FOREST SECTOR INFORMATION REPORT

Annual Review

2014

GUYANA FORESTRY COMMISSION

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................... 2

ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................. 4

GLOSSARY OF TERMS .................................................................................................................. 5

1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 6

2.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 7

3.0 ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................... 8

3.1 The International Economy ........................................................................................................ 8

3.1.1 Economic Growth ................................................................................................................ 8

3.1.2 Flows to Developing Countries .......................................................................................... 10

3.2 International Forestry Environment .......................................................................................... 11

3.2.1 International Tropical Timber Market Summary ................................................................ 11

3.2.2 Latin America ..................................................................................................................... 12

3.2.3 Market Trends for Guyana’s Timber Exports .................................................................... 13

3.3 The Guyana Economy ............................................................................................................. 14

3.3.1 Economic Growth .............................................................................................................. 14

3.3.2 The Forest Sector .............................................................................................................. 15

1. Revising Forest Industry Standards .................................................................................. 15

2. Developing Capacities for Managing CITES Timber Species ........................................... 15

3. Developing Capacities at the GFC in Policy and REDD+ Areas ....................................... 15

4. GFC Reports on Forest Sector Status as part of National Trade Policy Review .............. 16

5. Community Forestry .......................................................................................................... 16

6. National Log Export Policy ................................................................................................ 16

7. Year 4 Forest Area Change Assessment Report .............................................................. 17

8. Forest Carbon Measurement System (FCMS) in Guyana .................................................. 17

9. MRVS Roadmap Phase 1 Review ...................................................................................... 17

10. Development of MRVS Roadmap Phase 2 ......................................................................... 18

11. Strengthening of Guyana’s Technical Capacity to Implement MRVS................................. 18

12. Guyana's Reference Level Proposal for submission to UNFCCC ...................................... 19

13. Community MRVS- support to NRDDB & Konashen .......................................................... 19

14. FAO’s Space Data Management System (SDMS) ............................................................. 19

3.3.3 Contribution to GDP .......................................................................................................... 23

4.0 FORESTRY SECTOR STRUCTURE ................................................................................. 24

4.1 Land Allocation Breakdown ..................................................................................................... 24

4.2 Other Forest Sector Licences .................................................................................................. 25

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5.0 PRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 26

5.1 Production Volumes ................................................................................................................. 27

5.2 Log Production ......................................................................................................................... 27

5.2.1 Log Production .................................................................................................................. 27

5.2.2 Log Production by GFC Reporting Regions and Forest Stations ...................................... 28

5.2.3 Monthly Production of Primary Lumber ............................................................................. 28

5.2.4 Primary Lumber by GFC Reporting Regions and Forest Stations .................................... 28

5.3 Roundwood Production ............................................................................................................ 29

5.4 Splitwood Production ............................................................................................................... 30

5.5 Fuelwood Production ............................................................................................................... 30

5.6 Plywood Production ................................................................................................................. 31

5.7 Non-Timber Forest Products .................................................................................................... 31

6.0 Employment & Domestic Prices .......................................................................................... 33

7.0 EXPORTS ........................................................................................................................... 35

7.1 Exports Summary ..................................................................................................................... 35

7.1.1 Log Exports........................................................................................................................ 37

7.1.2 Sawnwood Exports ............................................................................................................ 37

7.1.3 Roundwood Exports .......................................................................................................... 38

7.1.4 Splitwood Exports .............................................................................................................. 39

7.1.5 Plywood Exports ................................................................................................................ 39

7.1.6 Other Value-Added Exports ............................................................................................... 40

7.2 Exports by Destination ............................................................................................................. 40

7.2.1 Log Exports by Destination ................................................................................................ 40

7.2.2 Sawnwood/Lumber Exports by Destination ....................................................................... 40

7.2.3 Roundwood Exports by Destination .................................................................................. 41

7.2.4 Splitwood Exports by Destination ...................................................................................... 42

7.2.5 Plywood Exports by Destination ........................................................................................ 42

7.3 Forestry Sector Export Earnings by Destination ...................................................................... 43

Bibliography .................................................................................................................................... 45

APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................. 46

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ABBREVIATIONS

CARICOM Caribbean Community

CFO Community Forestry Organisation

CITES Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species

COCA Community Owned Conservation Area

ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

EU European Union

FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations

FCMS Forest Carbon Monitoring System

FCPF Forest Carbon Partnership Facility

FDI Foreign Direct Investment

FLEGT (European Union) Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade

FoB Free on Board Price

FPA Forest Products Association

FPDMC Forest Products Development and Marketing Council Inc.

FTCI Forestry Training Centre Inc.

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GFC Guyana Forestry Commission

IEMI Brazilian Market Intelligence Institute

IMF International Monetary Fund

ITTO International Tropical Timber Organisation

LCDS Low Carbon Development Strategy

LUS Lesser Utilized Species

MNRE Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment

MRVS Monitoring Reporting and Verification System for REDD+

NGO Non-Governmental Organisation

NTWG National Technical Working Group for EU FLEGT

OPEC Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

PES Payment for Environmental Services

REDD+ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Plus

RL Reference Level

SDMS Space Data Management System

SFEP State Forest Exploratory Permit

SFM Sustainable Forest Management

SFP State Forest Permission

TSA Timber Sales Agreement

UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

VPA Voluntary Partnership Agreement

WCL Wood Cutting Lease

WEO World Economic Outlook

WTO World Trade Organisation

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Dressed Lumber Firewood Fuelwood

Wood sawn lengthways from Logs, further processed by use of planes, etc. Includes parts of trees made up into bundles or loads, or cut in a manner in which it is usual to cut wood for burning, and all refuse wood generally, but does not include straight logs or poles of any kind. Wood in the rough, from trunks and branches of trees, to be used as fuel for purposes such as cooking, heating and power production. Categories of Fuelwood are converted to Charcoal.

Non-timber Forest Products Piles Poles Posts Primary Lumber Round Logs Roundwood

All biological material, other than timber products, that may be extracted from natural ecosystems, either for commercial purposes, for use within the household or for social, cultural or religious purposes. Also known as Non-wood Forest Products. Long straight pieces usually destined to be driven into the ground by impact, or pressed with mechanical pressure. Straight pieces of 5m or more in length taken from tree trunks. They are used principally to support telephone, telegraph and electrical transmission lines and for scaffolding. Round, hewn, squared or split wood, usually less than 3m in length, but possibly up to 5m, used for fencing, guard rails and the like. This includes Chainsawn Lumber and Lumber emanating from Portable Mills converted in the forest and declared at first point of declaration as Primary Lumber. A bole or a large branch after felling. Under the ITTO definition it is referred to as Industrial Roundwood. Wood in its natural state as felled or otherwise harvested, with or without bark, round, split, roughly squared or in other forms. Roundwood includes spars, posts, poles (Wallaba) and piles (Greenheart, Kakaralli and Mora).

Sawnwood Shingles Spars

Dressed lumber, undressed lumber, sleepers and pallets. Squares of usually Wallaba (Eperuafalcata) wood used to construct roofs and for panelling purposes. Saplings 15-25cm in diameter.

Splitwood Timber

Comprises Paling and Vat Staves and Shingles. Includes a tree or any ligneous part of a tree whether standing, fallen or felled, and all wood, whether or not sawn, split, hewn or otherwise cut up or fashioned.

Undressed Lumber Wattles

Wood in the rough, sawn lengthways from Logs. Saplings less than 8cm in diameter.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

This Report focuses on the performance of the Forestry Sector in Guyana for the year 2014 with a

comparison done with the year 2013. Production and export of various forest products based on

Guyana Forestry Commission (GFC) data are assessed in comparison with the previous year’s

performance. Additionally, the Report compares summary averages of domestic and export prices

and sector employment levels.

It continues with a summary of State Forest lands allocation across concession classes (with areas

classified according to GFC designated use/size categories) for 2014 and the Forest Sector’s

contribution (as traditionally measured in official national statistics) to Guyana’s real Gross

Domestic Product (GDP) over the past four (4) years, using the new rebased and re-benchmarked

series to year 2006.

Before addressing the Forest Sector in Guyana, a qualitative background summary, covering

changes/features and outlook in the local and international economies, is provided. This Section

includes developments in the International Tropical Timber Market with emphasis on the Latin

America/Caribbean region.

In the core report, Production data compares the volumes of various forest products by product

and species categories (where applicable), between 2013 and 2014, and across the Regions (as

designated for GFC purposes, and corresponding to the three counties of Demerara, Berbice and

Essequibo), by their respective sub-divisions referred to as Forest Stations.

Export data is analysed in terms of both volume and value for various product types, and the market

destination for the various products of this sector.

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2.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Production of 406,433m3 of Logs, 24,666m3 of Roundwood, 67,147m3 of Sawnwood and 41,372m3

of combined Plywood and Veneer were recorded in 2014. Other products including Fuelwood

(comprising of Charcoal and Firewood), Splitwood (Shingles and Paling Staves), Wattles, Manicole

Palm and Mangrove Bark were also produced in the year. The majority of forest products recorded

increases in production volume when compared to 2013, except for Primary Lumber, Splitwood,

and Fuelwood.

The increase in the production of logs was mainly driven by larger volumes of Class 1 Logs being

harvested, this accounted for the 33% increase in Log production in 2014 when compared to that

of 2013. Contributing to this increase was the significant increase Class 2 as well as the Special

Category which accounted for 22% and 12% higher production level in 2014 as compared to 2013.

In 2014, Roundwood production rose by 19.21% when compared to 2013. This was primarily due

to the higher volumes of Wallaba Poles being harvested in the year. Other products harvested in

this category were Greenheart Piles, Posts and Spars. All products in the Roundwood category

reflected increases in production volume, other than Spars.

Primary Lumber recorded an overall decline in production by 8.86% in 2014 when compared to

2013, which was mainly due to the reduction of Special Category Lumber by 14.69%. Class 2

lumber however, recorded an increase of 5.43% in 2014 compared to 2013.

In the export market, volumes of Logs exported grew by 80.78% while value increased by a larger

96.35% when compared to 2013. Similarly, increase was also recorded for the exports of

Roundwood, Splitwood and Plywood by 7%, 14% and 11% in volume, and 47%, 23% and 10% in

value respectively.

The overall picture reveals that production and export volumes were significantly higher than the

previous year with value gained in the export market being higher in 2014, and recording a 36.73%

increase in total export value of forest products when compared to year 2013.

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3.0 ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

3.1 The International Economy

3.1.1 Economic Growth

An uneven global recovery continued despite setbacks. This according to World Economic Outlook

(WEO) was largely due to weaker-than-expected global activity in the first half of 2014; citing

disappointing global recovery since 2010 the IMF has been consistently forced to revise down its

forecasts. Economic pundits from the IMF downwardly revised forecasted growth for the world

economy by 3.3% during 2014 which was 0.4% lower that original April 2014 predicted amount.

The IMF also report that with weaker-than-expected global growth during the first half of 2014

followed by increased downside risks, the projected pickup in growth fails to materialise or fall short

of expectation.

The IMF further contend that the three main short-term risks was that financial markets were too

complacent about the future tensions between Russia and Ukraine followed by tension in the

Middle East; and that a triple-dip recession in the euro-zone could lead to deflation

Most developed nations however opted to downside most of its risks since the earlier part of 2014,

where short term risks include a worsening of geopolitical tensions and a reversal of recent risk

spread and volatility compression in financial markets. Medium-term risks include stagnation and

low potential growth in advanced economies and a decline in potential growth in emerging markets.

(IMF, 2014).

Despite these developments, global growth has (UNCTAD, 2014) been projected at 3.5% and 3.7%

in 2015 and 2016 respectively which is a downward revisions of 0.3% relative to the October 2014

World Economic Outlook (WEO). The revisions reflect a reassessment of prospects in China,

Russia, the Euro Zone, and Japan as well as weaker activity in some major oil exporters because

of the sharp drop in oil prices. The United States is the only major economy for which growth

projections have been raised. (IMF, 2015)

According to the World Economic Outlook, four key developments have shaped the global outlook.

These are:

1. A declined in global oil prices by approximately 55%

2. Growth divergences among major economies

3. Appreciation and depreciation of major currencies

4. Interest rates and risk spreads have risen in many emerging market economies

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According to the (WEO), oil prices in U.S. dollars have declined by about 55%. The decline is partly

due to unexpected demand weakness in some major economies, in particular, emerging market

economies also reflected in declines in industrial metal prices. But the much larger decline in oil

prices suggests an important contribution of oil supply factors, including the decision of the

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) to maintain current production levels

despite the steady rise in production from non-OPEC producers, especially the United States.

With regards to masked growth divergence among major economies, significantly in the case of

the United States the WEO contended that the recovery was stronger than expected, while

economic performance in all other major economies most notably Japan fell short of expectations.

The weaker-than expected growth in these economies is largely seen as reflecting ongoing,

protracted adjustment to diminished expectations regarding medium-term growth prospects.

More marked growth divergence across major economies has caused U.S. dollar to appreciate

some 6% in real effective terms relative to previous values used. In contrast, the WTO has reported

that the euro and the yen have depreciated by about 2% and 8%, respectively, and many emerging

market currencies have weakened, particularly those of commodity exporters. (IMF, 2015)

With greater risk spread and increased interest rates among many emerging market economies,

especially with commodity exporters coupled with risk spread on high yields bond and other

products exposed to energy prices has expanded. The IMF reported that in many major advanced

economies, many long term government bonds have declined reflecting safe heaven effects and

weaker activity, while at the same time global equity indices in national currencies have remained

the same.

Globally, among major advanced economies, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) reported that

in North America, growth in the United States rebounded ahead of expectations after the

contraction in the first quarter of 2014, whiles unemployment further declined. It was observed that

inflation pressure remained more muffled, also reflecting the dollar appreciation and the decline in

oil prices.

Within the euro area, growth in the third quarter of 2014 was modestly weaker than expected,

largely on account of weak investment, and inflation and inflation expectation continue to decline

(IMF, 2015). According to the IMF 2015 report, in Asia, in particular Japan, the economy fell into

technical recession in the third quarter of 2014. Private domestic demand did not accelerate as

expected after the increase in the consumption tax rate in the previous quarter, despite a cushion

from increased infrastructure spending.

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3.1.2 Flows to Developing Countries

According to the UNCTAD World Investment Report 2014, global Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

returned to growth, with inflows rising 9% in 2013, to $1.45 trillion. However the report concluded

that foreign direct investment inflows into the 13 Latin American and Caribbean countries fell 23%

in the first half of 2014 to $84.07 billion, although projection is that FDI flows could rise to $1.6

trillion in 2014, $1.7 trillion in 2015 and $1.8 trillion in 2016, with relatively larger increases in

developed countries.

The decrease in the earlier part of 2014 has been attributed to fragility in some emerging markets

and risks related to policy uncertainty and regional instability that negatively affect the expected

upturn in FDI. Further, among the factors contributing to a decline in FDI inflows to Latin America,

UNCTAD summarised that the "absence of big corporate acquisitions" during the first half of 2014,

compared with the same six-month period of 2013, along with a deceleration in mining investment

due to lower metal prices.

Followed from 2013 into 2014, developing economies maintain the lead in FDI. According to

UNCTAD 2014 report, FDI flows to developed countries increased by 9% to $566 billion, leaving

them at 39% of global flows, while those to developing economies reached a new high of $778

billion, or 54% of the total. The balance of $108 billion went to transition economies. Developing

and transition economies now constitute half of the top 20 ranked by FDI inflows.

In 2013 excluding offshore financial centres which amounted to 182 billion, FDI flows to Latin

America and the Caribbean amounted to $292 billion. As with previous year FDI which was largely

driven by South America, in 2013 and 2014 flows to this sub-region declined by 6% to $133 billion,

after three consecutive years of strong growth. (UNCTAD, 2014)

In Brazil, FDI was up 8% for the first eight months of 2014 compared to the same period of 2013,

and official estimates indicate that annual inflows will be similar to those of the previous year. Whilst

in Chile, FDI flows fell 16% in the January-August period, continuing a trend that began in 2013.

According to UNCTAD, the fall was especially concentrated in the mining sector, which will

throughout 2015, although flows increase in the last months of 2014 as a result of the acquisition

of energy company CGE by Spain's Gas Natural for $3.29 billion.

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3.2 International Forestry Environment

3.2.1 International Tropical Timber Market Summary

The European flooring sector in 2014 underwent a period of major change and it is indicative of

what is happening in the wider European timber Industries. The flooring sector demonstrates how

technological innovation in other material sectors continues to put enormous pressure on wood’s

market position. It shows the European wood sector is fighting back with initiatives focusing heavily

on high product quality and strong environmental performance.

In 2014, imports of wood flooring into the European Union increased 4.9% to 29.7 million sqm when

compared to 2013, with deliveries from China, the single largest supplier, increasing by 4.9% to18.6

million sqm. According to ITTO, China accounted for 63% of total EU imports in 2014, exactly the

same proportion as the previous year.

EU imports of wood flooring from China over the long term have been more stable than from other

countries. Of major tropical supplying countries, imports from Brazil, Indonesia, Thailand and Ivory

Coast have fallen considerably in the last 5 years. ITTO further posits that in spite of the recent

growth, imports of wooden flooring in 2014 were still well below the recorded levels achieved

between 2005 and 2008. The Report articulated that since the slump during the financial crisis in

2009 when imports plummeted, there has been no significant recovery.

ITTO reports indicate that imports into Germany also increased strongly, by 14% to 4.72 million

sqm, followed by imports into Belgium which rose 7% to 3.92 million sqm. In the Netherlands

imports recovered in 2014 from the previous year’s low, increasing 7% to 2.49 million sqm. (ITTO,

2015). Imports into France increased, by 0.6% at 1.64 million sqm, whilst imports into Italy were

unchanged in at 3.25 million sqm.

According to ITTO, reports coming out of North America show that the US economy grew by an

estimated 2.6% (annual rate) in the 4th quarter of 2014. GDP growth slowed from the 5% annual

rate in the 3rd quarter. The slowdown was due to higher imports, lower federal government

spending, lower exports and less investment in non-residential buildings and assets than in the 3rd

quarter.

Reports on Asia show that Myanmar increased imports of logs from Sarawak; since Myanmar

implemented the log export ban, Indian traders have increased purchases from other sources.

Currently, Sarawak is the main supplier of non-teak hardwoods to India. India’s year on year log

imports from Sarawak increased by just over 13% between January and September last year.

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Reports from India posit that India has one of the largest reserves of bamboo in the world and 70%

of this natural resource is found in the North Eastern part of the country. The North East Centre for

Technology and Research is promoting bamboo for various uses such as laminated beams, door

and window frames, chairs, and sofa sets, coffee tables as also flooring. Further according to ITTO,

North Eastern states of India are priority areas for development, thus reforestation activities are

continuing and processing bamboo is being encouraged.

Also in Brazil according to the Brazilian Market Intelligence Institute (IEMI), prospects for the

furniture sector in 2015 are bright despite the disappointments of 2014. IEMI estimates a 1.4%

growth in revenues for manufactures and a 10% growth in revenue to furniture retailers.

3.2.2 Latin America

According to ECLAC, 2014, the GDP of the Latin American and Caribbean region grew by 1.1% in

2014, which was the slowest rate of expansion since 2009 and translated into a standstill in regional

per capita GDP. The report further indicated that sluggish regional performance was largely

determined by slow or negative growth in some of the largest economies: Argentina (-0.2%), the

Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (-3.0%) and Brazil (0.2%). Nevertheless, there were substantial

differences in growth rates from one country to another.

The fastest-growing economies in the region according the report were the Dominican Republic

and Panama (6.0% in both cases), followed by the pluri-national State of Bolivia (5.2%), Colombia

(4.8%), Nicaragua and Guyana (4.5% in both cases), then Ecuador, Guatemala and Paraguay (all

4.0%). Chile and Peru were two of the economies that slowed most heavily, with growth rates of

1.8% and 2.8% respectively. The Mexican economy grew by 2.1% in 2014, up from the 1.1%

recorded in 2013. With the exception of Saint Lucia, whose economy contracted by 1.4%, the other

economies grew at rates ranging from 0.5% to 4.0%. By sub region, South America posted

economic expansion of 0.7% (as against 2.8% in 2013), while Central America expanded by 3.7%

(4.0% in 2013). The Caribbean economies (not including Cuba, the Dominican Republic or Haiti)

posted growth of 1.9%, a stronger rate than in previous years and the highest since 2008 (ECLAC,

2014).

ECLAC 2014 further show that the region’s economic growth is expected to pick up in 2015, with

GDP growth of 2.2%, thanks to a variety of factors. First, domestic demand —and especially gross

fixed capital formation in several South American countries— is projected to rise, after the downturn

in 2014, driven by public or State-driven investment in infrastructure.

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3.2.3 Market Trends for Guyana’s Timber Exports

For the year 2014, the main export regions for Guyana forest product were Asia, North America,

Europe and the Latin America and the Caribbean region. Export to the Asia/Pacific region accounts

for more than 99% of all log exported from Guyana, with the main destination being China and

India. The main species exported in 2014 were Wamara, Purpleheart, Mora, Greenheart and

Kabukalli.

Sawnwood exports have been recorded in the Latin America and Caribbean region and Europe,

accounting for respectively 36% and 29% of total Sawnwood exports coming from Guyana. The

remaining 35% of Sawnwood were exported to the Asia Pacific (19%), North America (15%) and

South America (1%).

The maintained strong markets for Guyana Sawnwood within the Latin American and Caribbean

Region can be attributed to lucrative price offered for this product throughout the region. The

Caribbean markets have a preference for dressed Sawnwood. Shipments of Dressed Greenheart

earned FOB prices of US$976 per cubic metre. Dressed Purpleheart also made a notable

contribution to overall earnings with an increased top end price of US$1,200 per cubic metre. The

Caribbean was the major destination for both Dressed Greenheart and Purpleheart sawnwood.

Prime category undressed sawn greenheart top end prices remained stable at US$1,192 per cubic

metre FOB. The Caribbean and North America were the main market for this Undressed

greenheart sawnwood.

Plywood exports remained fairly stable in volume exported in 2014, but have shown some degree

of prices reduction (7%), with market prices closing for this product at end of 2014 at US$469 per

cubic metre FOB in the markets of the Caribbean and South America.

Roundwood export for the year 2014 recorded an increased in volume exported and value earned.

This increase can be attributed to a growing demand that exists for Roundwood on the North

American market and such trend is expected to continue in 2014. Roundwood (Greenheart piles)

FOB prices recorded a high of US$584 per cubic metre across Caribbean, European and North

American destinations.

Splitwood (Shingles) also reflected a stable market in 2014, with prices recorded at US$1,172 per

cubic metre FOB at close of 2014, and the Caribbean and North America remaining as the main

markets for this product category.

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3.3 The Guyana Economy

3.3.1 Economic Growth

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicted a 4.3% growth rate for Guyana in 2014 even as

it is projecting that economic activity in Latin America and the Caribbean will stay in low gear. This

was further enhanced by a World Bank 2013 report which contends that the Guyana economy

recorded an average growth of 4% in 2014.

According to the World Bank, Guyana’s growth has been driven primarily by continued expansion

in the extractive, agriculture, manufacturing and construction sectors. The medium-term economic

prospect is positive and is anchored by the Government’s commitment to sound policies and

reforms which emphasizes shared prosperity and poverty reduction.

Guyana has been moving towards establishing partnerships that can augment and introduce new

technologies into its principle sectors to ensure viability and competitiveness. In the agriculture

sector, the Government of Guyana has begun the introduction of bio-fertiliser into the rice and sugar

sectors to combat pests and reduce the impact of fertilizers on the environment. According to

reports from the Ministry of Agriculture, the farmer’s use of this technology will increase productivity

levels which will result in greater yields.

Guyana has demonstrated considerable enthusiasm in embracing the possibilities of

regionalisation from not only the Caribbean, but also the Latin American perspectives. The

Caribbean Community (CARICOM) has played an important role in the development of all its

Member States, recognising that they have stronger voices when united in the pursuit of

coordinated foreign and economic policies and development priorities, such as improving

standards of living and work.

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3.3.2 The Forest Sector

The GFC’s work programme in 2014 included a number of key areas of work that have been

prioritised under the National Forest Plan 2011. These areas cover aspects relating to forest

industry development, forest legality, sustainable forest management, timber harvesting, marketing

and training.

Some of the main programmes with areas of progress outlined, are presented below:

1. Revising Forest Industry Standards

In 2014, GFC continued the implementation of the ITTO project # PD 687/13 Rev.1 (I), entitled:

Strengthening the performance of the Wood Processing Sector in Guyana, through Building Local

Capacity and Enhancing National Systems that promote forest product trade and sustainable

utilization of forest resources.

The general focus of this ITTO funded project was (and is) to strengthen the performance of the

wood processing sector through building local capacity and enhancing national system that will

promote and facilitate efficient trade and utilization of lumber for local and export markets. Under

this project a revised Timber Grading Rules Handbook is being developed.

2. Developing Capacities for Managing CITES Timber Species

In 2014, ITTO PROJECT # TMT-SPD 014/13 Rev.1 (M) was further advanced. This project is

entitled: Enhancing the sustainable management and commercial utilization of the CITES Listed

species Cedrela Odorta (Red Cedar) in Guyana. The general objective of this ITTO funded project

is to strengthen forest planning and marketing of CITES listed, current and potential timber species

from Guyana.

Several activities such as collection/ analyses of inventory, production and market data are

ongoing.

3. Developing Capacities at the GFC in Policy and REDD+ Areas

In 2014, a project on: Institutional Strengthening in Support of Guyana’s Low Carbon Development

Strategy (LCDS) was concluded. The overall objective of the Institutional Strengthening in Support

of Guyana’s Low Carbon Development Strategy Project was to enhance national institutional

capacity in Guyana to address the impacts of Climate Change, ensure the effective implementation

of the Low Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS), and meet its commitments under interim

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation, Forest Degradation and Sustainable Forest Management

(REDD+) partnerships. There is now enhanced capacity within the Guyana REDD+ Secretariat to

develop and quantify many of the key elements of a Forest Carbon Measurement and Monitoring

System (FCMS) and increased effectiveness of the monitoring programmes in relation to the

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Development of Guyana’s MRVS.

4. GFC Reports on Forest Sector Status as part of National Trade Policy Review

In 2014, Guyana welcomed a WTO team to conduct a trade policy review. The Trade policy review

is conducted once every six years with the first two being conducted in 2003 and 2009. The team

was briefed on several initiatives taken to strengthen the legal parameters such as the new GFC

Act (2007) and Forest Act (2009) which addressed critical areas of management and access within

the sector. This has, in turn, facilitated trade in providing a more efficient mechanism to operate

within the industry. These changes were well received by the WTO team and acknowledged as a

step forward in improving trade polices within Guyana.

5. Community Forestry

Within the Community Forestry Programme, approximately 2,000 members within 73 Community

Forestry Organisation/Associations, benefitted from assistance and technical support. A total of

128 concessions (488,015 hectares of forest land) were issued to these Associations, providing

direct and indirect socio-economic benefits for members and others residing in and around the

respective concessions.

The following areas of capacity building were undertaken at the community level in 2014.

Community Development Unit Training Interventions: A total of 215 members from 21

community groups and other stakeholders received training and updates in community

governance, MRVS and REDD+, while an additional 36 members from 6 CFOs received

training in sustainable forest management practices.

Support Financing: This project allowed the community to engage in alternative income

generation mechanism such as fish drying and craft while improving their capacity to

manage their forest operations by constructing and furnishing an office.

Scholarship: One student (from Aroaima) was sponsored to read for a Certificate in

Forestry at the Guyana School of Agriculture for academic year 2014/2015.

6. National Log Export Policy

Year 2014 marked the penultimate year of implementation of the current National Log Export policy.

A new Policy will be developed in 2015 for implementation from Year 2016. This Policy will be

informed by a review of the first and second phases of the National Log Export Policy and also

inputs from stakeholders regarding expectations for the third phase.

National and regional consultation sessions are planned that will involve private sector

organisations, operators within the sector and Policy Makers.

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7. Year 4 Forest Area Change Assessment Report

During 2014, Forest change between January 01, 2013 and December 31, 2013 was determined

using high resolution 5 m imagery for the whole of Guyana.

Forest change of Forest to Non-forest excluding degradation between January 01, 2013 and

December 31, 2013 (12 months) is estimated at 12 733 ha. Over the Year 4 reporting period, this

equates to a total deforestation rate of 0.068%. This rate of change is lower than the previous Year

3 period which was reported as 0.079%.

The main deforestation driver for the current forest year reported (Year 4) is mining which accounts

for 90% of the deforestation in this period. It should be noted that the driver of mining includes

mining infrastructure.

Area Deforested 1990 to 2013

Period Years Forest Area

('000 ha)

Change

('000 ha)

Change Rate

(%)

Initial forest area 1990 18 473.39

Benchmark (Sept 2009) 19.75 18 398.48 74.92 0.41

Year 1 (Sept 2010) 1 18 388.19 10.28 0.056

Year 2 (Oct 2010 to Dec 2011) 1.25 18 378.30 9.88 0.054

Year 3 (Jan 2012 to Dec 2012) 1 18 487.88 14.65 0.079

Year 4 (Jan 2013 to Dec 2013) 1 18 475.14 12.73 0.068

8. Forest Carbon Measurement System (FCMS) in Guyana

Work on Phase Two (2) of the Forest Carbon Monitoring System (FCMS) continued to focus in

2014 on the medium potential of change stratum. Emissions factors are currently being developed

for degradation occurring around mining deforestation and infrastructure and degradation from

shifting agriculture. The REDD Secretariat is also in the process of developing a community level

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for forest carbon monitoring.

9. MRVS Roadmap Phase 1 Review

At the completion of implementation of the MRVS Roadmap for Phase 1, a series of consultation

sessions were conducted over the period 24-27 March 2014 in Georgetown, Guyana. The

consultations with national and international partners and experts reviewed the progress achieved;

lessons learned and discussed the foundations for continued engagement and next steps in further

developing Guyana’s forest monitoring capacities.

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10. Development of MRVS Roadmap Phase 2

Roadmap Phase 2 was developed in 2014 to consolidate and expand capacities for national

REDD+ monitoring and MRV; and support Guyana in meeting the evolving international reporting

requirements from the UNFCCC as well as continuing to fulfil additional reporting requirements,

e.g. to meet obligations under the bilateral cooperation agreement with the Government of Norway.

It will also support Guyana in further developing forest monitoring as a tool for REDD+

implementation.

Three specific areas were identified where key activities are recommended for the next 1-3 years

in order to consolidate and expand capacities:

a. Consolidate capacities and routine REDD+ monitoring and MRV

b. Develop national forest monitoring as tool for REDD+ implementation

c. Knowledge sharing and capacity building

Progression of Guyana’s REDD+ monitoring: frame for Roadmap Phase 1 and Roadmap

Phase 2.

11. Strengthening of Guyana’s Technical Capacity to Implement MRVS & Other REDD+

Related Activities- funded by Guiana Shield Facility

Through support from the Guiana Shield Facility, the GFC began implementing this project which

seeks to address activities outlined in both the MRVS Road Map as well as Guyana’s R-PP; these

being the Development of National Reference Level; REDD+ Consultations on development of the

National MRVS; the Exploration of Co-benefits under the MRVS and the Development of national

REDD+ Strategies.

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The outcome of the project will be the strengthening of Guyana’s capacity to manage forest

resources and environmental services through the development of an appropriate national

reference level as well as aspects of the MRVS related to PES, which will in turn allow for

strengthened monitoring of deforestation and forest degradation. The capacity building exercises

will see improved knowledge of REDD+ and the MRVS, as well as the involvement of these

communities in executing their foreseen roles in REDD+ and the MRVS.

12. Guyana's Reference Level Proposal for submission to UNFCCC

Guyana prepared and submitted its Proposal on Reference Level (RL) for Guyana’s REDD+

Programme to the UNFCCC in December 2014. This submission will be review by a Technical

Panel in 2015. It is intended that Guyana will make a final submission, following this review, by

September, 2015.

13. Community MRVS- support to NRDDB & Konashen

In continuing to support efforts at the development of MRV at the subnational level, the GFC has

been continuing its work with the NRBBD as well as commencing support of the WaiWai Konashen

Community Owned Conservation Area (COCA) CMRV Project, a collaboration with the WWF.

A key area of focus during the GFC’s interaction with the NRDDB was that of improving pathways

for integrating community data into national forest monitoring systems

14. FAO’s Space Data Management System (SDMS)

In 2014, Guyana was selected to be a pilot country in the FAO’s Space Data Management System

(SDMS). This pilot is intended to make medium resolution satellite imagery available to developing

countries as well as to provide training and further capacity building, as well as technical support

to the pilot countries. Guyana’s selection was based on its enabling environment and Guyana’s

willingness to promote and evaluate alternative MRVS approaches.

17. Guyana Continues to Advance in EU FLEGT VPA Negotiations

In the area of EU FLEGT, funding from the FAO has allowed for two critical projects to be developed

under the Guyana – EU FLEGT VPA engagement; namely:

A Communication and Consultation Strategy which is in its draft stage and highlights the

most appropriate mechanisms to be used to communicate with various stakeholder groups.

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A Scoping of Impacts Study which sought to highlight the possible impacts the VPA will

have on various stakeholders. This study was aimed at highlighting what were the main

constraints and areas for improvements that would be needed when the VPA is finalized.

Outreach and consultation continues to be a part of the activities of the NTWG and the

FLEGT Secretariat. There were a number of outreach sessions which were held across

the country with various stakeholders. These sessions were focused mainly on gathering

comments and feedback on the Legality Definition (LD).

The Joint Roadmap for the VPA process was adjusted after the second negotiation in July.

However, as was mentioned to all stakeholders, the roadmap is not static, and if there is

need for changes these can be made if and when the need arises. This need has arisen

and it is expected that the first few months of 2015 will see updates being made to the Joint

Roadmap; these being finalized at the 3rd Negotiation scheduled for early 2015.

The main changes which are to be made will focus mainly on the dates for specific

deliverables since there were delays in some scheduled activities, as requested by the EU.

During 2014, there were a number of VCs held which were aimed at discussing technical

issues on the VPA such as the LD and the verification systems.

An international Workshop was also held on Sharing Experiences on the FLEGT VPA in

Guyana during the month of September. Participants from a number of VPA countries and

non- VPA countries were able to participate and provide a lot of useful information on the

VPA process in various parts of the world.

15. SUPPORT FROM ASSOCIATED FORESTRY ENTITIES

The implementation of GFC’s activities for 2014 was supported by the Forestry Training Centre

Incorporated (FTCI) and the Forest Products Development and Marketing Council (FPDMC).

FORESTRY TRAINING CENTRE INC.

FTCI trained 243 persons for 2014. Two large companies took advantage of the highly

subsidized courses being offered.

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Total

Courses

Total

Participants Participants

14 234

5 Courses - sponsored by the Board of Industrial

Training

2 Courses - University of Guyana

1 Courses -Guyana School of Agriculture

1 Courses – Amerindian Community

1 Courses – Small Loggers Association

2 Courses- Companies in Suriname

2 TSA’s (VHPI; BCL)

Additionally, 33 other participants benefited from extension training through a collaborative effort

with FTCI and Farfan and Mendes.

Training demand was high among rural forest based communities but this training cost could only

be financed through donor support. To foster this, FTCI has been able to develop a partnership

with UNDP and with the communities of Kaburi Amerindian Village and Rockstone Amerindian

Village to do training in 2014. New opportunities are expected to emerge in 2015. FTCI maintained

developmental partnerships with the Board of Industrial Training, ETS Suriname and FAO. These

opportunities are expected to expand in 2015. Additionally, FTCI submitted a training proposal to

an NGO in Belize that could lead to a training opportunity in May 2015. Following a meeting in

September 2014 with TSA/WCL Concessionaires, the FPA members recommended a regional,

decentralized approach to training due to geographical differences in species composition and

forest conditions. FTCI will operationalize this in 2015.

FOREST PRODUCTS DEVELOPMENT AND MARKETING COUNCIL

During the year 2014, the Council focused on Product Development and Innovation; Quality and

Legality Assurance in the form of support to the EU/FLEGT initiative; Branding; Development of

Lesser Used Species (LUS); Market Intelligence/Promotion; Training; Expanding the national

consumption of timber and developing new markets overseas.

The Council coordinated an initiative centered on the training of Guyanese

technicians in India and the testing of selected species of timber at an Indian

laboratory. Species that were identified for testing comprised woods that pose

problems for processing in Guyana. A list of these species was submitted to the

Indian High Commission for consideration.

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Additionally, FPDMC coordinated interactions with the Indian High Commission on

possible funding and expertise for a forest products value-added training facility.

Discussions will continue in 2015 on these topics.

The Council prepared applications for funding for four projects that are designed

to get the timber industry in Guyana ready for the European market following the

successful conclusion of the Guyana/EU FLEGT negotiations.

These projects which will commence in the first quarter of 2015 once the

applications are approved. They will focus on educating stakeholders about the

terms and conditions of the Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) and the

implications of the VPA for their businesses. One of the projects will highlight the

implications of dealing with illegal timber.

The Council continued its advertising campaign to promote the use of the Lesser

Used Species of woods. Brochures reflecting the benefits of using LUS were

distributed to persons attending various exhibitions. Television advertisement was

produced and aired on several occasions.

The FPDMC in collaboration with MNRE extended invitations to all the Permanent

Secretaries at the various Ministries seeking their cooperation in ensuring that the

LUS are utilized in works undertaken by government departments requiring

wooden material. A LUS Seminar "Enhancing the use of LUS timber in

Government Procurement Projects" was subsequently conducted and in

attendance were Government Permanent Secretaries and Engineers.

Presentations were made by the GFC & FPDMC. Follow-up actions are to be taken

in 2015. A copy of the Hand Book on the LUS produced by the Council was

included in promotional packages sent to these Ministries.

Lesser Used Species Promotional packages were prepared and disseminated to

the overseas missions via the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

The Council undertook the exercise of producing five thousand timber trade

magazines for the forest sector.

The FPDMC launched an enhanced marketing database encompassing 27

countries worldwide and reflecting in excess of over 600 companies dealing with

timber and timber products. The data base was then placed on the FPDMC

website for easy access to stakeholders.

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3.3.3 Contribution to GDP

In 2010, the Bureau of Statistics introduced a new series of Gross Domestic Product rebased and re-

benchmarked to year 2006, replacing the series based in 1988. The table below shows the trend of GDP

over the past 9 years. This statistic is taken as a measure of primary production of Logs, Sawnwood,

Roundwood and Splitwood. As such, total forest sector contribution that included added value forest

products, (including plywood, furniture, and building components, etc.) tally to a higher percentage

contribution. This additional aspect of forest sector contribution is recorded under the Manufacturing sector.

Table 1: Forestry and Agriculture Contribution to GDP

GDP at Constant 2006 Basic Prices (G$M) Forestry's Sub Sector Contribution to:

Year GDP

Agriculture

Sector

Forestry

GDP

Agriculture

Sub Sector Sector

2006 262,880 62,779 10,958 4.17% 17.45%

2007 281,335 63,131 10,331 3.67% 16.36%

2008 286,896 61,280 8,927 3.11% 14.57%

2009 296,417 62,060 9,161 3.09% 14.76%

2010 309,373 65,514 10,238 3.31% 16.12%

2011 326,194 65,199 9,289 2.85% 14.25%

2012 341,905 67,579 8,886 2.6% 13.15%

2013 359,758 69,151 9,330 2.6% 19.22%

2014 373,919 73,229 10,633 2.8% 14.52%

Source: Bureau of Statistics 2015@Constant 2006 Prices

According to the new statistics, the Forest Sector’s contribution towards GDP over the past years had been

relatively stable since 2011 at the close to 3% mark. In terms of the Forest Sector’s contribution towards

the Agriculture Category, its contribution had been consistently above the 14% mark with small changes

over the time series examined.

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4.0 FORESTRY SECTOR STRUCTURE

4.1 Land Allocation Breakdown

State Forest Permissions (SFPs) are granted for 2 years for an area no more than 8,047 ha; Wood Cutting

Leases (WCLs) are granted for up to 10 years of an area between 8,047 ha and 24,000 ha; and Timber

Sales Agreements (TSAs) are granted for a period up to 30 years for an area in excess of 24,000 ha. All

leases are renewable subject to compliance with the terms of the agreement. State Forest Exploratory

Permits (SFEPs) are granted for 3 years and is the precursor to a TSA and WCL.

Table 2: Forestry Land Allocation Table

% %

Total

AllocationState Forest

PRODUCTION LANDS

State Forest Permits (SFP) 525 2,054,357 29 17

State Exploratory Permits (SFEP) 7 570,302 8 5

Wood Cutting Leases (WCL) 1 21,267 0.30 0.17

Timber Sale Agreements (TSA) 27 4,435,811 62 36

Total Production Area Allocated by GFC 560 7,081,737 100 57

PERMANENT RESEARCH AND RESERVES

GFC Forest Reserves 11 17,797

Total Forest Allocated (Management by GFC) 7,099,534

Unallocated State Forest Estate 5,218,350

Total State Forest Estate 12,317,884

PROTECTED AREAS

Iwokrama 1 371,681

Kaieteur National Park 1 61,091

Other Protected Areas (Shell Beach and Kanuku

Mountains) 2 730,300

Area (Hectares)COUNTCLASSIFICATIONS

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4.2 Other Forest Sector Licences

Sector activity licences are valid for one (1) calendar year only; continued activity at these operations

requires annual renewals.

Table 3: Licences Issued 2014 & 2013

Year of Issuance Demerara Berbice Essequibo North West

Year 2013 41 22 7 0 70

Year 2014 61 31 10 0 102

Year 2013 104 35 27 3 169

Year 2014 92 32 36 3 163

Year 2013 9 5 2 1 17

Year 2014 9 4 9 1 23

Year 2013 98 63 76 26 263

Year 2014 109 58 78 21 266

Year 2013 64 49 61 3 177

Year 2014 78 46 67 2 193

Year 2013 5 4 8 0 17

Year 2014 4 4 8 0 16

Year 2013 23 1 4 0 28

Year 2014 25 1 5 0 31

Year 2013 12 15 4 0 31

Year 2014 16 32 7 1 56

Year 2013 2 1 3 0 6

Year 2014 5 4 3 0 12

Year 2013 10 5 8 0 23

Year 2014 21 10 12 0 43

Year 2013 366 200 200 33 801

Year 2014 420 222 235 28 905

Lumber Yard

Licence Type

Comparison of Year 2013 & 2014 Licence Issuance

TotalDivision

Timber Dealer Export

Timber Path

Permit to Erect

TOTAL

Timber Dealer No Storage

Sawpit Licence

Sawmill Licence

Firewood Licence

Charcoal Licence

Timber Depot

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5.0 PRODUCTION

The Production Table below shows the production level for various forest products over 2013. The

production aspect is related to utilization of forest resources as reported based on Timber Products (Logs,

Sawnwood, Roundwood, Splitwood, Plywood and Fuelwood) and Non-Timber products (Wattles and

Manicole Palm).

Table 4: Forest Sector Production 2014

PRODUCTS Unit 2012 2014 % Change

TIMBER PRODUCTS

Logs m3 Special Category 85,097.35 94,993.40 11.63

Class 1 121,070.59 198,467.44 63.93

Class 2 56,435.23 68,785.15 21.88

Class 3 41,998.42 44,187.16 5.21

Total Logs 304,601.60 406,433.16 33.43

Roundwood m3 Greenheart Piles 15,787.91 17,633.25 11.69

Kakaralli Piles 765.02 765.6519645 0.08

Mora Piles 0 -

Wallaba Poles 2,271.41 4,067.05 79.05

Posts 1,889.71 2,053.77 8.68

Spars 290.72 146.9456129 (49.45)

Total Roundwood 20,690.92 24,666.67 19.21

Primary (Chainsaw) Lumber m3

Special Category 13,099.52 11,174.87 (14.69)

Class 1 40,014.82 36,149.55 (9.66)

Class 2 11,398.76 12,017.33 5.43

Class 3 9,159.78 7,805.92 (14.78)

Total Primary Lumber 73,672.88 67,147.68 (8.86)

Splitwood m3 Paling Staves 126.87 44.5922 (64.85)

Shingles 116.16 59.43 (48.84)

Total Splitwood 243.03 104.0222 (57.20)

Fuelwood Charcoal m3 11,652.26 12,044.87 3.37

Firewood m3 27,071.80 20,467.69 (24.39)

Total Fuelwood m3 38,724.06 32,512.56 (16.04)

Plywood m3 16,166 22,574 39.64

Veneer m4 18,943 18,798 (0.77)

NON - TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS Wattles pieces 375,146.63 401,618.00 7.06

Manicole Palm pieces 1,576,340 2,796,974 77.43

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5.1 Production Volumes

Table 5 presents production volumes for various primary Timber and Non-Timber forest products, together

with Plywood, for the Year 2014 compared to 2013. Production attributed to individual Forest Stations within

the respective Regions (as per GFC designation) of Demerara, Essequibo, and Berbice, are shown in

Appendices I – IV, attached.

Production volumes of various forest products recorded an overall increase in 2014 when compared to

2013 volumes. These products included Logs, Roundwood, Sawnwood (Primary Lumber), Splitwood and

Plywood.

5.2 Log Production

5.2.1 Log Production

A total of 406,433m3 of Logs was recorded for 2014, 33.43% higher compared to production in 2013

(304,601m3).

Class 1 Logs was largely responsible for this increase in log production, followed to a lesser extent by the

Special Category. Class 1 Logs showed significant increases by 63%, followed by another substantial

increase for Class 2 by 22%; Class 3 recorded a modest increase by 5% over the reviewed period. Special

Category recorded increase in production by 11.63%, moving from 85,097m3 to 94,933m3.

This increased production level is owed to the high volumes of Wamara, Greenheart, Baromalli, Kabukalli

and Purpleheart being harvested. In the case of Class 1 Logs, which increased by 63.93% moving from

121,070m3 in 2013 to 198,467m3 in 2014, Wamara, Kabukalli, Mora, Shibadan and Locust were the main

species harvested in this category. In the Class 3 category production the top species harvested were

Darina, Burada and Limonaballi.

Figure 1: Monthly Trends of Logs Production

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2014 84,385 15,620 24,783 24,128 26,591 20,930 23,200 42,124 30,820 32,082 33,041 48,731

2013 19,482 13,491 21,471 20,360 18,348 17,573 20,966 19,493 35,920 33,336 29,581 54,581

-

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

Cu

bic

me

tre

28

28

The graph above compares monthly log production for years 2013 and 2014. Over the review period log

production remained above its compared 2013 production for most of the year except for slight declined

during the months of September and October. However due to large production quantities during the other

periods, log production 2014 maintained a higher total volume over the 2013 production level.

5.2.2 Log Production by GFC Reporting Regions and Forest Stations

Essequibo, which holds the majority of State Forest Lands and Allocated Production areas, produced

129,145m3 (inclusive of North West) or 31% national log volume for 2014, followed by Berbice (119,066m3)

and then Demerara (118,236m3) (Appendix I). Of Essequibo’s eleven (11) Forest Stations, the three (3)

Stations recording the highest production levels were Buckhall (71,128m3), Parika (12,396m3) and Winiperu

(8,543m3) all together accounting for 71 % of the region’s total and 22% national log output (Appendix IV).

5.2.3 Monthly Production of Primary Lumber

Production of Primary Lumber for 2014 was 67,147m3 or 9% less than the previous year’s (73,672m3). This

was mostly due to low production in the earlier part of the year.

The overall trend in Lumber production for the review period showed a steady output with small increases,

however when compared to previous year, the results were indicative of lower volumes, except for the later

parts of 2014.

The primary species used for lumber production in 2008 were Tauroniro, Kabukalli, Greenheart, Wallaba,

Mora, Simarupa, Purpleheart, Shibadan, Kereti, Washiba, and Wamara.

Figure 2: Primary Lumber Production Trend

The Graph above shows he monthly trends in Lumber production for year 2014 and 2013.

5.2.4 Primary Lumber by GFC Reporting Regions and Forest Stations

In 2014, Demerara maintained the top area in the production of Sawnwood, recording 24,810m3 (37%) of

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2014 4,202 3,626 4,598 5,326 4,995 6,089 7,524 4,979 5,959 5,535 6,036 8,278

2013 3,686 5,813 6,265 6,650 5,613 5,151 6,449 6,166 6,900 5,944 6,403 8,633

-

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

29

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national volume of primary lumber, this was followed by Essequibo (9,592m3) and then Berbice (4,389m3).

The most productive stations were Soesdyke (10,872m3), Georgetown (7,566m3) and Linden (5,239m3) in

Demerara; in Essequibo, Parika (3,564m3) and Supenaam (2,424m3); and in Berbice, Canje (2,201m3).

5.3 Roundwood Production

Production of Piles, Poles, Posts and Spars are recorded under the product category of Roundwood. Piles

produced were primarily of the Greenheart species with few being Kakaralli, while Poles, Posts and Spars

were derived mainly from the Wallaba species.

Figure 3: Monthly Trends in Roundwood Production

The graph above shows Roundwood production for the year 2014 and 2013. The overall production trends

of Roundwood for the period in review was indicative of the high demand due to prevailing domestic housing

market.

Roundwood production for 2014 totalled 24,666m3, 19.21% higher than the 20,690m3 produced in 2013.

The overall increase in Roundwood production was spread among the various products, but was mostly

attributable to increase in the production of Greenheart Piles (from 15,787m3 to 17,633 m3). Other products

increase similarly in terms of percentages with Wallaba Poles and Posts increasing by 79% and 8%

respectively.

Figure 4: Production Trends of Greenheart Piles

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2014 5,429 671 1,471 1,657 1,937 1,975 1,780 1,508 2,058 1,519 2,114 2,549

2013 589 1,228 1,409 1,369 1,192 1,462 1,800 1,501 1,941 3,264 2,221 2,714

- 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2014 4,974 458 908 1,153 1,532 1,335 1,147 774 1,426 810 1,404 1,711

2013 321 950 1,087 929 889 1,139 1,461 1,133 1,454 2,747 1,784 1,894

-

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

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30

The graph in the overleaf represents trends in Greenheart Piles Production; 2014 saw a fluctuating trend

with peaked production occurring in most months. The decline evident in some particular months coincided

with poor weather conditions. The spike in production particularly in the middle of 2014 is attributed to the

continued high demand from construction projects across the country.

5.4 Splitwood Production

Splitwood refers to Staves (Paling Staves; Vat Staves) and Shingles (non-machine made), all usually

produced from Wallaba species. For 2014, primary Splitwood production totalled 104m3 compared to 243m3

recorded for 2013 recording a decline of 57%. In this category, Paling staves were reduced by 65% from

126.87m3 to 45.59m3, while Shingles declined by 48.84% from 116.16m3 to 59.43m3.

Figure 5: Trends in Splitwood Production

The Graph above illustrates the monthly production level of Splitwood produced in 2014 compared with

2013 level. In terms of production volume by region, Demerara remained the main region for the Splitwood

production.

5.5 Fuelwood Production

There are two products covered under this category namely: Charcoal and Firewood. The figure in the

overleaf displays a visual representation of Fuelwood production for 2014 and a year to date comparison.

Production of Charcoal in 2014 has increased when compared to levels recorded in 2013. An increase

moving from 11,652m3

in 2013 to 12,044m3

in 2014 was recorded. This increase was mainly attributable to

the larger volumes of production in the later part of the year. The majority of Charcoal was produced in

Demerara while small volumes were recorded in Berbice and Essequibo.

Firewood Production in 2014 recorded a decrease of 24.37% moving from 27,061m3 in 2013 to 20,67m3 in

2014.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2014 1.64 3.14 2.24 2.46 3.68 9.55 1.77 40.60 18.03 10.74 1.64 8.53

2013 19.05 4.57 19.31 74.73 26.72 6.53 7.74 9.35 4.38 13.19 11.26 46.19

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

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Figure 6: Monthly Trends in Fuelwood Production

5.6 Plywood Production

Plywood production for 2014 recorded an increase by of 16.28% over 2013, moving from 16,166m3 in 2013

to 18,798 m3 recorded in 2014. The earlier part of 2014 recorded a constant high production quantity.

Figure 7: Trends in Plywood Production

The line Graph above shows Plywood production for the year 2014 and that of the corresponding period of

2013.

5.7 Non-Timber Forest Products

Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP’s) refer to a number of products other than primary and secondary

timber products, derived from forest resources. These include Wattles, Manicole Palm, Mangrove Bark,

Palms and Latex (Balata).

The quantities depicted in the table below sums the total quantities of Manicole Palm, mangrove Bark and

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2014 1,597 1,721 2,707 3,432 2,575 3,146 1,612 2,395 2,993 3,705 3,346 3,283

2013 1,801 7,858 3,069 3,293 3,217 2,293 2,750 2,267 2,663 2,725 3,002 3,789

-

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2014 1,157 2,531 1,932 2,075 1,881 1,279 2,160 1,452 1,338 1,198 1,876 1,157

2013 1,619 934 1,146 681 1,517 1,635 871 1,057 1,878 1,976 2,136 1,619

-

1,000

2,000

3,000

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2014 148,403 31,861 36,917 331,371 237,600 - 543,021 468,252 32,500 404,710 36,500 525,839

2013 191,865 129,264 260,147 110,667 40,678 138,391 59,219 44,950 37,172 263,611 36,961 263,415

- 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000

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Wattles, and does not include product such as Palms and Latex (Balata).

Manicole Palm (Heart of Palm) for 2014 totalled 2,796,974 pieces, representing a significant increase by

77.43% over that of 2013 volume of 1,576,340 pieces.

Wattles output also recorded increase in 2014 by 7.1% over 2013. Production of at the end of December

2014 was recorded as 401,618 pieces, as against its year to date 2013 quantity of 375,146 pieces.

Comparative Production Volume Analysis

The Graph below shows the general trend of forest production by product categories. Over the period

2014, there has been a general increase in all the products except for Primary Lumber and Splitwood. Log

production increased by 33.4%; Roundwood increased by 19.21%, Plywood increased by 16.28 % and

Veneer increased by 19.17%.

Figure 8: Production Volume Analysis

-

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

Logs PrimaryLumber

Roundwood Splitwood

2014 406,433 67,148 24,667 104

2013 304,602 73,673 20,691 243

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6.0 Employment & Domestic Prices

6.1 Employment

Table 5: Employment estimates for the Forestry Sector for 2013 and 2014

Activity 2013 2014 % Change

Logs 12,455 14,889 19.5%

Sawmilling 4,325 5,211 20.5%

Timber Dealership (Lumberyards) 1,421 1,467 3.2%

Plywood and Veneer 290 300 3.4%

Manicole Palm 690 448 (35%)

Other* 2,956 2,496 (15.6%)

Total 22,137 24,811 12%

* Other: includes activities in Furniture, Building Components, Craft, Utensils/Ornaments, Firewood, Charcoal and Conservation.

During 2014, employment within the sector increased in the majority of sub sectors. There was an increase

in State Forest Permissions issued in 2014 to 525 concessions as compared to 507 in 2013, resulting from

the reallocation of previously unutilised allocated areas. Employment levels in the subsectors involved in

Plywood and Veneer manufacturing, and with Sawmilling and Timber Dealership (Lumberyards), also

reflected increases in employment levels. There was an increase in the number of sawmill licences issued

in 2014 over that of 2013. There was a decrease in the employment in the Manicole Palm/Cabbage sub

sector as the main company involved has reduced the number of sub-contractors that have been employed

in sourcing cabbage.

34

34

6.2 Domestic Prices

Table 6: Average Domestic Price for Timber and Plywood 2010-2014

PRODUCT

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014 %

Change over 2013 G$ US$ G$ US$ G$ US$ G$ US$ G$ US$

Logs 19,384

96

33,040

165 36,050 180 46,088 224 47,150 230 3%

Sawnwood * 57,973

289

70,142

350 80,302 401 133,600 668 141,450 690 3%

Dressed 66,184

330

77,138

385 85,046 425 138,057 673 147,600 720 7%

Undressed 50,976

254

69,084

345 75,559 377 108,660 530 118,900 580 9%

Roundwood 42,500

212

47,856

239 52,907 264 79,224 386 83,025 405 5%

Splitwood 42,372

211

43,081

215 44,175 220 50,248 245 51,250 250 2%

Fuelwood 4,760

23

4,984

24 5,431 27 5,533 26 6,560 32 23%

* Row indicates combined average for Dressed and Undressed Sawnwood

** Average 2013 Exchange Rate: G$205 =S$1

Domestic prices increased in 2014 for all forest products. When compared with 2013, prices of Logs in

2014 increased by 3%. The increase in Logs prices follows the increased demand from the local market for

timber used for building and construction.

Undressed Sawnwood recorded the largest increase for the period under review with a 9% increase when

compared to the corresponding period of 2013. Dressed Lumber also increased over 2013, with a 7% higher

price level recorded in 2014.

Roundwood and Splitwood average prices increased marginally over their 2013 level by 5% and 2%

respectively.

35

35

7.0 EXPORTS

7.1 Exports Summary

This Section identifies the various types of forest products exported and presents a detailed analysis of

their contributions to the forest sector. Table 7 compares export performances for 2013 and 2014,

categorised by product and category as applicable. Appendix VI lists volumes and values for individual

products.

Total Timber and Plywood exported over the review period have recorded increases in both volume and

value by 56.18% and 37.55 % respectively. Other Value Added Products and Other Products have also

recorded increases. These altogether contributed to the overall increase in the value of exports by 36.73%

when compared to that of 2013 figures.

Log export recorded the largest increase in volume (138,502m3) when compared to that of 2013 (76,615m3).

This represents an 80.78% increase in volume, and netted a 96.35% increase in revenue earned over the

review period, over the 2013 totals. Sawnwood export declined in volume but recorded a 3.39% increase

in value in 2014 resulting from generally higher prices recorded in 2014; the decline in volume was mainly

attributed to the decline in the Undressed category. Roundwood export, over the review period, recorded

an increase for 2014 with export quantity of 6,871m3 in 2014 as against recorded quantity of 6,380m3 in

2013, representing a 7.70% increase. A detailed analysis indicates that the export of Greenheart Piles,

Wallaba Poles and Post all recorded increases which contributed to the total product category increase

recorded for 2014. Splitwood and Plywood export also reflect volumes and value increases of 14.67% and

23.58%, and 11.97% and 10.38% respectively. Splitwood consist of Paling Staves and Shingles. Over the

review period, Shingles was the only product exported in this category and accounts for the total export

volume for this category. Export of Plywood continues to maintain stable volume and value totals, and

reflected increases of 11.97% and 10.38% respectively over the corresponding 2013 totals for the product.

Fuelwood export increased by 14.70% in volume and 33.11% in value. Other Non-timber Forest Products

recorded a decline when compared to that of 2013.

Export Prices for forest produce have increased considerably overall. Export prices increased in every

category of forest products export in 2014 other than Plywood which saw a small decline of 1.4%. The

product category with the largest price increase was Roundwood which saw a 37% increase in export prices

over 2013.

36

36

Table 7: Forest Sector Export 2014 and Comparative 2013

(Compared to Jan-Dec (2013)

Jan-Dec 2013 Jan-Dec 2014 % Change Over

PRODUCT Volume Value Volume Value Jan-Dec 2013

m3 US$ m3 US$ % Vol % Val

Logs 76,615.79 12,451,749.35

138,502.34

24,448,974.36

80.78

96.35

Sawnwood 22,835.09 19,676,530.60

22,735.51

20,343,895.23

(0.44)

3.39

Dressed 7,757.95 9,172,635.37

8,093.50

9,635,353.53

4.33

5.04

Undressed 15,077.14 10,503,895.23

14,642.02

10,708,541.70

(2.89)

1.95

Roundwood 6,380.28 2,774,713.41

6,871.25

4,102,447.37

7.70

47.85

Splitwood 1,781.22 1,730,696.43

2,042.61

2,138,739.50

14.67

23.58

Plywood 4,714.50 2,369,415.27

5,278.87

2,615,302.92

11.97

10.38

TOTAL TIMBER & PLYWOOD 112,326.88 39,003,105.06 175,430.59 53,649,359.38 56.18 37.55

Furniture (pcs) 250 52,896.32

232.00

34,856.00

(7.20)

(34.11)

Building Comp. (pcs) 3,336.00 177,579.41

3,191.00

116,622.50

(4.35)

(34.33)

Mouldings (m) 27,373.19 79,028.30

36,777.75

103,646.97

34.36

31.15

Pre-Fabricated Houses (pcs) - -

- - - -

OTHER(than Plywood) VALUE ADDED 30,959.19 309,504.03

40,200.75

255,125.47

29.85

(17.57)

Fuelwood (m3) 8,164.33 196,480.92

9,364.48

261,541.78

14.70

33.11

Other – Craft, Ornament (pcs) 10,211.00 99,856.25

3,965.32

9,057.37

(61.17)

(90.93)

Non - Timber Forest Products (pcs) 1,264.00 19,519.50

773.00

10,315.00

(38.84)

(47.16)

OTHER PRODUCTS 8,441.50 315,914.67 14,102.80 280,914.15 67.07

(11.08)

TOTAL EXPORT VALUE 39,628,523.76 54,185,399.00 36.73

37

37

7.1.1 Log Exports

This Section provides a more detailed breakdown for the various aspect of forest product exports in 2014.

Export volumes of Logs for 2014 totalled 138,502m3 with a value of US$24.45M. Compared with the previous

year, this was an increase by 80.78% in volume and 96.35% in export value. The larger increase in export

value is due to the higher demand for Guyana logs especially the increased export of several lesser known

species.

Figure 9: Log Production 2014 and a Comparative 2013

The Line Graph above shows the trend of log export volumes during 2014. July 2014 recorded the peak export

level for the year.

7.1.2 Sawnwood Exports

Sawnwood exports for 2014 totalled 22,735m3 and earned revenue of US$20.34M compared to 22,835m3 in

volume and earned revenue US$19.67M, for the previous year. In terms of export volume, this was a marginal

decrease by 0.4%, and in terms of export value an increase by 3.39% over the 2013 level.

The revenue gains is indicative of the higher prices obtained for Sawnwood exports in 2014. The major export

market for Sawnwood remains in the Latin America/Caribbean region, though exports to Asia/Pacific showed

significant improvement in 2014 when compared to 2013.

The graph below shows the percentage share of various categories of Sawnwood exports and their contribution

to the Product total.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2013 5,161 4,941 3,409 4,872 6,514 5,460 5,092 6,070 2,717 8,674 17,663 6,044

2014 4,165 7,672 8,014 11,525 13,249 9,752 20,229 11,645 11,683 12,675 11,273 16,621

-

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

38

38

Figure 10: Sawnwood Export by Percentage Volume and Value for 2014

Special Category Sawnwood contributed the largest percent share of all Sawnwood lumber exports,

accounting for 63% of volume and 62% in value. This was followed by Class 1 Lumber with share amounting

to 32% of volume and 35% of value.

.

7.1.3 Roundwood Exports

Comparing Roundwood exports for the year 2014 against 2013 figures reveals an increase of 7% in volume

and to a greater extent in value by 47%. Volume of exports moved from 6,380m3 in 2013 to 6,871m3 in 2014.

Export value of Roundwood was US$2.7M in 2013 and US$4.1 in 2014. There was a general increased in

export price level for products in this category in 2014. Within the Roundwood category, there are three sub

products that are exported over the review period, namely Piles, Poles, and Post.

Figure 11: Percentage Share of Roundwood Export for 2014

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 SpecialCategory

%Volume 32% 1% 4% 63%

%Value 35% 0% 2% 62%

0%

50%

100%

PilesPoles

Posts

Piles Poles Posts

Volume 81% 16% 3%

Value 74% 24% 2%

39

39

The Graph above shows the distribution of Roundwood product export for 2014. Piles contributed to the bulk

of export volume and value of Roundwood, while smaller volumes and value came from the Wallaba Poles

and Posts.

7.1.4 Splitwood Exports

Figure 12: Shingles Regional Markets for 2014

Splitwood exports increased both in volume (14.67%) and value (23.58%). In 2014, Shingles were the only

form of Splitwood exported. The majority of Splitwood consumers were found in the Latin America/Caribbean

region and North America.

7.1.5 Plywood Exports

Plywood exports for the year 2014, recorded higher volumes as a result of higher production.

Figure 13: Monthly Trends of Plywood Export 2013 & 2014

Plywood exports for 2014 totalled 5,278m3 in volume and US$2.61M in value, an increase over 2013 by 12%

in volume and 10% in value.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2014 181 390 359 219 285 496 61 394 679 72 1,792 350

2013 330 355 325 240 364 238 689 309 338 505 250 773

-

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

1%Africa

1%Asia/Pacific

67%LAC

31%North

America

40

40

7.1.6 Other Value-Added Exports

Export revenue from Other Value-Added Products (value-added items other than Plywood) for 2014 decreased

by 17% (from US$0.30M to US$0.25) when compared to the previous year. This decrease in value was mostly

as a result of the decrease in the category of Furniture which declined by 7% in volume and 34% in value.

Other products in this category are Doors, Door Components and Other Builder Joinery.

7.2 Exports by Destination

This section examines exports of the timber products: Logs, Sawnwood, Roundwood, Splitwood and Plywood,

by their export destinations in terms of the international regions of Asia/Pacific, Europe, Latin

America/Caribbean, North America and Africa. Summaries, by volume and values, respectively, are presented

in Appendix V and Appendix VI.

7.2.1 Log Exports by Destination

Figure 14: Log Export by Regions for 2014

The Pie chart shows the percentage breakdown of Guyana’s Log

exports by region. As can be seen, volumes amounting to 99%

of all Log exports went to Asia/Pacific region, accounting for 99%

of Log export revenues, while the remainder were exported to

the Latin America/Caribbean region. Individually, China

accounts for 79% of the market share followed by India 18%,

with the remaining being shared between Hong Kong and

Bangladesh.

In terms of volume and value: total logs going to Asia Pacific

amounted to 138,448m3 and valued at US$24.44.

While the Asia/Pacific region remains the principal market of

Guyana’s Logs, another smaller market was found in Latin

America/Caribbean with the only country being Trinidad

&Tobago.

7.2.2 Sawnwood/Lumber Exports by Destination

The Latin America/Caribbean (LAC) region continues to be the main destination for Guyana’s Sawnwood

consuming 8,156m3 at a market value of US$6.93M which accounted for 34% of all Sawnwood exported. The

categories of lumber exported comprised of dressed lumber (8,093m3, US$9.6M) and undressed lumber

99%

1%

Asia/Pacific

Latin America/Caribbean

41

41

(14,642m3, US$10.7M). The year saw a significant shift from the export of Undressed Lumber to Dressed

Lumber going to the Latin America/Caribbean market when compared to previous year.

Figure 15: Sawnwood Export by Regional Destination for 2014

The main destination for Dressed lumber in this region for 2014 was Barbados consuming 5,860m3.

In 2014, Europe surpassed North America to take the position as the second largest destination for Guyana’s

Sawnwood, which was primarily the result of an increased consumption of undressed Lumber. In this region

the single largest market for Guyana’s Lumber was found in United Kingdom (UK), consuming 3,997m3 of

Sawnwood recording an increase of 38% over 2013 figures. Other markets for Guyana’s Sawnwood were

noted as the Netherlands.

7.2.3 Roundwood Exports by Destination

The graph below provides a comparison between 2014 and 2013 for Roundwood exports across the various

regions. The USA being the only market in North America, consumed mainly Piles (Greenheart Piles).

Roundwood volume amounting to 5,019m3 was exported to this region in 2014, and showed an increase of

7% when compared to 2013 exports.

Figure 16: Roundwood Export to Regional Destination for 2014

2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013

Asia/Pacific EuropeLatin

America/CaribbeanNorth America South America

Dressed 933 276 89 202 5,546 5,683 1,525 1,597 -

Undressed 3,577 3,571 6,502 4,484 2,611 3,858 1,936 2,491 15 674

-

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

- 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000

2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013

Europe LatinAmerica/Caribbean

North America South America

Piles 426 842 48 72 5,030 4,697 59

Poles 1,073 517 16 36

Posts 219 216

42

42

In the LAC region, a robust increase in the consumption in Roundwood was recorded, and more specifically,

a notable increase in demand for Wallaba Poles. Overall, Roundwood exports to this region have marked an

increase of 66% over the previous year’s exports. Export of Wallaba Poles to this region moved from 805m3

in 2013 to 1,340m3 in 2014. Increases were also recorded in the consumption of Fencing Post when compared

to 2013 level.

7.2.4 Splitwood Exports by Destination

Shingles amounting to 2,042m3 and valuing US$2.13M was the only form of Splitwood exported in 2014. The

majority, 66% of Shingles exported went to the Latin America/Caribbean region where the leading market for

this product existed in the French West Indies followed by Jamaica, with a few other markets scattered across

the Region. However the single most improved market for Guyana’s Shingles was seen in the United States.

The United States consumption of Guyana’s Shingles was recorded at 637m3 in 2014, increasing more than

116% when compared to the previous year’s consumption level of 294m3.

Figure 177: Splitwood Exports to Regional Destination for 2014

Other markets for Guyana Shingles exist in the Asia/Pacific region, namely India. Compared with the previous

year’s figures, Splitwood exports recorded an overall increase of 15%, most of which resulted from the increase

in the US markets and to a lesser extent in the Latin America/Caribbean region.

7.2.5 Plywood Exports by Destination

The Latin American and the Caribbean market continue to be the leading region for the consumption of

Guyana’s Plywood. Consuming a larger percentage of Plywood this year as opposed to 2013 with similar

greater percentage in terms of value, this is indicative of the higher prices earned per cubic metre Plywood

from this Region. For 2014, the market for Plywood in North America decreased. However, Guyana Plywood

found new market within the Asian Pacific region with export recorded for the review period totalling 1,032m3

and earning export revenue of US$0.49M. The highest average price that was paid per cubic metre of Plywood

was from the Asian Pacific and the Latin American and Caribbean; this was followed by increases from the

North American region where prices earned showed an increase of 5%.

Africa Asia/PacificLatin

America/CaribbeanNorth America

2014 24 16 1,365 638

2013 97 66 1,325 294

- 200 400 600 800

1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600

43

43

Figure 18: Plywood Export to Regional Destination for 2014

7.3 Forestry Sector Export Earnings by Destination

The Asia/Pacific zone continues to be the largest market for Guyana’s forest product with value earned in 2014

amounting to US$28.57M and accounting for 52% of total export earnings. This represents an increase in the

value earned from this region when compared to 2013. For 2014, China was the single largest destination for

Guyana’s timber products which was followed closely by India.

The Latin America/Caribbean Region was the second largest market zone for Guyana’s forest produce, with

earnings from this region totalling USD$11.55M and accounting for 21% of total export value. Within this

Region, Trinidad and Tobago and Barbados continue to be the major destination for Guyana’s forest produce.

Barbados and Trinidad recorded a combined export value of USD$6.2M.

A 46% increase in value from the markets in Europe was recorded for 2014 when compared to 2013. Export

earnings totalling US$5.0M was recorded for the year. The single largest market for Guyana product in this

region was noted in the United Kingdom, which is represented by an increase in valued earned by 58% over

the 2013 level.

Figure 19: Graph showing Total Export Value by Regional Destination for 2014

0%

50%

100%

2,014 2,013 2,014 2,013 2,014 2,013 2,014 2,013 2,014 2,013

Africa Asia/Pacific Latin America/Caribbean North America South America

Volume - 5% 20% 4% 65% 74% 1% 16% 15% -

Value - 5% 19% 4% 65% 74% 1% 16% 15% -

0.04% Africa

53%Asia/Pacific

9% Europe

21% Latin America

16% North

America

1% South America

44

44

Table 8: Comparative Export Value by Regional Destination

Market Destinations

Export Value

(%) 2012

Export Value

(%) 2013

Export Value

(%) 2014

Africa 0.1 0.2 0.04

Asia/Pacific 41 39 53

Europe 8 9 9

Latin America/Caribbean 27 30 21

North America 19 20 16

South America 5 2 1

7.4 Export Prices

Export prices increased in every category of forest products export in 2014 other than Plywood which saw a

small decline of 1.4%. The product category with the largest price increase was Roundwood which saw a 37%

increase in export prices over 2013.

The product category of Logs which takes up the majority of the export volume, saw a 8.6% increase in average

price level in 2014.

Lumber process remained relative stable in 2014, with average export price at 0.76% over that of 2013 for

Dressed Lumber and 4.9% higher in 2014 for Undressed Lumber.

Table 9: Average Export Price for Timber and Plywood 2013-2014

Product

2013 (US$)/M3

2014 (US)/M3

%

Change over 2013

Logs 163 177 8.6%

Sawnwood** 862 895 3.8%

Dressed 1,182 1,191 0.76%

Undressed 697 731 4.9%

Roundwood 435 597 37.2%

Splitwood 971 1,047 7.8%

Fuelwood 24 27 12.5%

Plywood 503 496 (1.4%)

** Row indicates combined average for Dressed and Undressed Sawnwood

*** Splitwood Export prices refer to mill-produced Splitwood, mainly Shingles

45

45

REFERENCES

Bibliography

ECLAC. (2015, March 19). Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. Retrieved

March 19, 2015, from United Nations : http://www.cepal.org/en/pressreleases/press-release-balance

ECLAC. (2014). Preliminary Overview of the Economies of Latin America and the Caribbean 2014.

Santiago, Chile,: (LC/G.2632-P), ECLAC.

IMF. (2015, January 15). World Economic Outlook . World Economic Outlook Update , pp. 1-2.

IMF. (2014, 1 23). World Economic Outlook. Frontier's Strategy Note , pp. 5-6.

IMF. (2015, January 15). World Economic Outlook. World Economic Updates , pp. 1-2.

ITTO. (2015, March 1-15). Tropical Timber Market Report. p. 18.

UNCTAD. (2014). World Investment Report 2014: Investing in the SDGs Action Plan. Switzerland:

UNITED NATION PUBLICATION.

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APPENDICES

Appendix 1: Production Volumes by Counties 2014 ......................................................................... 47

Appendix 2 State Forest Total Production by Station in Demerara 2014 .......................................... 48

Appendix 3: State Forest Total Production by Stations in Berbice 2014 ........................................... 49

Appendix 4: State Forest Total Production by Stations in Essequibo 2014 ....................................... 50

Appendix 5: Analysis of Volume (m3) by Region for 2013 & 2014 ................................................. 51

Appendix 6: Analysis of Value (US$) by Region for 2013 & 2014 .................................................. 52

Appendix 7: Major Timber Species and Uses .................................................................................... 53

47

47

Appendix 1: Production Volumes by Counties 2014

Product Uom Category BER DEM ESS Grand Total

Logs Cubic Metre Special Category Logs 13,303 35,148 52,154 100,604

Class 1 Log 91,283 63,249 30,729 185,261

Class 2 Log 11,120 19,208 35,929 66,257

Class 3 Log 13,474 10991.629 14,484 38,949

Logs Total 129,179 128,597 133,295 391,071

Sawn Lumber Cubic Metre

Special Category Lumber 654.52 3,843 3,932 8,429

Class 1 Lumber 2,958 14,976 4,023 21,957

Class 2 Lumber 492.84 4,149 1,192 5,834

Class 3 Lumber 458.37 2,917 766 4,142

Sawn Lumber Total 4,564 25,884 9,914 40,362

Roundwood Cubic Metre Greenheart Piles 6,817 7,264 1,083 15,164

Kakaralli Piles

482.17

106.64

125.40

714.21

Wallaba Poles

746.22

2,445.40

260.49 3,452

Wallaba Post

135.76

107.73

243.49

Spars

31.09

4.20

35.29

Roundwood Total 8,181 9,955 1,473 19,609

Splitwood Cubic Metre Paling Staves

1.39

0.24

1.63

Shingles

Splitwood Total

1.39

0.24

1.63

Fuelwood Cubic Metre Charcoal

58.33

7,295.02

13.60

7,366.95

Firewood

12,522.59

596.16

13,118.75

Fuelwood Total

58.33

19,817.61

609.76

20,485.70

Wattles Pieces Wattles 2,752 356,577 917 360,246

Wattles Total 2,752 356,577 917 360,246

Manicole Palm Heart Pieces Manicole Palm Heart 2,420,131 2,420,131 Manicole Palm Heart Total 2,420,131 2,420,131

Mangrove Bark Kilogram Mangrove Bark 9,879 9,879

Mangrove Bark Total 9,879 9,879

**Production does not include Production for Amerindian Reservations and Private Properties.

48

48

Appendix 2 State Forest Total Production by Station in Demerara 2014

Product Uom Category Georgetown Ituni Linden Mabura Soesdyke St. Cuthbert's Grand Total

Logs Cubic Metre Special Category Logs 21,784 126.1 957.29 9,409 2,413 34,690

Class 1 Log 24,234 3,339.07 11,518 7,762 12,328 59,181

Class 2 Log 4,938 3,740 83.81 3,668 12,431

Class 3 Log 9,065 519.15 536.19 520.89 10,641

Total Logs 60,021 3465.17 16,735 17,791 18,931 - 116,943

Sawn Lumber Cubic Metre Special Category Lumber 1,552.52 49.21 908.54 1,105.89 3,616.16

Class 1 Lumber 3,979.09 677.08 3,592.47 5,893.12 305.26 14,447.02

Class 2 Lumber 684.28 56.89 467.84 2,719.84 9.79 3,938.64

Class 3 Lumber 1,350.18 17.46 270.15 1,153.26 17.20 2,808.25

Sawn Lumber Total 7,566.07 800.64 5,239.00 10,872.11 332.25 24,810.07

Roundwood Cubic Metre Greenheart Piles 1,755.97 455.18 1,600.62 76.09 3,978.28 7,866.14

Kakaralli Piles 138.98 138.98

Wallaba Poles 581.94 113.12 2,063.17 2,758.23

Wallaba Post 107.73 107.73

Spars 2.89 26.37 29.26

Roundwood Total 2,449 455.18 1,713.74 76.09 6,206.80 10,900.33

Splitwood Cubic Metre Paling Staves 7 7

Splitwood Total 7 - - - - 7

Fuelwood Cubic Metre Charcoal 973.22 380.69 4,870.83 6,224.73

Firewood 271.82 11,801.37 12,073.19

Fuelwood Total 1,245.04 380.69 16,672.20 18,297.92

Wattles Pieces Wattles 11,250 330,194 341,444

Wattles Total 11,250 - - - 330,194 341,444

Manicole Palm Heart Pieces Manicole Palm

Manicole Palm Heart Total

49

49

Appendix 3: State Forest Total Production by Stations in Berbice 2014

Product Uom Category Bamboo Landing

Canje Goat Landing

Haimorakabra Hururu Kwakwani Orealla Scatter Rock

Springlands Unamco Total

Logs Cubic Metre

Special Category Logs 3,292 670 357 6,634 1 25 267.36 952 12,199

Class 1 Log 1,114 17,132 830 5,334 31 49,283 79 1,318 9,094 1,228 85,444

Class 2 Log 11.79 1,488.22 68.08 296.83 2,667.94 147.98 618.95 3,907 24 9,231

Class 3 Log 29.31 1,481.69 1,937.56 4,767.11 40.2 71.6 3,819 127 12,273

Total Logs 4,447 20,772 898 7,926 31 63,353 269 2,034 17,088 2,330 119,147

Sawn Lumber

Cubic Metre

Special Category Lumber 180.42 485.17 20.75 686.34

Class 1 Lumber 1,545.51 906.88 328.21 2,781

Class 2 Lumber 226.57 99.88 118.99 445.44

Class 3 Lumber 248.53 222.78 6.14 477.45

Total Logs 2,201.03 1,714.71 474.09 4,390

Roundwood Cubic Metre Greenheart Piles 765.75 77.12 4,905.96 5,749

Kakaralli Piles 395.54 395.54

Wallaba Poles 289.91 289.91

Wallaba Post 92.93 42.83 135.76

Roundwood Total 765.75 77.12 5684.35 42.83 6,570

Splitwood Cubic Metre Paling Staves 1.39 1.39

Splitwood Total 1.39 1.39

Fuelwood Kilogram Charcoal 467.30 467.30

Cubic Metre Firewood

Fuelwood Total 467.30 467.30

Wattles Pieces Wattles 4,512 4,512

Wattles Total 4,512 4,512

50

50

Appendix 4: State Forest Total Production by Stations in Essequibo 2014

Product Category Anarika Annai Arapiaco Bartica Buckhall Capoey Charity Iteballi Kwebanna Lethem Mabaruma Manaka Moruca Parika Port

Kaituma Supenaam Winiperu Grand Total

Logs Special Category Logs 2,950 8.89 735 21,004 75.02 4,478 420 587 4,233 663.0893 3,168 7,094 45,416

Class 1 Log 597.52 1,103 16,593 1430.45 1134.283 750.49 97.43 4,111 655.5653 1,862 1,246 29,580

Class 2 Log 639.47 1,120.05 23,617 8 2183.69 857.34 2,693 8,611 901 40,630

Class 3 Log 17.33 218.55 9,915 169.2 600.5905 33 107.87 2,272 400.3592 817.63 113.29 14,664

Logs Total 4,205 8.89 3,177 71,129 8 3,858.36 7,070 1,203 793 13,308 10,330 6,748 8,453 130,290

Sawn Lumber Special Category Lumber 37.83 51.17 3.57 192.65 15.8 160.8 0.28 50.66 193.79 1,828 26.86 1,238 3,800

Class 1 Lumber 218.63 217.35 282.22 4.89 785 94.51 109.34 69.18 337 5.258 808 44.21 787 3,762

Class 2 Lumber 24.57 8.94 82.46 14.3 14.46 3.85 1.72 11 851.04 6.68 274.73 1,294

Class 3 Lumber 293.8 27.13 39.19 5.16 30.64 79.1 28 77.06 32.39 124.16 736

Sawn Lumber Total 37.83 588.17 256.99 596.52 40.15 991 98.64 160 150 569 5.258 3,564 110.14 2,424 9,592

Roundwood Greenheart Piles 66.82 401.85 0 710.71 0 1,179

Kakaralli Piles 0.55 132.81 133.37

Wallaba Poles 27.47 203.21 230.68

Wallaba Post

Spars

Roundwood Total 66.82 27.47 203.21 402.4 843.53 1,543

Splitwood Paling Staves 0.236 0.236

Shingles

Splitwood Total 0.236 0.236

Fuelwood Charcoal 226.51 226.51

Firewood 629 629

Fuelwood Total 226.5 629 855

Wattles Wattles 553 907 1,460

Wattles Total 553 907 1,460

Manicole Palm Heart Total

Mangrove Bark Mangrove Bark 9,879 9,879

Mangrove Bark Total 9,879 9,879

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Appendix 5: Analysis of Volume (m3) by Region for 2013 & 2014

Product Region 2013 2014

Logs Logs Asia/Pacific 76,038 138,449

Latin America/Caribbean 577 54

Logs Total 76,616 138,503

Sawnwood Dressed Lumber Asia/Pacific 276 933

Europe 202 89

Latin America/Caribbean 5,683 5,546

North America 1,597 1,525

Undressed Lumber Asia/Pacific 3,571 3,577

Europe 4,484 6,502

Latin America/Caribbean 3,858 2,611

North America 2,491 1,936

South America 674 15

Sawnwood Total 22,835 22,736

Piles Europe 842 426

Latin America/Caribbean 72 48

North America 4,697 5,030

South America - 59

Poles Latin America/Caribbean 517 1,073

North America 16

South America 36

Posts Latin America/Caribbean 216 219

Roundwood Total 6,380 6,871

Splitwood Shingles Africa 97 24

Latin America/Caribbean 1,325 1,365

North America 294 638

Asia/Pacific 66 16

Splitwood Total 1,781 2,043

Plywood Plywood Asia/Pacific - 1,033

Latin America/Caribbean 3,167 3,406

South America 977 802

North America 571 38

Plywood Total 4,715 5,279

Grand Total 112,327 175,432

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Appendix 6: Analysis of Value (US$) by Region for 2013 & 2014

Product Region 2013 2014

Logs Logs Asia/Pacific 12,381,726 24,440,821

Latin America/Caribbean 70,023 8,153

Logs Total 12,451,750 24,448,974

Sawnwood Dressed Lumber Asia/Pacific 376,464 920,090

Europe 172,114 78,883

Latin America/Caribbean 5,343,790 5,217,705

North America 3,280,267 3,418,676

Undressed Lumber Asia/Pacific 2,827,489 2,694,618

Europe 2,879,480 4,701,351

Latin America/Caribbean 2,410,736 1,717,209

North America 2,043,115 1,583,843

South America 343,075 11,520

Sawnwood Total 19,676,531 20,343,895

Piles Europe 355,044 225,330

Latin America/Caribbean 32,751 20,841

North America 1,880,472 2,772,353

South America - 35,580

Poles Latin America/Caribbean 404,407 970,852

North America 5,471 13,229

Posts Latin America/Caribbean 96,569 64,263

Roundwood Total 2,774,713 4,102,447

Splitwood Shingles Africa 91,850 24,200

Latin America/Caribbean 1,288,486 1,339,835

North America 285,460 757,335

Asia/Pacific 64,900 17,370

Splitwood Total 1,730,696 2,138,740

Plywood Plywood Asia/Pacific - 499,295

Latin America/Caribbean 1,605,149 1,706,099

South America 272,069 393,909

North America 492,198 16,000

Plywood Total 2,369,415 2,615,303

Grand Total 39,003,106 53,649,359

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Appendix 7: Major Timber Species and Uses

Classification Species

(Local Names)

Species

(Scientific Names) Major Uses

Special

Category

Greenheart Chlorocardium

rodiei

Boat building, marine work, piling, general heavy construction,

flooring, heavy furniture, turnery and finishing rods.

Purpleheart Peltogyne venosa

Building construction, flooring, bridging, boat building – keels,

transoms, canoes, coach building, furniture, turnery, inlay, tool

handles, sticks, bows, and veneer.

Brown

Silverballi Licaria cannella

Boat building, canoes, furniture, interior work, and general

carpentry.

Red Cedar Cedrela odorata Furniture, cabinet work, panelling, boats, coffins and cigar boxes.

Letterwood Brosimum guianense Inlay, turnery, sticks, tool handles and bows for archery.

Bulletwood Manilkara bidentata General heavy construction, house framing, sleepers, mill rollers,

wheel spokes, fencing, axe and tool handles, turnery.

Class 1

Crabwood Carapa guianensis General construction, interior work, carpentry, furniture, and

turnery, plywood and veneer.

Yellow

Silverballi Aniba hypoglauca

Boat planking, canoes, furniture, cabinet work, and interior

construction.

Itikiboraballi Swartzia

xanthopetala

Inlay turnery, cabinet work, walking sticks, bag-pipes and tool

handles.

Locust Hymenaea courbaril Ship-building, general construction, carriage buildings, tool

handles, furniture and croquet mallets.

Tatabu Diplotropis

purpurea

Boat-building, house framing, and flooring, furniture and turnery,

interior work, carriage-building, tool handles, and sleepers.

Determa Ocotea rubra Boat and carriage building, masts, furniture, carving, interior

work, and general carpentry.

Wamara Eperua grandiflora Furniture, cabinet work, parquet flooring, turnery, inlay, tool

handles, walking sticks, and bows for archery.

Kabukalli Goupia glabra

Heavy construction, house framing, flooring, decking, punt

bottoms, canoes, railway sleepers, paving blocks, furniture and

decorative plywood.

Shibadan Aspidosperma

album Fuel and Plywood.

Tauroniro Humiria balsamifera Heavy construction, piling, bridges, house framing, flooring,

wheelwright work, furniture, sleepers, counters, work bench tops.

Manniballi Moronobea

coccinea

Heavy construction house sills, machinery frames, flooring,

furniture and sheet piling.

Washiba Tabebuia sp. Bridges, house framing, sleepers, tool handles, rollers’ walking

sticks, and fishing rods.

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Hakia Tabebuia

serratifolia

Bridges, house framing, sleepers, tool handles, rollers’ walking

sticks, and fishing rods.

Dalli Virola spp. Match boxes, coffins, inside boarding, carpentry, packing cases,

plywood, slack cooperage chip board and concrete shuttering.

Suya Pouteria speciosa Interior boarding, carpentry, and plywood.

Ulu Trattinickia

demerarae Inside boarding, cupboard linings, canoes and plywood.

Simarupa Quassia simarouba Interior construction, furniture, shelves, drawer linings, shoe

heels, plywood, paper pulp, toys.

Aromata Clathrotropis

branchypetala Furniture, house framing, boat building, flooring and sleepers.

Mora Mora excelsa

Building construction especially flooring, framing and siding,

boat building especially ribs, stems, knees, transoms, and

decking, sleepers, furniture, turnery, wagon building;

wheelwright-work, naves and felloes, croquet mallets.

Morabukea Mora gonggrijpii Heavy construction, sleepers, flooring and siding, heavy

furniture, boat timbers, truck bodies.

Hububalli Loxopterygium

sagotii Panelling, furniture and cabinet work.

Class 2

Baromalli Catostemma

commune Dry cooperage, interior work, paper pulp, and plywood.

Dukalli Parahancornia

fasciculata

Carpentry, interior work, furniture, door and window stock,

concrete shuttering, match boxes and plywood.

Kereti

Silverballi Lauraceae spp Shuttering, temporary buildings, box making, and plywood.

Kurahara Calophyllum

lucidum Boat planking, canoes, punt mast and furniture.

Wabaima Licaria cannella Heavy construction, flooring, furniture, boat building (planking),

bridge decking, musical instruments.

Karohoro Schefflera

decaphylla Match splints, drums, canoes, interior construction and plywood.

Baradan Ocotea tomentella Canoes, concrete shuttering and plywood.

Ubudi Anarcadium

giganteum Interior work and plywood.

Kirikua Iryanthera

macrophylla

Oars, interior construction, utility plywood, slack cooperage and

concrete shuttering.

Kurokai Protium decandrum Masts, spars, house framing and plywood.

Maporokan Inga alba Interior work, fuel and cheap plywood.

Monkey Pot Lecythis zabucajo General construction, furniture, turnery and wheel spokes.

Manni Symphonia

globulifera

Utility wood, paper, pulp, plywood, cooperage, railway sleepers,

sheet piling, packing cases, general carpentry, flooring, furniture

and fuel.

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Pakuri Platonia insignis Piling, boat building, furniture, turnery, house framing, flooring,

panelling, tight cooperage and general carpentry.

Yaruru (Yarula) Aspidosperma

excelsum

Paddles, axe and tool handles, walking sticks, fishing rods and

fuel.

Muneridian Siparuna spp.

Wallaba Eperua falcata

Eperua grandiflora

Pillar trees, roundwood framing, fence posts, transmission poles,

sleepers, paling and vat staves, shingles, charcoal, particle board

and firewood.

Class 3

Burada Parinari campestris Heavy construction, flooring.

Duka Tapirira marchandi Interior construction, furniture, and plywood.

Dukuria Sacoglottis

cydonioides Heavy construction.

Fukadi Terminalia

amazonia

House framing, framing, constructional work, railway sleepers

and plywood.

Inyak Antonia ovata Interior work, furniture and boxes.

Limonaballi Chrysophyllum

pomiferum Heavy construction and fuel.

Suradan Hyeronima

alchorneoides

Boat-framing, railway sleepers, heavy construction, truck

building, wheel spokes, furniture, plywood and gun stocks.

White Cedar Tabebuia insignis Paddles, shovel handles, and interior work, packing cases and

cheap furniture.

Futui Jacaranda copaia Coffins, matches, concrete shuttering and interior construction.

Halchiballi Pera

schomburgkiana Fuel and utility plywood.

Haiariballi Alexa imperatricis Interior construction, packing cases and plywood.

Huruasa Abarema jupunba Fuel and plywood.

Iteballi Vochysia

schomburgkii Carpentry and furniture.

Kakaralli Eschweilera alata Piling, house framing, mine lagging, posts and sleepers.

Kauta Licania laxiflora Light gauge railway sleepers, roof shingles, mine timbering, fuel

and charcoal.

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Contact Details

Guyana Forestry Commission

1 Water Street, Kingston, Georgetown, GUYANA, South America

Tel: + (592) 226-7271/4; Fax: + (592) 226-8956

Website: www.forestry.gov.gy