The Simplest Gravity Control Cell

byFran De Aquino

Copyright © 2008 by Fran De AquinoAll Rights Reserved

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The paper (I)Mathematical Foundations of the Relativistic Theory

of Quantum Gravity predicts that the weight can be controlled by means of several

processes.

The most simple process is by means of a Gravity Control Cell (GCC)

The concept of the GCC were presented in the paper (II): Gravity Control by means of Electromagnetic Field

through Gas or Plasma at Ultra-low pressure

A Gravity Control Cell (GCC) is basically a recipient filled with gas or plasma where is applied an electromagnetic field. According to the theory, when the frequency of the electromagnetic field is decreased or when the intensity of the electromagnetic field is increased the gravity acceleration above the gas or plasma is decreased. Thus, samples hung above the gas or plasma should exhibit a weight decrease. The electrical conductivity and the density of the gas or plasma are also highly relevant in this process. A GCC works as a Gravitational Shielding which can be

controlled. The gravity acceleration above the GCC is g1 = g where g is the gravity acceleration below the GCC and is given by

= mg / mi0 Where mg and mi0 are respectively the gravitational and inertial masses of the gas or plasma inside the GCC. g g1 = g g g

GCC

According to Eq. (20) (paper II), the gravitational mass mg of the gas or plasma inside the GCC is given by

02

43

21

44121 ig m

E

fcm

Where , , are respectively, the magnetic permeability, the electrical conductivity and the mass density of the gas or plasma inside the GGC; E and f are respectively the intensity and frequency of the electromagnetic field. From this equation we see why the substance inside the GCC must be gas or plasma (very-low density) and why the electrical conductivity of the substance is highly relevant. Note also that the electromagnetic field must has very-low frequency (<100 Hz).

Calculations

Consider a GCC with ionized air (high conductivity) 1310 mSair . . At temperature of 300K and 1 atm, the air

density inside the GCC, is 314521 mkgair .. . Thus, for

cmcmd 202 ; , and Hzf 60 the Eq. (20)(paper II) gives

110103121

144

121

416

24

43

2

rms

air

rmsair

airi

airgair

V

d

V

fc

m

m

.

Note that, for KVVrms 967. we obtain: 0air . Therefore, if the

voltages range of this GCC is: KV100 then it is possible to reach 1air when KVVrms 10 .

The simplest GCC we can build is filled with air strongly ionized by means of alpha particles emitted from one or several radioactive ions sources (a very small

quantity of Americium 241). The radioactive element Americium has a half-life of 432 years, and emits alpha particles

and low energy gamma rays.

The radioactive element Americium (Am-241) is widely used in ionization smoke detectors. This type of smoke detector is more common because it is inexpensive and better at detecting the smaller amounts of smoke produced by flaming fires. Inside an ionization detector there is a small amount (perhaps 1/5000th of a gram) of americium-241. The Americium is present in oxide form (AmO2) in the detector. The cost of the AmO2 is US$ 1,500 per gram. The amount of radiation in a smoke detector is extremely small. It is also predominantly alpha radiation. Alpha radiation cannot penetrate a sheet of paper, and it is blocked by several centimeters of air. The americium in the smoke detector could only pose a danger if inhaled.

The alpha particles generated by the Americium ionize the oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the air in the ionization

chamber increasing the electrical conductivity of the air inside the chamber. The high-speed alpha particles hit

molecules in the air and knock off electrons to form ions, according to the following expressions

ee

ee

HeNHN

HeOHO

22

22

The simplest GCC

Schematic diagram of a Gravity Control Cell filled with air (at ambient temperature and 1 atm) strongly ionized by means of alpha particles emitted from radioactive ions sources (Am 241, half-life 432 years). Since the electrical conductivity of the ionized air depends on the amount of ions then it can be strongly increased by increasing the amount of Am 241 in the GCC. This GCC has 36 radioactive ions sources each one with 1/5000th of gram of Am 241,

conveniently positioned around the ionization chamber, in order to obtain1310 mSair .

~ V , f Air @ 1 atm, 25°C

36 Radioactive ions sources used in ionization smoke detectors (Americium 241)

Insulating holder Epoxy Ionization chamber Aluminium, 1mm-thickness

d

Dynamometer g

g

GCC off 0 – 10 KV 0 – 220 V

220 V 60 Hz

~

Voltage Control

Voltage Transformer

Fixed pulley

GCC

Sample Any type of material

Any Mass

EXPERIMENTAL SET- UP

For KVVrms 967. we obtain: 0air g’ 0 Dynamometer g

g g’ 0 g GCC

7.96 KV

220 V 60 Hz

~

Voltage Control

Voltage Transformer

The weight of the sample becomes approximately

null

P = mgg’ 0

Above the GCC the gravity

becomes approx. null

For KVVrms 10 we obtain: 1air g’ -1g Dynamometer g

g g’ - 1g g GCC

10 KV 220 V

220 V 60 Hz

~

Voltage Control

Voltage Transformer

The weight of the sample becomes NEGATIVE

P = mgg’ mg(-1g)

Gravity Control Technologies

THE

G ENERGY

The Energy of the Future

g

g’=air(1)g

Massive Rotor

Gravity Control Cell (1)

r

r

R

g’’=air(2)g’ = g

air(1) = (air(2))-1 = -n

The average power of the gravitational motor is

rgnmP i33

21 1

Where im , is the inertial

mass of the rotor. (See Eq. 40 of paper II). For 210n , 1819 smg .. ,

Kgmi 30 and mr 050. ,

we obtain HPKWP 1406104 .

air(2)

air(1)

Conversion of G ENERGY into Rotational Mechanical Energy The Gravitational Motor

Gravity Control Cell (2) g

Gas

mg

Fm

Gas

For 1510 mSair . , KVVrms 13 and Hzf 6 the value of air inside the GCC

becomes 510air . If the thruster has three GCCs then, according to the theory (see

paper II), the gravity acceleration upon the gas sprayed inside the thruster will be given by

ˆˆ 20

15

20

33 10r

MG

r

MGga gg

airairgas

For kgMi 20 , mr 10 and kgmgas

110 the thrust is

NamF gasgas510

Thus, the Gravitational Thrusters are able to produce strong thrusts.

GCC Mg

FM

GCC GCC agas

Propulsion Systems using G ENERGY

The G Thruster

Propulsion Systems using G ENERGY The G Turbo Motor

GCC GCC GCC

Gas Helix

Gas

HIGH

SPEED Motor axis

GAS

The gravitationally accelerated gas, by means of the GCC, propels the helix which movies the motor axis.

G ENERGY in Telecommunications Systems

The fact of a change in a gravitational field reach instantaneously everywhere in space occurs simply due to the speed of the graviphoton (“virtual” gravitational quanta) to be infinite. It is known that there is no speed limit for “virtual” photons. On the contrary, the electromagnetic quanta (“virtual” photons) could not communicate the electromagnetic interaction at infinite distance.

Thus, there are two types of gravitational radiation: the real, and the virtual which is constituted of graviphotons; the real gravitational waves are ripples in the space-time generated by gravitational field changes. According to Einstein’s theory of gravity the velocity of propagation of these waves is equal to the speed of light (c).

Unlike the electromagnetic waves the real gravitational waves have low interaction with matter and consequently low scattering. Therefore real gravitational waves are suitable as a means of transmitting information. However, when the distance between transmitter and receiver is too large, for example of the order of magnitude of several light-years, the transmission of information by means of real gravitational waves (v = c) becomes impracticable due to the long time necessary to receive the information. On the other hand, there is no delay during the transmissions by means of virtual gravitational radiation (graviphotons) since v = . In addition the scattering of this radiation is null. Therefore the virtual gravitational radiation is very suitable as a means of transmitting information at any distances including astronomical distances (Instantaneous Interstellar Communications).

G ENERGY in Telecommunications Systems

Transmitter and Receiver of Virtual Gravitational Radiation (Graviphotons)

i f

Quantum G Antenna

i i f f

Real Gravitational Waves v = c

Graviphotons v =

GCC

GCC

Graviphotons v =

Note that the Quantum Gravitational Antennas can also be used to transmit electric power. It is easy to see that the Transmitter and Receiver can work with strong voltages and electric currents. This means that strong electric power can be transmitted among Quantum Gravitational Antennas. This obviously solves the problem of wireless electric power transmission.

GCC

The Graviphotons are produced by the variation of the gravitational mass of the air or plasma inside the GCC. By

varying gm the gravitational field

generated by gm varies producing

gravitational radiation. Thus a GCC can work like a Gravitational Antenna.

Spacecraft using G ENERGY The Gravitational Spacecraft

air

mg

r

Gravitational Shielding

Mg

The gravitational mass of the air (very close to the spacecraft) can be easily reduced by means of an electromagnetic field (Erms) if the outer surface of the spacecraft is recovered with a radioactive element (for example Am 241). This increases the electrical conductivity of the air making possible to produce a controlled Gravitational Shielding (similar to a GCC) surround the spacecraft.

Erms (low frequency)

g = G mg / r2

g’ = air g

Spacecraft

Under these conditions, the gravity accelerations on the spacecraft (due to the rest of the Universe) is given by

g’i = air gi i = 1, 2, 3 … n Thus,

Fis= Fsi = Mg g’i = Mg (air gi) By reducing the value of air, the gravitational forces acting on the spacecraft (s) can be strongly reduced. According to the Mach’s principle this effect can reduce the inertial properties of the spacecraft and consequently, leads to a new concept of spacecraft and space flight.

It was shown that, when the gravitational mass of a particle is reduced to the gravitational mass ranging between iM1590. to iM1590. , it

becomes imaginary [paper I], i.e., the gravitational and the inertial masses of the particle become imaginary. Consequently, the particle

disappears from our ordinary space-time. However, the factor imaginaryiimaginaryg MM remains real because

real

M

M

iM

iM

M

M

i

g

i

g

imaginaryi

imaginaryg

Thus, if the gravitational mass of the particle is reduced by means of absorption of an amount of electromagnetic energy U , for example, we have

1121

220cmU

M

Mi

i

g

This shows that the energyU of the electromagnetic field remains acting on the imaginary particle. In practice, this means that electromagnetic fields act on imaginary particles. Therefore, the electromagnetic field of a GCC remains acting on the particles inside the GCC even when their gravitational masses reach the gravitational mass ranging between iM1590. to iM1590. and they become imaginary particles. This is very

important because it means that the GCCs of a gravitational spacecraft keep on working when the spacecraft becomes imaginary. Under these conditions, the gravity accelerations on the imaginary spacecraft (due to the rest of the imaginary Universe) are given by .,...,,, njgg jj 321

Where imaginaryiimaginaryg MM and 2jimaginarygjj rGmg . Thus, the gravitational forces acting on the

spacecraft are given by

.22

2

jgjgjgjg

jimaginarygjimaginaryg

jimaginaryggj

rmGMriGmiM

rGmM

gMF

Note that these forces are real. Remind that, the Mach’s principle says that the inertial effects upon a particle are consequence of the gravitational interaction of the particle with the rest of the Universe. Then we can conclude that the inertial forces upon an imaginary spacecraft are also real. Consequently, it can travel in the imaginary space-time using its thrusters. It was shown that, imaginary particles can have infinite speed in the imaginary space-time [paper I] . Therefore, this is also the speed upper limit for the spacecraft in the imaginary space-time. The travel in the imaginary space-time can be very safe, because there won’t any material body along the trajectory of the gravitational spacecraft.

“virtual” transition ( 0.159 > mg > +0.159 ) 1 Light-year

dAB =1 Light-year (9.46 X 1015m)

“virtual” transition ( 0.159 < mg < +0.159 ) mg

Gravitational Spacecraft

Travel in the IMAGINARY SPACE-TIME

tAB =1 second

A

B

tAB =1 year

Light photon

Vmax =

Vmax = c