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German Geopolitics II. Nazi Geopolitics. Rural Landscape & Highway as Signs of National Identity. Karl Haushofer The Man Behind the Curtain. Father of English Geopolitics Mackinder: 1861-1947 Father or Nazi ‘Geopolitik’ Haushofer: 1869-1946 Same age, same dilemmas, different approaches. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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German Geopolitics II.
Nazi Geopolitics
Rural Landscape & Highway as Signs of National Identity
Karl HaushoferThe Man Behind the Curtain
• Father of English Geopolitics
• Mackinder: 1861-1947
• Father or Nazi ‘Geopolitik’
• Haushofer: 1869-1946
• Same age, same dilemmas,
• different approaches
His Life
• Studied Political sciences in Sweden at Rudolf Kjellén in 1891
• Then military-diplomatic career:• German Military Attache to Tokyo 1908-1910• Close relation with Japanese Emperor’s family• Close study of Japanese traditions and
problems, future alliance system• Annexation of Korea• Japanese Leader Tradition
Military Career
• WWI
• General of Artillery
• He had a soldier named Rudolf Hess
• Experience of war, experience of other European nations
• Comparism of War and Peace (Realism)
Scientific Career and Munich
• Munich in the twenties HQs of the NSDAP established as a Bavarian regional party
• Haushofer back to the University in Munich Japanese studies dissertation
• 1921 establishing Geopolitical Institut• He had a student called Rudolf Hess• ‘Beer Hall Revolt’ 1923• Hiding Hess and Hitler sharing his ideas with
them, visiting them in the jail• 1924 establishing Geopolitical Journal
(definitions of a science)
Good Relations with NSDAP
• Hess, Hitler, Goebbels, Ribbentrop, Himler• Similarities: against neighbours, revenge
for WWI, conservative, militarist traditions• Haushofer as ex Imperial General
introduced Nazi leaders to German and Swiss high society
• Haushofer: real author of Hitler’s books• ‘Mein Kampf’ and ‘Second Book’ with
exatly his early ideas
‘Geopolitik’ Became a Pillar of Nazi Ideology & International Relations:
• (more details and data from History of Diplomacy)
• Lebensraum
• Autarchy
• Pan Regions
• Naval and Land (Continental) Powers
• Borders
The Role of (Mass)Communication
• Zeitcshrift für Geopolitics: 750 000 copies per year
• Literature: Nation without Space• Radio: Haushofer had weekly speeches
(def. of soap opera)• Head of German Publishing Company• Science and Communication 2 levels• The entire German nation accepted the
ideas (propaganda)
His Ideas Forming International Relations
• ‘Shopping List’ expansion in Eu and Worldwide• Organiser of Munich Conference in 1938
(Czechoslovakia), his son draw the new borders of Europe
• Supporter of Ribentrop-Molotov pact 1939• Organiser of Italian-Japanese-German-
Hungarian alliance system (similar problems, need for space, WWI experience)
Career and Success in Various Levels
• Science
• Military
• Political
• Political Adviser in International relations
• Communication
• Thomas Mann: General Dr. von Staat
• 1946 Nürnberg trial