From the Secretariat IFLA Annual Report 1999 · Peter Lor, as Chair of CDNL, some of whose members are major funders of the Core Pro-grammes, also met with the Exec-utive Board. –

IFLA Annual Report 1999

This report reflects only the major itemsof IFLA's activities in 1999. Fullerreports on the activities of IFLA's profes-sional groups can be found in the reportsof the Core Programmes in this issue ofIFLA Journal, or in IFLA's biennialCouncil Reports, the second volume pub-lished in November 1999 as IFLA Coun-cil Report 1997-1999. Annual reports ofthe Sections and Round Tables can befound on IFLANET <www.ifla.org>, intheir Newsletters, or throughout the yearin IFLA Journal.

1 Membership 1999 1998

1 Members/Affiliates 1.1 Association Mem-

bers/Bodies with Consultative Status 0171 0173

1.2 Institutional Members 1094 1121

1.3 Personal Affiliates 0324 03221.4 Sponsors 0034 0038

Total 1623 16542 Countries Covered 0144 01532.1 Industrialized

countries 0063 00622.2 Third World 0081 00913 Sponsored

Members 0021 00214 Permanent Pro-

fessional Groups 0060 0058(Core Programmes, Divisions, Sections, Round Tables)

5 Staff under contract (FTE)5.1 IFLA Headquarters

(6 full-time, 3 part-time) 8.0 8.5

5.2 Core Programmes 6.0 6.0(supporting admi-nistrative staff at focal points)

2 Executive Board

Before the elections held inBangkok, the Executive Board wascomposed as follows:

– Christine Deschamps (France),President

– Ekaterina Genieva (Russian Fed-eration), First Vice-President

– Nancy John (USA), Second Vice-President

– Derek Law (UK), Treasurer– Klaus-Dieter Lehmann (Ger-

many)– Kay Raseroka (Botswana)– Bfrge Sfrensen (Denmark)– Sun Beixin (China)– Sissel Nilsen (Norway), ex officio,

Chair of the Professional Board.

After the Bangkok elections, theExecutive Board had the followingcomposition:– Christine Deschamps (France),

President– Nancy John (USA), First Vice-

President– Bfrge Sfrensen (Denmark), Sec-

ond Vice-President– Derek Law (UK), Treasurer– Claudia Lux (Germany)– Jerónimo Martínez (Spain)– Ingrid Parent (Canada)– Kay Raseroka (Botswana)– Ralph Manning (Canada), ex offi-

cio, Chair of the ProfessionalBoard.

The Executive Board met threetimes during the report period, andfollowing the tradition begun inApril 1993, also held a joint meetingwith the Professional Board in April1999. A second joint meeting washeld in December to discuss propos-als for changes to IFLA's Statutesand Rules of Procedure. As the poli-cy-making body of IFLA, the Execu-tive Board took action on the fol-lowing:– Appointed a new Secretary Gen-

eral, Ross Shimmon, in January1999. Mr Shimmon took up hispost in May.

– Continued the assignments of EBmembers to Committees to helpstrengthen the involvement and

cooperation of EB membersbetween meetings and to sharpenthe focus on various topics. Thecommittees are the ConferencePlanning Committee, chaired byIngrid Parent, with Ralph Man-ning and Jeronimo Martinez asmembers; the MembershipDevelopment and Services Com-mittee with Kay Raseroka aschair and Claudia Lux and BørgeSørensen as members; and theExecutive Committee with Chris-tine Deschamps, Nancy John andDerek Law. Members of the com-mittees continue to communicateby e-mail between meetings on aregular basis to carry out workmore efficiently.

– Confirmed the portfolio assign-ments of EB members: RalphManning, Official Liaison to ICA;Claudia Lux, Chair of the Publi-cations Committee and OfficialLiaison to CLM; Børge Sørensen,Official Liaison to the FAIFECommittee; Ingrid Parent, mem-ber of the Publishers LiaisonCommittee; Jeronimo Martinez,Official Liaison to FID; and KayRaseroka, member of the Publica-tions Committee.

– Adopted the "IFLA Statement onLibraries and Intellectual Free-dom" drafted by the FAIFE Com-mittee. The Statement was postedto IFLANET, published in IFLAJournal 25 (3): 183-184 (1999)and translations in German andRussian are in preparation.Copies were also made availablein the conference bags of all del-egates to Bangkok.

– Continued preparations forchanges to IFLA's Statutes. Mem-bers of the Working Group wereWarren Horton, Chair; MarjorieBloss, Derek Law, Sissel Nilsen,Sally McCallum, Ross Shimmon,and Carol Henry.

215IFLA JOURNAL 26 (2000) 3

NEWS SECTION

The news section of IFLA Journal contains information about IFLA and its activities, and other “international” news. National information is only disseminated if it has international relevance.Attention is drawn to the fact that members are free to translate and/or duplicate any part of this news section, without copy-right implications. IFLA, indeed, urges members to disseminate the IFLA news in their country and region. A statement of thesource of information would be appreciated.

From the Secretariat

– Set up an Advisory Group,chaired by Marjorie Bloss, deal-ing primarily with issues involv-ing Division VIII (Division ofRegional Activities). Members areAdolfo Rodriguez Gallardo (Mex-ico); Kay Raseroka (Botswana);Sissel Nilsen (Norway); JianzhongWu (China); Derek Law (UK); andPeter Hegedüs (Hungary). WarrenHorton (Australia); and SallyMcCallum (USA) will serve asresource persons.

– Appointed new members to theFAIFE Committee: Clara Budnik(Chile); Ana Cecilia Torres (CostaRica); and Winnie Vitansky (Den-mark).

– Accepted as new AssociationMembers: Asociación de Bibliote-carios de Oruro, Bolivia; and theAssociation of Information Spe-cialists, Georgia.

– Conferred mutual consultativestatus on the World Federation ofthe Deaf and on the EuropeanDyslexic Association.

– Met with representatives of CoreProgramme hosts and the CoreProgramme Directors during theBangkok Conference to discussthe revision of IFLA's Statutesand Rules of Procedure, thedevelopment of joint projectswith Sections and Round Tables.Peter Lor, as Chair of CDNL,some of whose members aremajor funders of the Core Pro-grammes, also met with the Exec-utive Board.

– Approved an increase in dues ofPersonal Affiliates from NLG 200to NLG 250

– Accepted the bid from ABGRA(Asociación de BibliotecariosGraduados de la RepúblicaArgentina) to host the 2004 Con-ference in Buenos Aires.

– Invited bids from potential hostsfor the IFLA General Conference2005. During the Bangkok Con-ference questionnaires were dis-tributed to all association mem-bers, and the invitation was alsoposted to IFLANET. Those inter-ested in hosting 2005 submittedresponses to the questionnaires,and these were reviewed at theDecember EB meeting. Based onthe recommendation of the Con-ference Planning Committee theEB invited three countries to sub-mit detailed bid books, to be fol-lowed up by site visits. The hostfor 2005 will be announced at theJerusalem Conference.

– Awarded the 2006 IFLA Confer-ence to KLA (Korean LibraryAssociation).

– Continued its guest lecture series.During the 1999 IFLA Counciland General Conference inBangkok, Guest Lectures weregiven by Steve Cisler (Associationfor Community Networking,USA) on "Telecentres: Librariesas Gateways to Networks"; BasilFernando (Asian Human RightsCommission) on "Right to Life:Intellectual Freedom and theneed for Deep Dialogue betweenEast and West"; Anand Panyara-chun (former Prime Minister ofThailand) on "Reaching the Infor-mation Gateways: An UnfinishedTask"; and Abhisit Vejjajiva (Min-ister to the Prime Minister'sOffice) on "Library Networks inthe Learning Society".

– Agreed to call a Council Meetingin Jerusalem to deliberate on theRevision of IFLA's Statutes andto hold open hearings on Divi-sion VIII (Division of RegionalActivities) issues.

– Accepted with gratitude theestablishment by OCLC (OnlineComputer Library Center) of theIFLA/OCLC Early Career Devel-opment Fellowship. On an annu-al basis, the programme willselect up to four individuals fromcountries with developingeconomies to receive a four-weektraining period of lectures, semi-nars and mentoring. Topics andissues will include informationtechnologies and their impact onlibraries, library operations andmanagement, and global coopera-tive librarianship.

– Honorary Fellow. Warren Hortonwas elected an Honorary Fellowby Council at the Council meet-ing held in Bangkok. Mr Hortonwas a member of the ExecutiveBoard from 1991 until 1997, andserved as Treasurer from 1993until 1997.

– Sent representatives to key WIPOand WTO meetings.

– Supported libraries in Kosovowith funding for collecting raremanuscripts.

– Introduced the "Member Get aMember" initiative for institu-tional membership. For eachmember recruited, the recruitinginstitution would receive a creditof USD 50 towards its registra-tion fee for the Jerusalem Confer-ence.

– Endorsed the "Guidelines onLibrary Policy and Legislation inEurope", prepared by the Cultur-al Policy and Action Division ofthe Council of Europe.

– Took action on the BangkokCouncil Resolutions. Referredthe resolution to recognize trea-surers of Sections as officers intheir own right to the WorkingGroup on Statutes; referred theresolution for nominations for SCmembers to the Working Groupon Statutes; referred the resolu-tion to abolish Division VIII(Division of Regional Activities)to the Advisory Group onStatutes; and implemented theresolution on the method ofreaching a decision on the revi-sion of the Statutes.

3 Professional BoardBefore the elections in Bangkok, theProfessional Board was composedas follows:– Sissel Nilsen (Norway), Chair– Winston Tabb (USA), General

Research Libraries, and Vice-Chair

– Ed Valauskas (USA), SpecialLibraries

– Ilona Glashoff (Germany),Libraries Serving the GeneralPublic

– Ingrid Parent (Canada), Biblio-graphic Control

– Marjorie Bloss (USA), Collectionsand Services

– Ralph Manning (Canada), Man-agement and Technology, andVice-Chair

– Lis Byberg (Norway), Educationand Research

– Stan Made (Zimbabwe), RegionalActivities.

After the Bangkok elections, thecomposition of the ProfessionalBoard was as follows:– Ralph Manning (Canada), Chair– Winston Tabb (USA), General

Research Libraries, and Vice-Chair

– Hans-Christoph Hobohm (Ger-many), Special Libraries

– Glenys Willars (UK), LibrariesServing the General Public

– Ia McIlwaine (UK), BibliographicControl

– Chris Wright (USA), Collectionsand Services

– Wanda Dole (USA), Managementand Technology

– Lis Byberg (Norway), Educationand Research

News Section

IFLA JOURNAL 26 (2000) 3216

– Adolfo Rodriguez (Mexico),Regional Activities.

During the report period the Profes-sional Board:– Set up a Working Group to

review the structure, funding andactivities of the Core Pro-grammes.

– Undertook an evaluation of theBangkok Conference, both profes-sionally and logistically, in coop-eration with the Royal School ofLibrary and Information Sciencein Copenhagen, which had evalu-ated the 1997 Conference inCopenhagen and the 1998 Con-ference in Amsterdam.

– Developed the professional pro-gramme for the Bangkok Confer-ence. Approved workshops, satel-lite meetings and the profession-al content of the conference.

– Held a PB-sponsored Internation-al Conference on "Collecting andSafeguarding our Oral Tradi-tions" as a satellite meeting to theBangkok Conference.

– Prioritized and allocated projectfunds to IFLA's professionalunits; reviewed projects under-taken by the professional unitsfor the past three years, and ifprogress had not been made,agreed to abandon them andrequest the return of moniesadvanced.

– Reviewed progress made onUNESCO contracts and madeproposals for contracts for thenext biennium.

– Noted with satisfaction theapproval of the School LibraryManifesto, at UNESCO's GeneralConference in November 1999.

– Noted the acceptance by theUNESCO General Conference inNovember 1999 of the resolu-tions emanating from the Inter-national Conference on NationalBibliographic Services.

– Approved the request of theRound Table on Audiovisual andMultimedia to become a Section.

– Approved the name change of theRound Table of Editors of LibraryJournals to the Round Table onLibrary and Information ScienceJournals.

– Continued to develop mecha-nisms for cooperation with otherinternational bodies working inrelated fields.

– Approved the establishment ofthree new Discussion Groups, onRepository and Storage Libraries;

on Licensing of ElectronicResources; and on Marketing ofAcademic Library Services totake effect in September 1999.Discussion Groups are officiallysponsored and affiliated with aSection, have a convenor, and areestablished for two-year renew-able terms. They will then be dis-solved or will become Sections.Pending the revision of IFLA'sStatutes and Rules of Procedure,agreed to continue all DiscussionGroups until the 2001 IFLACouncil and General Conferencein Boston.

– Published the revised edition ofthe IFLA Officers Handbook, a100+-page publication, whichgives detailed instructions toassist officers with all types ofactivities, both administrativeand programmatic, ranging fromresponsibilities of Standing Com-mittee members, to planningmeetings and workshops at IFLAConferences to budgeting for pro-fessional activities. It will berevised biennially.

– Approved the proposals of theBangkok Organizing Committeefor two speakers for the IndustryUpdates sessions in Bangkok.

– Implemented recommendationsmade by past conference organiz-ers for the Bangkok Conference(discontinuation of contributedpapers sessions; reducing num-ber of conference paper bookletsby 60%; discontinuation of pre-registrations for on-site work-shops; holding two meetings ofthe Introduction to IFLA session;discontinuation of the OpenForum of the Core Programmes.

– Ensured that IFLANET would bethe only site for all IFLA reports,announcements, etc., and thatIFLA Officers and future confer-ence organizers would not set uptheir own Web sites.

– Approved the theme for the Glas-gow 2002 Conference: "Librariesfor Life - Democracy, Diversity,Delivery".

– Established a PB Award for IFLANewsletters. The winner will beannounced during the JerusalemConference.

4 IFLA Headquarters Staff

IFLA Headquarters staff membersduring the report period were RossShimmon, Secretary General (15May 1999); Sjoerd Koopman, Profes-

sional Coordinator; Jos de Block,Secretary to the Professional Coordi-nator; Charlotta Brynger, Member-ship Officer; Sophie Felfoldi, OfficeManager; Carol Henry, ExecutiveOfficer; Josche Neven, Communica-tions and Project Officer; Karin Pass-chier, Administrative Assistant: andDini Verschoor, Financial Assistant.

5 65th IFLA Council and GeneralConference, Bangkok, Thailand, 20-28 August 1999

The theme, "Libraries as Gatewaysto an Enlightened World", was cho-sen for the international librarycommunity to commit itself to meetthe challenges of building a moreenlightened world by focusing onthe quality of its collection, contentsand services,reaching out to all lev-els of society, ensuring equitableaccess to knowledge, and strength-ening its position in the dynamicinformation market place. The con-ference attracted an attendance of1980 participants from 117 coun-tries. One hundred and fifty-nineconference papers (not including172 translations) were delivered in76 open sessions and 23 workshops.The full texts of all papers can befound on IFLA's Web site<www.ifla.org>. IFLA was honoredto have Her Royal Highness PrincessMaha Chakri Sirindhorn, the Patronof the Thai Library Association,deliver the keynote address, andalso to register as a delegate to theconference and attending conferencesessions. For the first time IFLAExpress was issued in Spanish, andcopies appeared promptly everymorning together with the Englishand French editions. As in previousyears, there were a substantial num-ber of delegates who were able toparticipate in the Bangkok Confer-ence with the generous supportfrom DANIDA (Danish InternationalDevelopment Agency); from OSI,the Open Society Institute; and fromthe Comité française IFLA. A fullreport on the Bangkok Conferencecan be found in IFLA Journal 25(5/6): 283-305 (1999).

6 Future Conferences

During the Bangkok Conference,Christine Deschamps, Ross Shim-mon and Nancy John, Chair of theConference Planning Committee,met with delegations fromJerusalem, 2000; Boston, 2001, Glas-gow, 2002, and Berlin 2003, plus



other countries which were interest-ed in hosting IFLA in the year 2004and onward. In July Mr Shimmonmade a site visit to Jerusalem withBørge Sørensen and Derek Law tomeet with the organizing committeeand to discuss political and safetymatters.

7 Projects

Reports of the projects undertakenby the Sections and Round Tablesand funded by the ProfessionalBoard can be found in theirNewsletters and are posted onIFLANET or reported in IFLA Jour-nal throughout the year. Other fund-ed activities include seminars andmeetings, and UNESCO projectsand are recorded elsewhere in thisreport or in those of the Core Pro-grammes. NCLIS (National Com-mission for Library and InformationScience, USA) provided funds for:– a seminar on Universal Biblio-

graphic Control and UNIMARC,held in Tblisi, Georgia, 3-5 Octo-ber

– developing guidelines for provid-ing library and information ser-vices to disadvantaged persons

– a revision of the ISBD(S) stan-dard for serial publications.

The funds awarded by NCLIS for aUniversal Availability of Publica-tions seminar in 1997 were used forthe seminar held in Buenos Aires,Argentina, 20-25 September. Themeeting was organized by ABGRA(Asociación de Bibliotecarios Gradu-ados de la República Argentina)together with the UAP Core Pro-gramme.

8 Publications

In addition to the newsletters issuedby the majority of IFLA's Core Pro-grammes, Divisions, Sections andRound Tables and the promotionalbrochures of the professionalgroups, many in two or more lan-guages, several periodicals andmonographs were published byIFLA (for ALP, PAC, UAP, UBCIM,and UDT, see their annual reportselsewhere in this issue of IFLA Jour-nal or in the July issue).

8.1 Publications Committee

The members of the PublicationsCommittee were Klaus-DieterLehmann, Chair and ExecutiveBoard representative; and MarjorieBloss, Professional Board represen-

tative. Ross Shimmon was an exofficio member. Other memberswill be coopted when necessary.After the Bangkok Conference thePublications Committee was com-posed of Claudia Lux, Chair; KayRaseroka, Hans-Christoph Hobohmand Ross Shimmon. The Committeemeetings are scheduled to coincidewith Board meetings held at Head-quarters.

8.2 Editorial Committee

Members of the Editorial Commit-tee of IFLA Journal were: BarbroThomas (Stockholm (Chair)); RamónAbad Hiraldo (New York), HeinzFuchs (Göttingen), Isabelle Giannat-tasio (Paris), Nancy John (Chicago),Ludmila Kozlova (Moscow), Klaus-Dieter Lehmann (Frankfurt amMain (ex officio)), and EstelaMorales Campos (Mexico). After theBangkok Conference the EBappointed Maria Witt (Paris) toreplace Isabelle Giannattasio whohad resigned. Claudia Lux (Berlin) isan ex officio member of the Editori-al Committee.

8.3 Periodical Publications

– IFLA Journal, Vol. 25, was issuedsix times, the last being a doubleissue in November 1999.

– IFLA Council Report 1997-1999was sent to all members inNovember 1999.

8.4 Monographs in the series, IFLA Pub-lications

– Intelligent Library Buildings: Pro-ceedings of the 10th Seminar ofthe IFLA Section on LibraryBuildings and Equipment, editedby Marie-Françoise Bisbrouckand Marc Chauveinc, No. 88

– Adapting Marketing to Librariesin a Changing and WorldwideEnvironment/Le marketing desbibliothèques á l'heure duchangement et de la mondialisa-tion, edited by Réjean Savard, No.89

8.5 The series, IFLA ProfessionalReports

– Richtlinien für Easy-ReaderMaterial (German translation ofGuidelines for Easy-to-ReadMaterials, No. 54), prepared byAntje Cockrill, No. 57

– Proceedings of the IFLA/UNESCO Pre-Conference Semi-nar on Public Libraries, compiledand edited by IFLA Headquartersunder the auspices of the IFLASection for Public Libraries, No.58

– Directives pour les documentsfaciles-à-lire (French translationof Guidelines for Easy-to-ReadMaterials, No. 54), prepared by C.Gilguy, No. 59

– Russian translation of Guidelinesfor Easy-to-Read Materials, No.60

9 Grants and Prizes

The jury appointed by the ExecutiveBoard selected the recipient of theHans-Peter Geh Grant for Confer-ence Participation, sponsored by MrGeh, Honorary President of IFLA. Itwas awarded to Ms Natalia Zhadko,Director of the Rudomino SchoolTraining Centre based at the Libraryfor Foreign Literature in Moscow.Ms Zhadko used the funds to attendthe IFLA Conference in Bangkok.The Guust van Wesemael LiteracyPrize was awarded to June Baatjes,Rural Library Advisor of the West-ern Cape Education Library Service.The prize money will be used for aprogramme assisting adult basiceducation and training in some ofthe rural areas of the Western Cape.Other grants and scholarships underthe auspices of the ALP Core Pro-gramme are listed in its AnnualReport.

10 Relations with other Organizations

10.1 UNESCO

During the report period one con-tract was signed with UNESCO, No.403003.9, which will be undertakenby the National Library of Canadain close cooperation with the Con-ference of Directors of NationalLibraries. The contract is to prepareGuidelines for Legal Deposit Legis-lation, and will update the workundertaken by Jean Lunn and pub-lished by UNESCO in 1981. Therevision will incorporate new formsof publishing including multimedianetworked electronic publications,and the issues and challenges theypresent in a context of rapid changeand quickly evolving technology.The steps to be taken include exten-sive research; review and analysis ofrelevant literature; contact withnational libraries which have recent-

News Section


ly revised their legal deposit legisla-tion, particularly in those countrieswhose deposit legislation has beenor is in the process of being extend-ed to networked electronic publica-tions; and preparation of electronicversions of draft documents and leg-islation made available throughCDNL's listserve.

In December, UNESCO's GeneralConference endorsed the SchoolLibrary Manifesto and the resolu-tions emanating from the Interna-tional Conference on National Bibli-ographic Services held in Copen-hagen, Denmark, 25-27 November1998.

10.2 FID, ICA, IPADuring the Bangkok Conferencerepresentatives of FID and ICA metwith the Executive Board andUNESCO representatives. Consulta-tions with FID and ICA are held ona regular basis and plans are inplace for additional joint projects in2000. An FID/IFLA MillenniumOffer to personal affiliates of eachorganization inviting them tobecome a member of the other orga-nization for a reduced fee of 25%was established. Other forms ofcooperation with ICA includedmembership of the InternationalCommittee of the Blue Shield(ICBS), together with ICOM (Inter-national Committee on Museums),and ICOMOS (International Councilon Museums and Monuments).ICBS cooperates with UNESCO inhelping cultural services survive theresults of armed conflicts and natur-al disasters. Discussion continuedon the development of cooperativeprojects with IPA, particularly in thefield of archiving of electronic docu-ments and Digital Object Identifiers.

10.3 Representation at Meetings of otherOrganizations

January 25-27Bratislava. 7th International BOB-CATSSS Symposium, Klaus-DieterLehmann

March 1Paris, France. NGO consultation meetingon the societal impact of the new infor-mation and communication technologies,Sjoerd Koopman

March 25-28Leipzig, Germany. Book Fair, Klaus-Dieter Lehmann and Katya Genieva

April 19-21The Hague, Netherlands. European Con-ference organized by the European Com-mission on Preservation and Access,IFLA's PAC Core programme and theKoninklijke Bibliotheek on "PreservationManagement: Between Policy and Prac-tice", Sjoerd Koopman

April 20-24Moscow, Russian Federation. Internation-al Conference on International andNational Cataloguing Rules, EkatrinaGenieva

May 4-11Geneva, Switzerland. WIPO Meeting,Harald v. Hielmcrone, Danish expert

May 16-22.Crete, Greece. 20th IATUL Conference.Theme: "The Libraries of the Future inHuman Communication", Derek Law

May 17The Hague, Netherlands. Meeting ofICBS, Marie-Thérèse Varlamoff and RossShimmon

May 17-21Paris, France. ISO TC/46 Meetings, Chris-tine Deschamps

May 20Paris, France. Round Table organized byUnesco-NGO Liaison Committee on Cul-ture and Media in a Development Per-spective, Jan Ristarp

May 25-29Freiburg, Germany. 89th Deutscher Bib-liothekartag, Sjoerd Koopman and Char-lotta Brynger

May 28-30La Rochelle, France. Meeting of ABF,Ross Shimmon

June 5-13Crimea. 6th International Conference.Theme: "Libraries and Associations inthe Transient World: New Technologiesand New Forms of Cooperation", Ekate-rina Genieva and Matthijs Balfoort(member of the Standing Committee ofLibraries for the Blind)

June 10-12Vienna, Austria. Fourth meeting of theInternational Advisory Committee forthe Memory of the World Programme,Marie-Thérèse Varlamoff

June 15Frankfurt, Germany. Official welcome fornew Director-General of the Deutsche

Bibliothek, Ms Elisabeth Niggemann,Børge Sørensen

June 21-23Jerusalem, Israel. Visit with Israeli Orga-nizing Committee, Ross Shimmon,Derek Law and Børge Sørensen

June 24-25Paris, France. 2nd joint meeting of theBureau of the Intergovernmental Councilfor PGI and IIP, Christine Deschampsand Sjoerd Koopman

June 24-July 1New Orleans, USA. ALA Annual Confer-ence, Ross Shimmon

June 26-July 1Budapest, Hungary. ICSU and UNESCOWorld Science Conference, EkaterinaGenieva

September 7Copenhagen, Denmark. "Black Dia-mond" Conference on the occasion of theopening of the Royal Library, ChristineDeschamps

September 19-24Zurich, Switzerland. INTAMEL Confer-ence, Børge Sørensen and Ross Shim-mon

September 27-28Paris, France. Unesco Seminar on Elec-tronic Theses and Dissertations, MarjorieBloss and Ingrid Parent

October 1-3Ottawa, Canada. 3rd International PublicLending Right Conference, BarbaraClubb, Chair of Public Library Section

October 6-9Budapest, Hungary. 34th InternationalConference of the Round Table onArchives (CITRA), Ralph Manning

October 14-15Copenhagen, Denmark. PubliCA Confer-ence, Ross Shimmon and EkatarinaGenieva

October 17-23Colombo, Sri Lanka. IFLA Seminar onNetworking for Effective Libraries andInformation Services. Organized by SriLanka Library Association and theBritish Council, Russell Bowden

October 20-22Torquay, UK. Public Library AuthoritiesConference: "Something for Everyone:Public Libraries and the InformationSociety", Ross Shimmon



October 21-23Utrecht, Netherlands. "Digitization ofEuropean Cultural Heritage: Products-Principles-Techniques", Marie-ThérèseVarlamoff

October 22-23Rome, Italy. International Conference on"Cultural Work within the InformationSociety". Organized by the Council ofEurope and the City of Rome, ChristineDeschamps

October 22-23London, UK. ISBN Panel Discussion,Marie-France Plassard

October 23-31Pretoria, South Africa. 6th InternationalConference on Interlending and Docu-ment Supply. Theme: "Empowering Soci-ety through the Global Flow of Informa-tion". Organized by IFLA Office for Inter-national Lending, University of SouthAfrica, and State Library, Pretoria, SjoerdKoopman

November 10-13Paris, France. 30th Unesco General Con-ference, Sjoerd Koopman

November 16The Hague, Netherlands. FORCE meet-ing, Sjoerd Koopman

November 16-19Geneva, Switzerland. 3rd session of theStanding Committee on Copyright andRelated Rights, Harald von Hielcrome

November 17-19Luxembourg. Telematics in LibrariesConcertation meeting, Sjoerd Koopman

November 18Paris, France. Unesco meeting of theStates Parties to the 1954 Hague Con-vention for the Protection of CulturalProperty in the Event of Armed Conflict,Marie-Thérèse Varlamoff

December 2-3Caracas, Venezuela. Regional Meeting onthe Memory of the World programme.Sponsored by UNESCO, Hans Rütti-mann, Former Director of the Council onLibrary and Information Resources'sInternational Developments

11. Acknowledgments

The support of many of the fundingbodies - UNESCO, the US Govern-ment through NCLIS, the FrenchGovernment through the Ministry

of Culture, DSE (Deutsche Stiftungfür Internationale Entwicklung), theDutch Ministry of Education, Cul-ture, and Sciences, SIDA (SwedishInternational Development Authori-ty) - has been noted throughout thisreport, or those of the Core Pro-grammes. Not to be forgotten is thesupport given by the NationalLibraries (of Australia, Canada, Den-mark, Finland, Germany, Iceland,Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand,Norway, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzer-land, and Wales) for the develop-ment of the Core Programmes.IFLA's appreciation to the Konin-klijke Bibliotheek (National Libraryof the Netherlands), the BritishLibrary, the Bibliothèque Nationalede France, Die Deutsche Bibliothek,the National Library of Canada andUppsala University, Sweden forhosting IFLA Headquarters and theCore Programmes is gratefullyrecorded. A vote of thanks is alsoextended to the support of the Bib-lioteca Nacional (Caracas), theLibrary of Congress (USA), theNational Diet Library (Tokyo), theNational Library of Australia (Can-berra), and the M.I. Rudomino All-Russia State Library for Foreign Lit-erature (Moscow) for hosting theRegional Centres for the Core Pro-gramme for PAC, and to INIST(France) and the National LibraryBoard (Singapore) for hosting theIFLANET mirror sites. IFLA'sthanks is also recorded to the Bib-liothèque de l'Université CheikhAnta Diop de Dakar, Senegal; theThai Library Association, Bangkok;and FEBAB, Sao Paulo, Brazil forhosting the Regional Offices forAfrica, Asia and Oceania, and LatinAmerica and the Caribbean. IFLAalso is grateful to the Ministry ofCulture, the City of Copenhagen andthe Danish Library Community forsupporting the FAIFE Office.

IFLA's Patron Sponsors: K.G. SaurVerlag (Germany); Swets &Zeitlinger BV (Netherlands); GEACComputers Benelux BV (Nether-lands); SilverPlatter Information Ltd.(UK); Link International StorageProducts (UK); MCB UniversityPress Ltd. (UK); B.H. Blackwell's Ltd.(UK); H.W. Wilson Foundation(USA); OCLC (USA); 3M LibrarySystems (USA); Sun MicrosystemsComputer Company (USA); BlueAngel Technologies (USA), and IBMEast Europe/Asia, Ltd. (Russian Fed-eration) must also be acknowledged

for the funds or support in kind pro-vided, which were used for automa-tion, publications, and professionalactivities. Thanks are also accordedto IFLA's Sustaining and BasicSponsors.

During the report period the DutchNational Association of PublicLibraries sponsored members in theNetherlands Antilles, Aruba, Indone-sia, and Surinam; the Comitéfrançaise IFLA sponsored membersin Benin, Madagascar, and Mauri-tius; the Myanmar Library Associa-tion was sponsored by the NationalLibrary of Australia; the PeacePalace Library in the Netherlandssponsored the Library Association ofCuba; the National Library of Swe-den sponsored the NationalLibraries of Nicaragua and El Sal-vador; and the Dutch StichtingVrienden Blinden sponsored theCentral Library for the Blind, Israel.

Also to be recorded is the supportgiven to the Bangkok Organizers bymany international commercialfirms (Swets Subscription Service,OCLC, Geac, K.G. Saur), and Thaicompanies for the IFLA 1999 Coun-cil and General Conference and thesurrounding satellite events.

Finally, IFLA's gratitude is extendedto all IFLA officers, IFLA's volunteerteam of interpreters and translators,and their parent institutions withoutwhose voluntary services much ofIFLA's activities could not havebeen realized.

Introducing Kelly J. Moore,IFLA Membership Manager

I had been living in the Netherlands forabout four months, and was becomingincreasingly despondent about ever find-ing a job in the library community (dueto a lack of command of the Dutch lan-guage) when on LIBJOBS (the IFLA joblist) I saw, like a beacon, an advertise-ment to work at IFLA Headquarters. Per-fect.

I am a librarian, having recently grad-uated from the Faculty of InformationStudies (FIS) at the University of Toron-to. It took quite a number of years tofinally make a choice of profession, part-ly because I just enjoy being a student. Icame to librarianship via an undergrad-uate degree in English literature fromYork University in Toronto, and a Mas-ters degree in Medieval Studies from theUniversity of York in England.

News Section


Annual Report 1999 of theIFLA ALP Core Programme byGunilla Natvig, Administra-tive Officer

Background

The mission of the Advancement ofLibrarianship Programme (ALP) is to fur-ther the library profession, library insti-tutions and library and information ser-vices in the developing countries ofAfrica, Asia and Oceania, and LatinAmerica and the Caribbean.

Within the special ALP areas the Medi-um-Term Programme (MTP) goals are toassist in continuing education and train-ing; to support the development oflibrary associations; to promote theestablishment and development oflibrary and information services to thegeneral public, including the promotionof literacy; and to promote the introduc-tion of new technology into library ser-vices.

The scope of ALP is wide. Cooperationwith relevant IFLA professional bodiesand with regional and internationalorganizations is therefore essential forthe implementation of the programme.

ALP achieves its goals through a care-fully planned programme of differentactivities in close cooperation withIFLA's Regional Offices, IFLA's RegionalDivision and its three Sections, and otherpartners. This cooperation includes activ-ities such as fund-raising, scholarships

and attachment programmes, confer-ences, seminars and workshops, pilotprojects, publications and databases.

Staff and Finance

The International Focal Point (IFP) forALP at Uppsala University Library isfunded by IFLA, Uppsala University and24 Nordic library associations and insti-tutions. Danida pays for one half-timeposition and for translations and publi-cations. Sida funds are also used for thesecretariat. The cost for the IFP in 1999was SEK 860,000 which included staff,travel, material and equipment. To thisshould be added contributions in kindfrom Uppsala University Library (officespace, mail and communication facili-ties).

Birgitta Bergdahl, Core ProgrammeDirector, was on sick leave during 1999.Birgitta Sandell, Programme Officer,changed from working from 50% to100% in April. Gunilla Natvig, Adminis-trative Officer, worked at 80% through-out the year.

Professional Activities

More than SEK 15.9 million has beeninvested in programme activities sincethe programme became fully operationalin 1992. The sponsors in 1999 were:Sida, Danida, Finnida, the FinnishLibrary Association, Norad and threeSwedish library associations. In addition,those responsible for projects in theregions contributed with their own

resources and raised considerable fundsfrom external sources. The total amountthat ALP paid for projects and other pro-gramme activities in 1999 was SEK 2.5million.

ALP Meetings and Seminars

Danida granted more than USD 220,000towards JICPA (Joint IFLA/ICA Commit-tee on Preservation in Africa) for theperiod 1997-1999. The members repre-sent the four ICA (International Councilon Archives) chapters in Africa, and thefive sub-regions of IFLA's Regional Sec-tion for Africa. The Chair is the ChiefLibrarian of Benin University Library inTogo, F.K. Afanou, and the SecretaryGeneral is the Director of the NationalArchives of Kenya, M. Musembi. Thefourth meeting of the JICPA Committeetook place in Lomé, Togo, 9-11 March.

A Meeting on the Bilingual Journal ofAfrican Librarianship and InformationScience took place at the University ofIbadan, Nigeria, 15-17 July. The meetingwas chaired by Bunmi Alegbeleye whowas also the convenor. The meetingdecided on the following title, Journal ofLibrarianship and Information Sciencein Africa/Revue de Bibliothéconomie etScience de l'information en Afrique.Members of the Editorial committeecome from Ghana, Kenya, Morocco,Namibia, Senegal and South Africa. Thisproject is financed by Sida.

The West African Conference onLibrary Association Management and

From the Core Programmes


Moving to England was an experiencefar beyond my expectations. Though Ihad done some overseas travellingbefore, I had never been to the UnitedKingdom, and had no idea what I was infor. I developed a great appreciation forchurch architecture, stained glass win-dows, and pints of tepid bitter. I stayedon in York for nearly two years after mystudies, then returning to Canada tobegin life at FIS.

My first few weeks at FIS came as abit of a shock. Having been immersed inthe glories of medieval manuscripts, Iwas somewhat unprepared for Internetsearches, MARC codes and managementtheory. But eventually I found my nichein the age of print. I concentrated mystudies in the area of Rare Books and

Manuscripts. My projects included thedesign of an exhibition of manusciptsand printed works by Leonard Cohen, astudy of the fine print work of the Stan-brook Abbey Press, and an analyticalbibliography of the earliest editions ofSusanna Moodie's Roughing It in theBush.

My employment history is ratherstrange and varied. I worked as anadministrative assistant in the headoffice of the Academy of Canadian Cine-ma & Television, and in the legal depart-ment of a large securities firm. I workedin a university library doing derived cat-aloguing. I have been a bar tender, ashop assistant, a tutor, and even a heavyequipment operator on a constructionsite. I am sure many of the skills I have

attained so far (like a good sense ofhumour - a necessity when driving asteam roller for 12 hours a day!) will becalled up in my work here at IFLA HQ.

I have been fortunate to be able tospend some time with my predecessor inthis job, a welcome situation as there isso much to learn about IFLA. The tasksof the Membership Manager are varied;each day is unlike every other. Mylessons from Charlotta Brynger shouldhold me in good stead, and I hope willallow for a relatively smooth transition. Ilook forward to the challenges that lieahead, and will do my best for all currentand future IFLA members.

Kelly J. Moore


Networking took place in Ibadan, Nige-ria, October 1999. Chairs of library asso-ciations and the National Librariansfrom Benin, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Niger,Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Senegal andNigeria attended the seminar. A motionto re-establish WALA, the West AfricanLibrary Association, was unanimouslyadopted by the conference. Sida fundedthis conference.

A workshop on "Information andCommunication Technologies in Com-munity Rural Secondary Schools inAfrica" took place in Harare, Zimbabwefrom 29 November to 3 December, withparticipants from Botswana, Lesotho,Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, SouthAfrica, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbab-we. The final outcome of the workshopwill be the publication of the workshopproceedings.

A Latin American Seminar on"Library Associations" was held in Mex-ico, 14-20 March. This seminar was coor-dinated by Rosa María Fernández deZamora of the National AutonomousUniversity of Mexico (UNAM). Withmoney from Sida, ALP financed the par-ticipation of representatives from 13countries. A report was published inIFLA/LAC Newsletter No. 34, June 1999.

A Workshop on "Management andDevelopment of Library Associations inAsia and Oceania" was held in Bangkok,26 August. The workshop was organizedby IFLA's Regional Section for Asia andOceania joint with the Round Table onLibrary Association Management. Themorning session chaired by RashidahBegum was introduced by Russell Bow-den and was attended by about 60 par-ticipants. The afternoon session onlibrary advocacy strategies, chaired byAmelia McKenzie, was attended by about40 participants. Amelia McKenzie willedit the proceedings of the workshopand develop them into a publication toserve as a guide for those involved inmanaging library associations in devel-oping countries.

A Workshop on "Networking for Effec-tive Libraries and Information Services"was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka, 17-23October. The seminar was organized byRussell Bowden and the Sri LankaLibrary Association, and there were par-ticipants from Bangladesh, India, Mal-dives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.The recommendations have been put upon DelNet and IFLANET. The Proceed-ings will be published in the IFLA ALPReport series. The seminar was spon-sored by ALP with funding from Sida.

IFLA's General Conference inBangkok

With money from Danida, ALP financedthe participation of Eduardo Baez, Librospara Niños, Nicaragua, at the conference.He gave a speech at the seminar on smalllibrary units.

Finnida granted USD 7,000 for thesatellite meeting on "Collecting andSafeguarding the Oral Traditions" inKhon Kaen.

Danida Travel Grants

In 1998 Danida allocated a yearly sum ofDKK 900,000, for the setting up of a Con-ference Travel Grant. The intention wasto enable librarians from developingcountries to attend the IFLA GeneralConferences. To start with, the grant runsfor a three-year period and the IFLABangkok Conference 1999 was the firstconference to which the grant could beapplied. The sponsorship covered regis-tration, travel, accommodation and adaily allowance. Thirty-nine people fromthe regions were supported to attend theconference. The responsibility for theadministration of the grant lies with theALP Secretariat.

Scholarships and Attachments

Scholarships in Information Technologyto the Asian Institute of Technology(AIT), Bangkok, Thailand

Two scholarships were awarded for thethree-months training course in ModernInformation Technology in 1999 at theAIT. The recipients were Ms OyuntulgaMandshir, Mongolia and Ms NguyenHong Hanh, Vietnam. Due to few regis-trations there was no course in 1999 andthe two candidates have been offered theopportunity to attend the course in 2000.These scholarships are funded by Sida.

Scholarships in Information Technology to INSDOC, New Delhi,India

Scholarships were awarded to ThanTun Aung, Myanmar and BalaramShrestha, Nepal. These scholarshops arefunded by Finnida.

In Service Training, Attachments, forMiddle or Senior Staff

Four persons were selected for attach-ments in 1999 at institutions in theregion: Ms Mereani Vakasisikakala, Fiji;Kim Myong Ho, North Korea; Chen Ye,China; and Ms Endang Sri Setijawati,Indonesia. Host institutions were the

National Library of Australia and theNational Library Board of Singapore.This project is funded by three Swedishlibrary associations and by the FinnishLibrary Association with additionalmoney from Finnida.

The candidates for both programmeswere selected by the Advisory andAppraisal Committee of the RegionalStanding Committee for Asia and Ocea-nia.

The Bart Nwafor Staff DevelopmentProgramme

The Bart Nwafor Staff DevelopmentProgramme in Africa started in 1997with funding from Norad. The RegionalOffice for Africa is responsible for theprogramme and ALP IFP holds and dis-burses the funds and gives a statementof accounts to Norad. Selected for 1999were Davies Muunga, Zambia; RichardKrirui, Kenya; Ms Olyemisi Dina, Nige-ria; Awasom Innocent Afuh, Cameroon;Abdessadek Abdelali, Morocco; and, MsChoma Euriel Uzohue, Nigeria. Hostinstitutions were Rhodes UniversityLibrary, South Africa; University of PortElisabeth Library, South Africa; Centrede recherches sur le développement del'agriculture, Ivory Coast; University ofNairobi Library, Kenya; InternationalInstitute of Tropical Agriculture, Nigeria;and the University of Zimbabwe Library.

Other Ongoing Projects

Zimbabwe Book Fair. In cooperationwith the IFLA Africa Regional Sectionand IFLA's Regional Office for Africa,ALP participated at the Zimbabwe Inter-national Book Fair in Harare, 4-7 August.Stan Made, Chair of the IFLA RegionalStanding Committee for Africa, wasresponsible for the stand and the exhibi-tion. The stand was funded by Sida.

Minor Field Studies (MFS). Sida has acooperation programme with Swedishuniversities, Minor Field Studies (MFS),and the ALP Secretariat is administeringthis programme within the library field.The programme aims at giving Swedishstudents the opportunity to carry out atwo-months' study in a developing coun-try. In 1999 two students carried outstudies at the Central Library of Scienceand Technology in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Publications and other Dissemination Activities

The following issues were published inthe ALP Project Report Series (ISSN1023-8212) in 1999:

News Section


– Suministro de información rural enpaíses en desarrollo - medición deldesempeño e impacto, Preparado porUNESCO por Antoinette F. Corréa,traducción a español de Gloria M.Rodríguez y Eva Zimerman, No. 13

– Education for Librarianship andInformation Science in Africa, editedby Michael Wise, No. 14

– Regional Conference on PublicLibraries: Planning for Future Needs:Proceedings of the Workshop Held inKuala Lumput, Malaysia, 10-12November 1997, edited by EveJohansson, No. 15.

Annual Report 1999 of theIFLA PAC Core Programme by Marie-Thérèse Varlamoff,Director; and Virginie Kremp,Programme Officer

Reorganization and Management

International Focal Point

Ania Zalenskaia was appointed toreplace Virginie Kremp for one year.

Regional Centres

Ramón Sánchez in Caracas was replacedby Aurelio Alvarez in November; andCliff Law in Canberra was replaced byColin Webb in December.

Annual Meeting of PAC Directors,Bangkok, 24 August

Three Directors of the six regional cen-tres were present and the others sentrepresentatives:– Marie-Thérèse Varlamoff, Programme

Director– Ania Zalenskaia, Programme Officer – Galina Kislovskaya, Director of

Moscow Centre – Ramón Sánchez, Director of Caracas

Centre – Jan Fullerton, Director of National

Library of Australia representing CliffLaw, Director of Canberra Centre

– Debra McKern, representing MarkRoosa, Director of the WashingtonCentre

– Takenori Horimoto, representingRyuji Yonemura, Director of the TokyoCentre.

Observers :– Ralph Manning, Chair of Division VI

and former Chair of the Section onPreservation and Conservation

– John McIlwaine, New Chair of the Sec-tion

– Hans Rütimann representing CLIR(Commission on Preservation andAccess).

Though all missing PAC directors wereefficiently represented, it was difficult todiscuss activities for the next 12 monthsand to try to assess the needs for moreregional centres. Translations of basicmanuals seem in progress: as theyremain a major concern it was suggestedthat a student from a library school beasked to implement a computerizedinventory of books and articles that havebeen translated.

Each centre seems to have specificconcerns ranging from traditionalrestoration to conservation, microfilmingor digitization, disaster preparedness oremergency planning. IPN is regularlypublished by the international focalpoint and disseminated by the regionalcentres. Better cooperation is asked fromthe regional centres, which were invitedto send articles and to prepare a wholeissue on preservation activities in theirregion. Deacidification and the use ofpermanent paper remain a major con-cern for all centres. Canada, Germanyand the Netherlands have asked for therevision of ISO standard 9706, and theUNESCO survey on the use of perma-nent paper is in process.

Activities

Publications

– International Preservation News.Three issues of IPN were published:No. 18, January 1999; No. 19, July1999; and No. 20, December 1999.

– International Preservation Issues.IFLA Principles for the Care and Han-dling of Library Material have beentranslated into Russian (July 1999) bythe Moscow regional centre and intoPolish (October 1999) by the Universi-ty Library of Wroclaw. The IFLA Prin-ciples orders sent to IFLA Headquar-ters brought some NLG 1,500 andabout ten translations are in progressor already published (Japanese, Greek,Turkish, Spanish, Portuguese, Arabic,French, Malaysian, Slovene, Italian).

– IFLA/UNESCO Survey on Digitisa-tion and Preservation, compiled andedited by Sara Gould and RichardEbdon under the direction of Marie-Thérèse Varlamoff was published byUAP in August as No. 2 of IPI (Inter-national Preservation Issues).

– CD-ROM (see below)

On the whole, PAC publishing activi-ties seem to meet the requirements fromthe international preservation communi-ty if we consider the increasing numberof demands from people asking to beadded to the IPN mailing list.

JICPA (Joint IFLA/ICA Committee forPreservation in Africa)

The annual meeting took place in Lomé,Togo. As the initial date changed twice, itwas not possible for Ania Zalenskaia, thenew Programme Officer, representingthe director, to attend.

Two conservation workshops wereorganized thanks to the support ofUNESCO. One was held in Harare, Zim-babwe, 25-29 January. Nine participantsfrom the following countries (Ghana,Nigeria, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Ugan-da, Namibia, and Zimbabwe) attendedthe workshop, in English, which washosted by the National Archives of Zim-babwe. The second was held in Praia,Cape Verde, 12-17 April. This workshopgathered 12 participants from Por-tuguese-speaking countries (Portugal,Mozambique, Angola, Saô Tomé ePrincipe, and Cape Verde).

So far it is hard to tell how much ben-efit is drawn from those workshops. Asthere is no real follow up it is difficult tocheck whether all trainees become train-ers when they go back to their countryand whether, because of strenuous eco-nomical situations, they can put intopractice what they have been taught. Itseems that those workshops are a way ofraising awareness and of showing theright gestures and attitude but they aretoo short in length to be considered as atraining course.

Blue Shield

PAC spent a lot of time on Blue Shieldactivities, which can be divided as fol-lows:

– ICBS (International Committee of theBlue Shield) meetings. Five meetingstook place in 1999. One of them washosted by IFLA Headquarters in TheHague. IFLA proposed that it host theICBS Web site on the IFLANET. ICAproposed that George MacKenzie,Deputy Secretary General, acts asICBS executive, which was most wel-come by all participants.

– Revision of the 1954 Hague Conven-tion for the protection of cultural her-itage in the event of armed conflict.Ms Varlamoff and Sjoerd Koopmanrepresented IFLA at the Diplomatic



Conference that took place in Marchin The Hague and attended the signa-ture of the 2nd Protocol to the Con-vention on 17 May in The Hague. ThisProtocol recognizes the existence andthe role of ICBS as an advisory body.UNESCO organized a conference forthe ratification of the 2nd Protocol inParis on 18 November and Ms Var-lamoff attended as IFLA representa-tive.

– Conference. UNESCO organized aconference in Paris on 23-24 Septem-ber on the theme of "Cultural Her-itage at Risk" and Ms Varlamoffchaired one of the sessions. This con-ference gathered some 100 partici-pants from 40 countries.

– National Blue Shield Committees.There have been various initiatives todevelop national committees in theUK (on the initiative of Graham Cor-nish a meeting was held in London),in the Netherlands (on the initiative ofSjoerd Koopman) and in France.

– Kosovo. George MacKenzie wrote adraft action plan for Kosovo and RossShimmon decided, on behalf of IFLA,to support action in Kosovo and tocontribute NLG 7,000. Considering thedifficult, if not desperate situation ofcountries at war and the numerousnatural disasters that occurred duringthe past year, it is obvious that IFLAmust still increase its presence withinICBS and campaign to promote thecreation of national committees. Allactions led in the context of ICBSremain useful in times of peace aspreventive measures.

Standardization

Ms Varlamoff is a member of twoAFNOR (French Standards Association)working groups: Requirements for thepreservation of library materials whenexhibited; and Assessment methods todetermine the state of preservation ofarchives and library materials. She par-ticipated in 10 AFNOR meetings in 1999.

UNESCO Contracts

– on digitized collections. The survey ondigitized collection in major culturalinstitutions was finally published;

– an inventory of the most importantdigitized collections of nationalregional or worldwide interest hasbeen set in the form of a freely acces-sible database on the UNESCO Website. It will be updated regularly byUNESCO and IFLA PAC.

– CD-ROM on the safeguarding of doc-umentary heritage, bilingual, English

and French, this CD-ROM, based onthe brochure "Preservation and Con-servation Standards for Documents"by the Memory of the World Sub-Committee on Technology has beenproduced in collaboration with AstridBrandt from the Mission on Researchand Technology of the French Ministryof Culture. It will be distributed free ofcharge to library schools and preser-vation services in national libraries ormain research libraries, particularly indeveloping countries.

Conferences

PAC has actively been involved in theorganization of five conferences.

– Preservation Management. On the ini-tiative of PAC, this conference washeld in cooperation with ECPA (Euro-pean Commission on Preservationand Access) and the Koninklijke Bib-liotheek. It took place in The Hague,18-21 April and gathered 130 atten-dees from 40 countries. Ms Varlamoffchaired one of the sessions.

– Collecting and Safeguarding the OralTradition. Khon Kaen, 16-19 August.This was the official ProfessionalBoard-sponsored seminar of the IFLAConference in Thailand and gathered68 participants from 36 countries.

– Cultural Heritage at Risk. This confer-ence was held in Paris, 23-24 Septem-ber. It was organized by UNESCOwith the collaboration of ICBS. Onehundred participants from 40 coun-tries were present and Ms Varlamoff,as a member of the InternationalWorking Team for Cultural Heritageat Risk chaired one of the sessions.

– Symposium 2000. Thirteen meetingshave been held to prepare this sympo-sium which is to be a post-seminar ofthe IFLA Jerusalem Conference on"Managing the Preservation of Period-icals and Newspapers". The seminarwill be hosted by the Bibliothèquenationale de France, Paris, 21-24August 2000, and Ms Varlamoff is theChair of the organizing committee. Itis being organized jointly by IFLAPAC, the IFLA Section on Preservationand Conservation, the IFLA RoundTable on Newspapers and the IFLASection on Serial Publications.

– Prévention 2000. This seminar isorganized by the CNRS (FrenchNational Scientific Research Centre)with the collaboration of the FrenchCommittee for the Blue Shield. It willbe held in Draguignan, Var (south ofFrance) in November 2000. Three

preparatory meetings have alreadybeen held.

Cooperation

With PAC Regional Centres

– Official opening of the Moscow Cen-tre, 28 June, by Sjoerd Koopman andMarie-Thérèse Varlamoff

– Preservation Seminar in St. Peters-burg, October. IFLA PAC was repre-sented by Ania Zalenskaia, Pro-gramme Officer

– Tenth anniversary of the PAC Centrein Tokyo. MTV was asked to delivertwo papers and visited preservationlabs in Tokyo, at the National DietLibrary, and others in Kyoto.

Within IFLA

– UAP: UNESCO contract on digitizedcollections

– ALP: preservation workshops in theframework of JICPA

– UBCIM: on the inclusion of the logoof permanent paper in national bibli-ographies

– UDT: updating information on PACand mounting the contents of IFLApublications on the IFLANET

– Section on Preservation and Conser-vation, Section on Serial Publications,Round Table on Newspapers : Prepa-ration of "Symposium 2000".

With NGOs

– ICA (International Council ofArchives) – ICBS (International Committee of

the Blue Shield)– JICPA (Joint IFL/ICA Committee

for Preservation in Africa)– ICOM (International Council of Muse-

ums) – ICBS

– ICOMOS (International Council onMonuments and Sites)– ICBS

– CLIR (Council on Library and Infor-mation Resources)– JICPA– Publications (especially translations

for Portuguese-speaking Africancolleagues)

– UNESCO– Preservation workshops in Africa– CD-ROM on the safeguarding of

documentary heritage– Survey on the long-term preserva-

tion of digitized materials andinventory of digitized collections

– Revision of the 1954 Hague Con-vention on the Protection of Cultur-al Heritage in the Event of ArmedConflict

News Section


– Conference "Cultural Heritage atRisk"

– Ministère de la Culture et de la Com-munication, Mission de la Rechercheet de la Technologie (France)– CD-ROM on the safeguarding of

documentary heritage– ECPA (European Commission on

Preservation and Access)– Conference on Preservation Man-

agement– Koninklijke Bibliotheek, The Hague

– Conference on Preservation Man-agement.

Visits and Participation at Conferences and Meetings

Marie-Thérèse Varlamoff representedIFLA at the following meetings:– January 17-19. Madrid, Spain. MOW

Sub-committee on Technology– March 22-26. The Hague, Netherlands.

Meeting with the Professional Boardand Diplomatic Conference on theRevision of the 1954 Hague Conven-tion

– April 18-21. The Hague, Netherlands.Managing Preservation Conference

– May 5. Seumur en Auxois, France.Standardization meeting on exhibi-tions

– May 16-20. The Hague and Amster-dam, Netherlands. Signature of theHague Convention, 2nd Protocol, and21st Docuworld Conference

– June 3-6. New York, USA. 2nd Interna-tional Virtual Library Conference

– June 26-29. Moscow, Russian Federa-tion. Opening of the PAC RegionalCentre

– August 16-19. Khon Kaen, Thailand.IFLA Pre-session Seminar

– August 21-28. Bangkok, Thailand.IFLA Conference

– September 1-2. Lyon, France. ICOMConservation Committee Conference

– September 23-24. Paris, France.UNESCO Conference, "Cultural Her-itage at Risk"

– October 20-23. Utrecht, Netherlands.Conference on Digitization of Euro-pean Cultural Heritage

– October 18-22. St. Petersburg, RussianFederation. Preservation Seminar

– November 6-12. Tokyo, Japan. 10thanniversary of PAC Regional Centre

– November 18. Paris, France. UNESCOratification of the 2nd Protocol to the1954 Hague Convention

– November 25-26. Toulouse, France.Standardization meeting on exhibi-tions.

Finances and Fund-Raising

Salaries, clerical support, travel and pub-lishing expenses are shared by IFLA andthe BnF on the basis of the contractbetween IFLA and the BnF. Specificactivities and projects have to be funded,a task which is very time-consuming. In1999 PAC was able to pursue most of itsactivities thanks to the UNESCO con-tracts that had been spread over a two-year scheme. But the continuation ofactivities like ICBS or JICPA will needextra efforts from IFLA Headquarters ifno funds can be raised from externalsources. The sale of IFLA Principles forthe Care and Handling of Library Mater-ial by IFLA HQ brought NLG 1,500which will be used by PAC for transla-tions.

Activities of Regional Centres

Raising Awareness

Raising awareness within national insti-tutions where funds are not available tosend professionals abroad is of majorimportance. In this respect, the centre inMoscow is very active in organizing dailyconsultations on different aspects ofpreservation within the region. Aware-ness-raising also consists in lendingvideo films on major preservation issueson request and in alerting the generalpublic thanks to radio interviews.

The Library for Foreign Literature inMoscow also held six training seminarson preservation management.

In November the centre in Tokyo cele-brated the 10th anniversary of the cre-ation of its PAC centre by organizing asymposium entitled "Networks in Asia:Preservation Cooperation Hereafter" inorder to promote cooperation in Asia.The centre also held its annual forum onpreservation, "How to Put Out a Fire?Fire Extinguishing Facilities in Librariesand Archives".

A staff member from the centre inCanberra organized a workshop on thetechnical aspects of audio preservationwithin the satellite meeting of the gener-al conference of IFLA in Khon Kaen.

Coordination and Cooperation

The Centre in Moscow has been involvedin developing a Russian National Preser-vation Programme. It is also a memberof the national working committee onmicrofilming standards.

The Centre in Paris has hosted sixmeetings with ICOM, ICOMOS, and ICArepresentatives in order to create a

French National Blue Shield Committeeso as to make Blue Shield recommenda-tions applicable at the national level andhelp trigger more consciousness on dis-aster planning. Disaster planning andpreparedness activities are rather devel-oped in Anglo-Saxon institutions, but alot of efforts have still to be put togetherin France. The BnF is elaborating asophisticated emergency plan for its var-ious sites. Three working groups wereconstituted to reflect on reaction teams,volunteers, emergency equipment andplaces to store it, suppliers, etc. Ms Var-lamoff attended the meetings, and col-lected and provided documentation fromother countries. It is expected that oncethe BnF emergency plan is operational itwill serve as a model for other librariesor archives in the country.

In Caracas, the National Library ofVenezuela is involved in the creation ofnational standards in the informationfield. A national standard for the produc-tion of permanent paper has been trans-lated into Spanish and published.

Training

This is a type of activity that has fullyintegrated the policies of all PAC region-al centres. Although it is sometimes dif-ficult to work out whether it is a 100%PAC activity or activities that are part ofthe overall educational and training pro-gramme of the library, the importantthing to take into account is the profes-sional support and follow up which isgiven from the PAC regional centres.Some centres, such as Caracas, regardtraining as part of their PAC label anduse that label to get funding from inter-national sources. Caracas gave a 210-hour basic course on the conservation ofgraphic documents to eight participantsfrom Venezuela.

All centres "lent" some experts toassist professionals from other nationalinstitutions or from abroad to providethem with their technical expertise. Thecentres in Caracas and Moscow welcomenational professionals and/or students inorder to meet local demands andbecause they are the only institutionsthat gather professional expertise andtechnical equipment and facilities. Onthe other hand, centres that cover largeror scattered territories such as Tokyo andCanberra welcome internationaldemands. That depends on the geograph-ical and political background of the cen-tres.

In the second half of 1999, the centrein Washington launched its preventive



conservation internship and hosted twointerns.

The centre in Paris was very active bycoordinating two preservation work-shops in Africa within the JICPA frame-work, one in English in Harare, Zimbab-we and the other in Portuguese in CapeVerde.

Publications

IFLA Principles for the Care and Han-dling of Library Material have beentranslated and published in Russian bythe centre in Moscow and in Japanese(not published yet) by the centre inTokyo. The French translation is wellunderway by the centre in Paris and willbe published by the end of July 2000.

Distribution of IPN. The PAC newslet-ter, International Preservation News(IPN), is widely distributed by all centres(for instance, 500 addresses for Australiaand Oceania alone, 600 for WesternEurope, Africa and the Middle East).

The centres in Caracas and Moscowcontinue to translate the relevant articlescontained in IPN into Spanish and Russ-ian. The centre in Canberra includes aninsert with each issue in order to forwardregional information.

International Preservation Issues No.2 (IPI). Number 2 of IPI was devoted to a"Survey of Digitisation and Preserva-tion" undertaken within anIFLA/UNESCO contract. That issue wasdistributed widely by all centres (300copies for Australia, 70 copies for Tokyo).

The National Library of Venezuela isinvolved in a translation project financedby the Andrew W. Mellon Foundationthrough CLIR. These translations arepublished in Conservaplan. Issue n°14 ofConservaplan was distributed during thesecond half of the year.

The distribution of the CD-ROM Pho-tographs of Latin America and theCaribbean in the XIXth Century wascompleted. A few copies are still avail-able in Caracas for further requests.Another 100 copies are available fromthe international focal point in Paris.

The proceedings of the 9th AnnualSymposium on Preservation organizedby the centre in Tokyo were published bythe Japan Library Association in October.

PAC Regional Centres, the Internet andDigitization

Communication. The PAC centre inTokyo has a new Web site in English ded-

icated to PAC activities <http://www.ndl.go.jp/e/iflapac/index.html>. The PACcentre is Moscow has also launched aPAC homepage in Russian. That bringsto four the centres (with the centres inParis and Canberra) which have devel-oped online access to PAC activities with-in their regions.

Research. The centre in Australia isforward-looking as far as digitization isconcerned and has developed the PADI(Preserving Access to Digital Informa-tion) Web site created in 1997 with morepowerful search capacities and a newdiscussion list. The centre also takes partin an international digital archiving col-laboration, together with the CEDARSproject, the Digital Library Federationand the Research Libraries Group. Theydiscuss digital archiving and preserva-tion issues and devise ways of sharinginformation and developmental work.The Digital Preservation Research Agen-da Working Group was formed out of anagreement between the National Libraryof Australia and the State and TerritoryLibraries. The agenda focuses largely onpreservation metadata issues and on dis-tributing information on approaches totransferring data from less stable tomore stable carriers. PANDORA (Pre-serving and Accessing Network Docu-mentary Resources of Australia) aims isto preserve Australian online publica-tions for long-term access.

Projects. The Cellulose Acetate Preser-vation project is a new initiative to berun early in 2000. The aim is to collateinformation about ways of dealing withdeteriorating cellulose acetate collectionsboth within the National Library of Aus-tralia and nationally and to developsome recommendations for dealing withthat material. The centre in Canberra isalso developing a pilot preservation out-reach programme directly into the SouthPacific and South East Asian region, inorder to provide training service specificto the needs of libraries in the regionand build close and positive links amongthe National Library of Australia and itsneighbors. A training manual in Englishis planned to be published and mountedon the Internet by the centre in Tokyo. Anew project was developed by the centrein Caracas and will be presented to theVenezuelan government in order toobtain funding for a second level annu-al training course in paper conservation.

Activities within the Network of theRegional Centres

Thanks to Amparo de Torres' persever-ance a preservation awareness poster

"Framework for the Preservation of Col-lections" has been translated into Span-ish, printed with funding from a Japan-ese paper company and mailed to over3,000 individuals and institutions inLatin America and the Caribbean. Dis-semination was done in cooperation withthe centre in Caracas. This is an unusualexample of coordination among centresthat should set an example for furthercommon activities.

Closer links should be forged amongthe regional centres. One could think ofsome kind of North-South cooperation(USA and Latin America for instance).This is an issue that has been underlinedby the centre in Tokyo which wishes toextend working activities with the helpof its colleagues from Canberra. That is atopic that deserves further planning.

Annual Report 1999 of theUAP Core Programme by Graham Cornish, Director;and Sara Gould, ProgrammeOfficer

Staffing

Staffing remained constant in 1999. TheOffice for UAP and International Lendingcontinues to share an office and staffresources with the British Library Copy-right Office. Together, the office has sixstaff (5.3 FTE): Graham Cornish, UAPProgramme Director and British LibraryCopyright Officer; Sara Gould, UAP Pro-gramme Officer (50%); Judy Watkins,British Library Copyright Office; PaulineConnolly, UAP Research Officer/BLCopyright Office (80%); Richard Ebdon,UAP Research Officer/BL CopyrightOffice; and Tracy Bentley, Office Admin-istrator/PA.

Activities

UAP Seminars

Two successful UAP Seminars were heldin 1999: – UAP in South East Asia. This was held

on 25 August 1999 in Bangkok duringthe IFLA General Conference. Thisrepresented a follow-up Seminar to anearlier UAP Seminar held for thesame region in 1995. Speakers fromthe same countries - in some cases thesame speakers - attended and gave anoverview of progress in their region inthe area of resource sharing, interli-brary loan, library development andaccess to published material. This was

News Section


the first time a second UAP seminarhad been held in a region, and offeredthe chance to assess progress inlibrary development since 1995. Pro-ceedings are being published.

– UAP in Latin America. This was heldin Buenos Aries, 21-24 September1999; participants attended fromArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Cuba,Honduras, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuelaand Mexico. This was the first UAPsession to be held in this region andwas highly successful with some veryprofessional presentations and anopportunity to understand many ofthe complex library and informationprovision issues of the area.

Interlending & Document Supply Inter-national Conference

The Office has been the joint organizerof this conference since its inception: the6th in the series was held in Pretoria, 25-29 October 1999, and the proceedingsare being published by the Office. The7th will be held in Ljubljana in 2001,organized jointly with the National andUniversity Library in Ljubljana.

UNESCO/IFLA Survey on Digitizationand Preservation

This project, carried out in conjunctionwith IFLA PAC, had three strands, andthe major part of the work was carriedout in 1999:– a survey by questionnaire of current

digitization activity around the world.The results were published asIFLA/UNESCO Survey on Digitisa-tion and Preservation, compiled andedited by Sara Gould and RichardEbdon under the direction of Marie-Thérèse Varlamoff.

– A report on digital preservation activ-ities: a joint article by Marie-ThérèseVarlamoff and Sara Gould, publishedon the UNESCO Web site, and willappear in International PreservationNews, May 2000.

– Development of the IFLA/UNESCO Directory of Digitised Col-lections. This directory lists major cul-tural heritage collections which havebeen digitised, and provides access tothe collections itself. Developed in theframework of UNESCO's "Memory ofthe World" Programme, the site willbuild into a "virtual library" of digi-tized cultural collections.

FLA Voucher Scheme

The Voucher Scheme continues to be apopular solution to the challenges of pay-ing for interlibrary loan transactions

between countries. The number of newlibraries joining the Scheme continues togrow, as does the number of countrieshaving participating libraries, and thenumber of vouchers both sold andredeemed. During 1999, the list of par-ticipating libraries on IFLANET has beenoverhauled, and a useful system forrefunding redeemed vouchers via OCLCfor OCLC IFM customers has now beenimplemented. No progress was made onplans to establish an electronic voucherscheme.

Twinning between Libraries

The UNESCO-supported project to devel-op and maintain a database for matchinglibraries seeking twinning partnersended in December. Regrettably, ourfinal conclusion was that the labor-inten-sive work involved in matching libraries,communicating with applicant librariesand maintaining the database cannot bejustified by the very small number ofsuccessful partnerships which haveemerged. A final report has been submit-ted to UNESCO, and it remains to beseen whether further work will be iden-tified in this area.

International Guidelines

In 1999, guidelines were developed toassist libraries in sending interlibraryloan requests by e-mail. The guidelinescan be applied to single or ad hocrequests which are sent betweenlibraries in the form of standard e-mailmessages, and are designed to be usedalongside existing national or regionalguidelines.

We have also developed a list of ILLresponse codes which aim to overcomelinguistic barriers when unsuccessfulrequests are returned to the requestinglibrary. The most common reasons fornon-supply have been given a numericcode, which can be used in place of nat-ural language. The codes will be sup-ported by translations into a wide rangeof languages.

International Conference on Repository Libraries

The Office co-sponsored the Internation-al Conference on Repository Libraries,"Solving Collection Problems throughRepository Libraries" which was held inKuopio, Finland in May 1999.

CLM

The Office continues to supply the Secre-tariat for the Copyright and other Legal

Matters Committee including its listservand information service.

Publications

– Solving Collection Problems throughRepository Strategies: Proceedings ofan International Conference held inKuopio, Finland 9-11 May 1999, edit-ed by Pauline Connolly, 1999.

– The Digital Library: Challenges andSolutions for the new Millennium:Proceedings of an International Con-ference held in Bologna, Italy, June1999, edited by Pauline Connolly andDenis Reidy.

– IFLA/UNESCO Survey on Digitisa-tion and Preservation, compiled andedited by Sara Gould and RichardEbdon under the direction of Marie-Thérèse Varlamoff.

– UAP Newsletter, No 27, May 1999; No28, November 1999.

– National Libraries of the World: AnAddress List, 4th edition.

Cooperation

Within IFLA:– PAC: UNESCO project on digitization– Section on Document Delivery and

Interlending: E-mail guidelines, ILDSInternational Conference

– Discussion Group on RepositoryLibraries: international conference onrepository libraries; survey on reposi-tory libraries

– Section on Serial Publications: appli-cation for IFLA funding to develop aDirectory of Electronic Contents Ser-vices. This application was unsuccess-ful.

With other Organizations:– UNESCO: Survey on Digitisation and

Preservation joint with PAC.– UNESCO: support for IFLA Twinning

Database– International Committee for the Blue

Shield. The Office was instrumental insetting in motion the mechanism toform a UK and Ireland Blue ShieldCommittee. This initiative was muchappreciated by the many sectorsinvolved in this.

Attendance at Conferencesand Meetings

– January 13-14. Paris, France. Meetingon UNESCO/PAC/UAP Digitizationproject, Sara Gould and RichardEbdon

– March 11-14. New Orleans, Louisiana,USA. Museums on the Web Interna-tional Conference, Graham Cornish



– May 9-11. Kuopio, Finland. Interna-tional Conference on RepositoryLibraries, Graham Cornish

– June 16-18. Paris, France. Meeting onUNESCO/PAC/UAP Digitization pro-ject, Sara Gould and Richard Ebdon

– June 16. Bologna, Italy. The DigitalLibrary: Challenges and Solutions forthe New Millennium Conference, Gra-ham Cornish

– July 7-9. Prague, Czech Republic.LIBER Conference, Graham Cornish

– July 9. Henley, UK. Meeting with JoanChallinor to discuss library twinning,Sara Gould and Pauline Connolly

– July 22. Keele, UK. ARLIS/UK & Ire-land Annual Conference, Sara Gould

– September 15. London, UK. Start upmeeting for National Blue ShieldCommittee, Graham Cornish

– September 20-24. Buenos Aires,Argentina. UAP Seminar for LatinAmerica, Graham Cornish

– October 7-8. Paris, France. Meeting todiscuss IFLA/UNESCO survey project,Richard Ebdon

– October 20-21. Utrecht, Netherlands.European Conference on Preservationof Digitized Cultural Heritage Collec-tions, Sara Gould and Richard Ebdon

– October 25-29. Pretoria, South Africa.6th Interlending and Document Sup-ply Conference, Graham Cornish.

Annual Report 1999 of theIFLA UDT Core Programmeby Leigh Swain, Director;Gary Cleveland, ProgrammeOfficer; and Louise Lantaigne,Administrative Officer

Introduction

The UDT work centres around fourmajor themes:– to extend, promote, and integrate the

use of IFLANET into the regular activ-ities of IFLA Headquarters, Divisions,Sections, Round Tables, and Core Pro-grammes.,

– to continue to expand the content ofIFLANET, ensuring that it remains thepremier site for library information onthe World Wide Web,

– to continue the UDT programme ofcreating, collecting, and making avail-able valuable content on all aspects ofinformation and telecommunicationstechnologies and their impact uponlibraries, and

– to address the needs of less developedcountries by providing Internet train-ing and methods by which libraries

without a direct Internet connectionmay take advantage of IFLANET con-tent and services (e.g., CD-ROM).

A number of activities took place inthe 1999 term. These activities aredescribed below.

IFLANET System and ServiceMaintenance

System and service maintenance duringthe 1999 term included: – IFLANET redesign. IFLANET was

redesigned from top to bottom duringApril and May of 1999. This was a sig-nificant effort requiring the recodingof all HTML documents on the Website (over 3000 individual documents).The redesign has yielded a number insubstantial advantages. It has: 1)increased the efficiency with whichthe site can be managed; 2) increasedusability through addition of a searchfunction, a site map, and page index-es; 3) provided a unified look-and-feel;and 4) increased code consistency thatwill contribute to the longevity of theinformation on the site.

– Enhancements to IFLA site search.The site search implemented onIFLANET in 1999 allowed users to dofull text searches of the entire Website. The search feature has recentlybeen enhanced to allow users torestrict searches to all conferencepapers or to conference papers in agiven set of years.

– Ongoing IFLANET services provision.While low-profile, the daily mainte-nance of IFLANET and the modera-tion of IFLA discussion lists take a sig-nificant amount of time of the UDTCore Programme. Thousands of post-ings to DIBLIB, IFLA-L, and LIBJOBSare received, read, analyzed for appro-priate content, and posted eachmonth. In addition, several hundredHTML documents are added to and/ormodified on the IFLANET Web siteper month.

Integration of IFLANET intoRegular IFLA Activities

One of UDT's stated goals is to integratethe use of IFLANET into regular IFLAactivities, and to promote its use in allareas of IFLA. The following activitieshelp to reach this goal.– Information Coordinators' Meeting.

UDT continues to hold an annualIFLANET Information Coordinators'meeting at the annual IFLA Confer-ence to provide a forum for feedbackand discussion between IFLANET

Administration and the InformationCoordinators regarding IFLANETissues.

– IFLA Officers' Handbook. IFLANETpolicies and procedures were com-pletely revised for the current editionof the Handbook.

– IFLANET policy development. In1999, a significant policy developmentwas the policy on IFLANET central-ization and independent Web sites.This policy officially recognizesIFLANET as the primary and exclu-sive vehicle for electronic communica-tions within IFLA. This activity wasimportant because it both ensures aconsistent corporate look-and-feelwith an identifiable network presence,and encourages IFLA units to useIFLANET for their communicationsand to not set up their own individualWeb sites. The remaining three inde-pendent sites (Section on Geographyand Map Libraries, FAIFE, and theRegion of Latin America and theCaribbean) are expected to be migrat-ed by the time IFLANET Unplugged isproduced.

– New IFLA lists. IFLANET has estab-lished 14 new IFLA discussion lists:

CLASS - Section on Classificationand Indexing Standing CommitteeMailing List

– RANAR - Functional Requirementsand Numbering of AuthorityRecords WG List

– GENLOC - Genealogy and LocalHistory Services Discussion Group

– IFLA-IC - IFLA Information Coordi-nator mailing list

– IFLA-IT - Section on InformationTechnology Mailing List

– IFLAPARL2 - For Ex-members ofSC for Research Services for Parlia-ments

– IFLA-EB - International Federationof Library Associations ExecutiveBoard

– IFLA-PB - International Federationof Library Associations ProfessionalBoard

– MARKET - Marketing in AcademicLibraries Discussion List

– MEDLIBS - Biological and MedicalSciences Libraries Mailing List

– RTAVM-L - Round Table on Audio-visual and Multimedia discussionlist

– SLBSC - IFLA Section Libraries forthe Blind Standing Committee

– THESAURI - IFLA Working Groupon Multilingual Thesaurus Guide-lines Mailing List

– WEB-DL - IFLA Working Group onWeb and DL Subject Access mail-ing list

News Section


Recommendations of the International Conference on Bibliographic Services, 1998

An International Conference on NationalBibliographic Services (ICNBS) wasorganized in November 1998 under theauspices of IFLA, the Danish Royal

Library, the Royal School of Library andInformation Science and the DanishLibrary Centre. This was a major event(117 participants from 71 countries) tocommemorate the 1977 UNESCO Inter-national Congress on National Bibliogra-phies, the recommendations of whichinfluenced the development of nationalbibliographies over the last 20 years.

ICNBS had for aim to review and updatethe 1977 recommendations.

The outcome was a set of 23 recom-mendations regarding:

– legal deposit;

– coverage of the national bibliography;

– presentation and timeliness of thenational bibliography;

From the Divisions, Sections and Round Tables


– ILDS Web site. IFLANET developedthe Web site for the Interlendingand Document Supply Conferencewhich was held in Johannesburg,South Africa, in October 1999. TheWeb site consisted of the conferenceprogramme, full text of conferencepapers, as well as an online regis-tration form.

Expand the Content ofIFLANET

The content of IFLANET has grownsteadily over the last year. Specifically: – approximately 400 documents have

been added to the site, representingan increase of 11%. This increase,however, belies the actual workaccomplished in a given year. Manyhundreds more pre-existing docu-ments on the site have been modifiedand updated.

– the online version of the IFLA Mem-bership Directory is updated monthly.

UDT Publications and Information Activities

Participation in International Work-shops and Conferences

In 1999, UDT participated in four inter-national workshops and conferences:– Effective Libraries and Information

Services, 19 October 1999, Colombo,Sri Lanka. UDT took an active role inshaping the work of the groups pre-sent, as well as providing two formalpresentations: "Developing DigitalLibraries: Future Directions", and"UDT and IFLANET: Developing Elec-tronic Services".

– International Conference and Work-shop on Multimedia Digital Library,18 August 1999. Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia. UDT presented a full-dayworkshop on metadata entitled,

"Metadata Workshop: An Update andGuidance for Action", as well as a pre-sentation on "Digital Libraries andthe Ecology of Information".

– 65th IFLA Council and General Con-ference, 26 August 1999. Bangkok,Thailand. The work at the BangkokIFLA Conference included providingexpert consultation to numerous infor-mal groups on emerging standards,formal meetings with various IFLAgroups, as well as presentations to theOpen Forum on Bibliographic Controland in the UDT Workshop.

– DC-7 - Seventh Dublin Core Work-shop, 25-27 October 1999, Frankfurt.UDT participated in this workshopdevoted to the creation of simplifiedmetadata standard as an invitedattendee.

UDT Database Resource Development

Because of the increasing demand forsmall to medium-sized database applica-tions on IFLANET, two database projectswere proposed for 1999. – World Guide to Library, Archive and

Information Science Education. Theconversion of the IFLA/Saur publica-tion, World Guide to Library, Archiveand Information Science Education toan online database is progressingslowly and will extend into the year2000. UDT has completed a technicalanalysis of alternatives and is await-ing a decision from the people respon-sible for updating the database,Josephine Fang and Judith Elkin.

– Development of a Digital LibraryTechnical Reports Database. UDTCore Programme investigated the fea-sibility of developing a Digital LibraryTechnical Reports Database. Theobjective of this project was to providea gateway to research reports, papers,and other significant documents per-

taining to the development of digitallibraries. The cost of this project wasdeemed to be prohibitive, given that itwould have involved evaluation ofvarious gateway models, the develop-ment of a digital library research tax-onomy, a citation-based metadataimplementation, and the creation ofan application with original program-ming. The project thus has beenscaled down to involve the develop-ment a more efficient way of manag-ing the UDT Electronic Collection.This large collection of links is nowtoo unwieldy to manage as a collec-tion of HTML pages as it is currentlyimplemented. Specialized productsdesigned to efficiently manage linkcollections will be evaluated andinstalled over 2000/2001.

Addressing the Needs ofLibraries in Less DevelopedCountries

To address the needs of the libraries inless developed countries, UDT has donethe following:

- Mirror Sites. UDT currently is workingwith IFLA Headquarters to establish,by the end of 2000, IFLANET mirrorsites in the remaining two IFLAregions without mirrors. Specifically,these areas are Latin America and theCaribbean, and Africa. When thesemirror sites are set up, there will beinstances of the Web site in all fiveofficial IFLA regions, on five conti-nents.

- IFLANET Unplugged. UDT producedthe fourth edition of the IFLANETUnplugged CD-ROM (1999) with theassistance of Silverplatter, Informa-tion, Inc. This disc will be given awayfree to all IFLA Conference inBangkok, as well as upon request toany library anywhere.

From the Divisions, Sections and Round Tables

Report on the 5th Joint Technical Symposium, Paris,January 2000

The following report, prepared byRichard Billeaud, co-organizer of the JTSin Paris, was submitted by Joelle Garcia,Chair of the Section on Audiovisual andMultimedia.

A scientific and technical event thatwas organized for the first time in Stock-holm in 1983, then in Berlin (1987),Ottawa (1990), and London (1995), theJTS gathers, at the initiative and with thesupport of UNESCO, the three interna-tional organizations involved in thepreservation and restoration of originalimage and sound materials: FédérationInternationale des Archives de Film

(FIAF), International Federation of Tele-vision Archives (FIAT/IFTVA), Interna-tional Association of Sound Archives(IASA), and the audiovisual-sub commit-tees of ICA (International Council ofArchives) and of IFLA. It is a platform forspecialists of audiovisual, cinema andsound archives to share scientific andtechnical researches as well as practicalexperiences, in order to provide guide-lines for action for curators, technicians,researchers, and others.

The 5th JTS Paris 2000 was organizedby CNC (Centre National de la Ciné-matographie) assisted by CST (Commis-sion Supérieure Technique de l'Image etdu Son), with the collaboration of INA(Institut National de l'Audiovisuel) andBnF (Bibliothèque nationale de France),

and in association with institutions suchas AMIA (Association of Moving ImageArchivists), the ARCHIMEDIA network,ARSAG (Association pour la RechercheScientifique sur les Arts Graphiques),BKSTS (British Kinematograph, Soundand Television Society), and the GAMMAgroup. The subject of the JTS Paris 2000"Image and Sound Archiving and Access:the challenges of the 3rd Millennium"clearly focused on the implications andthe evolutions introduced by the newdigital and Internet environments for thepreservation of moving images andsounds activities and strategies. The JTSParis 2000 presented 30 papers and 8posters organized in three chapters cor-responding to the main present andfuture challenges:

News Section


– international standards used; and– future activities.

Recently the recommendations of the1998 ICNBS conference were ratified byUNESCO's General Conference, whichunderlines their importance and broadapplicability.

Ingrid Parent, member of the PlanningCommittee for the ICNBS Conference,and a member of IFLA's ExecutiveBoard, commented: "I am delighted thatUNESCO has endorsed the ICNBS rec-ommendations and has recommendedthat the Member States of UNESCOadopt and implement them. Those rec-ommendations will provide strong sup-port to national bibliographic agencies intheir efforts to acquire and disseminateinformation about their published her-itage".

The new recommendations are postedat: <http://www.ifla.org/VI/3/icnbs/fina.htm>. Further information is availablefrom: Marie-France Plassard, Director,IFLA UBCIM Programme, c/o DieDeutsche Bibliothek, Adickesallee 1, D-60322 Frankfurt am Main, Germany(e-mail: [email protected]).

ISBD(M) Revision Proposals

In 1998, the IFLA Study Group on theFunctional Requirements for Biblio-graphic Records (FRBR) published its

Final Report after its recommendationswere approved by the IFLA Section onCataloguing's Standing Committee(available at <http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm>. The Standing Com-mittee agreed that the ISBD ReviewGroup should initiate a full-scale reviewof IFLA's "family of ISBDs" to ensureconformity between the provisions of theISBDs and those of FRBR - in particular,to achieve consistency with FRBR's datarequirements for the "basic level nation-al bibliographic record."

The members of the ISBD ReviewGroup are Françoise Bourdon, Ton Heij-ligers, Lynne Howarth, Dorothy McGar-ry, Glenn Patton, Reinhard Rinn, andMaria Witt. The Group has now conclud-ed its review of the International Stan-dard Bibliographic Description forMonographic Publications (ISBD(M)),last revised in 1987. The changes whichthe Review Group proposes to make inthe next iteration of this standard arelisted on the IFLANET at <http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/isbd-chg.htm>.

You are invited to submit your writtencomments regarding these changes toindicate your approval or your reserva-tions by directing your comments by 15July 2000, to John D. Byrum, Jr. Chair,ISBD Review Group, Regional and Coop-erative Cataloging Division, Library ofCongress, Washington DC 20540-4380,USA (fax: +1-202) 7072824; e-mail:[email protected]).

Library History and Library Theory and Research - Callfor Papers

The Round Table on Library Historyand the Section on Library Theory andResearch are issuing a call for papers fora conference which will be held on 27-29May 2001 at the Swedish School ofLibrary and Information Studies, Univer-sity College of Borås.

The theme of the conference is"Libraries in Times of Utopian Thoughtsand Social Protests: The Libraries of theLate 60s and 90s".

The period that the theme of the con-ference covers was a period of societalunrest. Students and workers wereprotesting. New, more ambitious goalsfor cultural policy were formulated orthe protests were supressed. What hap-pened in the libraries during thatprocess? It is interesting to learn howdifferent kinds of libraries were affectedand how the situation differed betweenthe countries of the world.

Papers will be refereed by a committeeof the organizing IFLA Round Table andSection. Abstracts (maximum of 300words by 1 November 2000) andenquiries should be sent to MagnusTorstensson, Swedish School of Libraryand Information Studies, University Col-lege of Borås, S-501 90 BORÅS, Sweden(fax +(46) 33164005; e-mail:[email protected]).

Reports of Meetings

– Risk assessment in the preservation ofimage and sound materials

– Transfer and restoration of originalimage and sound

– Data management systems and migra-tion strategies.

Risk Assessment in the Preservation ofImage and Sound Materials

Films, magnetic tapes or discs, all origi-nal and preservation duplicate mediacan suffer physical and chemical degra-dations. If these degradations are notdetected, analyzed and evaluated in time,the original or duplicated data may dis-appear. The vinegar syndrome thataffects films on cellulose triacetate baseis now fully acknowledged: the sponta-neous chemical decay of triacetate filmbase leads to the deacetylation and chainscission of the polymer. The producedacetic acid catalyzes further decay of thepolymer. The critical autocatalytic pointcan then be quickly reached. Now is notthe time to further understand the filmdegradation process, but rather to formu-late practical preservation strategies forfilm collections. The quality of the stor-age environment and the state of preser-vation of acetate film collections are themajor determining factors in implement-ing a rational preservation strategy. Theconclusions reached by the Image Per-manence Institute through their worksshow that low temperature is the mosteffective means to improve the chemicalstability of triacetate base films. Themacro climate control at low tempera-ture and RH below 50% along with thecontrol of the air quality (to eliminate thedegradation products) is the best adaptedoption. In the case of large collections, astatistical approach can help to carry theevaluation of the extent of vinegar syn-drome by providing a probability basedsampling model corresponding to thecomposition of the elements of a collec-tion.

There are many analogies betweenvinegar syndrome and the pigmentbinder deterioration of the magnetictapes. Under the effect of humidity thecross-linking of the binder systemdecomposes into fragments, whichmigrate to the surface of the magneticlayer. This leads, amongst other things,to the shedding of pigment particleswhich accumulate on tape guides and onreplay heads. It is estimated that audioarchives worldwide are storing around30 million hours of tapes, video archivesaround 10 million hours. Their transferonto new digital carriers, involving atime factor of 2-3 of the duration of theprogramme, will take many years, if not

decades. The estimation of the end of life(EOL) of existing stocks has thereforebecome an important issue and willenable strategies to be defined. The bestblank media for recording or copyingmust be selected according to the risk ofdegradation inherent to their composi-tion, and, in the longer term, we need tomonitor the condition of the recordingsand of the media in order to determinewhen to transfer or migrate content. Theestimated life of the data recorded onthese media logically seems to dependon the estimated life of the media them-selves, but several contributions haveconfirmed that the permanence of infor-mation also greatly depends on the con-dition of how it was written. For audiorecordings several studies examined CD-R as a possible media. If we take intoaccount the many deep analyses neces-sary to interpret the complex phenome-non of CD-R writing and the evolutionsof degradations due to different factorsor to "natural aging", it is impossible for the moment to consider CD-R as apreservation media for sound recordings,still images, text and digital data, unlessappropriate checking procedures basedon relevant parameters are run. DVD-Rfor moving images will be the nextmedia to probe.

Transfer and Restoration of Original Image and Sound

Risk appreciation helps decision making.The issue can be to decide which tech-nology to use for restoration when degra-dations do not allow a mere duplicationon a more stable media, or to set themethodology of transfer on a media com-patible with modern playback equip-ments and providing easy and fast accessto data. The decision must always beadapted to strategies in terms of techno-logical evolution, of costs and of expect-ed results. Beside the fact that mediamay disappear due to the obsolescenceof formats or to physical and chemicaldegradation, transfers are also set upbecause the constraints of time and ofaccess cost to audiovisual content are nomore accepted by users in the era ofInternet. Last but not least, backup anddigitalization programmes frequentlyhave to be defined urgently when newmass storage media for a better extend-ed preservation are still not availableand when storage and communicationformats are not yet standardized. Needsmust be analyzed to determine prioritiesand methods:

– characteristics of the archive;

– criteria of selection and priorities(cases of emergency, preservation of

unique originals, priorities related topotential reuse of contents); and

– decision on the new formats and ontransfer procedures. Experts agree tosay that magnetic tape remains formany years the most suitable mediato preserve television images. Theonly widely accepted criteria is thatthe new preservation format has to bedigital and its quality must be com-patible with the future use of pro-grammes.

Data Management Systemsand Migration Strategies

EBU is working on short and medium-term migrations projects:– transfer on a digital tape format that

will be automatically managed byrobot systems; and

– faster than real time automatic trans-fer on a digital data mass storage for-mat system where data encoding for-mat will be independent from therecording format.

In transfer/migration operations it isnecessary not only to transfer the record-ed contents, but also to manage the infor-mation on these contents (metadata).There are a number of vendors offeringa variety of solutions to manage the con-tents and metadata. The functions thatthe vendors built into their softwareoften reflect the business processes theyhave worked most closely with (pre-press; newspaper publishing; stock photosales). Vendors are generally more con-cerned with adapting the solutions theyhave already developed to new needsthan develop specific software.

Diverse communities contribute to thedefinition and to the development ofmetadata. The traditional managementcommunity that gathers information, theproducers categories (authors, etc., pro-ducing primary information and manag-ing its communication; and libraries andarchives, etc., producing the traditionaldocumentary information); and thelargely dominated by the Web- orientedneeds IT world (encoding, storage, com-munication) imposing a global strategyto set joint standards for platforms andmetadata. Based on practical experimentin the field of space missions data preser-vation, some pragmatic rules on datapreservation have been defined, applica-ble to data:– ensure that data is completely inde-

pendent from the systems used for itscreation and management. This ruleconcerns file structure and encodingmethods. It assumes that all "propri-etary" data structures and non-stan-

Reports of Meetings


dard encoding methods are systemati-cally rejected; and

– ensure that data is described in termsof both syntax and semantics. Thedescription must comply with the dataand applicable to archival systems: tohandle technology developments aswell as possible and limit their nega-tive effects through separation of themain functions into services asautonomous as possible (data inges-tion, storage, management, access).

A "Reference Model for an OpenArchival Information System (OAIS)"sets up a framework for the general andcommon comprehension of the issue oflong-term archival of digital data andconstitutes a base from which to developcomplementary standards in the area.

The Proceedings of the 5th JTS will bepublished in May 2000. Abstracts can bedownloaded (Word or PDF) on the JTSWeb site at <http://www.cst.fr/jts2000>.

11th Meeting of the Perma-nent UNIMARC Committee,Lisbon, 3-4 February 2000

The following report was submitted byMarie-France Plassard, Director of theIFLA UBCIM Programme.

The 11th Meeting of the PermanentUNIMARC Committee (PUC) was hostedby the National Library of Portugal. Itwas preceded by a half-day UNIMARCConference on 2 February with over 50participants from various institutions inPortugal, chaired by the Deputy Directorof the National Library and former Chairof the PUC, Ms Fernanda Campos, where Ms Mirna Willer (Chair of thePUC) and Ms Marie-France Plassard(UBCIM Programme) presented latestUNIMARC developments.

Main items on the agenda of the PUCmeeting included proposals related todigital masters, manuscripts, music andelectronic resources. The revision of theUNIMARC/ Authorities was also dis-cussed at length. The first final draft ofUNIMARC for Classification is near com-pletion and a new Working Group waslaunched to create a UNIMARC for Hold-ings.

Brian Holt, Vice Chair of the PUC, wasabout to retire from the British Libraryand would be replaced by Alan Danskinon the PUC. Colleagues expressed theirgratitude to Mr Holt and to the BritishLibrary for their invaluable contributionto the PUC where Mr Holt had servedsince its creation in 1991. Jay Weitz was

elected unanimously to replace Mr Holtas Vice Chair of the PUC.

The 12th Meeting of the PUC will takeplace in March 2001 in Vilnius, Lithuaniaon the kind invitation of the NationalLibrary.

Global Knowledge II, 7-10 March 2000 - Interim Report

The following report was submitted byRussell Bowden, Honorary Fellow ofIFLA and IFLA's representative at themeeting.

GK II was very impressive, almost amini-IFLA with 1300 participants from120 countries. It was opened by the Pres-ident of the World Bank, and MahathirMuhammad, Malaysia's Prime Minister,who considered it so important that hespent three hours with us. GK II's pri-mary objective was to empower the poorthrough "knowledge" using Internetaccess or "addressing the informationdivide and thus improving the quality oflife". The problem that the conference setout to address was: "There is broad con-sensus within the international commu-nity that gaps in information and knowl-edge, both within and between countries,are increasing. The new information andcommunications technologies (ICT),which are being deployed throughout theworld, are important factors in both cre-ating and addressing these gaps. At atime when these critical tools hold thepromise of allowing the local and globalinformation-sharing needed for sustain-able development in the 21st century,there is broad concern that gaps inaccess to these tools and resources areincreasing, and that the information rev-olution could paradoxically become acause of even greater inequality andworsening poverty. There is an urgentneed for the international communityincluding public, private and not-for-profit agencies, to work together to pro-mote universal access to information andcommunication technologies."

Participants, therefore, were peopleworking with the information-deprivedwhose primary motivations, generallyspeaking, were social and developmentaland who came at information via theirrequirements and through the realizationthat Internet provided the means ofaccess. In other words, their abilities toaccess and disseminate information wereof secondary importance, although themajority had taught themselves informa-

tion-handling competencies and Internet-surfing skills.

The conference was really two confer-ences. Open to all was the Global Knowl-edge Forum which was mainly con-cerned to listen and comment on papersin plenaries. It included workshops andvisits. These tended to disguise the factthat, whilst the majority of participantswere away, perhaps the most importantmeetings were taking place in the Glob-al Knowledge Partnership Summit. Thiswas open only to the GK Partners orpotential Partners. I got in as the IFLArepresentative because I explained thatIFLA was a "potential". About 300 par-ticipated. Here significant work wasundertaken. The Action Summit Agendawas examined in three concurrent Break-out Groups looking at the GK II Confer-ence's sub-themes of: "Access, Empower-ment and Governance". These then cameup with proposals for actions which werereported back in plenary and wereamended/approved and then groupedtogether by a team of editors. These werefinally reported back to all the partici-pants along with reports from workinggroups on what were called "Cross-Cut-ting" issues. These were: Gender, Youth,Media, and Local Knowledge. Some hadbeen e-mail conferencing to arrive atagendas for six weeks, e.g., Youth. Final-ly all the emerging proposals for actionswere grouped together and in a "market-place" were displayed on stands in orderthat Partners and potential memberscould indicate their organizations' inter-ests in being involved in future work torealize the proposals into actions. I iden-tified some for IFLA.

The management of the emergence ofagendas of issues and for actions wasadroitly handled although, inevitably, the"essence" and richness of a proposal gotdiluted through the merging and editingprocesses. Edward Marsden, previouslyBritish Council's Deputy Director-Gener-al (and from June to be Director BC Indiaand South Asia), successfully did analmost impossible job in handling the"intellectual" side of the GK II. So manyissues emerged that a short report can-not do justice to them. Some examplesare: e-commerce; the elimination of"middle men"; loss of jobs and creationof new ones; the synergies of radioaccess linked with the Internet (we havea most successful example of this here inSri Lanka); the creation of local knowl-edge sources; the creation of a volunteercorps for ICT; the need for nationalinformation policies; information to sus-tain development, etc., etc.

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Publisher/Library Relationships in the DigitalEnvironment: An STM White Paper

The following paper was commissionedby the STM Library Relations Committeeand prepared by John E. Cox, Interna-tional Publishing Consultant, John CoxAssociates, The Pippins, 6 Lees Close,Whittlebury, Towcester, Northants NN128XF, UK (e-mail: john.e.cox@btinternet.

com) and re-published with the permis-sion of STM.

Summary

STM represents 250 publishing compa-nies and learned societies, and recog-nizes that the advent of digital networksaffects authors, publishers, librarians andreaders. Dialogue between publishersand librarians is essential to creating thesense of partnership and open-minded-ness needed to meet the future needs ofscholarship and research:

– Publishers and librarians have com-plementary roles and responsibilities,serving the same needs and facingsimilar challenges;

– The interests of publishers and librar-ians need to be rebalanced in order toseize the benefits of digital informa-tion flow;

– Legislation provides a framework ofcopyright, privacy, competition andconsumer law that protects againstmisuse while facilitating the flow of

From other Organizations


There were some interesting ironies.We discussed the needs of the world'spoorest in the newest and most expen-sive hotel in Malaysia with smokedsalmon and asparagus daily for lunch.Internet was considered to be theprovider of "knowledge". The differencebetween "knowledge" and "information"was never acknowledged. Informationoverload and increasing access to aneven more overloaded network, as theseand other projects continue the processof overloading it further, went unrecog-nized. The quality of information contentwas almost entirely ignored, participants'priority concerns being technical andregulatory access.

The voices of libraries and librarians,apart from mine speaking on behalf ofIFLA, was frighteningly absent. I sug-gested that we should not lose sight ofthe huge investments by governments,over past years, in books, journals andrural public libraries' provision and thatthese should not be forgotten. I proposedthat rural telecentres should be situatedin libraries and called information cen-tres. I proposed that access should beconcentrated on issues not only associat-ed with technologically-based access, i.e.,wires, boxes, machines, etc., but alsoaccess to the content of the Internet.Except for a passing nod to freedom ofexpression and information from theMedia group and some nod towardsintellectual property and WIPO, theseissues were ignored. However, invariablymy interventions were recognized andfound acceptable by the audiencesbecause they were applauded.

However, it is clear that libraries andprinted sources are considered "old hat"in comparison to the excitement generat-ed by such a revolutionary communica-

tor as the Internet, and they proved of lit-tle interest to most participants whohave got their projects to their currentstate of advancement without the needfor librarians and libraries.

The overall impression is of the launchof an exciting new world movement, pro-vided with the highest support from bod-ies like the Malaysian Government,World Bank, UNDP, UNESCO, IDRC,CIDA, British Council and other aidagencies, with enthusiastic involvementfrom highly-motivated specialists, withan impressive global-wide organization(mainly World Bank, IDRC and theBritish Council) all previously undertak-en rather quietly and with little publicityvia the Internet, enormous energies andfuture commitments to get things donespeedily without time-wasting bureau-cracies and meetings and all using theInternet as their communication workingtool. My view is that for IFLA not to beinvolved will push IFLA from off centrestage (because of the energies runningand high-powered commitment fromorganizations with money and resourcesavailable to ensure success), becauseinterest in, and support for, the GlobalEconomy is not only shifting but is beingopposed and in its place governments,like Malaysia and Singapore, are out tospeedily develop Global Knowledgeeconomies.

For IFLA not to be involved will serveas proof to its Third World members thatIFLA is not serious about placing theirinterests at IFLA's centre stage. Also thisGK II movement could lead in the nextdecade to some of IFLA's members,especially in rural public libraries, beingwithout jobs. The new telecentres, withaccess to an Internet that will not requireliteracy to access it, because of the devel-

opment of voice recognition, and won'tneed English either, because of automat-ic translations, will shift local informa-tion interests away from the mainlyunder-resourced rural public librariesand they will become, as a consequence,redundant.

In summary, almost from nowhereand in a relatively short space of timeand with minimum publicity, there hasemerged a dynamic worldwide neworganization with future possibilities forgreat influences because of the excite-ment and energies generated at GK II bythe 120 country participants. Because ofits excellent and minimum organization,because of its use of Internet for speedycommunication and decision-making,because it is backed by influential bodieswith substantial resources who, also, sup-port its growth, because its eruption ontothe world scene is in response to a glob-ally-felt need and because its prioritiesappear to be close to those aid prioritiesset by donor governments and agencies,and because at the heart of what the GKPartnership will be about is access toinformation (or Knowledge as the Con-ference will have it), IFLA cannot affordnot to take significant notice of it and actaccordingly.

My recommendation, without reserva-tion, is that IFLA must join and becomea Partner. However, for IFLA to becomeactively involved in GK II work, it willrequire changes to the ways it currentlymanages issues (through the slow butdemocratic processes of Sections andRound Tables). If IFLA does not respondquickly and effectively to issues as theyarise (see <www.globalknowledge.org>for Actions from GK II) other organiza-tions will take initiatives away from it.


information from author to reader. Iflaws need to be amended, suchchanges should be made on the basisof the mutual agreement of all mem-bers of the community;

– There is much to be achieved withoutlegislative change. Neither publishersnor librarians should shy away fromthe issues that divide them, especiallythe scope of fair use and the exchangeof copyright information betweenlibraries. A more detailed analysis ofthe impact of copyright exemptions isneeded;

- The development of a predictablelicensing environment and the testingof new business models requires coop-eration between publishers and librar-ians, and leads to better mutualunderstanding.

STM seeks dialogue with libraries andwith other members of the research andscholarly communities in order to meetthe challenges, opportunities and expec-tations created by the digital environ-ment.

What is STM

STM is the International Association ofScientific, Technical & Medical Publish-ers. It represents 250 individual publish-ing companies and learned societies. It isaffiliated to, but independent of, IPA, theInternational Publishers Association.

Serving Scholarship

Scholarly publishers continue to servethe needs of scholarship and research byproviding registration, certification anddistribution of the output of the researchprocess. They recognize that the adventof electronic communication and net-worked information affects all membersof the scholarly community - authors,editors, publishers, information interme-diaries, libraries and readers. As theprincipal body representing internationalscholarly publishers, STM wishes toengage in and continue dialogue with allmembers of the community to meet therequirements of scholars andresearchers, both as authors and as read-ers.

The relationship between publishersand libraries, as the fulcrum of the schol-arly communications process, is chang-ing as our understanding of the electron-ic environment deepens. Continuing dia-logue on issues of mutual interest is inboth publishers' and librarians' interestsin order to ensure that the process ofscholarship and research is properly ser-

viced while expectations, standards andcommunication media evolve.

Working together in a Fluid Market

The relationship between publishers andlibrarians is changing both because tech-nology is altering the way in which infor-mation is prepared and disseminated,and because the expectations of our cus-tomers - the readers - are being raised.The mobility of information and thespeed with which it can be distributedpresent challenges that can only be metby discussion and mutual understanding.It is STM's view that publishers andlibrarians must see each other as part-ners rather than as opponents; the dis-tance between them must be closed.

It is also important that publishers andtheir partners remain open mindedabout continuing changes, so that themarket itself can establish a new equi-librium naturally. New rules and proto-cols will develop as authors and readersgo about their business. Frank discussionbetween publishers and librarians is anindispensable part of this process, so thatdisputes or uncertainties over rights andliabilities can be avoided.

An analogy can be drawn with thenewly opened campus of a university.While new buildings may be commis-sioned and occupied, the landscape andthe pathways between them are best leftuntil tracks have been established by thefaculty and students who make their wayfrom one building to another in whatev-er way they feel is best to reach theirdestination.

The Publisher - Library Partnership

The digital revolution in scientific, pro-fessional and educational informationraises questions about the roles of pub-lishers, of information intermediarieslike subscription agents and of libraries.In STM's view, the interface betweenpublishers and librarians remains crucialto the effective use of research output:

– Publishers compile and package infor-mation and manage the process of dis-tribution to customers. They investi-gate the needs of the market anddevelop new products. They make theinvestment and bear the financialrisk, based on their independent edi-torial evaluation. And they ensure thatadded value is given to publishedinformation through quality controlprocesses and sophisticated digitaleditorial techniques;

– Whether they serve the widespreadneeds of teaching and research in uni-

versities or the highly focused infor-mation requirements of corporateresearch, librarians manage the cost-effective use of published informationto the benefit of their users, and pro-vide the navigation necessary to iden-tify and retrieve the informationrequired by each of their users.

Meeting Scholarly Needs in a ChangingWorld

Both publishers and libraries serve thesame scientific and professional commu-nities, both have to invest in new infra-structures which have to be mutuallycompatible, and both have to reorganizetheir work and services to remain rele-vant and necessary to their clientele.Both publishers and libraries haveimportant roles and responsibilities; it isimperative that real or imagined prob-lems are fully discussed and resolved.That was desirable when publishing wasbased on print; it is mandatory in thedigital environment. Their roles, tradi-tionally distinct in the age of print, arebecoming blurred. Both have now towork together for the good of the com-munity they both serve.

Neither publishers nor libraries canrealistically forecast where future devel-opments in the creation and delivery ofinformation, the efficiency of search andlocate technology, or the behavior andneeds of scholars will lead. As is usual intimes of rapid change, the outcome willbe determined by trial and error, ratherthan by predictive planning on the partof any party. Experimentation and mutu-al discussion in partnership will yield anoptimum result for both publishers andlibrarians.

Digital is Different

The revolution in computer and telecom-munications technologies requires a newconsensus on the management of infor-mation in order to maintain the efficientflow of information from author to read-er. The printed book or journal environ-ment provided limited physical accessover which control was exercised inaccordance with long established proto-cols. Digital formats are readily accessi-ble at any desktop at any time. They caneasily be stored, reproduced, re-utilizedand disseminated from anywhere to any-one in the world without loss of authen-ticity or quality. Potentially, unauthorizedcopies can be substituted for purchaseand thus undermine the economic struc-ture of scholarly communication. It isSTM's strong belief that, though superfi-cially attractive to users, this will destroy

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the orderly production and dissemina-tion of quality information unless newforms of managing the information flowcan evolve by mutual consent. STMwishes to address these issues with itscolleagues in the library community.

The Free Flow of Information

In an environment where the digitalusage of scholarly or research documentsis unlimited and "free of charge", andcompetes with published journals (as isthe case with preprint servers and otherproposed voluntary or compulsorydeposit schemes), one can anticipate anerosion in the subscription base for jour-nals. This leads to rising prices and tofurther erosion. Professionally published,quality controlled publications willdecline and disappear. Free of chargeinformation will kill the flow of pub-lished information, to the detriment ofscientific progress, the application ofresearch and the wider responsibility weowe as citizens to society.

Publishers invest in adding value toscholarship and research, whether theyare commercial or society houses, largeor small. What they do is not unlike whatconstruction firms do in building ahouse: they collect the materials required- the least difficult and expensive part -and apply skill and effort to transformthem into a home for which we are will-ing to pay. There appears to be a reluc-tance to accept that a similar naturalprocess takes place in the scholarly envi-ronment.

Balancing the Interests of Producersand Consumers

A balance between the interests of pub-lishers and authors, as the creators ofinformation products, and libraries andreaders, as consumers of those products,needs to be renewed. Among the issuesthat divide publishers and libraries are

– The scope and application of fairuse/fair dealing

– Interlibrary loan and documentexchange.

STM pledges itself and its members tofind solutions to these issues that respectthe basic interests and needs of each ofthe parties involved through dialogueand experimentation to test and refinemutually agreeable protocols. Only afterreaching a consensus should we ask ourlegislators to codify those protocols forfuture generations; legislation is only aseffective as the degree of mutual accep-tance that precedes it.

Electronic Commerce

Electronic commerce holds a great dealof promise for many industries. Networkoperators, broadcasters and serviceproviders are already able to reach newcustomers and provide new facilitiesthrough the judicious use of technologi-cal innovation. Authors, editors, publish-ers, artists and other content producerscan make their works more accessible toa broader customer base in new andpotentially more useful forms. Techno-logical innovation and the promotion offair and reasonable access to intellectualproperty are not mutually exclusive; theycomplement each other. Intellectualproperty law has existed in some formfor over two centuries and many busi-ness models based on it have workedwell. If properly adapted to account forthe development of digital forms, someof these models will continue to providean expanding choice to consumers, whilealso ensuring that those creating, pro-ducing, distributing and transmittingworks are fairly compensated.

Benefiting from Digital

Users of information stand to benefitenormously from the new digital for-mats. The interests of users and rightsholders run parallel as the pattern ofbusiness changes from local or territori-al to global:

– Users continue to require quality con-trol and improvement as well as anincrease in the choice of goods andservices.

– Libraries need to be able to meet therequirements of their users and theteaching and research needs of theirinstitutions at reasonable cost.

– Authors and editors need proper copy-right protection in order to ensure theintegrity of their original content, andto encourage the continuing creationof original quality content.

– Rights holders need their effort andinvestment to be rewarded with con-tinuing revenue streams.

Protection from Misuse

All content industries are seeking strongcopyright protection for their electronicoutput in order to continue to make theirworks available. It is not their intentionto impede the development of electronicbusiness. The growth of on-line financialand business services clearly demon-strates this. STM publishers are no dif-ferent. Both commercial publishers andlearned societies in its membership havebeen among the pioneers of electroniccommerce, investing in these new ser-

vices before it is clear what return fromthese services or products will be gener-ated. Re-engineering the publishing busi-ness to meet the desire for on-line elec-tronic information is a two-edged sword:it represents a potential means of reach-ing new readership, but it also poses sig-nificant risks of piracy, fraud, systematicillicit copying and content distortion.Piracy of printed copyright works isalready a serious problem; their avail-ability in digital form makes piracy easi-er, faster and more difficult to identifyand control than ever before. Digitalworks that may have taken years ofskilled work and investment to createand publish can be quickly, cheaply andperfectly copied and re-transmitted.

While STM believes that progress inestablishing a new balance betweenrights and obligations is best achieved byconsensus, it continues to believe thatsuch a consensus must be legallyenforceable, and reinforced by legisla-tion. Rights holders and users need bothlegal protection itself and the means ofenforcing it against abuse, piracy andmisappropriation.

Legislation

Intellectual property protection exerts apositive influence in the public interest.STM believes that much can be done tocreate a new balance of interests in thescholarly communications environmentbased on the existing and proven legalframework of copyright, supplemented ifnecessary by amending legislation basedon the mutual agreement of members ofthe community.

Effective Legal Protection

The effectiveness of legal protection isvividly illustrated by recent experiencein Europe in the computer software anddatabase industries:

– Before the Computer Programs Direc-tive was adopted in 1991, approxi-mately 78% of the computer pro-grammes used in Europe were unau-thorized copies. The Directive provid-ed that the copyright holder alonecould authorize copying, adaptationand distribution of a computer pro-gramme, and provided very narrowexceptions for back-up copying, inci-dental copying pursuant to authorizeduse, study and testing, and re-compila-tion. "Private" copying was ruled outas being a loophole that could beexploited for unlawful purposes. Sincethe Directive was adopted, the use ofunlawful pirated business softwarealone has fallen by 35% generating



additional revenues of over USD 2.3billion. There has been dramaticgrowth in all software development,resulting in a total software market inEurope of USD 35 billion, greaterchoice and more competition benefit-ing consumers, and thousands of newjobs in this and related upstream anddownstream industries. The Directivehas provided software companies ofall sizes with the rewards, incentivesand piracy protection needed to devel-op and market products that are cen-tral to the success of the InformationSociety.

– The Database Directive adopted in1996 established a similarly rigorousregime for databases, with the explicitobjective of protecting investment. Incases where a database producer'swork is not considered sufficiently cre-ative to comprise a copyright work initself, the Directive has created a newright of protection against unautho-rized extraction and re-use of databasecontent where there has been "sub-stantial investment" in its compila-tion, arrangement, or presentation.The consequence will be greaterinvestment and more competitionbetween database producers, provid-ing lower prices and more choice tothe consumer.

Similar legislation is being enacted inmany countries, to give effect to agree-ments reached within the World Intellec-tual Property Organization and enactedas protocols to the Berne Convention forthe Protection of Literary and ArtisticWorks.

Nevertheless, copyright does not oper-ate in isolation: competition law, con-sumer protection law and contract laweach play a role in balancing the inter-ests of all parties in electronic commerce.Appropriate copyright protection willhelp to develop its full potential.

Copyright Exemptions

Exemptions from copyright that haveoperated in the print environment needto be re-examined. The commercial para-digm is different in the digital environ-ment. The principal business model - thetradition pre-paid annual journal sub-scription - is already being supplementedby alternative models, for example, pack-age pricing for groups of products for usewithin a consortium, and schemes thatprice by the individual article. The sup-ply and use of individual articles or sub-units of information may become amajor source of revenue. Wide exemp-tions under fair use or library privilege

have the potential to undermine thedevelopment of new models, and makeelectronic information prohibitivelyexpensive. There needs to be a muchmore detailed analysis of the economicconsequences of copyright exemptionsand STM would like to explore this fur-ther with its library partners.

Privacy and Data Protection

The digital environment introduces anew "openness" in the information mar-ket, which has to come to terms with therights and interests of both individualsand organizations to privacy and confi-dentiality. Scholarly publishers operateon a global scale. They have to takeaccount of different approaches to theseissues, especially between the EuropeanUnion's data protection laws and theUSA's long-established laws of privacy.Discussions have yet to bring theseapproaches together in a workable form.

Scholarly communication is at theheart of these matters. Both publishersand librarians have a responsibility toreach a consensus that strikes a balancethat is workable in the research environ-ment.

Working together to Develop new Busi-ness Models

STM publishers are already engaged inthe development of license agreementsthat define the usage rights enjoyed bythe individual institution or the manyinstitutions that make up the consor-tium. They are actively working withmembers of the library community totest new mechanisms for the use of andpayment for scholarly information. It islikely that the future will bring manyvarieties of payment models, presentinglibraries with a choice between prepay-ment analogous to the subscription orpayment on delivery. STM welcomessuch activity wholeheartedly.

As an association of publishers, it isproperly constrained by competition andanti-trust laws from coordinating anydiscussion of prices or terms. Neverthe-less, it wishes to engage its members infruitful discussion and experimentation,and in the development of pre-competi-tive standards and protocols that will beenable publishers, librarians and inter-mediaries to operate flexible, market-dri-ven arrangements efficiently. STM can,and will, play a facilitating role inencouraging partnerships to explore newparadigms.

There are two principal avenues ofactivity: the development of predictable

and standardized license agreements,and experimental projects to test newmethods of doing business together.

Licensing Agreements

When scholarly works were publishedonly in a fixed, physical printed form, itwas adequate to bring a work to marketand rely on the provisions of generalcopyright law. That law has only neededto be supplemented by relatively simplelicensing systems operated by Reproduc-tive Rights Organizations (e.g., the CCCin the USA or the CLA in the UK) to takeaccount of widespread photocopying ofcopyright works both in the public andprivate sector. However, the scope andease of the uses which can be made ofdigital works require a more deliberateand sophisticated licensing system, anal-ogous those operating for software,which set out what purchasers and law-ful third party users can do with a workin return for the price paid. Licenses con-fer predictability and clarity, and removethe uncertainties inherent in the inter-pretation and application of copyrightlaw.

Tests and Experiments

During the past decade, a number ofpublishers have undertaken projects inpartnership with libraries to test theapplicability of new technologies and toexperiment with new business models inscholarly information. Some have beenprivate initiatives, while others havebeen conducted under the auspices ofofficial bodies such as the EuropeanCommission DGXIII or JISC (Joint Infor-mation Services Committee of the High-er Education Funding Councils, in theUK) or bodies such as the Mellon Foun-dation in the USA.

STM encourages its members to par-ticipate in such experiments in new waysof meeting the information needs of thescholarly community, as such projectsimprove mutual understanding, exposeissues of practical importance to publish-ers, librarian and their users, and pointto their resolution.

Publisher Issues

Publishers have identified four impor-tant objectives, which STM believes areimportant to the survival of qualityscholarly information provision. Whilethe first two may be seen as issues main-ly concerning publishers themselves, theremaining two represent matters onwhich constructive dialogue and consen-sus with the library community is essen-tial:

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– Publishers need to ensure adequatecompensation on investments and onthe value provided through digitalmaterials and services.

– Publishers have to create a viablemarket for their electronic publica-tions. They operate in a competitiveenvironment, but need to establishprices that represent fair value of theirproducts and services to libraries andlibrary users with limited budgets.

– Publishers and libraries must findmutually acceptable solutions to theissue of the electronic exchange of dig-ital works between libraries, i.e. inter-library loan.

– Publishers and librarians mustaddress the issue of archiving digitalcontent: what should be archived, bywhom will the archive be maintained,and under what terms should accessto the archive be provided.

In Summary: The Need for Cooperation and Partnership

Scholarly information is at the cross-roads. Publishers, intermediaries andlibrarians exist in a state of mutual inter-dependence. The extent to which we co-operate in developing and deliveringproducts and services to academic andprofessional readers and, indeed, to soci-ety in general will determine the futureof our professions. We have to revitalizeour dialogue on the many issues andmatters of mutual concern to the entirecommunity of research and scholarship.This must be addressed not only in one-to one discussion but also by our repre-sentative associations internationally.STM's Library Relations Committeeseeks dialogue with appropriate libraryorganizations in order to progress andresolve the issues that hitherto havedivided us.

The Blue Shield Committee:Working for the Protection ofthe World's Cultural Heritage

The Blue Shield is the cultural equivalentof the Red Cross. It is the symbol speci-fied in the 1954 Hague Convention formarking cultural sites to give them pro-tection from attack in the event of armedconflict. It is also the name of an inter-national committee set up in 1996 towork to protect the world's cultural her-

itage threatened by wars and natural dis-asters.

The International Committee of theBlue Shield (ICBS) covers museums andarchives, historic sites and libraries. Itbrings together the knowledge, experi-ence and international networks of thefour expert organizations dealing withcultural heritage: an unrivalled body ofexpertise which is now available toadvise and assist in responding to eventssuch as war in former Yugoslavia andhurricane damage in Central America.ICBS is international, independent andprofessional.

The Mission of the ICBS is to work forthe protection of the world's cultural her-itage by coordinating preparations tomeet and respond to emergency situa-tions.

Its objectives are:– to facilitate international responses to

threats or emergencies threateningcultural property;

– to encourage safeguarding and respectfor cultural property especially by pro-moting risk preparedness;

– to train experts at national and region-al level to prevent, control and recov-er from disasters;

– to act in an advisory capacity for theprotection of endangered heritage;and

– to consult and cooperate with otherbodies including UNESCO, ICCROMand the International Committee ofthe Red Cross (ICRC).

It achieves this by:– collecting and sharing information on

threats to cultural property world-wide;

– raising public awareness about dam-age to cultural heritage;

– promoting good standards of riskmanagement among those responsi-ble for cultural heritage at all levels,from institutions to national govern-ments;

– working to make decision makers andprofessional staffs aware of the needto develop prevention, preparedness,response and recovery measures;

– providing professional expertise tohelp meet emergencies;

– identifying resources for disaster pre-vention and for rapid intervention inemergencies; and

– encouraging the establishment ofnational Blue Shield committees.

The vital work of the ICBS was recog-nized in the Second Protocol to theHague Convention, agreed in April 1999by 84 countries. This gives ICBS a newrole, to advise the inter-governmentalCommittee for Protection of CulturalProperty in the Event of Armed Conflict.

Local Blue Shield Action

It is vital that the international initiativeis taken up and supported by local ini-tiatives. Blue Shield Committees arebeing formed in a number of countries.They bring together the different profes-sions, local and national government, theemergency services and the armedforces. They provide a forum for them toimprove emergency preparedness bysharing experiences and exchanginginformation. They provide a focus forraising national awareness of the threatsto cultural heritage. They promote theratification and implementation bynational governments of the Hague Con-vention.

ICBS is formed by four non-govern-mental organizations: – ICA - The International Council on

Archives – ICOM - the International Council of

Museums– ICOMOS - the International Council

of Monuments and Sites – IFLA - the International Federation of

Library Associations and Institutions

To contact ICBS:

ICA (International Council on Archives),60, rue des Francs-Bourgeois, 75003Paris - France (fax: +(33-1) 42722065, e-mail:[email protected]; <http://www.archives.ca/ICA/>)

ICOM (International Council of Muse-ums), Maison de l'UNESCO, 1, rue Miol-lis, 75732 Paris, cedex 15 - France (fax:+(33-1) 43067862; e-mail:[email protected]; <http://www.icom.org>)

ICOMOS (International Council onMonuments and Sites),49-51, rue de laFédération, 5015 Paris, France (fax: +(33-1) 45660622: e-mail:[email protected]; <http://www.international.icomos.org>)

IFLA (International Federation ofLibrary Associations and Institutions),POB 95312, 2509 CH The Hague, Nether-lands (fax: +(31-70) 3834827; e-mail:[email protected]; <http://www.ifla.org>)



ALA Names Two Honorary Members

Vartan Gregorian and the late JeanneHurley Simon were elected to honorarymembership in the American LibraryAssociation (ALA) in a decision made bythe ALA Council at the ALA MidwinterMeeting in San Antonio, Texas. Honorarymembership, ALA's highest honor, isconferred in recognition of outstandingcontributions of lasting importance tolibraries and librarianship.

Vartan Gregorian was honored "inrecognition of his dynamic Presidency ofthe New York Public Library, his engage-ment with many library events, includ-ing IFLA's Conference in Chicago [in1985] and his current effort to establishincreased rapport between the CarnegieCorporation and the libraries of the Unit-ed States." Mr Gregorian is the Presidentof the Carnegie Corporation of New York,a grant-making institution founded byAndrew Carnegie in 1911. Prior toassuming his current position in 1997,Mr Gregorian served as President ofBrown University (1989-1997) and asPresident of the New York Public Library(1981-1989). Since 1993 he has been anadvisor to Ambassador Walter Annen-berg and the Annenberg Foundation. MrGregorian serves on the boards of sever-al institutions, including the Bill andMelinda Gates Foundation and the Insti-tute for Advanced Study at PrincetonUniversity. He has received numerouscivic and professional honors, includingover 50 honorary degrees, and is therecipient of the Ellis Island Medal ofHonor (1986) and the American Acade-my and the Institute of Arts and Letters'

Gold Medal for Service to the Arts (1989)and the National Humanities Medalawarded by President Clinton in 1998.

Jean Hurley Simon was honored "inrecognition of her leadership of the USNational Commission on Libraries andInformation Sciences (NCLIS), her advo-cacy on many library issues, and herefforts to reach out to the library com-munity with linkages and cooperativeprogrammes with NCLIS." Mrs Simondied in February 2000, shortly after herelection to Honorary Membership. JeanHurley Simon was appointed Chair ofNCLIS by President Clinton in 1993 andreappointed in 1997. She began her pub-lic career as an Assistant State's Attorneyfor Cook County, Illinois. In 1956 shewas elected to the first of two terms inthe Illinois House of Representatives. Asa Representative, she was a member ofthe Judiciary Committee and the chiefsponsor of one of the nation's first billsto ban electronic eavesdropping. Aftertwo terms in the Illinois General Assem-bly, Mrs Simon moved with her husband,Paul Simon, to Troy, Illinois where shehelped to organize library and parkboards and assisted her husband in hiscampaigns for the legislature, lieutenantgovernor, senate and the presidency. MrsSimon's book about her campaign expe-riences during Paul Simon's year-longbid for the presidency in 1987-88, Code-name: Scarlett: Life on the CampaignTrail by the Wife of a Presidential Can-didate, was published in 1989. MrsSimon served as member of the Adviso-ry Council to the 1979 White House Con-ference on Library and Information Ser-vices and as a legislative analyst for theNational Advisory Council on Women'sEducational Programs.

Robert Wedgeworth Winner ofJohn Ames Humphry/OCLC/Forest Press Award

Robert Wedgeworth is this year's recipi-ent of the American Library Association(ALA) International Relations Commit-tee's John Ames Humphry/OCLC/ForestPress Award. The cash award of USD1,000 is donated by OCLC/Forest Press.It is given to an individual for significantcontribution to international librarian-ship. Robert Wedgeworth received theaward for his 30 years of dedicatedinvolvement in promoting internationallibrarianship. Mr Wedgeworth served asthe second American President of IFLAfrom 1991 until 1997. As President heworked to promote the interests of devel-oping countries through such activitiesas the establishment of IFLA's Advance-ment of Librarianship Core Programme.During his tenure on the IFLA ExecutiveBoard, 1985-1997, he championed causessuch as copyright and freedom of expres-sion to the international library commu-nity.

He has also made significant contribu-tions in the USA by expanding interna-tionalism through his work and supportof the Mortenson Center at the Universi-ty of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, andthough his mentoring of dozens of USlibrarians interested in becominginvolved in international work.

Pat Harris, Chair of the HumphryAward Jury, notes that "Robert Wedge-worth's interest and involvement in theglobal aspects of librarianship hasspanned his career. We can now clearlysee how Wedgeworth's leadership andvision has strengthened the organiza-

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Publications of International Relevance

IFLA Directory 2000-2001

The new edition of the IFLA Directorycontains in one place a listing of all thecurrent Members, Affiliates and Corpo-rate Partners of IFLA, together with thenames and contact details of the mem-bers of the governing bodies and of allthe professional units of IFLA. It alsolists contact details for the staff of all theIFLA offices around the world, including

Headquarters in The Hague and the CoreProgrammes and other core activities. Inshort, it is an invaluable reference toolfor anyone involved in the internationallibrary and information community. Newfeatures this year include an index ofprofessional groups, and brief descrip-tions of each of the Core Programmes. Inaddition to street and postal addresses, e-mail and World Wide Web addresseshave been included where possible.

IFLA Members have received one copyof the IFLA Directory free of charge.Additional copies may be purchased atNLG 35, plus NLG 25 handling charge.Non-members pay NLG 95, plus NLG 25handling charge. The IFLA Directory isavailable from Karin Passchier, Publica-tions Department, IFLA Headquarters,POB 95312, 2509 CH The Hague, Nether-lands (fax: +(31-70) 3834827 (e-mail:[email protected]).

Miscellaneous

tions that are a focal point for interna-tional librarianship and resulted in theUS becoming a powerful contributor oftalent and resources to the internationalarena. Of most importance he has broad-ened the circle, extending the boundariesto include developing countries andshaping the international agenda toembrace the issues that are central to theglobal library community."

Robert Wedgeworth is the former Uni-versity Librarian of the University of Illi-nois at Urbana-Champaign. He alsoserved as Executive Director of the ALAand Dean of the School of Library Ser-vice at Columbia University, New York.

Lynne Brindley new Chief Executive at British Library

Lynne Brindley has been appointed asthe British Library's new Chief Execu-tive. Ms Brindley is currently Pro-Vice-Chancellor and University Librarian atthe University of Leeds, and will takeover from Brian Lang at the beginning ofJuly. She had worked in the BritishLibrary from 1979 to 1985 in Biblio-graphic Services and as Head of theChief Executive's Office. She has workedin the private sector as a senior manage-ment consultant for KPMG and has heldhigh-profile management roles in com-puting and libraries at the LondonSchool of Economics and at Aston Uni-versity. Speaking of her appointment, MsBrindley said, "I feel enormously privi-leged and excited to be taking on therole of Chief Executive at such a criticaltime. I'm looking forward to meeting youall and working on the new challengeswe face. The Library's wonderful collec-tions, their stewardship and exploitationwill remain at the core, but we need rig-orously to assess the profound impactthe digital revolution will have on all ouractivities. I intend to put digital librarydevelopment centre stage: to create thevision and programmes to build robustarguments for funding, from both ourpublic and private sources. Our high pro-file document supply business operatesin an increasingly competitive market -we need to be clear about our position inthat marketplace, how we can build new,high value services, and what the oppor-tunities are for collaboration in suchactivities. Partnerships and collabora-tions of all kinds will be an importantmode of operation for the future as wereach out to new audiences, through theLibrary's public activities and increasing-ly through the Library's presence on theWeb. We need to create structures and

develop competencies that will ensurethe Library positions itself centrally inthe knowledge society of the 21st centu-ry". Commenting on the appointment,British Library Chairman, John Ashcroftsaid, "I am pleased to be welcomingLynne to the British Library and delight-ed that for the first time in its history, theLibrary has a Chief Executive who is alsoa professional librarian." Paying tributeto Brian Lang, the outgoing Chief Execu-tive, Mr Ashcroft said, "I congratulateBrian Lang for his hard work and com-mitment to the British Library, in partic-ular, in guiding the Library through thedifficult years during the final stages ofthe building project but which have cul-minated in the tremendously successfulmove to the splendid new St. Pancrasbuilding. He has overseen the creation ofthe world's finest research library, andon behalf of Library staff, I wish him allthe best in the future."

Building a Virtual Library

There have been several past and currentinitiatives to create a virtual library. Butthe roads leading to Utopia often appearbarren. Most national and universitylibraries have started to implement digi-tization programmes. Every day they arepublishing on the Web more and more ofthe most significant pages of their cul-tural heritage. However, the more docu-ments that are published, the more diffi-cult it becomes to find relevant informa-tion.

Aware of these difficulties, UNESCO,within the framework of its "Memory ofthe World" Programme, has contractedIFLA to identify the major works ofnational, regional and global interestwhich have been digitized from originalsfirst published on traditional carriers(manuscripts, printed works, pho-tographs, etc.).

After two years of survey and workbased on the competency of two of itsCore Programmes respectively hosted bythe Bibliothèque nationale de France andthe British Library, IFLA has finally setup a unique directory of collectionswhich offers searches based on keywords, countries and dates. This directo-ry, available on the UNESCO Web site<http://www.unesco.org/webworld/mow/digicol>, enables the user to view exist-ing collections and presents links to theholding institution where more detailedinformation, or the document itself, isprovided.

UNESCO and IFLA will be updatingthis directory on a regular basis. It willbe the beginning of a true virtual libraryresulting from the fruitful collaborationof the community of national and uni-versity libraries and hopefully ofarchives, and museums.

Nepal Enters the ISBN World

The report which follows was submittedby Krishna Mani Bhandary, Chief Librar-ian at Tribhuvan University CentralLibrary.

After years of painstaking efforts, theTribhuvan University Central Library(TUCL) has been appointed as a Nation-al Agency (with the recommendation ofNepal Booksellers and Publishers' Asso-ciation) for the ISBN InternationalAgency Berlin for the distribution ofISBNs to the publishers of Nepal fortheir forthcoming books.

A programme was held at the TUCL,Kirtipur on 26 January 2000 to mark thebeginning of ISBN in Nepal. The formerPrime Minister of Nepal, Girija PrasadKoirala, inaugurated the programmeamidst a special function. On the occa-sion, speaking as the Chair of the cere-mony, Tribhuvan University Vice Chan-cellor Naveen Prakash Jung Shah laudedthe role played by TUCL in serving theintellectual community and praised it forits painstaking effort in getting theauthority to act as the ISBN NationalAgency office. Welcoming the distin-guished guests, Krishna Mani Bhandari,on behalf of the organizing committee,narrated the struggles and vicissitudesthe TUCL went through to get the ISBNagency office. The President of NepalPublishers and Booksellers Association(NBPAN), Govinda Shrestha and Secre-tary, Madhav Lal Maharjan, highlightedthe importance of ISBN systems. Themessages sent by Hartmut Walravens,Director of the International ISBNAgency, Berlin; Ms Anke Lehr, Chief,ISBN National Agency, Germany; andH.K. Kulay, Director of the Print Founda-tion, Norway were also read out on theoccasion.

With the recommendation of NepalPublishers and Booksellers' Association(NBPAN), the International ISBN agencyBerlin, Germany had given the authorityin June 1999 to the TUCL to act as theNational Agency in Nepal. The TUCLNepal has been assigned the NationalAgency/country code # 99933. Soonafter the inauguration ceremony publish-ers in Nepal have flooded to the TUCL

Miscellaneous


with application forms to get ISBN num-bers for their forthcoming books.

With this, the intellectual communityas well as book traders in Nepal havefound themselves extremely happy andare assured of finding their intellectualcreation in the international marketplace and commended the TUCL for itsefforts and termed this event as a land-mark in Nepal's book publishing, pro-cessing and book trade history.

International Paper Conteston Digital Library or Information Science andTechnology in DevelopingCountries

The American Society for InformationScience (ASIS), International InformationIssues Special Interest Group, is holdinga competition for papers to be submittedfor the Annual Conference in Chicago,Illinois, USA, 13-16 November 2000. Thetheme is: "Practical Collaborative Appli-cations of Digital Library or InformationScience and Technology in AdvancingCommunications, Information andKnowledge in the Developing World."

The paper topic could be at the coun-try or regional level, and could includeprojects supported by government, non-government organizations, internationalorganizations, professional associationsand/or academic institutions. Papers

could present practical experiences inareas such as, but not limited to, the fol-lowing: development of electronicresources across networks, cooperativeprojects to avoid duplication of efforts,sharing of resources between informa-tion institutions and providers, bringingaccess to information to distant and dis-advantaged communities.

There will be six winners. Winnerswill be selected by a panel of judges, con-sisting of Trudi Bellardo Hahn, Universi-ty of Maryland; Ben-Ami Lipetz, StateUniversity of New York at Albany; andBahaa El Hadidy, Professor Emeritus,University of South Florida. The prize foreach winner is a two-year individualmembership in ASIS. In the case of mul-tiple authors, the principal author will beawarded the ASIS membership.

Only papers by a principal author whois a citizen of a developing country areeligible. The papers should be original,unpublished, and in English. We encour-age submissions from librarians, infor-mation and network specialists, and edu-cators involved in the creation, represen-tation, maintenance, exchange, discovery,delivery, and use of digital information.

Authors are invited to submit manu-scripts, not to exceed 6000 words, by 31August 2000. Authors are encouraged tosubmit papers electronically. For moreinformation or to submit manuscripts,please contact Nathalie Leroy (e-mail:[email protected]).

SEPIA Conference, 12-14 September 2000

The Public Record Office will be hostingan international conference, 12-14 Sep-tember 2000, with the theme, "Written inLight: Photographic Collections in a Dig-ital Age", as part of the project Safe-guarding European Photographic Imagesfor Access (SEPIA) funded under theEuropean Union's Framework Pro-gramme in support of Culture. The con-ference's aim will be to bring togetherthose responsible or photographic collec-tions (such as curators, librarians andconservators) and experts in photogra-phy and digital imaging. The focus willbe on issues that must be considered inincreasing Europe-wide access to collec-tions of photographic materials whileensuring the preservation of those samematerials for future generations.

Image digitization has had a dramaticimpact on the ability of institutions hold-ing photographic collections to reach outto all sectors of society, and policy-mak-ers at both national and European levelsare keen to see it employed on a largescale. Many people have been unawareuntil now of the wealth of material beingpreserved, often at public expense, and ofthe images of an often vanished worldthat are available for them to see anduse. Institutions can now grant unheard-of remote access as an extension to theiron-site reading facilities while reducingthe handling and environmental changesthat result in damage to precious andfragile originals. The apparent simplicityof the process is misleading, though, andmay lead to expensive mistakes and dis-appointing results. Projects still needcareful preparation, and expertise fromboth traditional and digital environ-ments has to be shared.

The conference will look at issues suchas:– how to reconcile the varying require-

ments and exploit the differing skillsof libraries, museums and archives;

– aims of digitization;– technical requirements, image quality,

image enhancement;– selection criteria, user requirements;– preservation of originals in relation to

digitization;– cataloguing, descriptive methods,

metadata, long-term management ofdigital images; and

– workflow, costs, organizational issues,and training.

Speakers will be experts from Europeand the USA. Apart from plenary papers,there will be small group sessions on

News Section


Marking an Intellectual Landmark: Krishna Mani Bhandari; Girija Prasad Koirala;Naveen Prakash Jung Shah and Govinda Shrestha after the inauguration.

topics like: conservation and preserva-tion measures for large collections oforiginal photographs; requirements fordigital imaging; the ethics of digitalimaging/enhancement/restoration andcopyright. A trade exhibition of suppliersof relevant products will be organized,and one afternoon will be spent visitinginstitutions with significant photographiccollections and expertise in their preser-vation.

For more information, contact TimPadfield, Public Record Office, Kew, Rich-mond, TW9 4DU, UK (fax: +(44-20)83925295; e-mail:[email protected]) or consult theSEPIA Web site <http://www.knaw.nl/ecpa/sepia>.

Second Worldwide Conference on Special Librarianship

The 2nd Worldwide Conference on Spe-cial Librarianship will be held inBrighton, UK from 16-20 October 2000.Its theme is "GLOBAL 2000: The Infor-mation Age: Challenges & Opportunities:The Information Industry from a GlobalPerspective". The trends shaping theinformation industry transcend interna-tional boundaries. Copyright infringe-ment, the role of the Internet in informa-tion distribution, rising journal costs,knowledge management - these issuesaffect information professionals aroundthe globe. Subject areas of presentationswill include: mapping the future; intel-lectual property as human rights issues;international copyright; the impact ofnews globally; and equity of access toinformation resources. In particular,information professionals; corporate,government, and academic librarians;global information professionals andconsultants; Internet researchers; knowl-edge managers and specialists; globallibrary/information brokers; Intranetdevelopers and managers; Global com-petitive intelligence professionals; Web-masters; and content managers shouldattend the conference.

Along with many other organizations,including ARLIS/NA, EBLIDA, JapanSpecial Libraries Association, LIASA,Russia National Public Library for Sci-ence and Technology, The Library Asso-ciation (UK), IFLA is also a sponsor ofthe event.

The registration fee of USD 495includes courses, breaks and several

meal functions. Reservations must bemade directly with the SLA EuropeanBureau, Boulevard St. Michel 15, B-1040,Brussels, Belgium (fax: +(32-2) 7431550;e-mail: [email protected]). Thehotel booking form is available on theGlobal 2000 Web site, <http://www.sla-global2000.org>.

Wade Giles to Pinyin onversion Software

The National Library of Australia ispleased to announce that a programmeto convert Chinese bibliographic recordsfrom Wade-Giles to Pinyin Romanisationis now available to the wider East Asianlibrary community. Called "W2P", theprogramme will convert records thathave Chinese words in Wade-GilesRomanisation into Pinyin Romanisation.It is designed to convert Chinese biblio-graphic records, as well as records inother languages such as Japanese, Kore-an or English which include words inWade-Giles, from Wade-Giles to Pinyin.

Advantage of using W2P include:– identification and flagging of doubtful

conversions for human review. W2Pdoesn't convert words blindly asrecords can contain words in otherlanguages that resemble Wade-Gileswords;

– an easy to operate menu-driven pro-gramme;

– capacity to convert a large number ofrecords in a short time; and

– useful utilities to facilitate conversionsuch as ftp, record counting,spanned/unspanned format conver-sion, etc.

The National Library of Australia suc-cessfully used W2P to convert its Chi-nese, Japanese, and Korean database of amillion records from Wade-Giles toPinyin to establish its Pinyin database.W2P has also been used to convertrecords in the local systems of Australianlibraries, and is attracting worldwideinterest from libraries that are contem-plating Wade-Giles to Pinyin conversionof their own data.

For more detailed information aboutthe conversion programme, conditions ofuse and downloading instructions, visitthe W2P Web page at: <http://www.nla .gov.au/asian/ncjk/w2p_conver-sion_2.html> or contact Ms BemalRajapatirana, Manager, AustralianNational CJK Service, National Library ofAustralia, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia

(fax: +(61-2) 62731180; e-mail:[email protected]).

Obituary

Ezekiel B. Bankole - In Memoriam

Chief Ezekiel B. Bankole, a member ofthe IFLA Journal Editorial Committeefrom 1984 to 1987 died on 20 January2000. He spent most of his life in acade-mic libraries. His professional reputationwill rest not only on his internationalwork but also on the development of theUniversity of Lagos Library which hehelped to make one of the best in hiscountry. As a senior Nigerian librarian,who was always commendably profes-sional in his dealings with others, he wasalways aware of the need to extendlibrary and information services' cooper-ation between not only the other acade-mic libraries in Africa, especially thosewhich used English - although he wasalso an enthusiastic supporter of workwith French-speaking colleagues - andparticularly through his involvementwith Standing Conference of AfricanUniversity Librarians West Africa(SCAUL-WA). Although an international-ist the financial position of libraries inhis country, to his regret, inhibited hisabilities to participate as much as hewould have wished not only in IFLA butalso in other African ventures. Afterretirement he continued his interest inbooks and journals by founding and edit-ing the African Journal of AcademicLibrarianship and by establishing a firmfor academic libraries' books, journalsand equipment supply. However theworsening political and financial situa-tion of Nigeria at that time inhibited itsoperation and financial success. He wasnot an extroverted man but he heldviews strongly and usually managed toget his way through quiet and skillfuldiplomacy. Although on the surfaceWesternized, partly as the result of hislibrary education in Manchester, andworking with one of the gurus of Niger-ian librarianship, the New ZealanderJohn Harris, he was rightly proud of hisAfrican cultural heritage, society andbackground and it was this that con-tributed much to his professionalstrengths. In West Africa he will be long-remembered professionally for hisachievements.

Russell Bowden. Honorary IFLA Fellow

Miscellaneous


May 1-3, 2000. Buenos Aires, Argentina.26th Congress of the InternationalPublishers Association. Theme: "Pub-lishing in the 21st Century: A Pathfrom the Past to the Future". For infor-mation: Congresos InternacionalesS.A., Moreno 584, 9th floor, 1091Buenos Aires, Argentina (fax: +(54-11)43310223; e-mail: [email protected])

May 3. World Press Freedom Day<http://www.fieg.org>

June 3-11, 2000. Sudak, Crimea. 7thInternational Conference. Theme:"Libraries and Associations in theTransient World: New Technologiesand New Forms of Cooperation". Forinformation: Crimea 2000 OrganizingCommittee, 12 Koznetsky Most,103919 Moscow, Russian Federation(fax: +(7-095) 9259750; e-mail:[email protected]; Web site:<http://www.iliac.org/crimea2000/eng_inf.html>

June 5-9, 2000. Amsterdam, Netherlands.Workshop on Management of Photo-graphic Collections. Organized by theEuropean Commission on Preserva-tion and Access and the National Pho-tographic Conservation Studios. Forinformation: ECPA, POB 19121, 1000GC Amsterdam, Netherlands (fax:+(31-20) 6204941; e-mail: [email protected]; <http://www.knaw.nl/ecpa/sepia>

July 2-5, 2000. London, UK. 8th Interna-tional Congress on Medical Librarian-ship

July 3-7, 2000. Singapore. Conference ofthe International Association of Soundand Audiovisual Archives and theSoutheast Asia Pacific Audio VisualArchives Association. Theme: "AFuture for the Past: AV Archiving inthe 3rd Millennium". For information:Karen Chan (fax: +(65) 3395697; e-mail: [email protected]); <http://seapavaa.virtualave.net>

July 31-August 11, 2000. Tilburg, Nether-lands. 5th International SummerSchool on the Digital Library. Forinformation: Tilburg Innovation Cen-tre for Electronic Resources, POB4191, 5004 JD Tilburg, Netherlands(fax: +(31-13) 4668383; e-mail:[email protected]; <http://www.ticer.nl>

August 6-10, 2000. Malmö, Sweden. IASLAnnual Conference. Theme: "Informa-tion Literacy: Key to the Future". Forinformation: Malmö Kongressbyra,Centralstation, SE-21120 Malmö, Swe-den (fax: +46-40) 235520; e-mail: [email protected])

August 8-11, 2000. Haifa, Israel. SatelliteMeeting of the Section on Manage-ment and Marketing. Theme: "Market-ing Libraries with a Focus on Academ-ic and Large Libraries". For informa-tion: Réjean Savard, Ecole de biblio-théconomie et des sciences de l'infor-mation, Université de Montréal, C.P.6128, succursale A, Montreal, QuebecH3C 3J7, Canada (fax: +(1-514)3435753; e-mail: [email protected])

August 9, 2000. Athens, Greece. The 16thAnnual International Conference ofParliamentary Libraries. Organized bythe Section on Library and ResearchServices for Parliaments and spon-sored by the Hellenic Parliament. Forinformation: Eleni Mitrakou, HellenicParliament, Serials Department, 218Lenormant Ave., Athens 11528, Greece

August 17, 2000. Ramallah, PalestinianAuthority. Special Meeting of the Sec-tion on Library and Research Servicesfor Parliaments. Organized by the Sec-tion on Library and Research Servicesfor Parliaments. For information:Richard Paré, Library of Parliament,Wellington Street, Ottawa, Ontario,Canada (fax: +(1-613) 9967092; e-mail:[email protected])

August 12-17, 2000. Cairo, Egypt. XIthConference of AFLI (Arab Federationfor Libraries and Information)

August 13-18, 2000. Jerusalem, Israel.66th IFLA General Conference.Theme: "Information for Cooperation:Creating the Global Library of theFuture"

August 21-24, 2000. Paris, France. Sym-posium 2000: Managing the Preserva-tion of Periodicals and Newspapers.For information: Marie-Thérèse Var-lamoff, IFLA-PAC, Bibliothèquenationale de France, 2 rue Vivienne,75084 Paris Cedex 2, France (fax:+(31-1) 47037725; e-mail: [email protected])

September 12-14, 2000. London, UK.International Conference on Photo-graphic Collections in a Digital Age.Organized by the Public Record Officeunder the SEPIA (Safeguarding Euro-pean Photographic Images for Access)under the European Union's Frame-work Programme in Support of Cul-ture. Theme: Written in Light: Photo-graphic Collections in a Digital Age".For information: Tim Padfield, PublicRecord Office, Kew, Richmond TW94DU, UK (fax: +(44-20) 83825295; e-mail: [email protected];<http://www.knaw.nl/ecpa/sepia>

September 17-22, 2000. St. Louis, Mis-souri, USA. INTAMEL. Theme: "PublicLibraries in a Global Society". Forinformation: Pat Wressell, 36 High-bury, Jesmond, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 3EA, UK (fax: +(44-191) 2120146;e-mail: [email protected])

September 18-20, 2000. Cartegena deIndia, Colombia. 27th IBBY Congress.Theme: "The New World for a NewWorld: Children's Books for the NewMillennium". For information: SilviaCastrillon, Fundalectura, Apartado048902, Av. (Calle) 40 # 16-46, Santaféde Bogota, Colombia (fax: +(571)2877071; e-mail: [email protected]; www.fundalectura.org.co).

September 27-29, 2000. Colima, Mexico.2nd International UNESCO Memoryof the World Conference. For informa-tion: Abdelaziz Abid, UNESCO, Infor-mation and Informatics Division, 1,rue Miollis, 75015 Paris, France (fax:+(33-1) 45685583 (e-mail: [email protected])

October 16-22, 2000. Brighton, UK. Sec-ond Special Libraries AssociationInternational Conference. Theme: "TheInformation Age: Challenges andOpportunities". For information: SLAEuropean Bureau, Boulevard St.Michel 15, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium(fax: +(32-2) 7431550; e-mail: [email protected]; Web site: www.sla-global2000.org)

October 24-26, 2000. Abu Dhabi, SaudiArabia. Annual Meeting of theSLA/Arabian Gulf Chapter. For infor-mation: Sa'ad Azzahri Alghamdi, Box730, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia(fax: +(966-3) 8731173; e-mail:[email protected])

News Section


International Calendar

June 7-9, 2001. Alghero, Sardinia, Italy.EAHIL Workshop. Theme: "2001:Cyberspace Odyssey". For information:<http://medicina.unica.it/alghero2001/main.htm>

August 19-26, 2001. Boston, Massachu-setts, USA. 67th IFLA Council andGeneral Conference. Theme:

"Libraries and Librarians: Making aDifference in the Knowledge Age"

August 18-24, 2002. Glasgow, Scotland,UK. 68th IFLA General Conference.Theme: "Libraries for Life: Democracy,Diversity, Delivery"

August 1-8, 2003. Berlin, Germany. 69thIFLA Council and General Conference.

Theme: "Access Point Library: Media -Information - Culture"

August 2004. Buenos Aires, Argentina.70th IFLA Council and General Con-ference

August 2006. Seoul, Korea. 72nd IFLACouncil and General Conference

International Calendar
