Geological Field Report of Gilgit Baltistan By Arsalan Khan

7/26/2019 Geological Field Report of Gilgit Baltistan By Arsalan Khan

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Field report of Gilgit Baltistan

By

Arsalan Khan, Ijaz Ahmad, Waqarullah, Zia ulIslam,and Zakirullah

Bechalor of Bs (Hons) Geology

Submitted

To

ir Azeem shah, ir Qaseem-u-Rehmanand,

ir Usman Azhar.

DEP !T"E#T $F GE$%$G&' # *E!S T& $F H ! P !' +H&BE! P +HT #+H, ' P + ST #-

.une' /012

1


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3/43

3+#$,%EDGE"E#T4

We have no words to express our deepest sense of gratitude to Almighty Allah, the most

merciful, the most beneficent, who bestowed us the courage to complete this Field Report, and

cordial gratitude to the prophet Muhammad (S A W ! who is forever a torch bearer of light for entire

humanity

After that we wish to express deepest sense of than"fulness to our honourable #$ of

%&' to give us permission for the field We are than"ing full to the department of eology of

%niversity of 'aripur for the endless support and encroachment

We are extremely than"ful to '&) Sir Muhammad Fawad and Faculty member Sir

*aseem+u+Rehman, Sir A eem shah and Sir %sman A har for their hard wor" and grace full

efforts

$ountless than"s are extended to the geologist of )asu )am pro-ect and also great full

to the Senior eologist, )r.hsanullah of /hasha dam to share their precious "nowledge and

informative "nowledge about the dam0s and dam areas And also than" full to the 1ohistan

and other cities police for their co+operation

We express our heartly emotions of gratitude to all our friends Mr 2ard Ali "han, Mr

/ilal 1han, Mr Mohammad Shoaib, Mr %mar 1hayam, Mr i-a 1han, Mr 3asir 1han

A eemi

4ast but not the least, we would feel incomplete without than"ing our parents, brothers,

loving sisters and all family members who prayed for our brilliant success and bright future

and moral support throughout our educational career

!egards4

Arsalan 1han 5 .-a Ahmad

2ia ul .slam 5 Wa6arullah

2a"irullah


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BST! 3T47he study area of ilgit 8 1ohistan is the 3orthern part of the 9a"istan, we study area

along the 11' and .ndus river geologically that area are very complex and highly deformed

areas having plats colloid one and triple -unction of the world three largest mountain series

eotectonically there are many large and observable tectonics features in the area,

main suture one, MM7, M17, 7riple -unction, 1ohistan island arc, syntaxes collision one of

.ndian and :urasian plates

eomorphologically large number of alluvial fans, hot spring, flysh deposit, mollase

deposited, point bar, mid channel bar, meandering stream Structurally small fold, faults

(ra"aposhi! and fracture in roc"s

7he pro-ect of )asu dam and /hasha dam studied along informative lecture with respect to

construction and engineering geology

9etrology of different igneous (plutonic and volcanic!, metamorphic and Meta sedimentary roc"s

with their brief mineralogy and petrology

Mainly there regionally geology having different types of roc" complexes of igneous bodies and

also different grade of metamorphic roc"s;

Mansehra granitic batholiths

Meta sedimentary roc"s of .ndian continent

)ubair granitic complex

1ohistan batholiths and 1ohistan island arc roc"

/esham complex roc"

$halt volcanoes


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7he six days field tour is conducted from @@K@D may B @I to northern 9a"istan (1ohistan+

ilgit! areas by the department of eology %3.#:RS.7< &F 'AR.9%R 7he ama ing and

fruit full tour according to the study is arranged by the '&) and Faculty for batch one

(semester D 7h ! eology

We started this special field wor" on @ ; am (@@ may B @I! of Monday from 'aripur

%niversity At first day we wor" on different location on ShahraKeKresham and at L;G pm we

reached to /esham continental hotel to spend the night, and then next early morning we

continued our tour from district Shangla towards $hillas

At B 3) day we wor" on D 7' different location along the lecture of )asu )am pro-ect geologist

&n that day field wor" done at /esham city, lower and upper 1ohistan district along 11' and

the end of the day at@@; pm we reached to Shangrilla hotel for to ma"e night rest full

7he next day (Grd

! of our field start at L;@Iam at the hotel with the lecture of )r.hsanullahabout /hasha)iamir dam and then we start field wor" at @ ; am at $hillas city /abusar top

and aglot area We studied J 7' different location roc"s petrology and brief mineralogy

)ay C 7' of field tour spend in ilgit'un a area along 11' We wor" on I different location

along 11' and reached to 'un a at B; pm then return from their and reached to palace hotel

at D; pm

7he I 7' day of our field spends fre6uently in drive 7he -ourney was very long and tried full but

also to much informative 7he location of )iamirbhasha dam seen there 7his day we came bac"

from gilgit to /esham and at @ ; pm we reached to /esham continental hotel district shangla

again

7he D th and last day of field trip at @D of May B @I we start our field wor" from /esham area

along with Mansehra granitic batholiths We studied different roc"s at three different locations


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on the way we moving toward 'aripur And finally we reached to 'aripur about G G pm

evening, and ta"en the bags and went to hostel

3limate and topographic relief of different areas 5hich 5e studied during field

tour4

&ver all weather of ilgit/altistan region is very cool and en-oyable during our field tour,

/esham area is little hotter than ilgit/altistan because of enter marginal basin area located

7he 'un a valley is most beautiful and topographically lies at higher elevated region, and

having a large number of mountain pea"s li"e 1B HD@@ m and 3angaparbat massive &verall

topography is very high We went toward about BID m high from the elevation of 'aripur in

our field wor" #egetation on mountain is high in between 'aripur and /esham region, while

in between /esham and ilgit region the vegetation on mountain is very rarely or may be

negligible, which are very helpful with respect to observed different geological features very

easily and helpful to observe roc" petrology

General geology4

7he tectonic setting of that area is highly complex and the roc"s are also highly deformed Westudied roc" of two different plates during this tour .ndian, :urasian and 1ara"orum bloc"

(minor plate! mountain series seen 7he suture one MM7 in 1ohistan separates 1 . A from

.ndian shield roc"s )ifferent metamorphosed roc"s are observed which are due to collision

/=W

.ndian and :urasian plate about I mya And some are due to igneous intrusions 7he age of 1 . A is

about L to @@ mya M$7 concept in 9a"istan is highly controversial some geologist said it

separates lesser 'imalayas from higher 'imalayas M17 thrust is separating point /=W :urasian plate and 1 . A Some flysh and mollase sediments observed along .ndus River at $hillas city 'ot

spring study along 1 1 ' near 7hatapaani area, which is due to active Rai"ot fault 7hilichi group of

bac" arc basin, and $halt volcanoes, gabbroic roc" studied at bindindas areas &bserve Aplite roc"s

near triple -unction point )iorite roc" along with dy"e intrusion near -utal area


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.ndo+9a"istan continent on the south and subducted under the :urasian 9latform along the

northern mega shears

7he northern mega shear along 'ini+$halt+


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topographic scenario of the region, .ndus, gilgit and 'un a river along with their numerous

tributaries drain the area

9opulation is spare and restricted by irrigated plain amidst rugged ranges ilgit,

$hillas, 'un a and S"ardu is main district, All area suited on the world famous 1ara"orum

'ighway (11'! 7he 11' is metalled and all weather road, but temporary road bloc" are

common due to roc" sliding and mudflow

7he study area from a part of "ohistan terrain which sand witched between the .ndian

plate to the south and 1ara"orum (micro continental! and Asian plates to the north

F E%D DES3! PT $#S4

Geography of the rea4

We start our study tour from 'aripur to 'un a We wor" and travel along 11' of total distance is

about DC "m approximately on "ora"uram highways We can stay some days to reaching 'un a at

different location /esham, $hillas and ilgit

Actual distance between 'aripur to Abbotabad GC"m, Abbotabad to /esham @IC"m,

/esham to $hillas B "m, $hillas to ilgit @CI"m and ilgit to 'un a @ I"m

So we write our description of each and every stop with details as following;

D & 6 1 st 4

.n day first we study along shaheraresham in disttMansehra and batgram and we stay at/esham continental hotel

Stop 1

4ocation; Ahal city

$oordinates; GCNG IH 3 GJ N@ IJ :1 3 0 8

:levation; @BDJm


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Geotectonically4

According to some people the M$7 mar"ed their, but M$7 is very controversial in

9a"istan 9eoples says that the highly metamorphosed crystalline roc" separated by M$7 from

deformed roc"s in this area &n the other hand some people said that batal fault and oghi shear

one indicate M$7 there

Petrology and "ineralogy4

7his one called oghi shear one or oghi thrust 7he felsic intrusion of granodiorite observed

there have highly deformed

$bser7ation4

Fine grain roc" compare to granite showing white colour minerals greater than blac"

colour minerals 7he roc" we called granodiorite .t lies in between felsic (granite! and

intermediate (diorite! 7he blac" colour minerals are present in greater amount from granitic

roc" 7he granodiorite shows the mafic minerals is @ to BI O, 6uart present about greater

than B O, and plagioclase , oligoclase are also present, due to shear one, these are crushed

Structurally4

4arge number of fractures are small faults are present in this area 7he roc"s are highly

deformed due to high stresses /atal fault are present there

Geology4

7he shear one having foliated minerals because of metamorphism which have highly

deformation And form different grade of metamorphic roc"s


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Stop /4

4ocation; 3ear Ahal city &ghiMansehra

After some distance travels from Ahal city we study the main &ghi shear one or thrust along

road saide

Tectonically4

7his area is also highly deformed and having high vegetation above the roc", that area called

the main shear thrust


7hese areas mainly contain granitic roc", which are highly crushed We studied

granodiorite in this region 7he granitic batholiths formed different types of roc"s at different

temperature and pressure at different places in the area


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Stop 684

4ocation; shaipur chatter near charcoal 11'

$oordinates; GCN GJPG Q3 JGNIPIDQ:4 Petrology and

"ineralogy4

We observed mostly metamorphic roc"s mineral in this region 7he minerals are found

in elongated form in the roc" due to the high grade of metamorphism 7he segregation foundin these roc"s 7he dar" and light band of minerals is separated with their colour 7he 6uart

and feldspar ma"e light band, while biotite or other mafic minerals having dar" band

alternatively Muscovite mica is present ,so we called it gnesis but when we observed the roc"s

on the basis of texture, shape, colour and composition, it explain that the host roc"s are

igneous(felsic!or granitic roc" .f a roc" is igneous basically and recrystalli ed and developed

gniesosity we called it orthogenesis


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D & 6 / nd 4

&n this day we study different roc" in /esham city and district lower and upper

1ohistan area along 11' Six different places we studied on this day, and the lecture about

)asu dam also conducted

Stop 6 14

4ocation; near /esham continental hotel /esham district Shangla

$oordinates; G NII GL L 3 JBNIB GC L :

:4:#A7.&3; @CLC m

Geology of the area4

Mainly the area covered by medium to high grade metamorphic roc" have

some patches of Aplite also observed in the roc", all roc" of area usually @H Mya age of

9recambrian 7he most roc" is metamorphosed due to the 'imalayas orogeny


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Mainly dominated 6uart mineral and some feldspar exist in veins at right side of area

having creamish color mainly cover by weather surface, other roc" mentioned below

Schist4

(Medium grade metamorphic roc"! schist observe at near 6uart veins have schistosity

developed and mineralogy having 6uart , feldspar, micas with some blac" color mafic mineral

which indicate high grade schist Schist has graphitic because of large number of graphite

mineral And show /lac"ish color

Paragnesis roc94

'igh grade metamorphosed roc" genesis found the area which have light and dar"

color banding, due to high temperature no foliation present in the roc" 7he host roc" of

genesis is sedimentary so we called it 9aragnesis

$rthogenesis4

At Some places our group member observed at have Aplite or granitic roc" which was

metamorphosed to orthogenesis

plite4

.gneous felsic roc" aplite existed at left side nearest side to /$ hotel Which have li"e

granitic composition but have fine grain texture compare to granite our teacher told us the

properties indicate that it is Aplite


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Tectonics4

&ver all /esham complex have very complex roc" lithology granitic, Aplite, amphibole,

genesis, schist or other metasedimentaryroc"

Metamorphism is caused by 'imalaya orogeny contact observed at different roc"


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Stop 6 /4

4ocation; near to /esham Area 1ohistan

$oordinates; GCNIJ GC G 3JBNIB CH @ :

:levation; JIH m

.n this Stop we studied some roc" petrology, mineralogy and also some wor" on mapping of the

area related with field geology


7he characteristic observe in the roc" are mostly high grade metamorphosed having

crystalline and coarse grains minerals genisosity founded in the roc" Mineral observed 6uarts in

large amount with micas 7hat roc" is called 9aragnesis intruded by some 6uart veins

Field geology (tra7erse and e:posure mapping)4

We have base map having contour lines of the area we practice to mar"s our own

location through 9S data we seen or observe the over burden existed on the roc" along road

side

Stop 6 8

4ocation; )ubair i-al complex 1ohistan

$oordinate; GCNB @L D 3JBNIC G @ :

:levation; J@D m

7he felsic and intermediate roc" existed their which is called granodiorite


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/iotite, 6uart and feldspar minerals are observed in the roc" Amphibole minerals

start to developed the development of amphibole indicate the roc" type granodiorite .ts

contain 6uart and feldspar near I +II O that roc" give named diorite

Tectonic4

Main mantle thrust or suture one existed in these area which separate granodiorite

from ultramafic roc" the main mantle thrust located between our stop G and stop C in day

B which we can t observe but sir told us about it Age; 9recambrian

Stop 6 ;4

4ocation; starting of 1ohistan island arc

$oordinate; GINB C I 3JBNID GJ L :


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:levation; LGDm

Tectonic4

7he i-al complex and 1 . A start from that stop the MM7 located beside the stop toward

/esham


7he mineral observed light green giving vitreous color olivine or dar" green pyroxene in the

roc" mainly the i-al complex covered by ultramafics roc" but these area covered by

peridotite peridotite have coarse grain intrusive igneous roc" 7eacher said us that roc" is

mafic but actual name give after thin section studied

Stop 6 24

4ocation; 9atten valley 1ohistan $oordinate;

GINC G JQ3 JBNIJ GG @ :


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7he mineral observed pyroxene , olivine , plagioclase (ca! , garnet in the roc" mostly

showing host roc" peridotite and the mineral show recrystalli ation at very high grade which

have most of mineral are mafic and alteration occur due to weathering cause

serpentini ation the overall texture and mineralogy indicate that it was granulites roc"

metamorphosed from ultra mafic roc"

Tectonics and Petrology of +- - 4

1ohistan island arc was formed due to the collision of two plate closing the 7ethys

ocean now it is existed between .ndian plate and :urasian the age of 1 . A are approximately

L +@ I Mya it is located in 1ohistan extent to $hillas district the roc" existed is mainly

ultramafics roc" of peridotitegabbros, gabbroic norite, and having metamorphism is occur at

some places forming genesis granulites, diapsoide occurring in the surface

ABOVE PIC HOST ROCK ULTRAMAFIC HAVE METAMORPHOSED INTO

GRANULITE

Stop 6

.n the world there are three largest mountain series combine in the area called triple -unction the 'imalayas ,1ara"oram and 'indu"ush are the three mountain series in this


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area At this area .ndus river called lion river meet with gilgit river the .ndus river excited

before the mountain formed 7he afghan bloc" and indian plate collide and form hindu"ush

When "ora"uram bloc" collide with .ndian plate created 1ara"orum series and the collision

of .ndian :urasian plate formed 'imalaya0s series


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D& 6 ; th 4

Stop 6 14

4ocation; utal Area ilgit""h

$oordinate; GINIL BJ I 3 JCN@L GB L :

:levation @IBB m

)ue to cutting for road we found fresh surface of roc" observed there and in this area the

diorite intruded into gabbroic roc"s and some veins also observed

Petrology and mineralogy4

Gabbros4 the characteristic was mentioned in other stop have the part of "ohistanbatholoth

existed in surrounding area

Diorite4

)iorite pitches or dy"es mainly observe there &livine mineral existed in small amount 6uart

not existed, amphibole existed in that roc"s Mica present in silver colour, small amount of

feldspar existed in diorite *uart veins observes having 6uart feldspar


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Alluvial fan deposits observed there and the ba-ada of alluvial fans observed at which

there have high vegetation on it, and now nomal city developed on ba-ada fans Moraines

deposited observed at the front of some gorge in this mountain region

Engineering geology4

With respect to engineering geology the housing on alluvial fans are dangerous And the slope on

mountain is very high and it may cause damage to the residential area

Stop684

4ocation; aglot ilgit

$oordinate; GDN@ B D 3 JCN@J DC :

:levation; @DJ@m


7he series of $halt volcanoes start from there 7he basaltic roc"s observed at this

location Some places the green schist farcies developed due to low grade metamorphism their


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chlorite mineral developed C O dar" minerals existed in this roc"s some amount of mica,

6uart , feldspar *uart amount is low

Stop 6;4

4ocation; Si"andarabad ilgit

Tectonics4

7he plates collision point is located there, about CI+II mya ago the .ndian plate colloidwith :urasian plate and created 'imalayas series mainly developed on .ndian plate at this

both plates roc" existed


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7he metamorphic roc"s observed their but not chec"ed with hcl , to chec" its origin

its 6uart ite or marble formed from sedimentary roc"s of dolomite or limestone 7heir existed

contacts between $halt volcano and


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Stop 6 24

4ocation; 11' Si"andarabad

$oordinate; GDN @C @I D 3 JBN@L GI C :

:levation; @HGGm

Tectonic4

M17 boundary pointed there by some people between plutonic roc"s and


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D& 6 2 th

Stop 614

4ocation; )iamirbhasha dam

7he lecture about this location was conducted in shangrila hotel by )r.hsanullah We observe the

site of dam and their feature

D &6 < th 4

Stop 6 14

4ocation; 3ear /esham city /eshamshangla

$oordinate; GCNIB @@ G 3 JBNII BC I :

:levation; D@Jm


Metasedimentary roc"s covered by vegetation in /esham area the outcrop 7he roc"

surface is highly weathered 7he roc"s of /esham complex 6uart ite observed in the area

intruded by granite or some other veins


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Stop 6 /4

4ocation; Ma"i mas-id Mewa

$oordinate; GCN I CJ D 3 JBNIH BH :

:levation; J@@m


Sedimentary roc"s metamorphosed at some places gnesis developed 6uart veins intruded it

formed complex lithology 7he schist in area exist in three different form 7here may observe

graphic schist, carbonate schist, and 6uart ite schist from outcrop and samples

Structure geology4


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7ha"ot fault existed in this area

Stop 6 84

4ocation; shin-ibala

$oordinate; GCNC@ J @Q3 JBNIL BG CQ:

:levation; LDBm

Petrology and mineralogy4

Roc"s give homogeneous loo" overall &riginally it is part of Mansehra batholiths which are

metamorphosed .t was high grade metamorphic roc"s gnesis developed and is due to

minerals elongation 7he lens li"e structure developed in this roc"s texture and the genesisty

or segregation also developed we give it name orthogenesis or special named augenesis


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3$#3% S $#4

.t was very special field for us studying tectonic of the /esham, $hillas, and 1ohistan+

ilgit area

9etrology of Mansehra, &ghi, /atgram, /esham81ohistan (upper lower! $hillas,

ilgit roc" and wor" on it 7he main roc" were peridotite, dunite, gabbros, gabbronorite,

pegmatite, 6uart vein, basalt, diorite, granodiorite, hornblendite and granite

Metamorphic roc" observed there were 9hylite, schist, gnesis, 6uart ite and

granolitestructurally observe different faults, folds features

eomorphologically observed stream morphology alluvial fans, land sliding eotectonically

if the area different thrusting passed from this area MM7, M$7, M17 triple -unction, plate collision

one etc

Mapping can do at different area location of 1ohistan along roadside


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7wo lectures about )asu dam pro-ect and/asha dam with the senior geologist and mainly

some roc"s intruded some megmati ed some metamorphosed and chec" all texture, and

composition

Mineralogy we observed there were 6uart feldspar, garnet, micas, chlorite, diapsoide, hornblende,

olivine, pyroxene, amphibole and plagioclase

Documents

Geological Field Report of Gilgit Baltistan By Arsalan Khan