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FurnitureStyles
Elements in the Analysis of Styles
Racial : designated from the people who originated in
Epochal : the period when it flourished Individual : person or persons who
originated the style Character : adjectives attached to the style
that best describe it
Classifications of Furniture Styles: Period / Traditional
Formal Technically anything before the 1900’s Time tested Classic
Contemporary / Modern From 1901 onwards No recognizable influence from past styles
Trends in Furniture Styles: Traditional
Those that have withstood the tests of time Usually the court furniture of the time Refined, rich looking
Provincial Produced as an offspring of traditional styles A copy of the court or royal furniture of the time Smaller and scale and crude
Prehistory
Prehistoric Furniture The earliest evidence of the stone age
producing pieces of “furniture” were in the form of DOLMENS or stone tables
These DOLMENS were usually in the form of piled up boulders that serve as altars for sacrifices and other rituals
Egypt
Characteristics: Rectilinear with straight lines predominating Animal leg forms:
Bull’s hooves Lion’s paw Dog leg with peg
Geometric ornamentation Seats were either made of wood or rush – plant material
woven together Examples:
Chairs Stools Chests
Greece
Characteristics: Marble, iron, bronze and wood were the
materials used Chairs had back rails curved in a concave
or KLISMOS form Graceful, symmetyrical
Kinds of Greek Furniture: Threnys – stool or footstool Thronos – chair for men Klismos – chair for women Kline – bed Tripods
Klismos
Kline
Rome
Characteristics: Derived from Greek models Legs:
Disc turnings Griffins, Sphinxes Animal legs : horses, goats
Architectural features were incorporated in the design
Rich fabrics Cushions
Kinds of Roman Furniture: Curule – stool with x-stretchers Bisellium – double chair or settee Sollum – throne like chair for men Cathedra – chair for women Sigma – reclining couch Lectus – bed Armaria – chest/cupboard Tripod tables Monopod tables
Cathedra
Sollum
Lectus
The Middle Ages
Characteristics: Architectural in form Crude detailing Paneled decorations Very heavy and massive
Byzantine Furniture
<> RomanesqueFurniture
RomanesqueFurniture
Gothic Furniture
The ItalianStyle
ItalianRenaissance
Characteristics: Large and massive Classical motifs in relief Certosina – inlay of ivory on wood Intarsia – inlay of different colored strips of
wood on wood
Kinds of Italian Renaissance Furniture: Cassone – chest Cassapanca – cassone with arms and back Sedia – armchair with rectangular seats; usually for men or
friars Sgabello – dining chair, for women Savonarola – x- shaped stretcher chair with interlacing slats Dante/Dantesque – upholstered or cushioned x-stretcher
chair Credenza – cabinet Letto – bed Refrectory Table
Cassone
Cassone
Casapanca
Sedia
Sgabello
Savonarola
Dante Chair
Credenza
Refectory Table
Letto
Italian Baroque
Characteristics: Exaggerated Heavy Broken pediments Twisted turnings C and S curves Inlays
Credenza
Italian RococoVenetian
Characteristics: Gilding Copied from the French counterpart Chinese influence Lacquered
Stool
Commode
TheHispanic Style
Characteristics: Italian and Moorish influence Rectangular with heavy proportions Iron braces and mounts (studs) and exposed nail
heads Leather seats that were carved or tooled Legs:
Turned, spool or disc turnings Square straight legs Flemish scroll/Spanish foot
Sub-Periods in Hispanic Furniture Mudejar – Moorish influence, leather. ivory inlays,
geometric forms Plateresco – a lot of silver work, considered as
the most beautiful Spanish style Desornamentado – Juan de Herrera was the
proponent of this style, Italian Renaissance inspired
Churigueresco – Started by Jose de Churiguera, Spanish Baroque
TypicalSpanish Foot
Kinds of Hispanic Furniture: Arca – chest Spanish Ladder Back Chair Sillon de Chadera – hip joint chair Sillon Frailero – monk’s chair Vargueno – chest on a trestle table Papelera – writing desk Armaria - closets
Arca
Vargueno
Papelera
Chairs
SillonFrailero
SpanishLadder-Back
Chair
Armaria
TheMediterranean
Style
Characteristics: Heavy, structural Honey comb pattern in cabinet doors Wrought iron details Carved
Mediterranean Furniture
Equipales
The FrenchStyles
FrenchRenaissance
Characteristics: Henry IV and Louis XIII Flemish scroll Carved Inlaid with wood, semi precious stones,
tortoise shell – Boulle Work Spiral turnings Leg:
Bun foot
Kinds of French Renaissance Furniture Escabelle – French version of the sgabello Caquetoire – gossip chair; predominantly
used by women Armoire – closets Commode – chest of drawers
Escabelle
Louis XII Armchair
Caquetoire
Armoire
Commode
FrenchBaroque
Characteristics: Louis XIV Rich Carving Throne like chairs Marquetry – inlay of different colored wood on
wood Vernis Martin – Varnishing of great brilliancy Leg: square, heavy, carved, gilded, tapering
Louis XIV Armoire andWriting Desk
Louis XIV Armchair and
Table
Louis XIV Side Chair
French Regency
Characteristics: Philippe D’Orleans acted as regent for
Louis XV Graceful and refined Leg: Cabriole leg with goat’s hoof Chinoisserie – pertaining to the Chinese
influence in prints, patterns and accessories during the period
French RegencyArmchair
Regency Armchair and Bombe Commode
French Rococo
Characteristics: Louis XV Leg: Cabriole leg in…..
Whorl foot Pad foot Scroll foot
Chinoisserie Singerie – motif depicting monkeys at play Boiserie – application of carved wall paneling
Kinds of French Rococo Furniture: Fauteuil – arm chair with pierced side arms Bergere – arm chair with upholstered side arms Chaise Lounge – day bed Secretoire – desk/secretary Etagere – chest of open shelves Bombe Commode – chest of drawers Mantle – covering of a fireplace Console Table
Fauteuil
Bergere
Chaise Lounge
Secretoire
Etagere
Bombe Commode
Mantle
Console
French Provincial
Characteristics: Under the influence of the Rococo style Absence of ornate decorations Rush seats Legs:
Straight with turnings or cabriole
Ladder Back Chairs
Settee
Armoire
Buffet
French Neo-Classic
Characteristics: Louis XIV Revival of the classical forms Legs: round, tapering, reeded or fluted Toile de Juoy: blue and white domestic scenes Patera: round or oval ornaments resembling as
disc Festoon: length of flowers or leaves linked
together or ribbons hanging in loops Gadroon: repetitive notches or carved work in
furniture
Kinds of Neo-Classic Furniture: Canape – sofa Angel Bed – bed with a canopy attached to
a wall Alcove Bed – bed in a niche on the wall
Louis XVIArmchairs
Canape
Bed
Angel Bed
Alcove Bed
French Directoire
Characteristics: The outbreak of the French Revolution
brought the Louix XVI monarchy to an abrupt stop – this was called the DIRECTORY
Classical lines Use of Greek curves Legs: Klismos shape – curving in front and
back
French DirectoireArmchair
French DirectoireSide Chair
French Empire
Characteristics: Napoleon Bonaparte Fusion of Egyptian, Greek and Roman
motifs Large Masculine Ebony and deep redwood
Kinds of Empire Furniture Gueridon – round table supported by one
central leg Empire Bed – bed shaped like a boat or
gondola; sleigh bed
Stool
Armchair
Empire Tub Chair
Gueridon
EmpireBed
Sleigh Bed
Bed
Restoration
Characteristics: Took place during the reigns of Louis XVII,
Charles X, Louis Philippe and Napoleon III Machine manufacturing came into
existence
Biedermeier
Characteristics: German equivalent to the French Empire Carved details are represented in black or
gold paint More of Egyptian influence Lighter wood Massive
Beds
Chairs
Buffet
The English Styles
English Renaissance:Early Renaissance
Tudor - Elizabethan
General Characteristics: Furniture legs are heavy and in bulbous
form Melon Bulb Cup and Cover
Carved and curved inlaid decorations took the form of: Leaves and Flowers Geometric Patterns
Decorations: Linen Fold Strapwork C and S curves Massive turnings Extensive use of carvings Upholstery:
Damask Silk Leather
Jacobean
General Characteristics: Renaissance – Gothic Designs Pieces were lighter and smaller Use of carving use of splat Leg forms:
Small columns: Dwarfed Columns Straight Spiral
Twisted Rope
Jacobean Wainscot Chair
Jacobean Slant Top Desk
Jacobean Bible Box
Cromwellian: English Provincial
General Characteristics:
Austere but heavy Turnings were in spool or sausage shape Leg form:
Ball or bun foot
Throne Chair
Gate Leg Table
Yorkshire Chair
Fan Back and Comb Back Windsor Chairs
Loop Back Windsor Chairs
English BaroqueMid-Renaissance
Restoration: Stuart or Carolean
General Characteristics: Reign of Charles II Spiral turnings Sugar Barley Twist Caning Veneering
Charles II Chairs
William and Mary
General Characteristics: Turned Legs Bell and Trumpet legs Flat molded cornices Marquetry – inlay of different colored wood
on wood
Marquetry
William and Mary Slant Top Desk
William and Mary Throne Chair
William and Mary Highboy
William and Mary Lowboy
English RococoMid -
Renaissance
Queen Anne
General Characteristics: Swan Neck Back Cabriole Leg with Claw and Ball Fiddle Back Solid Central Splat Shell Motif
Queen Anne Wing Chair
Queen Anne Chair
Queen Anne Tilt Top Table
Queen Anne Pie Crust Table
Queen Anne Highboy
Queen Anne Drop Leaf Table
Early Georgian
General Characteristics: Carving is more elaborate Cabriole Legs with lion’s head and lion’s
paw Pierced Back
Yoke Back Chair
Chippendale: Middle Georgian
General Characteristics: Thomas Chippendale Open Back/Pierced Slats 3 Kinds:
French Gothic Chinese
Chippendale with Marlborough Legs
Chippendale Ladder Back
Chinese Chippendale
Chippendale Camel Back Sofa
English Neo-ClassicLate Renaissance
Robert Adam
General Characteristics: Inspired by Roman and Pompeian design All elements of the house should blend in a
single relationship Straight tapering legs with flutings Painted and decorated with same
architectural details as the room Urn Motif
Radial Back Chair
George Hepplewhite
General Characteristics: Influenced by the Adam style Square, tapering legs ending in a spade
foot Chair splats had carved designs:
Festoon Wheat Urns Prince of Wales Feathers
HepplewhiteShield Back
HepplewhiteHeart Back
HepplewhiteCamel Back
Thomas Sheraton
General Characteristics: “The Apostle of the Straight Line” Turned and reeded legs Chair backs were rectangular with a raised
central splat
Sheraton Chairs
Sheraton Pembroke Table
English Regency
General Characteristics: George III was declared mentally
incompetent and the Prince of Wales acted as regent until he ascended the throne as George IV
Influenced by the French Directoire and Empire styles, Chinese and Egyptian
Lacquered in black Gilded trimmings Splayed legs Lions paw Use of caning
English Regency Chairs
Victorian
General Characteristics Relatively out of proportion Heavily carved Use of cabriole legs Tufted upholstery
Victorian Chairs
Victorian Tufted Chairs
Victorian Balloon Chairs
Victorian Triple Back Sofa
Victorian Tufted Love Seat
Victorian Cameo Back Sofa
Victorian ButterflySofa
The American
Styles
Early American: Early Colonial
General Characteristics: Patterned mostly on the English style Jacobean and Gothic lineage
Connecticut Chest
Wainscot Chair
Brewster Chair
Bannister Chair
Fiddle Back Chairs
American Ladderback Chair
Trestle Table with Windsor Chairs
AmericanGate LegTables
Butterfly Table
Butler’s Tray Table
RoundaboutChair
American Georgian
John Goddard
General Characteristics: Cabinet maker who specializes in desks,
cabinets and chests of drawers of the block front type with shell motif
John Townsend
Block Front Desk
Grandfather Clock
The Philadelphia Movement
General Characteristics: A group of Philadelphia that excelled in
cabinet making Exquisite craftsmanship
Philadelphia Highboy
Philadelphia Lowboy
Boston Rocker
Boston Chair
Slipper Chair
American Neo-classic/ Federal
General Characteristics: Classical: Greco-Roman Light and delicate Influenced by the Regency Period in
England
Duncan Phyfe
General Characteristics: Graceful proportions Klismos curve in chair backs Braided legs Cornucopia legs
Duncan Phyfe Chair
Duncan Phyfe Drop Leaf Table
Lyre Back Chair
Cornucopia Legs on aDuncan Phyfe Sofa
Samuel McIntire
General Characteristics: Silhouetted back Swags
Lambert Hitchcock
General Characteristics: Empire inspired Rush or caned seats Gold stenciled details
Fancy Chair
American Provincial/Shaker
General Characteritics: The Shakers were a community of religious
people that believed in frugality, industry, integrity and celibacy
Plain Free from carved ornamentation Lightweight Can be stored or hanged
American Shaker Chairs
Shaker Console
American Empire
General Characteristics: Reproduction of French Empire and English
Regency American Bald Eagle was the official
emblem or motif
American Empire
American Victorian:
General Characteristics: Popularized by John Belter Excessively carved Dark wood finish
American Victorian Furniture
Twentieth Century Styles
Gustav Stickley: The Mission Style
William Morris: Arts and Crafts
Barrel Chair
Frank Lloyd Wright
Art Nouveau
Charles Rennie Mackintosh
MackintoshChair
Mackintosh Arm Chair
Mackintosh Ladderback
Art Deco
De Stijl: Geritt Reitveld
Red Blue and Yellow Chair
Zigzag
Michael Thonet: Bentwood Furniture
Hairpin Chair
Vienna Bentwood Rocker
Bauhaus: Marcel Breuer
CescaCantileveredChair
Wassily Chair
Display Table
Bauhaus: Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe
Barcelona Chair
Variations of CantileveredChairs
Bauhaus: Le CorbusierCharles Edouard Jeanerret- Gris
SiegeGrand Comfort
Arm Chairs
Chaise
William Platner
Range
Scandinavian Designers:Hans Wegner
Wishbone Chair
3-Legged Chair
Folding Chair
Valet Chair
Circle Chair
Bull Chair
Scandinavian Designers:Alvar Aalto
Webbed PensionChair
Webbed Armchair
WebbedChaise
UpholsteredArm Chair
Cantilevered Arm Chair
Lounge Chair
Sofa
ArtekArm Chair
Paimio Arm Chair
Stackable Stools
Scandinavian Designers:Finn Juhl
Easy Chair
Scandinavian Designers:Arne Jacobsen
Swan Chair
Swan Sofa
The Egg
The Drop
The Giraffe
Series 7Stools
American Designers:Charles Eames
Calf- SkinLaminated Plywood Chairs
Eames Lounge Chair with Ottoman
Eames Office Chair
Molded Plastic Chairs
American Designers:Eero Saarinen
Tulip Chair
Womb Chair
Side Chair
American Designers:Harry Bertoia Diamond Chair
Bertoia Side Chair
Upholstered Diamond Chair
Bird Chair with Ottoman
Jorge Ferrari-Hardoy:
Butterfly Chair
American Designers:Edward Wormley
TuftedSofa
“Listen-to-Me”Chaise Lounge
1960’s – 1970’s:Eero Aarnio
Ball Chair
Pastil Chair
Focus Chair
Bubble Chair
Keinu Rocking Chair
Formula Chair
Pony
Verner Panton
Amoeba Chair
PantonChair
Bachelor Chair
Cone Chair
Avarte
Yrjo Kukkapuro
Ateljee
Carousel
Nesting Tables
Josef Albers
Philip Starck
Glow Chairs
Ghost Chairs and Table
Philippine Furniture
Baliwag Furniture: Narra Carabao bone inlay Caned Turned legs with stretchers
Batangas Furniture: Chinese influence Tindalo wood
Ilocos Furniture Gallinera influence Slatted Austere
Sillon
Butaka
Silla De Peresoza
Silla
SillaPamintu
an
Bentwood Furniture
Rocker orUgoy-Ugoy
Art Nouveau Love Seat
Diban
Screen
Diban
Mariposa
Gallinera
Kapiya
Dulang
La Mesa
Occasional Tables
Mesa Altar
Mesa Altar
Aparador
Aparador de Tres Lunas
Painadora
Vajilera
Armario
Paminggalan
Comoda
Escritoryo
Kuna
Kama ni Ah-Tay
Bastonero
Baul
Sungkaan
Chinese Furniture
General Characteristics: Beauty and function Well proportioned Total absence of nails
Yoke Back Chair
Lo Han Chair
GuestChairs
Throne Sofas
X- Chairs
Kang Tables
Trestle Table
Altar Table
Pa-shein-cho Tables
Opium/Ah Tay Beds
Folding Screens
Japanese Furniture
Shoji Panels
Tatami Mats
Futon
Futaba