakash Adhikari/ Dailekh

Not too long ago, people travelling through the districtof Dailekh used to stop by a village to savor the localapples as these apples were famous in nearby districts ofNepalgunj, Surkhet and Bardiya. But no more, writesPrakash Adhikari, a journalist from Dailekh. Peopletravelling these days are surprised to see that there areno more apple plantations in the area. Instead, applesimported from India have started to fulfill the demand inthe local market.

Change in climatic conditions in the area has now forcedlocal farmers to depend on vegetable farming, writesAdhikari. The locals are now dependent on plantingpotato, cauliflower, cabbage, radish etc. Though peoplein the villages know nothing about climate change, theyhave practically felt the impact of changes in climate, asthey had severe impact on the production of apple. Notonly apple farming, the changing climate has now affectedthe vegetable farming also and the production is decliningevery year. As the local government has done hardlyanything to make locals aware about changing the cropsas per the changes in climate, they now demand that thereshould be proper adaptation measures, Adhikari furtherwrites.( Synopsis)

89'jfn] ;8\g yfn]sf] aGbf -dfly_:yfgLo s[ifs bLks kf}8]n kmfFl8Psf] :ofp au}+Rff b]vfpFb}-tn_

Tharu and the team represent �‘Srijana Disaster PreparednessNetwork�’, a local network of women volunteers formed to dealwith the flood related disasters in the village, which is frequentlythreatened by seasonal flooding annually.

Similarly, Khushi Ram Chaudhary, 46, a local resident ofDhansinghpur VDC has been actively involved in managing theriver banks from erosion and flooding resulting from the rise inwater level in one of the tributaries of Mohana River particularlyduring the monsoon season. Using the locally-available materialsand knowledge, the local villagers with the technical help fromthe concerned partners have successfully built gabion wires andbamboo spur check dams to protect the embankment from soil

erosion and excessive flooding with the rise in water level. Atthe sametime, Chaudhary�’s family along with the other villagershas been the part of the farmer-managed irrigation systems, anindigenous community-managed water systems practice adoptedin the area for decades. Under this practice, the farmers havedeveloped kulos, (diverted river canals) with own labor and expertiseto enhance irrigation facilities and strengthen the water-management system to manage flooding.

There are similarities in both the above mentioned cases.Both are the victims of the water-induced disasters like annualflooding that occurs during every rainy season and sometimesin off-seasons and have developed different approaches andresponse mechanisms to deal with these disasters on their own.

Kailali is ranked as the topmost vulnerable district to

Local community takesadaptation measures

By Pragati Shahi

It was one of those summer evenings this year. Fulmati Tharu, 34, was geared up with the home-made lifevest made up of the discarded plastic bottles to help a child drowning in the flooded Kulariya River located inPathraiya VDC in Kailali district. Being one of the members of a search and rescue team formed under thecommunity-managed disaster preparedness network, Tharu along with her team members is busy helping thevillagers who were drowning in the flooded river that surrounds their village.

disasters including floods, landslides, earthquake in terms ofhuman loss and property damages. A government database ofdisaster loss from 1971 to 2008 records the number of death at1,056. This 37-year-long history on disaster clearly depicts thatan occurrence of a disaster is not a new phenomena happeningin the district. However, in recent years, it is found that theintensity and frequency of the disaster and its related risks isincreasing. For instance, between the year 2008 and 2009, a totalof 29 people have claimed lives in the district.

The figure indicates that the weak socio-economic conditionof the people living in this district is further aggravated by thefrequent occurrence of disasters. Majorly habituated by the Tharucommunities, an indigenous community who are mostly farmersdependent on agriculture for living, the changing climatic scenariolike less rainfall or extreme rains, floods and landslides has causedsevere impacts on their livelihoods. The increasing risks of naturalhazards on various sectors and at the same time poor attentionfrom the government to work on disaster management andrelated risks, the communities living here are working on theirlocally-available and based on the traditional knowledge, skillsand information, mitigating and adaptive strategies to someextent. From biological embankment and locally-managementirrigation systems to flood prevention and management strategies,the local communities are doing somethingon their own based on their prevailedknowledge for years.

Tharus, living in the Tarai Landscapesare the people adapted in this region even atthe time of severe Malaria outbreakthroughout the region in 1950s. Unfortunately,these local efforts have neither beendocumented nor being strengthened to helpthe vulnerable communities to deal with anykind of disaster in long run. For instance, thelocals involved in disaster managementactivities at local scale think that their effortsare not capable to deal with the larger extendof the destruction any major flooding mightcause in the flood-prone areas and furtherneeds adequate technical and financial support to make themwell-prepared and resilient to minimise the risks related to anynatural disaster.

Communities are the first responders to any disaster andrequire the skills and resources to help themselves to mitigate,prepare and respond to it, says Robert Piper, the UN Residentand Humanitarian Coordinator to Nepal while talking oncommunity-based disaster risks.

During each climate change negotiations, from Copenhagento the recent Doha conference, (I would start from theCopenhagen summit in 2009, as it was from this summit that�‘climate change�’ negotiations took a major turn at the nationallevel in terms of presence and advocacy), our delegates havebeen consistently talking about impacts of global warming andclimate change on mountains and its people. During thenegotiations the stand is quite familiar--- raise the issue ofvulnerability and the access to funds to mitigate and adapt toclimate change impacts and the plights of mountains to the globalleaders.

From Summiteers�’ Summit in Everest Base Camp toSummiteers�’ march in Copenhagen in 2009, the delegates havetried to raise their concerns of melting mountains due to thechanging climate. Unfortunately so far, the plights of the

Himalayas have not garnered adequate attentions during theclimate negotiation process as much as it should be consideredgiven the efforts. So, besides echoing the rhetoric agendas during

the negotiations and failing to come in �‘focus�’as other developing and vulnerable countrieslike Bangladesh, Maldives and Tuvalu amongothers, it is time to sell the strengths that acountry and its people posses to deal with thenegative impacts of climate changes and helpin building climate resilient communities.Bangladesh, despite being one of the mostvulnerable to natural hazards including floodingand drought is exceptionally doing well inhelping the communities to deal with disasters.The locally available innovative techniques likeconstruction of floating houses in coastal areasto deal with floods are highly acknowledgedduring the negotiations and has helped thecountry to be in �‘limelight�’ during all climate-

related negotiations across the globe. It is not only crying forhelping hands for help to deal with disasters and its aftermath, itis time the Nepal to have a bargaining strength to raise the issuemore strongly among the developed and donor countries.

In this context, at home few interventions to bring the voicesof vulnerable communities who are being impacted due toclimate change and other related climate-induced hazards havebeen undertaken by government, non-government organisationsand donors in recent times. The Nepal Climate Change supportprogramme being implemented by the Ministry of Environmentin support from DfiD is designed to ensure that the poorest andmost vulnerable communities in Nepal are able to adapt to theeffects of climate change. At the same time, Nepal has beenselected to lead the group of Least Developed Countries (LDCs)for next two years (2012-2014) during this year�’s United Nation�’sclimate conference held in Doha, Qatar from November 25-December 8. This is a big opportunity for the country to highlightthe country�’s plights as well the innovations that are beingundertaken at local-level to deal with the impacts of climatechange. Hope, by 2014, Nepal stands in the race of the countrieswhich are on �‘limelight�’ during the global negotiations on climatechange and makes its plight heard among the global community.

communities livinghere are working on

their locally-available and based

on the traditionalknowledge, skillsand information ,

mitigating andadaptive strategies

to some extent.

(The Kathmandu Post)

s]xL ;dosf] kvf{Okl5 u+uL;+Fu s'/fsfgL ub}{hfFbf yfxf eof], pgsf]ljjztf . cfnLsf] l8ndf a;]/ nf]6fsf] kfgL 3636 lkpFb} pgn] ;'gfOg\ �–æo; jif{ pTkfbg /fd|f] ePg . clxn] :ofxf/]sf] wfgn] t tLg dlxgf klg vfgk'Ub}g . To;}n] ca t/sf/L v]tL u5'{ eg]/ sl:;PsL xF' . clxn] aRrfx?sf]:s'n labf klg 5 . cln cln 3/sf] sfd ul/xfN5g\ . pgLx?sf] labfsf] df}sf5f]k]/ af/L hf]Tg yfn]sL x'F . pgLx?sf] labf;Dd hf]tL;s]kl5 ;lhnf] xf]nf .Æ

jif]{gL pTkfbg 36\b} uPsf] 5 . v]tLkftLsf] e/ k/]/ afFRg ufx|f] 5 . aif{e/L b'Mv u¥of] kmn s]xL gkfOg], pTkfbg 36\g'sf] sf/0f yfxf gkfPsL u+uLn]v]tLkftLn] hLljsf] rnfpg g;lsg] ePkl5 nf]Ug] vf8L d'n's hfg'eof] . of]aif{ kfgL klg ;dodf k/]g . PSn}n] ;sL g;sL kd{ u/]/ v]tL nufPF . cat d csf]{ ;fn wfg gnufpg] ;'/df 5' . a? cln cln t/sf/L v]tL ug'{knf{, pgn] efjL of]hgf ;'gfOg\ . pgsf cg';f/, klxnf @) d'/L kmNg] !)s¶f hldgdf clxn] tLg d'/L klg kmn]g . wfg pld|Psf] s]xL ;dod} s]�–s]/f]u nfu]/ ;'Sg} cfF6]sf] lyof], kl5 s[lif sfof{nodf uP/ ljiffbL lnP/ 5s]{ .To;kl5 cln /fd|f] eof] . pTkfbg /fd|} xf]nf eg]sf] t w'?Ss} ?jfof] . pTkfbgdfsd x'g yfn]sf] tLg aif{ eof] . klxnf klxnf pTkfbg /fd}| lyof] . olxv]tLkftLaf6 vfg nfpg k'u]s} lyof] �– u+uf jnLn] elgg\ .

s]xL jif{ klxn] pTkfbg ePsf] wfg aif{ e/L vfP/ ar]sf] s]xL a]lRyg\pgn] . t/, clxn] t b'O{ dlxgf klg vfg k'Ub}g . ;ls g;ls cfkm} xnf] hf]t]/v]tL nufpg'k5{, cflv/df k'/k'/f]df xft /fv]/ a:g' afx]s c? pkfo 5}g �–pgL elG5g\ . wfg v]tL ug]{ ;dodf kfgL gkg]{f / v]tL u/]kl5 cTolws aiff{/ 8'afgsf] ;d:ofn] laut s]xL aif{b]lv lem+ugLsf clwsfz+ ls;fgx?nfO{/ft lbg ;tfO/x]sf] 5 .

u+uL t Ps pbfx/0f dfq x'g\ . lemugLsf ;a} dlxnfnfO{ xnf] hf]t]/v]tLkftL ug'{kg]{ afWotf 5 . ufpFsf k'?ifx? k};f sdfpg ljb]lzPkl5 oxfFsfdlxnfsf] sfFwdf v]tLkftLsf] lhDd]jf/L cfPsf] xf] .

aif]{gL v]tLkftLdf cfPsf] x|f; / ufpFdf cGo cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]t gePkl5k'?ifx? lab]lzPsf x'g\ .

lemugL ufFpsf ljjflxt dlxnfx?n] dfq} xf]Og, cljjflxt o'jtLx?n]klg xnf] hf]T5g\ . �…xnf] hf]Tg ghfg] ljx] g} gx'g] cj:yf 5, s]6fx? ljx] ubf{v]tLkftL ;DxfNg ;Sg]vfnsf] 5 ls 5}g eg]/ x]g]{ u5{g\Ú :yfgLo o'jtL /Ltf

xnf] hf]Tb} dlxnf

;f]dOn] elG5g\ . ufpFdf sfd ug{ ;Sg] pd]/sf k'?ifx? gkfOg] ePsfn]dhb'/ nufP/ sfd u/fpg ;Sg] ca:yf 5}g . ;a}sf] 3/df p:t} xf] sfdbf/vf]Hg sxfF hfg' < hlt pAhgL eP klg v]tLkftL t ug}{k¥of] . xnf] hf]Tgg;Sg] dlxnfsf] hUuf t afFem} /xG5Ú pdf jnLn] elG5g\ . xnf] hf]Tg] b]lvlnP/ ;a} v]tLkftLsf] cGo sfddf ;fy} 3/sf] sfdsf] lhDdf klg dlxnfn] g}ug'{ kg]{ ePsfn] pgLx?sf] :jf:Yodf gsf/fTds c;/ k/]sf]] 5 .

ufpFsf k'?ifx? b'O{÷rf/ aif{df Psk6s rf8jf8sf] cj;/ kf/]/ dfq}3/df cfpg] u5{g\ h:n]ubf{ dlxnfnfO{ la/fdL kbf{, ;'Ts]/L x'Fbf / afnaRrf;fg} x'Fbf v]tLkftL ;DxfNg lgs} sl7g x'g] ub{5 . �…aRrfnfO{ 8fnL jf 8f]sfdf/fv]/ v]tsf] Ps 5]pdf /fV5f} clg hf]T5f},Ú �— vlu;/f /f]sfn] b'Mv];f] kf]lvg\ .xnf] hf]Tg] sfd k'?ifs} dfq xf] eGg] ;+:sf/ /x] klg o; ufpFsf dlxnfn] o:tf]wf/0ffnfO{ r'gf}tL lbPsf 5g\ . æs] ug]{ >LdfgnfO{ ljb]z gk7fpg] xf] eg]v]tLkftLs} e/df afFRg ufx|f] 5 . pTkfbg 36]klg hUuf afFem} /fVg'eGbfcfkm}n] hf]tvg u/]/ ePklg v]tL nufO/x]sf 5f}Æ �— /f]sf elG5g\ . ;'?dfhf]Tg sl7g ePklg la:tf/} afgL kb}{ uPsf] ufpFsf dlxnfx?sf] cg'ej 5 .�…uf]? lgoGq0f ug{, l;of] ldnfP/ hf]Tg, aLp 5s{g cem} klg ufx|f] 5 . clnalnof uf]? k/] eg] t lx8fNg} ufx|f] x'G5 .Ú ;f]xL ufpFs} sdnf jnLsf] cg'ej5 . cfkm\gf] v]tLaf6 pAh]sf] cGgn] h]gt]g rf/ dlxgf 65{, 5f]/f5f]/Lsf]d'vdf df8 xfNgs} nflu ePklg xnf] t hf]Tg} k¥of] . tLg ;GtfgsL cfdldgf 3tL{ elG5g\ .

ljb]zaf6 bz} ltxf/ dfGg 3/ kms]{sf u+ufaxfb'/ jnLn] v]tLkftLdfkl;gf aufpg' eGbf t vf8L d'n'sd} kl;gf aufpg l7s /x]sf] atfpF5g\ .v]tLkftLsf] e/ k/]/ 3/d} a:g] xf] eg] t s] u/]/ lbg u'hfg{] xf]nf eGg] lrGtfdfq} nfU5, pgn] eg] . d klg v]tLkftL ug{ ?rfpg] dfG5] xf] t/ pJhgLn] #dlxgf vfg k'Ub}g s;/L hxfg s]6fs]6L kfNg] < pgn] yk] .

;f]xL ufpFs} ** alif{o a[4 /fdjL/ g]kfnLn] cfkm\gf 5f]/f a'xf/LnfO{ cav]tLkftL gu/ eg]/ ;'emfj lbPsf 5g\ . s] ug]{ pTkfbg x'Gg slt b'Mv u/]/v]tL nufpg] < pTkfbgdf aif]{gL x|f; cfpg yfn]kl5 To; ufpFsf sltkodlxnfn] t v]t afFem} /fv]/ yf]/} hldgdf t/sf/L v]tL ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;ufF]psf dlxnfx?n] kd{af6} v]tLkftL wflg/x]sf 5g\ .

lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, ;'v]{tsf cg';f/, o; aif{ ;'v]{tdf !)k|ltztn] wfg pTkfbgdf x|f; cfof] . pGgt hftsf] aLp k|of]u ug]{ s[ifsx?sf];+Vofdf a[l4 / /fd|f hftsf lap lahgx?sf] lasf; x'Fbf klg pTkfbgdf x|f;

k|ltdf kl/of/÷;'v]{t

;'v]{t d}gt8f�–# lemugLsL u+uL jnLn] xnf] hf]Tg yfn]sf] tLg jif{ eof] . pgsf] klt /f]huf/Lsf nflu ljb]lzPkl5 pgn] g}v]tLkftL ;Dxfn]lsl5g\ . sflQssf] dlxgfnfO{ wfg kfSg], sf6\g] clg :ofxfg]{ df};d dflgG5 . ;a} ls;fgx?? wfg sf6\g /:ofxfg{ Jo:t ePsf a]nf u+uL jnLnfO{ eg] cs]{ r6f/f] lyof] . b'wvfg] aRrf cfnLsf] l8ndf /fv]/ xnf] hf]Tb} lyOg\ pgL . 3/sf]sfd l;WofP/ v]taf/Lsf] sfd ug{ yfn]sL u+uLn] t/sf/L v]tL ug{sf] nflu v]t hf]Tb} /lxl5g\ . g]kfndf dlxnfn] xnf] hf]Tg' x'GgeGg] rng /lxcfPsf]5 .

cfpg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f df};ddf cfPsf] kl/jt{gn] g} xf] . of] aif{ ;dodf kfgLk/]g . cToflws v8]/Lsf sf/0f wfg pTkfbgdf x|f; cfof] �— al/i7 s[lifljsf; clws[t ljho s'df/ lu/Ln] eG5g\ .

lu/L dg;'g :jefljs ;dodf gx'Fbf klg aif]{gL v]tLkftLdf x|f; cfPsf]atfpF5g\ . clwsf+z 7fpFdf l;FrfO{ ;'lawf 5}g, cfsfz] kfgLs} e/ kg'{k5{,pgn] eg]�–of] aif{sf] wfg pTkfbg cToGt lg/fzfhgs 5 . bIf hgzlQmg}lab]lzg yfln;s], la:tf/} la:tf/} v]tLkftLsf] nflu pko'Qm jftfj/0f gePsfn]/ hnjfo' kl/j{tgn] ubf{ udL{df clt udL{ hf8f]df ;fx|} hf8f] x'g yfn]sfn]v]tLkftLdf ;d:of ePsf] pgsf] a'emfO{ 5 . pgn] hnjfo" kl/j{tgs} sf/0flhNnfsf] 6df6/, cfn' / tf]/L v]tLdf klg c;/ kf/]sf] atfP . pgn] t/fO{dfeGbf kxf8L If]qdf al9 c;/ kf/]sf]n] klg ;'v]{tdf c;/ b]lvPsf] atfP .

o;}u/L hnjfo" kl/j{tg eO/xg] xf] / ;hutf gckgfpg] xf] eg]sltko afnL nf]k x'g] 5g\, pgn] yk] . s]xL aif{ cl3;Dd ux'F sflQssf]clGtd ;ftf;Dddf v]tL ul/;lsGYof] t/ cr]n d+;L/df uFx' v]tL x'g yfn]sf]5 . wfg :ofxfg{ l9nf eP/ ux'F v]tL nlDaPsf] rflx kSs} xf]Og, lu/Ln] eg]�–tfkqmd kl/j{tgsf sf/0f ux'F v]tLnfO{ c;/ u/]sf] xf] . tfkqmddf cfPsf]kl/jt{gn] t/fO{df b]lvPsf sltko /f]ux? kxf8df ;d]t b]vf kg{ yfln;s]sf5g\ . lu/Lsf cg';f/, tfkqmddf cfPsf] kl/jt{gsf sf/0f v]tLafnLdf sltko/f]ux?sf] klg k|sf]k b]lvg yfln;s]sf] 5 . v]tLkftLnfO{ gofFvfnsf sL/fx?n]b'Mv lbg yfn]sf 5g\ .

hnjfo' kl/j{tgsf sf/0f clta[li6, cgfa[li6, af9L klx/f] e"Ifosfsf/0f klg ;dy/ hldgx? le/fnf] hldgdf kl/0ft ePsfn] klg pTkfbg36]sf] lhNnf e"M;+/If0f sfof{nosf k|d'v xl/k|;fb lu/Lsf] 7x/ 5 . pTkfbgx'g] hldgx? anf}6] df6f]df kl/0ft ePsf 5g\, To;}n] klg pTkfbgdf x|f;cfPsf] xf]�–pgn] eg] . hnjfo' kl/j{tgn] s[lif If]q ;F+u;F+u} dfgjLo Iflt klgk'¥ofO/x]s]f 5 . of] Pp6f hl6n ;fdflhs k|Zg xf] . s[lif If]qdf k/]sf] c;/n]kl;gfsf] d"No Go"lgs/0f x'b}5, aif{e/L v]tLkftLdf b'Mv u¥of] u¥of] cflv/Ps dlxgf vfg k'Ub}g �— pgn] eg] .

df};d tyf hnfjfo' lj1fg sfof{no ;'v]{tsf k|d'v gf/fo0f ;fksf]6fsfcg';f/ hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] gs/fTds c;/sf] ;fy} ;sf/fTds c;/ klgkf/]sf] x'G5 . pgn] eg] �— x]g'{; g d}gt8fsf dlxnfx?n] wfg leq\ofP/ klgt/sf/L v]tL z'? ul/;s]sf 5g\ . %) aif{ cl3 ! ;o ^) lbgdf kfSg] wfgcfhef]nL ! ;o @% lbgdf kfSg yfNof] . art x'g] ;dodf cGo afnLnufpg ;lsG5 .

d}gt8f ufFps} &( laif{o a[4f dgsnf /;fO{nLn] elG5g\ �— d]/f] 5f]/f]klg vf8L d'n's uf5, olx aif{e/L vfg] v]tL eP t s:nfO{ kf] /x/lyof] /aflx/ hfg] . olx a'l9n] @)÷@% d'/L wfg :ofxfg]{ v]tdf clxn] #÷$ d'/L wfgklg kmNb}g, s] laklQ cfO{nfu]sf] xf] o:tf] <

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ /fd|f] jf g/fd|f] h] eP klg o:sf] k|ToIf c;/dlxnfnfO{ k/]sf] 5 . dlxnfx?n] cfk\mgf] z/L/n] wfGg ;Sg] eGbf a9L sfdug'{ kl//x]sf] 5 . k'?ifsf] lhDd]jf/Ldf /x]sf] sfd klg pgLx?n] g} ug'{kl//x]sf] 5 . dlxnfx? sfvdf aRrf Rofk]/ xnf] hf]Tg afWo 5g\ .

Notwithstanding the traditional belief that women should not tillthe land, women in a village in Surkhet district are now busy workingin the field, as their men have gone abroad to work, writes PratimaPariyar, a journalist from Surkhet. She highlights how local womenin the village who were dependent on paddy farming before are nowfocusing on vegetable farming.

Though local farmers do not know why the production has decreaseddrastically in the past few years, one thing they know is that rainpatter has changed and they feel that they cannot depend on paddyfarming alone, Pariyar further writes. One Ganga Oli is quoted assaying that her family used to sell excess rice to others but theproduction from the same land is enough only for two months of theyear now. The lack of production forced men in the village to goabroad to work.

Local agriculturists say that the production declined due to the changein climate patterns which has forced men to work abroad and leftwomen to till the land, Pariyar further writes.( Synopsis)

By Pratima Pariyar/ Surkhet

Women till the land

s}nfnLdf o;cl3 klg af9L cfO/x]sf] ePtf klg o;sf] j]u lgs} sdx'g] / af9L cfPsf] yfxf klg gx'g] oxfFsf a'9fkfsf atfp5g\ . v]taf/Ldf kfgLel/P klg wfgnfO{ s'g} gf]S;fg uy]{g t/ s]xL jif{ otf yf]/} kfgLn] klg w]/}gf]S;fg ug]{ u/]sf] pgLx?sf] cg'ej 5 .

wgl;+xk'/sf /0faxfb'/ ;fpbn] @)$) ;fn cl3 v]taf/Ldf sl/a &lkm6 hlt kfgL cfpFbf klg gf]S;fg gu/]sf] t/ clxn] eg] #÷$ lkm6d} 7"nf]gf]S;fg x'g yfn]sf] cg'ej ;'gfP . �…klxnf klxnf af9L gcfP t wfg vfgkfOGg eGg] x'GYof] clxn] af9L cfP wfg vfg kfOGg eGg] ePsf] 5Ú�–pgn] eg]�–�…klxn] klxn] ebf} @) ut];Dd klg wfg /f]KYof}+ t/ clxn] c;f/df wfg g/f]k]eft vfg kfOGg .Ú

To;}u/L nfnaf]emL uflj; sf}jfv]8fsf eLd lj=s= klxn] klxn] af9LcfPklg v]taf/Ldf afn'jf gel/g] t/ clxn] cfwL afn'jf cfwL kfgL cfP/v]taf/L gf]S;fg ug]{ u/]sf] atfP . pgn] eg]�–klxnf klxnf ;fpg ebf}df af9LcfpF5 eGg] x'GYof] t/ clxn] ;fpg ebf}df af9L cfpnf eGg] sNkgf ub}{gf}+c;f]h z'? ePkl5 aNn ca af9L cfpg] a]nf eof] eGg] nfU5 .

wfg km'Ng] a]nf c;f]hdf a]df};dsf] af9L cfOlbgfn] jif]{gL wfgafnLgf]S;fg x'g] u/]sf] pgn] atfP . o;kfnL af9L gcfPklg wfg k;fpg] a]nf

cfsfzaf6 kfgL gkgf{n] wfgdf bfgf gnfu]sf] pgn] ;'gfP .!% j6f uflj;sf w]/} v]tLof]Uo hdLg s0ff{nL / df]xgf gbLdf cfPsf]

a]df};dL af9Lsf] afn'jfn] k'/L lbPsf] 5 . s}nfnLsf] blIf0f k"jL{ efu s0ff{nLlsgf/ / g]kfn ef/t ;Ldfdf /x]sf] df]xgf gbL lsgf/sf clwsf+z wfg kmNg]v]tdf afn'jfsf] rfª 5 .

af9Ln] wfg v]tdf afn'jfsf] rfª nufO{lbPkl5 ufpFn]x? ;d:ofdf 5g\oxfFsf] k|d'v afnL wfg gkmNg] ePkl5 k|To]s 3/w'/Lh;f] ef/tlt/ uPsf6Lsfk'/ gu/kflnsf�–# sdL{8fF8fsf 6]saxfb'/ a'9f atfpF5g\ . pgn] eg]�–af9Ln] v]tdf afn'jf gebf{ lj3fdf @%÷#) SjLG6n wfg kmNYof] cfhef]nLwfg kmNb}g .Ú v]tdf wfg gkmNg] ePkl5 pgn] pv' v]tL yfn]sf] atfP . pv'anf}6] df6f]df klg cln cln eOxfNg] ePsf]n] ufpFsf c?n] klg o:tf] ug{yfn]sf] pgn] atfP

af9Ln] l;rfO s'nf] ljufl/lbPsf sf/0f v]taf/Ldf l;+rfO ;'ljwf klggePsf] 6Lsfk'/ gu/kflnsf pRrf zfxLk'/sf u0f]z 7s'Nnfn] atfP . anf}6]hUUffdf pv' nfP/ h]gt]g u'hf/f ul//x]sf pgn] eg]�–�…aflx/sf dfG5] ufpFdfcfpbf of] klg gu/kflnsf xf] / < eG5g\ t/ gu/kflnsfn] Wofg} lbb}g .Ú

af9L k|efljt lj:yflktc5fdaf6 s}nfnL cfPsf afnf/fd e08f/Ln] w]/} uflj;sf] km;n x]/]kl5

w]/} wfg kmNg] eg]/ s}nfnLsf] wgl;+xk'/df 3/hUUff agfP t/ pgsf] 3/;lxt

a]df};dL af9Lsf] df/

wgl;+xk'/ uflj;sf a'l4 rf}w/L cGo ;fnem+} @)^% ;fnsf] c;f]h dlxgfdf wfg leq\ofpg] t/v/df lyP . pgsf] wfgv]tdfnxnx wfg kfsL ;s]sf] lyof] . t/ c;f]h # ut] cfPsf] af9Lsf sf/0f pgn] wfg leq\ofpg kfPgg\ . csf]{ jif{ @)^^ ;fnc;f]h !( ut] 7"nf] af9L cfof] . o; jif{ klg pgn] wfg leqofpg kfPgg\ . g;f]lrPsf] ;dodf af9L cfpFbf s}nfnLsf sl/a!% j6f uflj;sf ls;fgx?nfO{ lgs} df/ kg]{ u/]sf] 5 .

u0f]z rf}w/L÷s}nfnL

( lj3f hUuf aufPkl5 pgL 6Lsfk'/df a:b} cfPsf 5g\ . af9Lsf sf/0flj:yflkt ag]sf sltko dflg;x? ;'/lIft 7fpdf ;/]sf 5g\ eg] c? 7fpFdfhUuf lsGg g;Sg]x? anf}6] hdLgd} a:b} cfPsf 5g\ . anf}6] hdLgdf a:b}cfPsfx? klg pTkfbg gx'g] ePkl5 clwsf+z /f]huf/Lsf nflu ef/t hfg]u/]sf 5g\ . 3/d} a;]sfx? ToxL anf}6] df6f]df afn'jfdf x'g] v/e'hf, nf}sftyf pv' nufotsf afnL pTkfbg ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .

af9Lsf sf/0f 6Lsfk'/ gu/kflnsfsf] sdL{8f8fdf /x]sf sltkosf]3/v]tsf ;fy} ufpFdf /x]sf] ljBfno klg au]kl5 oxfFsf clwsf+z afl;Gbf6Lsfk'/sf] jL/]Gb| ljBf dlGb/sf] hUUff sJhf u/L a:g'sf ;fy} ljBfno klgpt} ;f/]sf 5g\ . sdL{8fF8fsf 6]saxfb'/ a'9fn] eg]]�–�…;fgf afnaRrf k9fpg wf}eof] . ufpsf] glhsdf /x]sf] df}l/lgof / dlgsfk'/df /x]sf :s'ndf hfg klgaf9Ln] af6f] / sNe6{ ljufl/ lbof] .Ú �…:s'n /x]sf] 7fpdf 7"nf] vfN8f] k/]sf]5 . c?lt/ afn'jf dfq 5 .Ú k'/fg} 7fpFdf ljBfno k'g:yfkgf ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfg/x]sf] pgn] atfP .

To:t}, /tgk'/ uflj;sf] e'OofkmfF6f ufpF g} lj:yflkt eP/ h+undf;/]sf 5g\ . af9Lsf sf/0f pgLx? bf]xf]/f]] df/df k/]sf 5g\ . Psflt/ gbLsf]af9Ln] pgLx?nfO{ ;tfpg] u/]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ ag cltqmd0fsf/Lsf] cf/f]knfu]sf] 5 . glhs}sf] df]xgf gbLdf cfpg] af9Ln] jif]{gL ;tfpg yfn]kl5ufpFsf # ;o @) kl/jf/ lj:yflkt eP/ a;Gtf h+undf a;]sf 5g\ .

a;Gtf arfpg] cleofgdf nfu]sf] t/fO e" kl/lw sfo{qmd -tfn_ nufotsf;+3 ;+:yfn] h+un arfpg] gfddf s/f]8f}+ vr{ u/] klg r'/] arfpg] cleofgdfgnfu]sf sf/0f r'/]af6 df6f] afn'jf 9'+uf aufP/ gbLsf] ;tx k'l/b} ugf{n]ufpFdf kfgL k:g yfn]kl5 :yfgLo afl;Gbf h+unsf] cUnf] efu vf]Hb} a:gyfn]sf 5g\ .

a;Gtf arfpg t/fO e" kl/lw sfo{qmd -tfn_n] !) jif{b]lv ljleGgsfo{qmd yfn]sf] ePklg of] ag emg�–emg gfl;b} uPsf] 5 . cGt/fli6{«odxTjsf ;fy h}ljsdfu{sf ?kdf lrlgPsf] s}nfnLsf] a;Gtf sf]/L8/ / ef/tsf]b'w'jf g];gn kfs{ aLrsf] ;DaGw hf]8\g] d'Vo p2]Zo ePklg af9Lsf sf/0f;DaGw hf]l8g'sf] ;f6f] 6'6\g] qmddf 5 .

oxfFsf vf]nfn] r'/]af6 9'+uf afn'jf aufP/ Nofpgfn] kLw k'l/g] / ;txdfly cfpgfn] af9Lsf] k|sf]k a9b} uPsf] / ;d:of a9b} uPsf] / d'Qm sd}of,;'s'Daf;Lsf ;fy} af9Llkl8taf6 klg cltqmd0f ePsfn] oxfFsf] h+un ;+s6dfk/]sf] t/fO{ e" kl/lw sfo{qmdsf ;x Joj:yfks ltns 9sfnn] eG5g\ .

a;Gtf ;fd'bflos jg If]q ;dGjo ;ldltdf & jif{;Dd cWoIf /x]sf5]b'/fd rf}w/L gbLsf] lkwsf] ;tx / ufpFsf] hdLgsf] ;tx a/fa/ h:t}ePkl5 ufpFdf jif]{gL kfgL k:g yfn]sf] atfp5g\ . �…klxn] gbLsf] ulx/fO ;a}7fpdf sl/a a/fa/ x'GYof] t/ cfhef]ln gbL st} Psbd} ulx/f] 5 eg] st}sd dfq kfgL 5, lxpFbdf t st} kfgL g} x'b}g .Ú

h+un arfpg] cleofgdf nfu]sf 5]b'/fdn] af9Laf6 lj:yflkt eO h+undfa:g yfn]kl5 cWoIf kbaf6 /fhLgfdf lbPsf] atfP . a;Gtf sf]l/8f]/ arfpgtfnn] ;g\ @))! b]lv @)!) ;Ddsf] cjlwdf @& s/f]8 ?k}of vr{ u/]sf] 5Tof] /sd afn'jfdf kfgL vGofP h:tf] ePsf] 5 . a;Gtf ;+/If0f;+u} r'/]If]qsf] jg hf]ufpglt/ gnfu] a;Gtf klg ghf]lug] / r'/]df ;+s6 pTkGg eP

t/fO{df cem 7"nf] ;+s6 cfpg]5Ú 5]b'/fdn] eg] .

s}nfnLsf] !! uflj;df km}lnPsf] ag hf]ufpg dfq ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfnfuL kg]{ t/ r'/] arfpg gnfUg] xf] eg] nufgL v]/ u}/xg] / s}nfnLsf] blIf0fLe]usf hgtfn] af9Lsf] lk8f v]Kg'sf ;fy} lj:yflkt eO h+undf a:g] qmdhf/L x'g]5 �– 5]b'/fd eG5g\ .

/fxtsf nflu cfkmg} k|sf]k sf]ifaf9L k|efljt ufpFsf afl;Gbfn] cf�–cfk\mgf] ufpFdf k|sf]k sf]if agfPsf

5g\ . k|efljt ufpFsf afl;Gbfn] af9L jf cGo s'g} k|sf]k cfpFbf /fxtsf nfluc? ;+3 ;+:yfsf] kvf{Odf a:g' eGbf cfkmg} sf]if x'bf ;lhnf] x'G5 eg]/ sf]ifagfPsf x'g . k|sf]k sf]ifsf nflu k|lt 3/w'/L % ?k}ofb]lv !) ?k}of;Dd;+sng u/]sf] k|sf]k k|efljt ufpFsf afl;Gbfn] atfPsf 5g\ .

s}nfnLsf] ky/}of, ;ft lj3fsf ufpFn]]n] k|lt kl/jf/ % ?k}of, l6sfk'/gu/kflnsf �–# sdL{8fF8fsf afl;Gbfn] !) ?k}of ;+sng ul//x/]sf 5g\ .

ky/}of uflj; �–! ;ft lj3fsf a83/ uf]kfn rf}w/Ln] sf]ifdf % xhf/ % ;ogub / s]xL vfBGg /x]sf] atfP . #& 3/w'/L /x]sf] of] a:tLdf sf]if kl/rfngsfnflu lgb]{lzsf;d]t agfOPsf] pgn] atfP . pgn] eg]�–ljkt slt a]nf cfp5s]xL eGg ;lsGg To;}n] ljktsf a]nf c?sf] d'v tfSg' eGbf cfkm}n] k"j{tof/L ubf{ ;lhnf] x'G5 eG7fg]/ sf]if agfPsf xf}+ .Ú

sf]ifdf b]p;L e}nf]sf] /sd / df};dL vfBfGg klg /flvPsf] 5 . ufpFn]n]z'? u/]sf] sfddf uflj; sfof{non] klg ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . uflj; sfof{non]b}jL k|sf]k sf]ifsf nflu jflif{s @% xhf/ ?k}of 5'6\ofpg] u/]sf] ky/}of uflj;;lrj dx]z/fh /]UdLn] atfP .

g]kfn /]8qm; ;f]zfO6L ky/}ofsf ;efklt nfnaxfb'/ yfkfn] ljutdf !kf]sf rfprfp / ! lsnf] lrp/f /fxt lbg klg lhNNff zfvfsf] d'v tfSg'kg]{ePklg ca To:tf] cj:yf g/x]sf] atfP .

ljutdf ky/}of uflj;sf sltko 7fpFdf af9L cfPsf a]nf /]8qm;sdL{ljktdf k/]sfsf] lk8f 6'n'6'n' x]/]/ kms{g k/]klg ca eg] ljktdf k/]sfnfO{;fdfGo /fxt t'?Gt lbg ;lsg] atfP . ;efklt yfkfn] eg]�–ky/}of uflj;sf:yfgLo / uflj; sfof{non] /fxt sf]if agfPkl5 ;fdflhs ljsf;sf nflu;r]t ;dfh h:tf s]xL u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] ;xof]udf vf]h, p4f/ tyfk|fylds pkrf/ tflnd ;d]t ufpFn]n] kfPsf 5g\ .�…

k|sf]k lgoGq0f ug{ g;lsP klg k"j{ tof/L ubf{ Iflt Go'lgs/0f ug{;lsg] ePsf]n] ljkt hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd ky/}of uflj;n]klg sfo{ cl3 a9fPsf] ;lrj dx]z/fh /]UdLn] atfpF5g\ .

To;}u/L 6Lsfk'/sf] sdL{8fF8fdf k|sf]k sf]ifdf % xhf/ @ ;o ?k}of;+sng ePsf] s0ff{n]Zj/ ljkb hf]lvd Go'lgs/0f ;ldltsf cWoIf 6]saxfb'/a'9fdu/n] atfP . k|To]s dlxgfsf] Ps lbg ;a} ufpn] e]nf eO /sd ;+sngug]{ / ;+slnt /sd ;ldltsf] vftfdf hDdf ug]{ pgn] atfP . cfly{s ?kdflgs} sdhf]/ ePsf] @ kl/jf/af6 eg] /sd ;+sng gul/g] t/ k|sf]ksf a]nfpgLx?nfO{ klg ;xof]u ug]{ gLlt agfPsf] pgn] atfP .

gbL s6fgsf] pRr hf]lvds}nfnLsf gf/fo0fk'/, wgl;+xk'/, nfnaf]emL nufotsf uflj;sf afl;Gbf

gbL s6fgsf] pRr hf]lvddf 5g\ . df]xgf / ky/}of gbL s6fgn] gf/fo0fk'/uflj;sf %) / wgl;+xk'/ uflj;sf ! ;o 3/ pRr hf]lvddf /x]sf] :yfgLodbg ;fpbn] atfP . pgsf cg';f/ gf/fo0fk'/ uflj;sf] jf8{ g+= ( l:yt9'+ufgf6f]nsf !$ 3/ / s'lGtk'/sf #^ 3/ ;lxt % j6f ljh'nLsf kf]n ;d]tgbL s6fgsf] pRr hf]lvddf 5g\ .

wgl;+xk'/ uflj;sf] jf8{ g+= * l:yt vqmf}nfdf klg df]xgf gbLsf]s6fgn] # j6f k;n lj:yflkt u/]sf] / vqmf}nf ahf/, 5f]6L eG;f/ sfof{no,efg'eQm k|:tfljt lg=df=lj=;lxt cfwf bh{g k;n lj:yflkt x'g'kg]{ cj:yfdfcfPsf] :yfgLo /fhLj sf]O/fnf atfpF5g\ . of] uflj;sf] jf8{ g+= ^ kfonufpFsf ^) eGbf a9L 3/kl/jf/ klg df]xgf gbLsf] s6fgsf] hf]lvddf kg'{sf;fy} vqmf}nf l:yt lgdf{0fflwg k'nsf] klg eljio vt/fdf /x]sf] :yfgLok|sfz wfdLn] atfpF5g\ . otf s0ff{nL gbLn] oxL uflj;sf] �–! g+= j8fl:ytkmf6f ufpFsf $% 3/kl/jf/ gbL s6fgsf] pRr hf]lvdf /x]sf]5 . df]xgf gbLs6fgn] wgl;xk'/ uflj;sf] gbL lsgf/sf ;a} 3/ aUg] cj:yfdf k'lu;s]sf/ lj:tf/} k'/} ufpF g} gbL s6fgsf] vt/fdf /x]sf]5 .

g]kfn ef/t ;Ldfsf ?kdf /x]sf] df]xgf gbL kf/L ef/tLo kIfn] j[Iff/f]k0fu/L h+un agfO;s]sf]n] gbLsf] wf/n] g]kfnL e"dLdf /x]sf 3/lt/ s6fg ub}{cfPsf] / ufpFsf] gbL 5]pdf /x]sf Ps bh{g eGbf a9L 3/ pRr hf]lvddf/x]sfn] /ftL ;'Tg ;d]t g;lsg] eO;s]sf] :yfgLo ;'/]z v8sfn] atfpF5g\ .af9L cfPsf a]nf sltko ;+3 ;+:yf rLgL, lrp/f lnP/ afF8\g cfP klg ;w}sf]b'v d]6fpg] k|of; eg] gu/]sf] oxfFsf :yfgLon] atfP .

af9Lsf] ;"rgf kfpg ufx|f]s}nfnL lhNnfsf] wgl;+xk'/ uflj; �–! >Ln+sf ufpF jiff{ofddf cGo

ufpFl;t k"/} ;Dks{ljlxg aG5 . jl/k/L s0ff{nL gbLn] 3]l/Psf] of] ufpFdfljh'nL gePkl5 df]afOn kmf]g rfh{ ug{ klg gldNg] / cGo ufpFdf hfg 8' fklg ;+rfng gePkl5 ufpF ;Dks{ljlxg aGg] u/]sf] :yfgLo atfpF5g\ .

clt af9L k|efljt of] ufpFdf af9Lsf] k"j{ ;"rgf lbg] ;+oGq klg 5}g .

:yfgLo cdLb]jL af]x/f elG5g\ �–�…af9L cfpg] ePkl5 kfgL uGxfpg yfN5 ,6fpsf] rs{g] u/L uGxfpF5 / af9L cfPsf] cg'dfg u5f}{ .Ú

s0ff{nL gbLdf kfgL a9g yfn]kl5 ;a} ufpFn] ;'/Iffsf nflu u}/ ;/sf/L;+:yfn] agfO lbPsf] ;'/lIft ejgdf hDdf x'g] / kfgL 36]kl5 k'gM 3/ kms{g]u/]sf] :yfgLon] atfpF5g\ .:yfgLo sdLb]jL af]x/fn] elG5g\�–�…ufpF 5f]8]/ hfg]7fp klg 5}g, otfptf hfg] af6f] klg 5}g .Ú

klxn] tf]nL, dNnfx / j:tL ufpFsf ?kdf kl/lrt of] If]qnfO{ )$);fnsf] jf9Lkl5 >Ln+sf eGg yflnPsf] xf] . @)$) sf] leif0f jf9Lkl5 s0ff{nLgbLsf] Pp6f e+ufnf]n] wf/ kl/jt{g u/]/ tLglt/ 3]/]sf] 5 / csf]{lt/ ef/tsf]l;dfgf 5 .

gbLn] ;a}lt/af6 ufpF 3]/]kl5 ufpFaf;Lsf] b'Mvsf lbg z'? ePsf]pgLx? atfpF5g\ . s]xL x'g]vfg]x? ufpF 5f]8]/ cGt a;fO ;/]klg cGoq a;fO;g{ g;s]sfx? ufpd} 5g\ . of] ufpFdf sl/a #) 3/ hlt /x]sf 5g\ . jl/k/Ls0ff{nL gbLn] 3]l/Psf] of] ufpFaf6 cGoGq hfg] s'g} ljsNk gx'bf pgLx? 6fk'ag]sf]] of] ufpFdf a:g afWo 5g\ .

ljutsf jif{x?df ufpF ljsf; ;ldltn] s0ff{nL gbLsf] 3f6 7]SsfdflbP/ 8'+uf ;+rfng u/]sf] ePklg of] jif{ 8'+uf ;+rfng gePkl5 cfkm"x? emg;d:ofdf k/]sf] oxfFsf :yfgLo atfpF5g\ .

lzIffdf klg c;/wgl;+xk'/ uflj;�–! >Ln+sf ufpF ;Dks{ljlxg ag]kl5 oxf /x]sf] s0ff{nL

k|fylds ljBfno of] jif{ sl/a @ dlxgf aGb /x\of] . sl/a Ps ;o hgfljBfyL{ /x]sf] / # sIff;Dd k9fO{ x'g] of] ljBfnosf lzIfs z]/axfb'/ dx/>Ln+sf ufpF hfg] 8' f̈ ;+rfng gePkl5 ljBfno hfg ;s]gg\ .

klxn] klxn] >Ln+sf hfgnfO{ ljBfno cfkm}n] 8'̈ f ;+rfng u/]sf]dfcfDbfgL x'g yfn]kl5 uflj;n] 3f6 7]Ssfdf lbg z'? u¥of] . t/ of] jif{ sf]xLklg 3f6 7]Ssf lng tof/ gePkl5 3f6 ;+rfng x'g ;s]g . uflj;n] ut jif{#) xhf/ ?k}ofdf 3f6 7]Ssfdf lbPsf] lyof] . wgl;+xk'/ uflj;s} a6gk'/df

/x]sf] lqe'jg pRr dfljdf cWog/t >Ln+sf ufpFsf sltko ljBfyL{ l5d]sLsdnufpF, c?0ffkmf6fdf /x]sf cfkmGtsf] 3/df a;]/ kl9/x]sf 5g\ .

8' f̈ rNbf >Ln+sf ufpF sl/a cfwf 306fdf k'lug] ePklg 8'̈ f grNbfalb{of lhNnfsf] /fhfk'/xF'b} ;QL3f6 eP/ cfpg' kbf{ sl/a $ 306f nfUg]u/]sf] cfkmGtsf] 3/df a;]/ lqe'jg pRr dfljdf cWog/t eut af]x/fn]atfP .

ufpF aflx/ hfg g;lsg] ePkl5 ufpFsf ljBfYfL{ cWoogsf nflu ;f]xLuflj;df /x]sf] lqe'jg pRr dfljdf cfpg ;Sb}gg\ . jiff{df lj/fdL k/]csfnd} dg'{kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf] :yfgLon] ;'gfP . :yfgLo ho;/f af]x/fn]elG5g\�–�…jiff {df sfkL lstfa emf]nfsf] emf ]nfd} } x'G5g\, :s'n hfgkfpb}gg\ .Úcsf{ :yfgLo pbo cfphLn] eg]�–�…kfgL k/]kl5 lgb cfpb}g, sltv]/aufpg] eGg] lrGtf nflu/xG5 .Ú

of] ufpFsf sl/a #%÷$) 3/w'/Lsf] 3/ km';sf] 5 . jif]{gL cfpg] af9Ln]wfg v]tL gx'g] ePkl5 oxfsf k|fon] pv' v]tL u/]sf 5g\ . wgl;+xk'/sf] sdnufpaf6 >Ln+sf hfg] 3f6 ;+rfng gePkl5 :yfgLonfO{ cf]xf]/bf]xf]/sf nflualb{ofsf] /fhfk'/ x'b} ;QL3f6af6 s}nfnL cfpg'kg]{ afWotf 5 .

wfgsf k'/fgf hft x/fpb}slxn] nfdf] ;do;Dd v8]/L / slxn] cs:dft jiff{ x'g] sf/0fn] wfgsf

k'/fgf hft x/fpFb} uPsf] :yfgLo ls;fg atfpF5g\ . pgLx?sf cg';f/ s}nfnLdf/fhef]u, af;dtL, w'gd'lgof, s[i0fef]u, cGhgL, ;f]Ddt, cg8L nufotsfhftsf wfgsf] v]tL x'GYof] . clxn] oL hftsf wfg vf]h]/ gkfOg] l:ylt 5 .wgl;+xk'/ uflj; kmf6f ufpsf %% jlif{o /0faxfb'/ ;fpbn] eg]�– klxnfsf]wfgsf] eft /l;nf] x'GYof], vfFbf dudu af; cfpYof], k]6 el/bf klg dg ey]{gt/ clxn] pN6f] 5 . /f;folgs dnsf] cf8df dfq cfhef]nL wfg kmNg] u/]sf]pgn] atfP . To;}u/L, nfnaf]emL uflj; sf}jfv]8fsf sl/a ^% jlif{o emk6];fpbn] eg]�–uf]kfn wfgsf] eftl;t t bfn t/sf/L rflxGy]g .

k'/fgf hftsf] wfg v]tL x/fpb} uPklg df3Ldf hfF8 vfg s}nfnLsfs]xL yf? ls;fgn] eg] cg8L wfgsf] v]tL ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . k'/fgf hftaf6

pTkfbg sd x'g] ePkl5 / wfgsf k'/fgf hft x/fpb} uPkl5 yf? ;d'bfosf]k|d'v kj{ df3Lsf nflu dfq ePklg pgLx?n] cg8L wfgsf] v]tL ug]{ u/]sfx'g\ . cg8L wfgsf] hfF8 u'lnof] x'g] / yf? hfltsf] df3Ldf u'lnof] hfF8 vfg]rng /xb} cfPsf]n] k/Dk/f arfpg klg cg8L wfgsf] v]tL ub}{ cfPsf]b'uf}{nL uflj;�–& sf ls;fg dfgaxfb'/ rf}w/Ln] atfP . yf? ;d'bfosf] 7"nf]kj{ df3Ldf cfkmgf gftfuf]tf Oi6ldqnfO{ cfkmgf] 3/df af]nfO{ cg8L wfgsf]u'lnof] hfF8 v'jfpg] rng /xL cfPsf] 5 . cg8L wfgsf] eft krfpg klgufx|f] / pTkfbg klg sd x'g] ePsf]n] o;sf] v]tL sd ePsf] s[lif cg';Gwfgs]Gb| g]kfnu+h vh'/fsf lgldQ lgb]{zs s[i0fs'df/ ld>n] atfP . pgn] eg]�–�…clxn]sf] ;do pTkfbg al9 vf]Hg] ePsf]n] k'/fgf hftsf wfgaf6 a9L pTkfbglng g;lsg] / pTkfbg ;do klg a9L nfUg] ePsf]n] o;sf] v]tL ug{ls;fgn] 5f]8b} uPsf x'g\ .Ú

tfkqmd / gbLsf] ;tx a9b}s}nfnLdf sl/a $ bzsdf # l8u|L ;]lN;o; hlt tfkqmd a9]sf]

s}nfnLsf] 6Lsfk'/df @)#@ ;fnb]lv tfkqmd dfkg ub}{ cfPsf rqmaxfb'/k'gdu/n] atfP . pgsf cg';f/ @)#@ ;fndf s}nfnL 6Lsfk'/sf] clwstdtfkqmd $@ l8u|L ;]lN;o; dfq lyof] t/ @)^* ;fndf oxfsf] tfkqmd $$bzdnj ̂ l8u|L k'u]]sf] 5 . pgsf cg';f/ @)$% ;fn;Dd df};ddf Ps?ktfh:t} lyof] t/ To;kl5 df};d cGbfh ug{ sl7g 5 . kl5Nnf] r/0fdf tfkqmdx\jfQ} a9]sf] 5 . pgn] eg]�–klxnf e}/xjf g]kfnu+h jL/u+hlt/ $% l8u|Ltfkqmd k'u]sf] ;'Gbf Toxfsf dfG5] s;/L afFr]sf xf]nfg\ eGg] nfUYof] clxn]xfdLsxf lg Tolt k'Uof] .

To;}u/L, @)$@ ;fn;Dd jiff{df @)) dLnLln6/;Dd kfgL k/]sf] /]s8{/x]sf] / of] jif{ !!$ dLnLln6/ dfq kfgL k/]sf] pgn] atfP . @)^$ ;fndf!*) dLnLln6/ dfq kfgL k¥of] t/ af9Ln] 7'nf] Iflt u¥of] . klxnf klxnf af9LcfpFbf gbL lsgf/sf s]xL 3/nfO{ gf]S;fg ug]{ ePklg clxn] 7'nf] a:tLnfO{Iflt ug{ yfn]sf] pgn] atfP . klxn] hf8f]df oxfFsf] tfkqmd dfOg; kOg6 $;Dd em/]sf] /]s8{ /x]sf] ePklg s]xL jif{ otf @ l8u|L eGbf tn gem/]sf] pgn]atfP .

k|sf]ksf] If]qdf sfo{/t ;+:Yff ;fdflhs ljsf;sf nflu ;r]t ;dfh;LP;P;8Lsf sfo{qmd ;+of]hs k|]dnfn s'ZdL ;d'b|L lsgf/df a:g]nfO{ ;'gfdLsf]8/ eP h:t} xfdLnfO{ h'g;'s} a]nf af9L cfpg ;Sg] vt/fsf] 8/ /x]sf];'gfP . pgn] eg]�–kfgL gkg]{ / k/]klg clgoldt ef/L jiff{n] jif]{gL af9Lsf]vt/f lglDtb} uPsf] 5 . klxn] klxn] h]7b]lv g} jiff{ x'g yfn]klg cfhef]nLc;f/ cfpbf lg kfgL gkg]{ cg'ej nfnaf]emL sf}jfv]8fsf emk6] ;fpbn];'gfP . pgn] eg] klxn] t ufp 5]pdf /x]sf sGb|f / df]xgf gbL ; ;fgf lyPTo;} gf3g ;lsGYof} t/ clxn] gbLdf 8' f̈f nfU5 . pgn] kL8 kf]v]�–clxn]sf]h:tf] ;+s6 eP t xfdL of] 7fpdf a:g] g} lyPgf} . k'j{ klZrd /fhdfu{ cUnf]ag]kl5 /fhdfu{ dfly{sf kfgL ;a} Pslqt eP/ cfpg] / ef/tn] 3f3/f gbLdfafw agfO lbPsf sf/0f gbL ;tx kl/b} ;tx cUnf] x'g yfn]sf] :yfgLo;'gfp5g\ .

ljsNk vf]Hb}sl/a $ jif{ cl3] nfnaf]emL uflj;�–! sf nNs' s7l/ofsf] @ lj3f dWo]

! lj3f hUuf df]xgf gbLn] aufOlbof] . hUuf s6fg / k6fgdf k/]kl5 pgn]jif]{gL vfBfGg lsGg'kg]{ afWotf eof] t/ ut jif{b]lv ;3g wfg v]tL k|0ffnL -P;cf/cfO_ cg';f/ r}t] wfg v]tL u/]kl5 pgn] vfBfGg lsGg k/]g a? *SjLG6n wfg a]r] . s}nfnLsf] ;aeGbf a9L af9L k|efljt nfnaf]emLsf pgLh:tf ls;fgn] of] k|ljlwaf6 v]tL ug{ yfn]kl5 vfBfGg cefj 6/]sf] atfPsf5g\ .

kmfof g]kfn gfds u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfn] of] k|ljlw cg';f/sf] v]tLsfnflu ufpFdf s[ifs kf7zfnf ;+rfng u/]kl5 pgLx?n] of] k|ljlwaf6 v]tLyfn]sf x'g\ . z'?sf] jif{ kl/If0fsf ?kdf dfq of] k|ljlwaf6 v]tL z'? ul/Psf]ePklg clxn] eg] Joj;flos ?kdf g} v]tL ug{ yflnPsf] ls;fg nNs's7l/ofn] atfP . pgn] eg]�–�…r}t a}zfvdf afFem} x'g] xfd|f v]tdf wfg /f]Kgyfn]sf 5f} .Ú jif]{ wfg dfq /f]Kb} cfPsf]df jiff{df jif]{gL h;f] cfpg] af9Ln]/f]lkPsf] wfg / v]t klg aufO lbg] u/]sf]df cfhef]nL r}tdf klg of] k|ljlwaf6

v]tL ug{ yfn]kl5 af9Ln] aufpg] / s6fg ug]{ lrGtf klg g/x]sf] pgn]atfP . of] k|ljwaf6 v]tL ubf{ Ps lj3fsf nflu sl/a $) lsnf] jLp nfUg]u/]sf]df ^ lsnf] wfgn] k|z:t x'g] u/]sf] ls;fgx?n] atfP .

sd aLpdf w]/} pTkfbg x'g] ePsf]n] sd hUuf ePsf ls;fgsf nfluof] k|ljlw lgs} nfebfos ePsf] nNs'n] eg]�–�…of] k|ljlwn] wfg uf]8\g klg lgs};lhnf] 5 .Ú * s6\7fdf of] k|ljlwaf6 r}t] wfgsf] v]tL cfkm"n] u/]sf] pgn]atfP . pgn] eg]�–k|lt s6\7f # SjLG6n;Dd pTkfbg x'G5 .Ú k'/fgf] k|ljlwaf6eGbf of] k|ljlwaf6 jLp sd nfUg] / pTkfbg a9L x'gfn] cfkm'x? of] k|ljlwtkm{cfslif{t ePsf] oxfsf ls;fg atfp5g\ .

oxfsf ls;fgn] P;cf/cfO k|0ffnLaf6 xlb{gfy, rfOgf�–$, ;fljqL, ;'gf}nf];'uGw / ;h{'�–%@ nufotsf hftsf wfgsf] v]tL u/]sf 5g\ . * lbgsf] slnnfa]gf{nfO{ Ps Ps u/L sl/a @% ;]G6Lld6/sf] b'/Ldf /f]Kbf Ps uFfhdf ;/b/%) j6f ;/f cfpg] ls;fgn] atfPsf 5g\ . of] k|ljlwaf6 wfg v]tL ug{ emf/pv]Ng] j]8/ d]zLg h?/L ePsf] / of] d]zLg g]kfnL ahf/df gkfOg] ePsf]n]yf]/} ufx|f] x'g] u/]sf] ls;fgx? atfpF5g\ . u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfn] lbPsf] j]8/d]zLgn] sfd rnfO/x]sf] pgLx? atfpF5g\ .

hUuf Knl6 ̈u/L 3/ 38]/L agfpg] k/Dk/f a9]sf a]nf of] k|ljlwaf6

ul/g] v]tLn] ;a}nfO{ vfBfGg k'¥ofpg ;xof]u k'Ug] tyf k|sf]ksf] ljsNkdf of]k|ljlw nfebfos ePsf] ls;fgnfO{ of] k|ljlw l;sfpg] ;+:yf kmfof g]kfnsfcWoIf wgklt 9'+u]nn] atfpF5g\ .

Impact of unseasonal flood

By Ganesh Chaudhary/ Kailali

Farmers in Dhansinghpur VDC of Kailali were ready to reap thebenefits from rich harvest of paddy in Asoj (Mid-October), but theflash flood swept away everything four years ago. The unexpectedfloods during the same period again swept away their plantation thefollowing year, leaving farmers to believe that the change in climaticconditions is having an impact on the production, write GaneshChaudhary, a journalist in Kailali. The farmland in variousvillages of Kailali is now filled with sand brought by floods.

Due to flash floods caused by irregular rains, the locals in the villagehave set up an emergency fund to provide relief to the affectedfarmers, Chaudhary�’s writes in his report which highlightsadaptation measures taken by the local community and also stresseson the need to take appropriate measures to warn local farmerduring floods. (Synopsis)

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|ToIf c;/ s[lifdf

#÷$ jif{ eof], la>fd ofbjsf] v]taf/Ldf pAhfp sd x'�“b} uPsf] 5 . s'g};do la>fdsf] v]taf/Laf6 @ ;o lSjG6n;Dd cGgpTkfbg x'FGYof] . t/ clxn] d'l:snn] ^)÷&) lSjG6n x'FG5 .

b]ljsf 3tL{ du/÷bfª

*% jlif{o la>fd ofbjsf] hLGbuL g} s[lif v]tLdf laTof] . a]nfuflj;�–( a;Gtk'/ lgjf;L la>fdsf] hGd ls;fg kl/jf/sf ePsf] lyof] .ls;fg kl/jf/df hGdLPsf sf/0f pgL kgL s[lif v]tLd} nfu] . s[lif v]tLsf]nfdf] cg'ejdf o;cl3 pTkfbg o;/L 36]sf] yfxf lyPg pgnfO . bfªl:yt/fKtLkf/L sl/a % laufxf a9L hUuf 5 la>fdsf] . p;f] t v]taf/Ldf cGgpTkfbg lsg 36\of] eGg]af/]df pgnfO vf;} yfxf 5}g . v]ltkflt ug]{ ;dodfkfgL gkg]{, v8]/L a9\b} uPsf sf/0f ;dodf afnL nufpg gkfPsf sf/0fpTkfbg 36]sf] xf]nf eGg] cg'dfg 5 . o;jif{ pgsf] af/Ldf Ps kfyL ds}klg kmn]g . af/Ldf nufPsf ds}n] kfgL gkfPkl5 ds} gkmn]sf] pgn] atfP. �…af/Ldf ds} /fd|f] x'Fg]a]nfdf !%÷!^ lSjG6n ds} pTkfbg x'FGYof]�–pgn] eg],of] jif{ t Ps kfyL ds} klg ePg .Ú @) hgfsf] la>fdsf] kl/jf/dWo] sfG5f5f]/fafx]s ;a}hgf s[lif v]tL u5{g\ . cGo cfo;|f]t gePsf sf/0f v]tLkftLaf6g} pgsf] kl/jf/ kflnb} cfPsf] 5 . t/ s]xL ;dootf v]taf/Ldf pAhfp sdx'g yfn]kl5 eg] la>fdsf] kl/jf/nfO lrGtfn] ;tfpg yfn]sf] 5 . To;f] ta]nf uflj;sf] clwsfFz ufpFdf l;FrfO{sf] Aoj:yf 5}g . cfsfz] kflgsf] e/d}oxfFsf v]taf/Ldf cGg /f]Kg] ul/G5 . s]xL jif{otf v]ltkftL ug]{ ;dodf kfgLgkg]{, v8]/L a9\b} hfg], l;FrfO s'nf]x? klg ;'Sb} hfg] ePkl5 pTkfbg XjfQ}36\b} uPsf] 5 . v]tfaf/Ldf pTkfbg 36]kl5 la>fdsL >LdtL ;Ltf klglrlGtt l5g\ . �…kfgL aifL{ t e] /f]kf hfP, kfgL gfO k/L hfO t s};] /f]kfhfO<�–pgn] cf�ˆg} dfq[efiff cawLdf k|Zg ul/g\ .

a]nf uflj;�–* e};xjf lgjf;L /fhaxfb'/ ofbj klg o;jif{ af/Ldf ds} pTkfbg x'Fb} gePsf] atfP . wfg pTkfbg s]xL ?kdf ePklgklxn]eGbf clxn] lgs} 36]sf] /fhaxfb'/sf] cg'ej 5 . �…e};xjf ufpFdf o;cl3a]nf�–( l:yt s/Fufvf]nfaf6 kfgL NofP/ l;FrfO ul/GYof] . e};xjf ufpFsfcfwf hldg ToxL s'nfkfgLn] l;FrfO ug{ EofpYof]�–pgn] eg], clxn] s'nfdfkfgL XjfQ} 36]sf] 5, Psbd} sd kfgL cfpF5 To;sf/0f pTkfbg klg lgs}36]sf] 5 . To;f] t e};xjf ufpFdf cfsfz] kfgLsf] e/df v]tL x'g] hUufx?klg w]/} 5g\ . e};xjfsf sl/a &) la3f hUufdWo] cfwf hUuf afFemf] /xg]cj:yf /x]sf] pgn] atfP . #÷$ aif{ eof] v]taf/Ldf pTkfbg Psbd} sd x'gyfn]sf] . /fhaxfb'/sf] cf�ˆg} hUuf ^÷& s6\7f dfq} 5 . clxn] pTkfbg 36\b}hfFbf # hgfsf] kl/jf/nfO vfg ;d]t d'l:sn kg]{ u/]sf] pgn] atfP .

o; If]qdf ofbj hfltx?sf] afx'No a;f]jf; 5 . cfly{s ?kdflakGg lo ;d'bfo s[lifd} lge{/ 5g\ . kl5Nnf lbgx?df pTkfbg klg 36\b}uPkl5 sd hUuf ePsfx? ;d:ofdf /x]sf 5g\ . af]l/ª h8fg ug{ ;Sg]x?af]l/ª h8fg u/L hldgd'gLsf] kfgLaf6 l;FrfO ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ eg] af]l/ªh8fg ug{ g;Sg]x? cfsfz] kfgLsf] cfzf ub}{df lbg laTg] u/]sf] 5 . u9jfuflj;�–$ afnfv'§L lgjf;L tLns/fd kf]v]|nsf] lrGtf klg p:t} 5 . o;jif{ *s6\7f af/Ldf nufPsf] ds} * dfgf klg gkmn]sf] pgn] atfP . ;w} ^÷&lSjG6n wfg lalqm ug]{ tLns/fdn] s]xL jif{otf v]taf/Ldf pTkfbg 36\b}uPkl5 lrGtf ylkPsf] atfpF5g\ . cf�ˆgf] v]taf/Ldf nufPsf wfg, ux'F, c8/, ds}, rgf, d;'/f], tf]/L, ;/:o'F nufotsf ;a} pTkfbg sd ePsf] pgn]atfP . kfgL gePsf sf/0f ;dodf v]tL nufpg gkfPkl5 cGg pTkfbg sdePsf] pgsf] egfO 5 . To;f] t tLns/fdn] u9jf uflj;df w]/}h;f] hUufx?

af]l/ªaf6 l;FrfO Aoj:yf ePsf / /fKtL glbsf] kfgL nfUg] 7fpFdf dfqpTkfbg /fd|f] ePsf] atfpFF5g\ . wfg / ds} ;dodf kfgL k/]kl5 nufpg] xf],o;jif{ ;dod} kfgL k/]g�–pgn] eg], ;dodf wfg, ds} /f]Kg gkfPkl5 wfg,ds} /fd|f] gkmn]sf] pgn] atfP .

s'g} ;do d;'/f] dfq $÷% lSjG6n lalqm ug]{ u/]sf] atfpg]tLns/fdn] clxn] 3/df vfgsf nflu ;d]t d'l:snn] k'Ug] u/]sf] tLns/fdsf] egfO 5 . �…P=====klxn]sf] lbg 5'§} lyP, wfg, ux'F, ds}, d;'/] a]Ry], rgfklg slxn]sfFxL a]Ry]�–pgn] eg], t/ clxn] ;a} cGgx? kmNg 5f8], d;'/f] td'l:snn] 3/df vfg k'U5 .Ú sfd ug{ ;Sg] ePb]vL g} s]lif v]tL ub}{ cfPsftLns/fd cfly{s ?kdf ;DkGgx?n] af]l/ª h8fg u/]/ ePklg l;FrfO ub}{cfPsf] pgn] atfP . Pp6f af]l/ª h8fg ug{ %)÷^) xhf/ nfUg] ePsf sf/0f ;a}n] af]l/ª h8fg ug{ g;s]sf] pgsf] egfO 5 . To;f] t tLns/fdnfOv]tLkftL pTkfbg lsg sd eof] eGg] af/]df cfsfzaf6 kfgL gk/]sf sf/0fsd eof] eGg] nfU5 . o;afx]s s] sf/0fn] pTkfbg sd eof] eGg] af/]dfcfkm'nfO yfxf gePsf] pgn] atfP . u9jf uflj;�–( rGbgk'/ lgjf;L af;dtLrf}w/Lsf] hUuf w]/} 5}g . 3/af; / ! s6\7f dfq hUuf 5 . pgsf] ToxL yf]/} hUufdf ePklg t/sf/L v]tL u/]/ pgn] lalqm u/L kl/jf/ kfNb} cfPsL l5g\. cf�ˆgf] af/Ldf nufPsf] uf]eL, d'nf, cfn', efhL, wlgof nufotsf t/sf/Lv]tL u/L lalqm ub}{ cfPsL af;dtLnn] kfgL gk/]k5L af/Ldf nufPsf t/sf/Lx? pTkfbg x'g 5f8]sf] atfOg\ . af/Ldf nufPsf] t/sf/L u9jf ahf/dfnu]/ lalqm u/L hLp kfNb} cfPsL af;dtLn] s'nfdf cfpg] kfgL klg ;'Sb}uPkl5 cfkm'nfO ;d:of k/]sf] atfOg\ . l;FrfOsf] Aoj:yf eP, t/sf/L v]tL/fd|f] ug{ ;sLg] atfpg] af;dtL glhs} /x]sf] l5d]sLsf] af]l/ªaf6 ef8fdfkfgL NofP/ l;FrfO ug]{ u/]sf] atfOg\ .

/fhk'/ uflj;�–& uFubLsL klaqf rf}w/Lsf] ;d:of klg p:t} 5 .;dodf kfgL gk/]kl5 ds} l9nf]u/L dfq 5/]sf] atfOg\ . v]tdf nufPsf] wfgklg s'nfkfgL nfUg] 7fpFdf dfq wfg pTkfbg ePsf] / afFsL v]tdf pTkfbggePsf] klaqfn] atfOg\ . otf u9jf uflj;�–( rGbgk'/sf nfnd0fL ofbjsf]lrGtf eg] 5'§} 5 . nfnd0fLsf] 3/5]j}af6 aUg] u'?ªvf]nfdf cfPsf] af9Ln]uPsf] ebf}df hUuf aufP/ nu]kl5 nfnd0fLnfO lrGtf ylkPsf] 5 . /ftL !@ah]lt/ cfPsf] af9Ln] $ s6\7f hUuf / uf]7 aufP/ nu]sf] 5 . nfnd0fLsf]3/sf] cfwf cfug ;d]t af9Ln] aufPsf] 5 . uf]7df /x]sf] e}F;L eg] aNntNnarfpg ;s]sf] pgn] atfP . To;lbg cfPsf] af9Ln] rGbgk'/sf ( 3/kl/jf/sf] sl/a * laufxf hUuf aufPkl5 lt hUufx? clxn] au/df kl/0ft ePsf5g\ . nfnd0fLsf] t 3/;d]t wGg} au]sf] lyof] . v]tdf ev{/} nufPsf] wfg;a} af9Ln] nUof], af9Ln] hUuf aufPkl5 s]xL kl/jf/sf] o;jif{ 3/df vfg]cGg ;d]t 5}g eg] s]xLsf] v]tL ug]{ hUuf ;d]t ar]sf] 5}g�–;Gt/L ofbjn]eg] . o;cl3 hUuf g} aufpg] u/L @)@@ ;fndf af9L cfPsf] atfpFb} ;Gt/Ln] olt 7'nf] af9L o;jif{ dfq} cfPsf] atfP .

bfª lhNnfsf] b]pv'/Ll:yt /fKtL kf/Lsf uflj;x?df s]xL jif{otfv]tLkftLdf ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 . /fKtLkf/L /x]sf u9jf, a]nf, /fhk'/, uFufk/:k'/, uf]a/8Lxf uflj;df o:tf] ;d:of a9L b]lvg] u/]sf] 5 . v]ltkftL sdx'g'sf ;fy} o;If]qdf kfOg] kmnkm"nx?df klg ;d:of b]lvg] u/]sf] u9jflgjf;L kqsf/ lzj/fh kGyL atfp5g\ . s]xL jif{ eof] oxfF kfOg] cfFk, s6x/, lnlr, cDafsf af]6x?df km"n /fd|} km"n]klg kmn gnfu]/} emg]{ u/]sf] kfOPsf]5 . �…cfFksf] ?vdf k|;:t} km"n km'n]sf] x'FG5, t/ kmn eg] ?vdf ?Sb}g-7xb}{g_�–ag tyf aftfj/0f ;F/If0f ;dGjo ;ldltsf cWoIf pdfsfGt kGtn] eg] .Úxfjfx'/Lsf] rfk klg a9\b} hfg yfn]sf] utjif{sf] t'ngfdf sflt{saf6} cTolwshf8f] a9\g yfn]sf] / kmfu'gaf6} cTolws udL{ x'g yfn]sf] dx;'; ePsf] 5�–kGtn] eg] . t/fO If]qdf b]lvg] tfnr/fx? b]lvg} 5f8]sf] :yflgo x/L kf]v]|nn]atfP . o;If]qsf ds} / rgf v]ltdf cGo v]lteGbf a9L k|efj k/]sf]:yflgojf;Lsf] egfO 5 . a]nf uflj;sf clwsfFz hUufx? kfgLsf] cefjdfafFem} b]lvg yfn]sf 5g\ . hnafo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ b]lvb} uPsf] 5 . t/

o;sf] af/]df hf] k|ToIf ?kdf k|efljt e}/x]sf s[ifsx? eg] cgle1tf 5 .hnjfo' kl/jt{g lgoldt k|fs[lts k|Sl/of ePklg cf}Bf]lusLs/0f tyf oftfoftIf]qdf vlgh O{Gwgsf] Jofks k|of]u Pjd\ jg ljgfzsf] sf/0f xl/tu[xUofF;sf] cTolws pT;h{gaf6 hnjfo' kl/jt{gdf tLa|tf cfPsf] 5 . uflj;dfePsf kfgLsf ;|f]tx? ;'Sb} hfg yfn]kl5 s'nfkflg ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Stf;d'x uf]j/l8xf uflj;�–# a8x/fn] kf]v/L lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . jg ;d'xsfcWoIf b]jnfn ofban] hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's'ngsf nflu kf]v/L lgdf{0f ul/Psf] atfP . g]kfn s[lifk|wfg b]z xf] . To;dWo] wfg v]ltnfO k|d"v afnLsf]?kdf lng] ul/G5 . t/ clxn] ToxL wfg v]tL ug]{ ;dodf kfgL g} kg{ g;sLv8]/Lsf] ;d:of / v]tL u/]kl5 clws aiff{ eO{ 8'afgsf] ;d:ofn] ljut s]xLaif{b]lv g]kfnL ls;fgnfO{ lk/f]Ng] u/]sf] 5 . o:tf y'k|} pbfx/0fx? 5g\ h;n]hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/0f s[lif If]qnfO{ k|ToIf k|efj kf/]sf] tYonfO{ k|:6ub{5g\ . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] ;d:ofsf] af/]df clxn] laZjn] lrGtf AoQm ul//x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf klg o;sf] laifodf ;a}n] lrGtf / rf;f] AoQm ul//x]sf]cj:yf 5 . k[YjLsf] a9\bf] tfkqmdaf6 pTkGg hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] ;d:ofn]g]kfnnfO{ ;+j]bgzLn agfPsf] 5 . lsgls g]kfnh:tf] ul/a d'n'sn] o;af6kg{ ;Sg] k|efjnfO{ y]Ug ;Sg] :lyltdf /xFb}g . bfªdf klg hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf]c;/ b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 . bfªdf cGg pTkfbg klg 36\b} hfg' tyf kfgLsfd'xfgx? ;'Sb} hfg yfn]kl5 ag tyf aftfj/0f ;F/If0f ;dGjo ;ldltn]d'xfg ;F/If0f sfo{sf] yfngL u/]sf] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/ lhNnfsf /fKtLkf/Lsf uflj;x?df a9L b]lvgyfn]kl5 hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/nfO sdug{ d'xfg;F/If0f sfo{ yflnPsf] ;ldltsf cWoIf pdfsfGt kGtn] atfP .;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d'x;Fu ;xsfo{ u/]/ ;ldltn] sfd ub}{ cfPsf] 5. hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ sd ug{ afof]Uof;-uf]a/Uof;_ n] cf]hgtxdfsfa{gsf] dfqf 36fpg sfd ug]{ ePsf sf/0f uf]a/Uof; h8fgnfO WofglbOPsf] cWoIf kGtn] atfP . bfªdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ vf;u/L s[lif/ hn;|f]tsf] If]qdf b]lvPsf] 5 . /fKtL gbL kf/Lsf s]xL uflj;x? o;sf] a9Lk|efjdf 5g\ . s]xL jif{b]vL a]nf uflj;sf s]xL hdLgx? afFemf] /xg k'u]sf5g\ . lhNnfdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efj k/]sf] If]q klxrfg ug{ ag]sf]lhNn:tl/o ;FoGqn] klg a]nf, /fhk'/, dfgk'/, km"naf/L / xfF;Lk'/ uflj;dfk|efj a9L b]lvPsf] lgis0f{ lgsfn]sf] lyof] . o;}nfO cfwf/ dfg]/ cGtl/dag kl/of]hgf ?kfGt/0f g]kfnn] lo kfFr} uflj;x?df ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmfdxf;F3 bfª;Fu ;xsfo{ u/]/ k|efljt If]qdf cg's'ngsf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfngu/]sf] ;fd'bflos jg dxf;F3 bfªsf cWoIf zf]efs/ ;fksf]6fn] atfP .

j}1flgs cWoog tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL cGt{;/sf/L d~rsf]k|ltj]bgaf6 hnjfo' kl/jt{gdf Jofkstf cfPsf] k'li6 ePkl5,;g\ !((@ sf]d] dlxgfdf hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL ;+o'St /fi6«;+3Lo ;+/rgf dxf;lGwtof/ eof] . ;g\ @))& df cfO{=kL=;L=;L af6 k|sflzt rf}yf] d"Nofªsgk|ltj]bgn] dfgjLo lqmofsnfksf] sf/0f hnjfo' kl/jt{g tLa| ultdf e}/x]sf]tYo k|i6 kf/]sf] 5 . xl/tu[x UofF;sf] pT;h{gdf j[4L e}] jfo'd08n tflt+b}hfgfn] :yfg ljz]if cg'?k hnjfo' klg kl/jt{g x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] sf/0f jiff{ k|s[of tyf Ct' sfndf ;d]t kl/jt{g x'g cfPsf] 5 .o;af6 hn;|f]t, s[lif, jg tyf h}ljs ljljwtf, :jf:Yo, k|sf]k, k"jf{wf/ljsf;, ko{6g tyf lhljsf]kfh{g;+u ;DaGlwt ljleGg Ifqdf k|ToIf tyfck|ToIf k|efj k/]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ dWogh/ /fvL ;f] dxf;lGwsf] k|efjsf/Lsfof{Gjogaf6 hnjfo'[ kl/jt{gsf] sf/0f kl//x]sf] tyf kg{ ;Sg] k|lts"nk|efjnfO{ Go"g ug{ cfh ljZj ;d'bfo lqmofzLn 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsfk|efj ljz]if u/]/ ul/a, ljsf;f]Gd'v, e"kl/j]li6t tyf kj{tLo d'n'sdf a9Lb]lvPsf] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 g]kfn klg cToGt} k|efljt ePsf]n] o;nfO{;Daf]wg u/L kxf8 / t/fO{ nufot kj{tLo If]q, oxfFsf hgtf / ltgsf]hLljsf]kfh{g tyf kfl/:lysLo k|0fFfnLdf kl//x]sf] c;/ / kg{ ;Sg] k|efjnfO{Go"g ug{ gLltut Joj:yf u/L sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug'{ cTofjZos ePsf] 5. dxf;lGwsf] kIf ePkl5 cg';"rL ! df gkg]{ ;b:o /fi6«sf] x}l;otn] @)^!;fndf g]kfnn] k|f/lDes /fli6«o ;~rf/ k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L dxf;lGwsf];lrjfno dfk{mt kIf /fi6«nfO{ hfgsf/L lbOPsf] lyof] . @)%# b]lv @)^#;fnaLr o; dxf;lGwnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ qmddf tTsfnLg hg;FVof tyfjftfj/0f dGqfnonfO{ dxf;lGwsf] s]Gb|ljGb' tf]Sg] / Sof]6f] k|f]6f]sndf Joj:yfePsf] :jR5 ljsf; ;+oGq ;DaGwL cfof]hgfnfO{ k|jw{g ug{ jftfj/0fdGqfnonfO{ Designated National Authority tf]Sg] tyf hgr]tgfclea[l4sf] nflu s]xL sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ePsf] b]lvG5 .

Climate Change and agriculture

By Devikar Gharti Magar/ Dang

Though majority of people in Dang district in mid west Nepal aredependent on agriculture, the decline in production on various cropshave begun to have impact on the lives of these people. The localfarmers do not know why the production declined but suspect thatirregular and unseasonal rains and lack of proper irrigation couldbe the reasons, writes Devika Gharti Magar, a journalist fromDang. Not only irregular rains, but the unseasonal floods too havemade adverse impact on the local farming.

Though few educated people think that the changing climate is havingan impact on local farming, the farmers are not aware of suchthing, she further writes, adding that the local farmers know nothingabout climate change but are only worried about the decline inproduction on which they depend year around. She also sheds lighton the efforts made at the local level to meet the growing challengesposed by impacts of climate change. (Synopsis)

kL8f / qf; dx;'; ug]{ u'dfgl;+x PSnf xf]Ogg\ . @# j}zfvsf] af9Lb]Vg] / k|ToIf c;/ ef]Ug] df5fk'R5|]sf] ;f"bn, sk'r], s?jf, enfp"bL /;fbL{vf]nf uflj;sf e/fe/L / vf/fkfgLnufotsf 7fp"sf clwsf+z jfl;Gbfsf]Pp6} sfdgf 5�– �…To:tf] kL8f slxNo} ef]Ug gk/f];\ .Ú

x'g klg ;]tLdf cfPsf] af9L sd sxflnnfUbf] lyPg . ljxfg gf} aHbfgaHb} PsfPs pln{Psf] af9Ln] ;f"bnb]lv vf/fkfgLahf/;Ddsf em08} &&hgfsf] Hofg lnPsf] lyof] eg] ufO{j:t', afv|f, 3/÷6x/f÷uf]7, xf]6n, ;jf/L;fwg, pAhfp e"ld, vfg]kfgLsf] ;|f]tnufot s/f]8f}+}sf] IftL k'¥ofPsf] lyof] .af9Ln] ;f"bn / vf/fkfgLsf ;of}+nfO{ 3/af/ljxLg agfPsf] 5 .

af9Laf6 wghgsf] IftL ef]Ug]x?sf cf"vf clxn] klg /;fPs} 5g\, kL8fklg p:t} 5 . �…;]tLsf] af9L ;Demg] ljlQs} d'6' eSsflgP/ cfp"5Ú ;f"bndf/x]sf] 3/, afv|fnufot u'dfP/ >Ldfg;lxt enfp"bLl:yt lbbLsf] 3/df ;xf/flnPsL /fddfof" k'gdu/n] elgg\, �…ca To:tf] slxNo} ef]Ug' gk/f];\ .Ú

;]tLsf] af9Ln] ;f"bnsf em08} @@ 3/dWo] !$ 3/df k"0f{ IftL k'¥ofPsf]lyof] . ;]tL lsgf/;+u} km}lnP/ a;]sf] ;f"bndf clxn] j:tL 5}g . ar]sf3/df;d]t dfG5] a;]sf 5}gg\ . ;]tLsf] qf;n] Toxf"af6 ;a} lj:yflkt ePsf5g\ . ;f"bnsf !$ 3/ kl/jf/nfO{ enfp"b} glhs}sf} h+undf k'gM:yfkgful/Psf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs hUufdf pgLx?nfO{ :yfgfGt/0f ul/Pklg xftd'vhf]g{] pkfo eg] pgLx?;+u 5}g . a:g] 3/;d]t /fd|f] 5}g . ;fdfGo 6x/fdfpgLx?sf] lbgrof{ lalt/x]sf] 5 . vf/fkfgLahf/ t k"/} au/df kl/0ft ePsf]5 . j:tL a;fpg] cj:yf clxn] klg Toxf" b]lvGg . �…;+3;+:yf / /]8qm;n]lbPsf] ;xof]uaf6 u'hf/f rnfO{/x]sf 5f}+], �…afnaRrf s;/L kfNg] xf] xfdLcK7\of/f]df k/]sf 5f}+Ú lkl8t dfO{nf k'g du/n] eg] . ljleGg ;+3;+:yfn]pgLx?nfO{ h+unaf6 j:tL ePsf] 7fp"df ;fl/lbg] cfZjf;g af"8]sf 5g\ .;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlglwn] cGoq} 3/ agfO{lbg] cfZjf;g lbPkl5 cfkm"n] kfPsf]hldgdf 3/ agfpg yfn]sfn] klg aLr}df lgdf{0fsfo{ /f]s]/ ;xof]u klv{/x]sf5g\ . ;]tL af9Ln] Hofg u'dfP/ nfz km]nf k/]sf kl/jf/n] /fHoaf6 /fxtkfPklg a]kQf kl/jf/ / cGo IftL ef]u]sfx?n] s'g} ;xof]u kfPsf 5}gg\ .36gfnuQ} /]8qm;, cGgk"0f{ PkmPdnufotsf ;+3÷;+:yfn] kLl8tx?nfO{ vfBfGg/ s]xL /sd ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] . 36gfnuQ} k|wfgdGqL 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{,Pdfcf]jfbL cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfnnufotsf /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwn]:ynut lgl/If0f u/L �…/fHosf tkm{af6 kLl8tnfO{ k"0f{ ;xof]u ug]{Ú cfZjf;glbPsf] gf} dlxgf lalt;Sbf klg afrf k"/f gePsfdf kLl8tx? b'MvL 5g\ .

�…k|wfgdGqLn] ;xof]u kfpg'x'G5 eGg'eof], clxn];Dd s]xL ;xof]u kfO{PgÚkLl8t ;'gaxfb'/ k'g du/n] eg] . kLl8tx?n] h;f]t;f] uhf]{ 6fl//x] klgpgLx?sf] dgdf ;]tLsf] qf; eg] af"sL g} 5 . ljz]if1x?sf] :ynut cWoogn];]tLdf km]l/ klg af9L cfpg ;Sg] ;+s]t u/]kl5 emg} :yfgLox?df ;Gqf;lgDTofPsf] 5 .

�…;]tLdf km]/L klg To:t} af9L cfpg] lrGtf 5Ú vf/fkfgLsf dgaxfb'/u'?ªn] eg] . @# j}zfvdf af9L hfg'eGbf em08} Ps ;ftf cl3b]lv g} ;]tLgbLsf] kfgL wldnf] ePsf] / kfgLsf] dfqf klg 36]sf] dx;'; :yflgo jfl;Gbfn]u/]sf t lyP t/ pgLx?n] To;sf] cg'dfg ug{ ;s]gg\ . kmntM PsfPscfPsf] af9Ln] wghgdf IftL eof] . a]n}df cg'dfg ug{ ;lsPsf] eP / k"j{;+s]t k|0ffnL -cnfld{ª l;:6d_ eO{lbPsf] eP ;+efljt vt/faf6 aRg ;lsg]ts{ u5{g\ hnjfo' If]qdf sfo{/t cho bLIfLt .

@# j}zfvs}h:tf] af9Lsf] ;+efjgf ePsfn] hgtfnfO{ ;'/lIft ug{]k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug{ l9nfO{ ug{ gx'g] lj1 bLlIftsf] ;'emfj 5 . �…;+efljtvt/faf/] ;j{;fwf/0fn] klxNo} hfgsf/L kfpg]u/L ;"rgf k|0ffnL :yfkgf ug'{cfjZos 5Ú pgn] eg] . cGt/f{li6«o PsLs[t kj{tLo ljsf; s]Gb| -Ol;df]8_sf

lxdgbL / lxdtfnlj1, o'lgel;{6L ckm Pl/hf]gfsf k|f]km];/, gf;fsf j}1flgs/ k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk;sf] e"ue{ ljefusf e"ue{ljb\x?sf] cg';Gwfgn] lxdklx/f]s}sf/0f ;]tLdf af9L cfPsf] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf 5g\ . cg';Gwfgx? clxn] klghf/L 5g\ .

o'lgel;{6L ckm Pl/hf]gf tyf gf;fsf al/i7 cg';Gwfgstf{ h]kmL{sf/u]n;lxt g]kfnL cg';Gwfgstf{x? wg~ho /]UdL, nfn'k|;fb kf}8]n, vu]Gb|kf}8]nnufotsf] cWoogn] r§fg v;]/ y'lgPsf] kfgLsf] d'Vo ;|f]t PSsf;Lkm'6]kl5 af9L cfPsf] k|f/lDes lgisif{ lgsfn]sf lyP . cGgk"0f{ rf}+yf] /df5fk'R5|] lxd>[+vnf lgs} sdhf]/ ePsfn] To:t} lxdklx/f] km]l/ klg hfg;Sg] ePsfn] tNnf] tl6o If]qdf k"j{ ;"rgf lbg] k|0ffnL :yfkgf ug{ pgLx?n]klg hf]8 lbPsf lyP .

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By Abdullah MiyaThe people living in various villages of Machhapuchhre VDC

in Kaski district still remembers the flash flood over Seti River onMay 5 this year that killed 40 people and 32 still remains missingmonths after the incident. The missing is yet to counted as dead officially.Journalist Abdullah Miya of Kantipur travelled again to the siteand writes that the people living there hope that the incident wouldnever occur again.

Assurances have been made from various government and non-government organizations to provide relief but hundreds of familiesare still waiting for it, writes Miya. He has quoted experts as sayingthat there is an immediate need for an early warning system as thethreat of yet another flash flood still exists. Though no glacial lakesexist in the area, the threats of snow avalanche, which could cause amassive flood, still exists, experts say. They have also urged for aproper study of the area to make sure that future incidents do notcause impacts like in May.

Seti�’s terror

Synopsis of video documentaries

Less seed and less water: Double income(15 min 30 sec)By Dhurba Basnet/ NEFEJ

Nepal depends on agriculture as it is the mainstay ofthe country�’s economy. And paddy is the main feature ofour agriculture but the national production is not enoughto feed all the people. Due to declining quality of soil, oldtechnology of farming and lack of better breed of seeds,the production is decreasing.

Journalist Dhurba Basnet highlights in a documentaryhow local farmers in Kailali are adapting the SRItechnology of paddy plantation. This shift to newtechnology has helped increase the yield satisfying thefarmers, as the regular rains is enough for the plantation.The farmers decided to opt for this technology after thefloods severely affected their farm land. As the change inrain patterns has affected the poorest of the community,the applied knowledge of this SRI technology has givendouble the income from the increased paddy yield.

Revisiting Seti(24 min)By Dhurba Basnet/ NEFEJ

On May 5 this year, a massive flash flood on SetiRiver swept away an entire village of Kharapani inMachhapuchhre VDC of Kaski district. Forty peoplehave been confirmed dead while 32 more are stilllisted in the missing list. The locals there had neverexpected such devastating flood at that time of theyear.

Journalist Dhurba Basnet revisited the site inNovember to produce a documentary in which he hasalso incorporated the scenes of the flood. AlexanderMaximov, a Russian pilot of Avia Club, was taking aguest for a ride over the mountains when he saw thesnow avalanche, which had triggered the flash flood.His early warning to his station back in Pokhara andfrom there to the general public through a local radiostation saved many lives that day, it is recalled in thedocumentary. The experts who have been interviewedin the documentary have said that the avalanche causedthe flood but rule out a glacial lake outburst.

The documentary also highlights how the affectedfamilies are yet to receive a proper compensation andrelief from the government and still reeling under theopen space as they lost their homes. There is an urgentneed to rehabilitate the affected families.

Livelihood(15 min)By Dhurba Basnet/ NEFEJ

In this video, journalist Dhurba Basnet has shedlight on the livelihood of the fishing community inKailali district and how numbers of fishes have gonedown in the past few years. Irregular rain has affectedthe aquatic life in the area, say local Tharucommunity. They are also surprised to experienceflash floods long after the monsoon season whichaffected the fish availability. Recognising the problem,the local agriculture office has now taken some stepsto create new fishing ponds and has helped the localcommunity to improve their livelihood.

(Understanding and Reporting Climate Change)Support to Mountain Initiative of Government of Nepal

Organized by Nepal Forum of Environmental Journalists (NEFEJ)and

Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, Government of Nepal

5-6 October (Dhangadi, Kailali)8-9 October (Birendranagar, Surkhet)

Capacity Building of Local Journalists

Day I

Time Programme Resource Person9:00-9:30 Registration

9:30-11:0011:30-12:30Session I12:30-2:30

Opening sessionLunchUnderstanding Climate Change- Basic knowledge on climate change, and its

consequences for countries like Nepal- Impacts of climate change on Nepal�’s mountain

environment- Details about National Adaptation Plan of Action

(NAPA) and Local Adaptation Plan of Action(LAPA) and their working areas

- Highlight Nepal Climate Change SupportProgramme (NCCSP) of Government of Nepal

- Details about the Mountain Initiative of theGovernment of Nepal

- Basics of climate adaptation and mitigation

Binod Gautam,Ministry of Environment,Science and Technology

2:30-3:00 Tea break

Reporting Climate Change-How to produce news/feature stories on climate

change-Sources of news, reporting tools, framing the stories,presentation of the story, tips for reporting

Mohan MainaliSenior Journalist/ trainer

Session III3:00-5:00

Session IV5:00-5:15

Video presentation(Climate Change: Our Concern)

Day II

Time Programme Resource Person

Session I9:30-9:45 Video presentation (Climate Change refugees)

11:30-12:30 Lunch

Mohan Mainali

Session II10:00-11:30

Session IV200-4:00

Issue Discussions (Participants to present issuesrelatedto climate change and mountain environment intheir respective districts

Mohan Mainali

Issue Identification (Trainer to discuss withparticipantsand identify stories

Session III12:30-2:00

Tea Break

Write a brief outline of one story each by the participantsSix stories (three each from two training) will be selectedon the basis of this outline and provide them funding todevelop in-depth reports

Closing

Mohan MainaliMohan Bista

Training on Climate Change ReportingDhangadhi, Kailali

October 5-6, 2012 (Asoj 19 �– 20, 2069)

List of Participants

S.N. Name District Affiliation Contact address

1 Ganesh Chaudhari Kailali Kantipur

2 Mukesh Terra Chaudhari Kailali New Today Nepal

3. Shrawan Deuba Kailali Naya Patrika/ Anumodan Daily

4 Ganesh Prasad Bhatta Kanchanpur Sudur Khabar

5 Rajendra Nath Kanchanpur Kantipur

6 Basanta Bist Baitadi Local Newspaper

7 Khagendra Awasthi Baitadi Kantipur

8 Nimendra Shah Bajura Local Newspaper

9 Arjun Shah Bajura Kantipur

10 Kamal Rawal Achham Local Newspaper

11 Lal Bahadur Chadara Achham Local Newspaper

12 Shibaraj Khatri Achham Khaptad Daily

13 Hikmat Singh Dadeldhura Avenues TV

14 Barun Paneru Dadeldhura Nagarik

15 Debika Gharti Magar Dang Ganatantra Dainik

16 Rama Pokhrel Dang Rapti Samachar

17 Kabita Ghimire Dang Goraksha Daily

18 Laxman KC Rukum Rajdhani

19 Birendra Kumar Pun Magar Rolpa Himalayan Times

20 Dipesh Parai Bist Rolpa Jaljala Weekly

Training on Climate Change ReportingBirendranagar, Surkhet

October 8-9, 2012 (Asoj 22 �– 23, 2069)

List of Participants

S.N. Name District Affiliation Contact address

1 Jiban Sejuwal Mugu Annapurna Post

2 Hansaraj Neupane Jumla RSS

3. Kamal B. Shahi Dolpa Lal Rakshka Daily/Himalay TV

4 Lanka Prasad Dhamala Kalikot Radio Chulimalika

5 Kamal Mahatara Humla Kailash FM

6 Prakash Adhikari Dailekh Kantipur

7 Govinda KC Dailekh Nagarik Daily

8 Bhim Bahadur Singh Jajarkot Kantipur

9 Bir Bahadur Giri Jajarkot Naya Patrika

10 Raj Bahadur Singh Jajarkot TTV

11 Laxmi BC Banke Himal FM

12 Prem Singh Sunar Banke Krishnasar FM

13 Dil Prakash Gautam Bardiya NTV

14 Rajendra Dhital Bardiya Bardia Samachar

15 Nirmal Ghimire Bardiya Nagarik Daily

16 Ganesh Kanchan Bharati Surkhet Naya Patrika/ Sanghiya Khabar

17 Pushpa Malla Surkhet Rara TV

18 Partima Pariyar Surkhet Kankrebihar Daily

19 Laxmi Bhandari Surkhet Hamro Akhabar Daily

20 Kul Bahadur Khadka Surkhet Karobar Daily

Local Coordinator: Govinda Koirala

National Workshop onReporting Climate Change

Support to Mountain Initiative of Government of NepalOrganised by

Nepal Forum of Environmental Journalists (NEFEJ) andMinistry of Environment, Science and Technology

with funding from the UK Government

Program ScheduleVenue: Hotel Summit, LalitpurDate: November 22�–23, 2012

Day 1, 22 November 2012Time Activities Resposible person

9:30-9:40 Opening Session:Welcome Remarks

09:00-9:30 High Tea and Registraion

Laxman Upreti (Project Coordinator/FormerPresident, NEFEJ)

Video Screening: Mountain Initiative

10:00-10:50 Dominic O�’Neill, (Head of Office DFID)Shiva Gaunle (President, Federation of NepaleseJournalists)Dipendra Bahadur Chhetri (Vice-Chairperson,National Planning Commission)Dr. Keshav Man Shakya (Minister forEnvironment, Science and Technology)

Opening RemarksOpening RemarksOpening RemarksOpening RemarksKey Note Remarks

09:40-10:00

10:50-11:00 Chairperson�’s remarks Prakash Rimal, Vice President, NEFEJ

11:00-11:20

11:20-11:40

11:40-11:55

11:55-12:1512:15-12:30

Technical Session I:Understanding Climate Change(Report Presentation)Understanding Climate ChangeGlacial Lakes in Nepal: Danger in themaking Commentators�’ RemarksDiscussionChairperson�’s Remarks

Ramesh Prasad Bhushal (Journalist, RepublicaDaily)Shyam Bhatta (Journalist, Nagarik Daily)Dr. Dinesh Chandra Devkota (Former Vice Chair,National Planning Commission)Krishna Gyawali (Secretary, Ministry of Industryand Former Secretary, MoEST)

12:30-2:00 Lunch

2:00-2:202:20-2:402:40-3:003:00-3:203:00-3:503:50-4:10

Technical Session II: Climate Changeand Livelihood (Report Presentation)Impact of Climate Change on PulsesFarming in BajuraImpact of Climate Change on WaterSources and Agriculture in DangImpact of Climate Change on AppleFarming in DailekhCommentators�’ RemarksDiscussionChairperson�’s Remarks

Nimendra Shahi (Journalist, Bajura)Devika Gharti Magar (Journalist, Dang)PrakashAdhikari (Journalist, Dailekh)Dr. Madhav Karki, Deputy Director General,ICIMODDr.Ganesh Raj Joshi, Secretary, CIAA and FormerSecretary, Ministry of Agriculture

Pratima Pariyar (Jouurnalist)Krishna Pd. Sigdyal, Founder President, NEFEJKeshav Bhattarai (Secretary, MoEST)Tirtha Koirala (President, NEFEJ)

Day 1, 22 November 2012Time Activities Resposible person

4:10-4:30 Tea

Day 2: November 23, 2012

09:00-9:30 Tea

9:30-9:509:50-10:1010:10-10:3010:30-11:0011:00-11:3011:30-11:50

Technical Session III: Women andClimate Change (Report Presentation)Disaster Management in KailaliImpact of Climate Change on WomenOff Season Flooding in KailaliCommentators�’ RemarksDiscussionChairperson�’s Remarks

Pragati Shahi (Journalist, The Kathmandu Post )Pratima Pariyar (Journalist, Surkhet)Ganesh Chaudhari (Journalist, Kailali)Dr. Tirtha Bahadur Shrestha, Bio DiversityExpertDr.Arzoo Rana Deuba, Regional Councilor, IUCN

12:00-1:00 Lunch

1:00-1:201:20-1:401:40-2:002:00-2:302:30-2:50

Technical Session IV: Impact ofClimate Change (Report Presentation)Revisiting Seti Flash FloodImpact ofClimate Change on Paddy Farming inKailaliCommentators�’RemarksDiscussionChairperson�’s Remarks

Abdullah Miya (Journalist, Kantipur Daily)Dhurba Basnet (Journalist, NEFEJ)Ajay Mani Dixit, Executive Director, ISET-NepalRajendra Dahal (Journalist)

2:50-3:20 Tea

3:20-4:30 Closing Session:Learning from the workshopClosing RemarksChief Guest RemarksChairperson�’s Remarks

S.N. Name Organization Designation

1. Ajay Sharma Gorkhapatra Reporter

2. Satish Aryal ADDCN Energy and Environment Expert

3. Ganesh Chaudhary Kantipur Reporter

4. Devika Gharti Magar Ganatantra Daily, Dang Reporter

5. Ananda Kumar Shrestha BBC Media Action Senior Producer

6. Bishnu Thakali WEPCO President

7. Deependra Kshetry NPC Vice Chairperson

8. Shanker Poudel Rupantaran Nepal PES Coordinator

9. Prakash Adhikari NEFEJ Member

10. Pratima Ranjit DFID Programme Manager

11. Biku RamTajale Aankhijhyal NEFEJ Cameraman

12. Purna Hari Amatya NEFEJ Treasurer

13. Batu Uprety NEFEJ Associate Member

14. Shiva Gaunle FNJ President

15. Chakra Pani Sharma MOFALD Under Secretary

16. Tirtha Bahadur Shrestha NEFEJ Associate Member

17. Vinod Gautam MoEST Section Officer

18. Jitendra Raut BBC Senior Producer

19. Basundhara Bhattarai University of Melbourne PhD Researcher

20. Dr. D. Rijal NCCSP-SUP

21. Jyoti Shah Avenues Television Reporter

22. Sabin Sharma Rajdhani Daily Reporter

23. Yogendra Chitrakar ECCA Director

24. Dr. Sunil Babu Shrestha NEFEJ

25. Prakash Adhikaari Kantipur Reporter

26. Nimendra Shahi RSS Reporter

27. Pratima Pariyar Kakrebihar Daily Reporter

28. Upendra Phuyal ADB TA 7948 Development Consultant

29. Dominic O'Neil DFID Head

30. Khadga Sendu NSET Advocacy Manager

31. C.B. Adhikari RSS Reporter

32. Mohan Man Sainju IIDS Chairperson

33. Ishana Thapa BCN Senior Conservation Officer

34. Abdullah Miya Kantipur Daily Reporter

35. Gokul D. Tamang Aankhijhyal NEFEJ Reporter

National Workshop on Reporting Climate Change

(Support to Mountain Initiative of Government of Nepal)

November 22-23, 2012

List of Participants

Day 1: November 22, 2012

36. Chandra Kanta Pandit Aankhijhyal NEFEJ Reporter

37. Deepak Acharya CIN Programme Chief

38. Pradeep Chapagain NTV News Editor

39. Timila Dhakwa Small Earth Nepal ICIMOD Youth Ambassador to COP 18

40. Pawan Shah Sancharika Samuha Member

41. Madan Koirala Tribhuwan University

42. Ram Charitra Shah CEPHED Executive Director

43. Ranjan Shrestha European Union

44. Amber Mainali European Union Press Officer

45. Nagendra Lamsal NEFEJ Media Officer

46. Keshav Raj Kandel Resource Economist and policy analyst

47. Suresh Sharma Image Channel

48. Dr. Dinesh C. Devkota CDES, TU

49. Pradeep Bhattarai Avenues TV Editor-in-chief

50. Kalanidhi Devkota

51. Rudra Pangeni The Himalayan Times

52. Dipa Dahal Radio Kantipur Reporter

53. Sailendra Kharel Freelance Photgrapher

54. Tirtha Koirala NEFEJ President

55. Tapanath Shukla Radio Nepal Executive Director

56. Pragati Shahi The Kathmandu Post Reporter

57. Sabita Thapa DFID CC Advisor

58. Shyam Bhatta Nagarik Senior Correspondent

59. Dil Bahadur Forest Action

60. Arjun Dhakal NEFEJ Member

61. Urmila Shakya Radio Sagarmatha Reporter

62. Laxman Kandel WWF Intern

63. Anisha Bajracharya Pradhan UNSW PhD Student

64. Ramesh Bhusal Republica Special Correspondent

65. Keshab Man Shakya MoEST Minister

66. Dhurba Basnet NEFEJ General Secretary

67. Tika Bandhan Nepal Samacharpatra Reproter

68. Ajay Dixit ISET-Nepal Executive Director

69. Ramesh Khadka NEFEJ

70. Sahanshila Sharma Sancharika Samuha Board Member

71. Juddha Bahadur Gurung NTNC Member Secretary

72. Subash C. Khanal WCN Nature Interpreter

73. Prakash Rimal NEFEJ Vice President

74. Kosmos Biswokarma NEFEJ Member

75. Mohan Bista NEFEJ Member

76. Laxman Adhikari NEFEJ Member

77. Laxman Upreti NEFEJ Coordinator

78. Aamod Dixit NESET Programme Director

79. Binaya Banjara Abhiyan Daily

80. Shailendra Govinda Amatya Avenues TV

81. Dr. T.P. Barakoti NARC Senior Scientist

82. Sita Tripathi MoAD Agricultural Economist

83. Niru Gurung Forest Action Nepal Research Officer

84. Ganesh Joshi CIAA Secretary

85. Madhav Karki ICIMOD Deputy Director General

86. Dipak Aryal Radio Sagarmatha Reporter

Day 2: November 23, 2012S.N. Name Organization Designation

1. Ram Joshi

2. Tirtha Koirala NEFEJ President

3. Tanka P. Barakoti NARC Senior Scientist

4. Bhola Man Singh Basnet NARC's Retiree

5. Prakash Rimal NEFEJ Vice President

6. Sangeeta Lama NEFEJ Member

7. Keshav Bhattarai MoEST Secretary

8. Krishna P. Sigdyal NEFEJ Hon. Member

9. Laxman Upreti NEFEJ Coordinator

10. K.P. Sharma JVS

11. Deepak Acharya CIN Programme Chief

12. Abdullah Miya Kantipur Reporter

13. Devika Gharti Magar Ganatantra National Daily Reporter

14. Prakash Adhikary Kantipur Reporter

15. Barsha Manadhar Eco-Nepal Programme Officer

16. Batu Uprety NEFEJ Member

17. Pratima Pariyar Surkhet Reporter

18. Niru Gurung Forest Action Research Officer

19. Basundhara Bhattarai University of Melbourne PhD Researcher

20. Biku Ram Tajale Aankhijhyal NEFEJ Cameraperson

21. Shyam Bhatta Nagarik Senior Correpondent

22. Tika Bandhan Nepal Samcharpatra Reproter

23. Krishna Adhikari NEFEJ Member

24. Rajendra Dahal Shikshak Monthly Editor

25. Ajaya Dixit ISET-Nepal Executive Director

26. Dhurba Basnet NEFEJ General Secretary

27. Prateek Bhandary NEFEJ Member

28. Purna Hari Amatya NEFEJ Treasurer

29. Rojy Joshi NEFEJ Secretariat Officer

30. Ajay Sharma Gorkhapatra Reporter

31. Ganesh Chaudhary Kantipur Reporter

32. Nimendra Shahi RSS Reporter

33. Satish Aryal ADDCN Energy and environment expert

34. Yogendra Chitrakar ECCA Director

35. Mohan Man Sainju IIDS Chair

36. Laxman Kandel WWF Intern

37. Jagan Natha Shrestha NEFEJ Associate Member

38. Jyoti Shah Avenues Television Reporter

39. Sailendra Kharel VoicetoExpress.com Freelance Photographer

40. Sita Tripathi MoAD Agricultural Economist

41. Arzoo Rana Deuba IUCN Regional Councilor

42. Arjun Dhakal NEFEJ Member

82. Nagendra Lamsal NEFEJ Media Officer

83. Urmila Shakya Radio Sagarmatha Reporter

84. Subash C. Kharelq WCN Nature Interpreter

85. Binaya Banjara Abhiyan Daily

86. Pragati Shahi The Kathmandu Post Reporter

87. Tirtha Bahadur Shrestha NEFEJ Associate Member

88. Chandra Kanta Pandit Aankhijhyal NEFEJ Reporter

89. Dr. Deepak Rijal NCCSP-SVP

90. Sushma Shrestha BCN

91. Kosmos Biswokarma NEFEJ Member

92. Mohan Bista NEFEj Member