Gardening Presentation Final

8/12/2019 Gardening Presentation Final

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Begin Your Food Garden



Why We Grow FoodWhy We Grow Food

● Provide for the LarderProvide for the Larder

● Improve HealthImprove Health

● Good ExerciseGood Exercise

● Improve BudgetImprove Budget

● Resist ShortagesResist Shortages

●

Resist InflationResist Inflation

● Living ProvidentlyLiving Providently

● Part of Establishing ZionPart of Establishing Zion



Words from the Brethren

● “We are most grateful for the

excellent response by the people

of the Church to our urging that

gardens be planted and that fruit

trees be cultivated and our placescleaned up and made more

livable.”

- Spencer W. Kimball (1976)

●

“The day may come when we willlive on what we produce”

–Marion G. Romney

● “We encourage you to be more

self-reliant so that, as the Lord has

declared, “notwithstanding the

tribulation which shall descend

upon you, … the church may

stand independent above all other

creatures beneath the celestial

world” (D&C 78:14). The Lord

wants us to be independent and

self-reliant because these will be

days of tribulation. He has warned

and forewarned us of the

eventuality.”

- Ezra Taft Benson (1980)



“When we conclude to make a Zion we will make it, and this work commences in the

heart of each person. When the father of a family wishes to make a Zion in his own

house, he must take the lead in this good work, which it is impossible for him to do

unless he himself possesses the spirit of Zion. Before he can produce the work of

sanctification in his family, he must sanctify himself, and by this means God can help

him to sanctify his family (DBY, 118).”

“The Lord has done his share of the work; he has surrounded us with elements

containing wheat, meat, flax, wool, silk, fruit, and everything with which to build up,

beautify and glorify the Zion of the last days, and it is our business to mould these

elements to our wants and necessities, according to the knowledge we now have andthe wisdom we can obtain from the heavens through our faithfulness. In this way will

the Lord bring again Zion upon the earth, and in no other (DBY, 294).”

“There is not one thing wanting in all the works of God’s hands to make a Zion upon

the earth when the people conclude to make it. We can make a Zion of God on earth

at our pleasure, upon the same principle that we can raise a field of wheat, or buildand inhabit. There has been no time when the material has not been here from which

to produce corn, wheat, etc, and by the judicious management and arrangement of

this ever-existing material a Zion of God can always be built on the earth. (DBY,

118)”

Teachings of Brigham Young Manual, Ch. 16, pp 10-12



Basic Food Storage Amounts

For One Year

● 400 lbs of Grains

● 60 lbs of Beans and Legumes

● 60 lbs of Sugars

● 20 lbs of Fats

● 16 lbs Dry Skim Milk

●

8 lbs Salt

Per Day

● 17.5 oz Grains

● 2.6 oz Beans and Legumes

● 2.6 oz Sugars

● .87 oz Fats

● .7 oz Dry Skim Milk

● .35 oz Salt

Food Storage will only go so far as to keep a person alive, but not

active; gardens extend and replenish a food storage program

Home Storage Center's Recommended Amounts



Planning Ahead

● In the early spring, plan your

garden for the seasons ahead

● Research how much space each

plant needs, how much

sunlight is needed, and if yourplanned garden area can

provide that

● Ensure your planned garden is

protected from pests, varmints,and predators

● Discuss which foods you would

like to eat, which ones you'd

like to try



Plant Pathology

● Plant seeds at a depth 3X the

size of the seed

● Root systems respond to water

saturation

● Plants manufacture their own

food (glucose) by using water,

sunlight, CO2, and nutrients

●

By using the plant's naturalgrowth, and pruning

methodically, most plants can

be trained to grow in certain

ways; i.e. espaliers



Genetically Modified Crops (GMO's)

● Plants that are genetically alteredor spliced to gain an attribute not

possible in the original species

● Advantages such as higher yields,

disease resistance, etc.

● Not recommended for the home

garden as these plants are

copyrighted; meaning that seed

costs are very high and saving

seed probably not possible orillegal not cost effective for

domestic gardens

● Some concerns about long-term

effects on people and cross-

pollination



Plant Hardiness ZonesPlant Hardiness Zones

● Certain plants, especiallyCertain plants, especially

perennials, will only live inperennials, will only live in

certain temperature zonescertain temperature zones

●

Plant Hardiness ZoningPlant Hardiness ZoningMaps help with planningMaps help with planning

what can be done with awhat can be done with a

gardengarden

● Average first/last frostAverage first/last frostdates must also bedates must also be

considered: May 18considered: May 18thth

September 29thSeptember 29th



Plant Light Requirements

● Plants use light to create

their own food (glucose)

through Photosynthesis

●

Plants utilize visible light;between the blue-red

spectrum

● Check for lighting

requirements of each planttype some need full sun (6-

10 hours), part sun (3-6

hours) or shade (1-3 hours)



Weather

● Use of irrigation and other methods

has reduced dependency on weather

to grow gardens

● Severe weather is still an issue, and

light rains are still needed

● High winds, sudden temperature

changes, hail and early freezes can

ruin entire gardens

● Weather is very unpredictable, even

for NOAA supercomputers

● Check 3-day forecasts and look with

your own eyes to determine what

must be done with your garden; look

online for plans for homemade

weather instruments



Air Pollution

● Plants breathe in through theirleaves most of what we consider

air pollution: that's why pollution

is more evident in wintertime

● Plants thrive on carbon dioxide,

water vapor, and smoke

particulates

● Pine tree cones will not open and

seeds not germinate without fire

heat and smoke● Plants are harmed by ozone

pollution: ozone (O3) is a

disinfectant to all carbon-based

life; O3 decays quickly in water

vapor



Types of Gardens

● There are a ot of waysto grow a garden

● Gardens can have morethan just food; f owers,medicina herbs, etc

● !ac"yard gardens are abig advantage to fami ies

●

#ommunity $hareGardens are a sopopu ar where space isscarce and is a greatway to fe owship



Traditional Garden

● Utilizes the soil already

present on a property

● May need a lot of

improvements to creategood, arable soil (loam)

● Can grow a lot more

food per square inchthan any other method



Raised Bed Gardens

● Raised beds are good for

intensive gardening with hand

tools

● Necessary for places with mole

problems (attach hardwarecloth underneath)

● Easy to maneuver around and

is attractive

● Burying strips of sod, right-side

up, one foot under the topsoil

will maximize garden

production for decades



Container Gardens

● Helpful for those renting, have

little space, or wish to

maximize their space by

growing where there is no soil

● Most any container withsuitable drainage can be used

● Bucket gardens and raised beds

are the two most popular

methods

● Growing directly in a bag of

compost is useful



French Method

● Mixing edible plants

and decorative flowers

in a landscape plan is

commonly referred toas the 'French Method'

● This is an excellent way

to keep certain fruitsand vegetables in the

front yard



Indoor Gardens

● Citrus, aloe vera, and othertropical plants do well indoors;

very useful for growing foods

in the wintertime

●

A commercial system with redto blue spectrum lights can be

very expensive

● To grow indoors on a budget,

get “daylight' florescent bulbs;provide plenty of space

● Water regularly



Victory Gardens

● A response to rationing and

shortages during World War's 1

and 2, along with other times in

history

●

Victory Gardens require intensivegrowing and maximum food

production grown anywhere there

is soil; no flowers or non-food

producing plants

● Growing flowers in a VictoryGarden during wartime was

actually illegal in WWII Britain

it carried a hefty fine, and a

possible prison sentence





Clay Soil Improvements

● Clay soil is abundant in

West Valley and can be

improved● Add sand and compost, or

sand and peat moss

● Adding sand to clay will not

turn the soil to “concrete” as

concrete requires high

amounts of slaked lime

●

Aerate before planting



Soil pH and Liming

● Acid soil is natural in nature

created by chemical forces

of soil decomposition

● Acidic soil retains nutrients

and starves plants

● Adding hydrated lime

releases the nutrients

● Chances are good that nopH testign is needed for

West Valley soils add lime

anyway



Soil Salinity

● Utah is notorious for high

soil salinity (salted soils)

● To remove saline, the soil

must be washed in binswith hot water; drain out

the salty water separate

from the soil

● Salt reclaimed from theground can be refined and

used as normal salt



Soil Erosion● Erosion is topsoil depletion by either

water or wind

● Caused by a lack of vegetation on

slopes, or by lack of vegetation the

year round

●

If a garden is to rest, it's best to planta green mulch of winter rye, grass,

etc. that will be tilled in the following

year do not allow it to go to seed or

grow over 1 year

●

Build horizontal terraces on contoursgreater than 8 degrees

● The dust bowl of 1935-1940 is the

costliest disaster in US history: 30,000

killed; 2.5 million displaced; damage

in $ is still unknown



Water and Irrigation

● An irrigation system is necessaryfor today's modern gardens

● Can be expensive to water larger

gardens on utility water

●

A simple, cheap irrigation systemcan be home built

● Harvesting rainwater is a good

money saving activity

● Rainwater cannot be potable

unless its been filtered and treated

● Harvesting rainwater is now legal

in Utah; sign up online for a FREE

water right up to 2,500 gallons



Sample of Water Right's Web Page



Garden Construction and

Maintenance● After planning what kind

of garden will work for a

home, and preparing all

the support for the plants;

start creating your garden

● Many simple tools and

methods can keep costs

down and provide plentyof return for the work





Powered Tools for Gardening

● When gardens expand, hand

tools may not be enough to

keep up with the work load

● Most powered garden tools

can be purchased for a good

price at Deseret Industries,

or can be built at home.

●

www.vintageprojects.comhas free yard and tractor

plans

S dBdP ti



Seed Bed Preparation



Fertilizing

● After preparing the seed bed,

add fertilizer to the top; the

nutrients will leech into the

soil from the top down

● Fertilizer comes in chemical

forms, manure, compost,

and fireplace ashes

● In fall, turn over the finishedbed with some more

fertilizer getting mixed in



Fertilizer Facts

● Fertilizer is not plant food: it's the multivitamins

that plants use to produce the foods we eat

● Lack of fertilizers has historically led to long-term

famines, dust bowls, and ends of states and nations

● In 1945, the British Government stated in an

internal memo that food production had stalled

due to intensive cropping and lack of all kinds offertilizers. If VE-Day did not come that year,

Britain would've faced a full-blown famine and

surrendered to the Axis Forces



Transplanting

●

Grow seedlings early in the yearand use them for transplanting

● Especially good for growing warm

climate crops in colder areas

●

Transplant seedlings into pots,and a month later transplant into

the garden

● Transplant potted plants into

larger pots 1 inch deeper, and 1

inch wider than previouscontainer

● Growing indoors under lights is

very hard to get viable transplants;

best to grow seedlings outside



Greenhouse● A greenhouse is a heated

enclosure used to grow plants

year round

● Excellent for seedlings,

transplants, citrus or any plants

that do not grow in ourtemperature zone

● Can be made of cheap

materials such as PVC pipes,

lumber, plastic lined withbubble wrap

● Heating costs might be

expensive



Cold Frame and Hot Bed

● A cold frame is a greenhousewith no heater; good for

starting seedlings early by

protecting them from frost

● A hot bed is a cold frame

with plenty of manure under

a 6 inch layer of topsoil; the

decaying material and

sunlight heats the bed

● A set of old windows or clear

plastic, and some lumber

will make a good frame



Cloches and Tunnels

● Most homes might not havethe space for a greenhouse or

cold frame

● Cloches and tunnels are a

great greenhouse-replacementmethod to extend growing

seasons

● Most cloches are inexpensive

to make out of waste materials● Great way to start transplants

such as tomatoes and

cucumbers



Weeding

● Weeds are any plants growingin an undesirable location;

most are native or invasive

plants

● Invasive plants are non-nativespecies that have no natural

predators

● Weeding removes competition

of nutrients and space for crops● Do not allow weeds to go to

seed: one year of germinated

weeds is seven years of weeding



MulchingMulching

● Mulches help gardensMulches help gardens

fight off weeds, retainfight off weeds, retain

moisture, and addsmoisture, and adds

nutrientsnutrients● Mulches can be woodMulches can be wood

chips, compost,chips, compost,

newspaper, grassnewspaper, grassclippings, straw, or anyclippings, straw, or any

other slow to degradeother slow to degrade

organic materialsorganic materials



No-Till Gardening

●

The trend in agriculture today isto not till the entire acreage

anymore, but just the immediate

place where a seed is bedded

● Previous plants left on top to

naturally decompose

● Good for preventing soil erosion,

avoid the need to bring in mulch,

retains nutrients and water

● Requires sterile soils: free ofweeds and crops rotated without

exception

● Can have negative aesthetics and

possible odor problems



Companion Planting

● Plants are susceptibleto certain pests and

diseases

● Companion plantingpairs plants together

that are beneficial to

each other● This is a great way to

maximize harvests





Saving Seeds● Plants that are labeled “hybrid”

might not be able to producesustainable offspring it's the

nature of the plant

● To save seeds, grow plants labeled

“heirloom”● Good rule of thumb is to allow 1

of every 30 plants with excellent

attributes to go to seed

●

Collect by allowing seed heads tomature and dry; for squash and

melons, clean seeds and air dry

store in a dark, cold, dry place



hich Plants to Grow

● The majority of our diet comefrom plant sources

● “Every herb in the season

thereof, and every fruit in the

season thereof; all these to beused with prudence and

thanksgiving.” D&C 89:11

● “All grain is good for the food

of man; as also the fruit of thevine; that which yieldeth fruit,

whether in the ground or

above the ground” D&C 89:16



Grains in the Garden

●

Grains are fine to grow in abackyard garden: if you can grow

a lawn, you can grow cereal grains

● An area of 110'X10' will grow an

average 210 lbs of grain

● Oats grow in 2 months and will

eradicate weeds in their

immediate area

● Don't use lawn fertilizers with

herbicides and pesticides, unlessdirected

● Start winter varieties between

September - November; spring

varieties in February - April



Beans and Legumes

● Beans and legumesprovides great

nutrition and

renewable proteins

● Restores nitrogen to

the soil and helps other

plants grow

● Easy and prolific

● Excellent source of

proteins, fats, and fiber





Culinary Herbs

● Growing herbs andspices will help your

budget and cooking

prowess

● Herbs provide

flavoring and nutrition

to cooking

● Herbs and spices in the

garden guard against

pests and disease



Medicinal Herbs● Growing medicinal herbs is easy

and beneficial

● Aloe Vera and Myrrh are two of

the best medicine plants in the

world

● Other useful herbs are Valerian,Wormwood, St. John's Wort,

White Willow bark, Fever-few,

and dozens more

● Use with skill and care; sometimes

the cure is just as bad as the

disease

● Tobacco, cannabis, and cacoa

shrubs are NOT legal to grow and

they damage/poison soil



Perennials

●

Most garden produce is grownfrom annuals (plant dies at end

of growing season)

● Perennials regrow year after

year; providing a stable foodsource

● Examples are artichokes,

asparagus, rhubarb,

strawberries, etc.

● Some perennials are prolific;

such as strawberries, but some

like artichokes do not have a

high return on investment



Trees, Brambles, and Vines

● Fruits grow in many differentways

● All are perennials; they provide

a steady, yearly food supply

● Most brambles and shrubs will

last for 30 years, trees for 15-

20 years before going wild;

grape vines can thrive for

hundreds of years● Citrus can be grown indoors in

containers in Central to

Northern Utah



Nut Trees and Bushes

● Nuts provide a secondsource of fats and proteins

● The trees can take several

years before producing,

while the shrubs take 1 2

years to start.

● Walnut and Pine trees,

Hazel, Peanut, and Filbert

shrubs are the most common

in our climate

● Many local nurseries do not

keep in stock; must order in



Edible Flowers

● Edible flowers make aninteresting garnish

● Examples are roses,

black hollyhock, pinkmallow, vegetable and

herb flowers

● Some edible flowers donot have high nutritive

values, but may have

some medicinal value



Growing Cotton and Flax

● Growing cotton or flax inthe home garden will

produce enough to create

your own textiles

● Requires a lot of specialized

equipment to make raw

fibers into cloth: cotton gin,

flax breaker and comb,

spinning wheel, loom, dyes,etc.

● Temperate Zone cotton is

now available



Growing Sugar Crops

●

Sugar beets and maples can easily begrown in the garden

● A space of 15'X15' will yield an

average of 82.4 lbs of sugar from

beets; 3 10-year mature sugar maples

produce 1 gallon of syrup per year● Further processing through diffusion,

evaporation, and crystallization into

raw sugar no other refining is really

needed

● Centrifuging during evaporationseparates white and brown sugar, and

molasses

● Sugarcane is a tropical plant and not

suitable for our climate



Sprouting

● Sprouting seeds is anexcellent method for

quickly growing greens

with no soil involved

● The spouts have different

nutritive values compared

to their seeds

● Takes 3 5 days to grow ina moist environment



Composting

● Composting is a greatway to save money and

soil nutrients

● Garden scraps, kitchenscraps, and some forms

of trash are recycled

into a nutritious mulchfor the garden





Pest Control● Aphids are the most common

pests to infect a garden

● Other pests are yellow-jackets,

mealy bugs, mice, and birds

●

Use crop rotation andcompanion planting

● Bird netting and shiny metal

will keep away most birds

● Make sure that what is in yourgarden IS a pest before dealing

with it

● Use pesticides with care and

skill



Helpful Animals

● With plenty of pests,there's usually their

predators nearby

●

Garder Snakes, toadsand frogs, spiders,

earwigs, ladybugs,

praying mantis, and

lacewing flies are helpfulin controlling pests and

protecting the garden



Snails

● Snails and Slugs are terriblepests in the backyard garden

● Snails, however, are not

insects; they are inland

shellfish... and if fed properly

for a month, are edible

● A snail garden can be

created to sequester and

cleanse them for eating

● Good source of trace

vitamins and minerals:

especially iodine



Honeybees

● Honeybees are excellent forthe home garden as they

pollinate your plants

essential for growing most

crops● Must check with local laws

first, as honeybees will

socialize with commercial

apiary's

● Provides pollination,

protection against some

pests, honey and beeswax



Discouraging and Trapping Birds

● Birds can become a nuisance; bestnot to encourage nesting near

your garden

● Netting over plants is a good way

to discourage birds from eatingyour garden

● During crisis situations some

birds will be a good source of

food; during normal times this is

illegal

● Arapuca-style traps are the most

efficient and easiest to build for

trapping pigeons, doves, and quail



Small Livestock● West Valley City recently changed their codesallowing small livestock in residential areasagain

● Small livestock provide a great service to the

gardener in extra kinds of foods, recyclingwaste efficiently, and is the difference betweengrowing a few vegetables and true self-reliance

●

“If we have enough land and live where we canlegally keep livestock, we should buy and raisesome animals. efore we decide which animalswe will raise, however, we must be prepared to

care for them properly. This means learningabout the food, shelter, and care they need inorder to be healthy. Some animals that are easy

to care for are chickens, rabbits, ducks, andmilk goats.”

Duties and lessings of the Priesthood; Lesson22



Animal Products

● Most common return isrecycling your garden waste

and kitchen scraps into

kitchen manure

● Rabbits, chickens, and goatsregularly provide milk, eggs,

meat, feathers, and pelts

(leather)

● If raising small animals,research the many by-

products that comes from

them



Rabbits

● Rabbits provide the bestreturn on investment

● Small space requirements

can thrive confined in

hutches

● Can eat garden wastes,

kitchen waste, weeds, and

grasses; turning it into many

kinds of products for the

home

● Manure does not require

composting



Rabbit Facts● Rabbits are not rodents their closest

related species is deer● A breeding stock of 1 buck & 3 does

will produce average 700 lbs of meat

in a year; the same amount of meat as

a beef cow

● Rabbits have an average of 8-10

bunnies every 52 days 16 bunnies at

most; re-breed after 3 weeks

● Angora rabbits are not good for food,

but do provide good spinner's wool

and manure; shearing not necessary,

simply brush off the wool

● Many city and suburban families

from the Great Depression era credit

their rabbits as having saved them

from starvation



Products From Rabbits

Fresh Meat: standard meat cuts,hearts, kidneys, sweetbreads,and liver

Canned Rabbit Meat

Rabbit Sausages

Rendered Fats

Glycerin

Gelatin

Soaps

Candles

Pet Food and Treats

Fur Pelts

Leather (light duty)

Raw Hide

Rabbit Skin Glue

Blood Meal

Bile Acids; anti-inflammatory, used for gall stones

Pepsin; digestive aid

Chondroitin Sulfate; blood clot dissolution

Fibrinolysin; blood clot dissolution

Chalones; anti-cancer therapy

Phosphoric Acid

Calcium

Magnesium

Glucosamine

Insulin

Blood Plasma

Prussian Blue

Lapinized Brains for Animal Vaccines

Fur forBedding/Stuffing/Insulation

“Lucky” Rabbit's Feet

Methane (Natural) Gas

Charcoal

Fresh Manure

Compost

Liquid Fertilizer

Feed for Night Crawlers

Potassium Nitrate (Saltpeter)

Ammonia

Bone Handles, Tools, andJewelry

Bone Meal



Poultry and Fowls

●

Poultry and fowls in the gardenprovides a great service by grazing

weeds and weed seeds before crop

planting, eating pests, and laying

eggs

● Examples include chickens, ducks,geese, pigeons, quail, etc.

● Requires a lot of set-up and extra

feed

● Chicken roosters are stillforbidden due to noise ordinances

and hostility issues

● Manure does require composting



Poultry and Fowl Facts

● Most will lay for 2 years; at an averageof 1-2 eggs per day

● Duck eggs are larger than chicken

eggs and have a higher protein

content, but ducks lay less often;

geese lay much less often

● Ducks and geese require a pond or

body of water for health

● Quails can be raised and thrive

indoors; they lay as often as ducks● Most fowls are scavengers: during the

Great Depression, families would

feed most anything to them good

way of disposing of leftovers



Products From Poultry and Fowls

Eggs

Fresh Meat: standard meat cuts,

hearts, kidneys, and liver

Various Meat and Egg Products

Canned Chicken Meat and Eggs

Rendered Fats

Glycerin

Gelatin

Soaps

Candles

Pet Food and Treats

Writing Quills

Downy Feathers for

Bedding/Stuffing/Insulation

Additives for Plastics

Hyaluronic acid: “Chicken Shot” KneeInjection Treatments

Chondroitin Sulfate; blood clot

dissolution

Fibrinolysin; blood clot dissolution

Gene Treatment Proteins

Phosphoric Acid

Calcium

Magnesium

Glucosamine

Blood Plasma

Prussian Blue

Hormone Treatments

Cellophane Plastics

Carbon Paper Additive

Immunization (vaccine)

Production

Methane (Natural) Gas

Charcoal

Fresh Manure

Compost

Liquid Fertilizer

Sulphates

Ammonia

Bone Handles, Tools, and Jewelry

Bone Meal

Blood Meal



Goats

● Full-sized goats are not viable inour area without at least ½ acre to

live on due to their breeding for

commercial production

● Pygmy/Dwarf goats would work

for this area as their size is 1/3 of

the full-sized Nubian's and

Saneen's; about the same as a mid-

sized dog

● Pygmy goats can thrive in abarn/paddock setup

● A small dairy barn along with

plenty of hay, grain, brush, and

root crops are needed



Pygmy/Dwarf Goat Facts

● Pygmy goats give up to ½ gallon ofmilk per day

● Goat meat is called “Chevon”;

pygmy's and dwarfs are good for both

meat and dairy uses

● The milk is better suited to humans

than cows milk; healthier for people

with heart conditions and better for

toddlers

●

Goat's milk has a good milk fat tobutter fat ratio

● Pygmy's can be kept in a small

corralled area far better than Dwarfs,

which relies on a pasture area





Fish● A relatively new approach, raising

fish can be economical with the rightset-up and breeds, but the legalities

are still in question

● Tilapia and Carp are the most

popular as they can thrive on natural

algae and vegetation, are prolific andhardy, and have a good return on

investment in meat and liquid

fertilizer

● Requires an initial large investment

in tanks, a pond, and equipment

● Raising fish is more complex as

precise temperature and environment

is needed for breeding



Storing Garden Produce

● Storing excess at the heightof the season will cut food

budgets considerably

● Drying, canning (bottling),

cellar, pickling, freezing,

fermenting, etc.

● Some vegetables can be

stored outside duringwinter, a method called

“heeling”



d l



Canning and Bottling● Uses 3 different methods of

preservation: heat, pressure, and acid● Canning is done in metals cans; dry

goods with oxygen absorber, or moist

goods using specialized equipment

● Bottling is done in tempered mason

jars with special lids

● Water bath canners or steam canners

are cheaper, less time consuming, and

safer to operate only high acid

foods

● Pressure canners are more expensive,

uses more time, and carries some risk

use for both high and low acid

foods

● Watch for signs of botulism



Freezing

● Quickest way to store gardenproduce

● Some foods require 'blanching'

before freezing: place in hot

water for several seconds, thentake out and plunge into ice

water for several seconds

● Not economical for long-term

storage: most foods last 3months to a year before

nutrient depletion takes place;

costs extra to keep freezer

powered for that long

Cll



Cellar

● Not a common method todayfor storing garden foods -

might not be feasible for

apartments/renters

●

Can be made as a hole-in-the-ground in backyards

● Clamping is a cellar method of

storing root crops in the

garden under straw and soil● Keeps foods at a steady

temperature using the earth.

No power required

OilE i



Oil Extraction

● Extraction of essential oilsand fats from seeds is a little

difficult, but the payoff is

great

● Use either pressureextraction, alcohol

extraction, or a

distiller/condenser

● Sunflower, cottonseed, nuts,

and some herbs and spices

are good sources

F i



Fermentation● NOT FOR DRINKING!!!

● Yeast fermentation creates ethanol

(ethyl alcohol); this is toxic to

consume internally as ethanol starves

the body of nutrients and oxygen

● Useful in hundreds of chemical

formulas for everyday use, and used

in thousands of chemical processes

● First stage beer fermentation is

excellent for making bread Utah's

higher altitudes

● Cooking with wines (deglazing)

releases flavorings and helps keep

pans clean ethanol vaporizes at

84°F; food will not be tainted



Garden y-Products

● Useful items for thehome can be made

with the leftovers from

your garden andprimary products

● Research how to

effectively use waste:one person's waste is

another person's raw

materials

Clh dClhi



Cloth and Clothing

● Cotton, flax, and wool can beprocessed and woven at

home

● A lot of different tools are

needed to create cloth: flaxbreaker and comb, wool

cards, cotton gin, spinning

wheel, loom, etc.

● Sewing clothes is difficult at

first, but easy to pick up on

B kt



Basketry

● Using leftover treebark, corn husks, straw,

and grasses, many

kinds of baskets can beweaved

● Baskets are weaved in

the same patterns as

cloth; except no loom

is necessary

R dT i



Rope and Twine

● Many plants with stalks havethread-like fibers; some

plants such as flax and birch

are grown for their fibers

● When long fibers areextracted, spin them into

threads for use as twine

● Twisting fibers into twine,

and then twisting several

twines in the opposite

direction creates rope

S



Soap● Using leftover rendered fats (plant

or animal), soaps can be madethrough a process of

saponification

● Be careful using lye (caustic soda)

can cause chemical burns; lye is

extracted from wood ash byleeching and evaporation in a

non-metal container. Roebic©

Drain Opener is 100% commercial

lye

● Soap can be made using a cold

process or hot process; either on

stove top or in the oven

● Allow the soap to age fresh soap

can burn the skin

W d dOth L i



Wood and Other Leavings

● Save dead trees, or pruneolder trees and limbs to use

as firewood or lumber

● Lumber can be made with a

chainsaw's sawmillattachment or crosscut saw

● Corn cobs can be made into

charcoal

● Fall leaves and grass

clippings with no seed heads

can be used as mulch or

composted

P Milli



Paper Milling

● Paper can be made from any plantwith fine fibers; longer the fibers,

greater the need for further

processing

● Most leftover plants can be

utilized; along with used paper

and tattered cloth

● Using a chopping machine or by

hand, turn the fibrous material

into pulp, strain through a screen,press out the excess water, and

hang up to dry; cut to size when

dry (leaving in the sun will bleach

the paper white)

W d ki



Woodworking

● Use prunings or harvestingolder or dead trees whenever

possible to save expense

● Simple woodworking tools

can be purchased fromDeseret Industries, or made

at home

● Good for replacing broken

garden tool handles, or

building raised beds and

cold frames

Blk ithi



Blacksmithing

● Tools for gardening will eventually

wear out; blacksmithing is an easy

way to make new or repair tools

● A cheap set-up includes a brake drum

with some plumbing parts and a hair

dryer, a striking surface, and a bucket

of water

● Requires few tools: hammer, grips

(tongs), hot set, cold chisel, file, and

bench vice

● A thick metal surface or scraprailroad track makes a good anvil

● Be sure to only smithy on green burn

days; between 9 AM and 5 PM be

careful not to start a fire



Resources for Gardening

Websites

providentliving.org

● YU Independent

Study

(Free Classes online)

●

USU CooperativeExtension

● Practical Action

Network

B ks & Publicati ns

● Home Production and

Storage

● asic Self-Reliance

● Duties and lessings of

the Priesthood parts A

and● The Latter-Day Saint

Woman parts A and



Give a man a fish and he will eat for a

day. Teach a man to fish and he willeat for a lifetime...

Teach a man to garden, and the whole

neighborhood gets tomatoes, and

squash, and cucumbers, and carrots,and...

Documents

Gardening Presentation Final