GLOBAL I CIVILIZATIONS! Final Exam Review

West African Kingdoms

Tang/Song China

MesoamericaAKA- Middle America

Geography

Sahara Desert(trans-Saharan)

Ghana, Mali, Songhai

Mountains, Deserts = isolation

East is fertile land

Meso = “middle”

North & South America

Andes Mountains

(INCA)

Accomplishments

Gold & salt trade

Mansa Musa, the king for Mali, Marched to Mecca and

spread Islam

Moveable Type &

Gunpowder

Calendar (MAYA, AZTEC)

ArchitectureFloating

Gardens (Aztec)Terrace farming

(INCA)Roads (INCA)

Byzantine Empire

Justinian CodeEastern Roman

EmpireOrthodox

Christianity (Great Schism)

PRESERVED GRECO-ROMAN

CULTURE!

Islamic EmpireGOLDEN AGE

(math, science, tolerance)

Islam spreads to Europe and

Africa

PRESERVED GRECO-ROMAN

CULTURE!

Ottoman Empire

Overthrew Byzantine Empire

Constantinople Istanbul

Controlled eastern Mediterranean Sea

“Old, Sick man of Europe”

The Empires below were all located at the center of __________ trade. They were

located in or near the Middle __________, A.K.A. the cultural crossroads between

Eastern ___________and _____________.

global East

Europe

Asia

Causes:NO CENTRAL GOVERNMENT (fall of Rome)

Feudalism: political system based on ownership of land and loyalty

Manorialism: economic system – barter economy, self-sufficient, based on agriculture isolation & little trading outside of manor

Most powerful institution = CATHOLIC CHURCH! Gothic architecture; art glorified God

Crusades = increased trade with Middle EastBubonic plague is epidemic

EUROPEAN MIDDLE AGES ~ 500-1300 CE

Japanese Feudalism:Causes:

NO STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

Tokugawa Shogunate: powerful shogun oversaw traditional era with golden ageSamurai: powerful warriors(Bushido Code)

Similar to European feudalism

EUROPE AFTER THE FALL OF ROME: MIDDLE AGES RENAISSANCE/ REFORMATION

RENAISSANCE Commercial Revolution (guilds,

capitalism, trade RenaissanceHumanism:

Curiosity about life in the present (not life after death like in the Middle Ages)

Emphasis on the achievements of the individual

Examined worldly subjects“Questioning spirit” question authority

Art & Architecture: return to Greco-Roman styles, life-like portrayal, ordinary (secular) topics

POLITICAL/RELIGIOUS CHANGE: REFORMATION

Reformation: Period when Europeans broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and formed new Christian churches

Causes: Renaissance Strong Monarchs Problems in the Church (indulgences!)

Reformers: Martin Luther (95 Theses) John Calvin

Impact: Shatters/ends religious unity in Western Europe

PRINTING PRESS Invention of wooden movable type in China Johann Gutenberg used this idea to create the

printing press (metal moveable type) Allowed printer to produce hundreds of copies BIBLE was first full book printedImpact: Books became more available ~

cheaper and easier to make!Literacy increased ~ books were available

and more people learned to read and write!Ideas spread rapidly ~ people had access

to new knowledge and Bibles increased the spread of religious ideas