Microsoft PowerPoint - LyuFood consumption and dietary intakes for a family study in
Taipei, Taiwan National Taiwan Normal University
Department of Human Development and Family Studies
Li-Ching Lyu, MPH, PhD
Study background Taiwan has widened the gap between poor and rich. No connection between health and welfare services in Taiwan. A pilot study for exploring diet and nutrition status for low-income and average income families in Taipei.
Study method Recruitment
Low-income families (n=30) by social workers Average families (n=210) by school teachers Agreed to participate: 10-15%, total 882 subjects From Nov.2000 to July 2002
Home visits 1-3 times per family by trained interviewers First visit to the low-income home accompanied by a social worker
Questionnaire development Household food consumption and family lifestyle questionnaire Individual diet and health questionnaire
For subjects over 12 years old 24-hour recall and FFQ
Children diet and health questionnaire For subjects between 6 to 12 years old 24-hour recall with assistance
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Socioeconomic status
Low-income v.s. average families Three SES strata: low, medium and high SES based on parents’ education and employment levels Income status: not a reliable indicator in Taiwan
Family food budget
* p<0.05
Low-income v.s. average families
Average (n=209)
Low-income (n=30)
Comparisons for three SES levels
59%61%50%Fish 73%65%38%Fruit* 52%24%14%Dairy*
Daily food item 2.23.03.4Food purchase* 1.67.545.1Food insecurity*
High SES (n=44)
Medium SES (n=113)
Low SES (n=69)
24 25 24
67 70 69
167 169 170
45 44 46
low SES (n=49) medium SES (n=82) high SES (n=32)
23 22 23
58 53 57
159 158 159
42 42 42
low SES (n=68) medium SES (n=108) high SES (n=41)
BMIWeight (kg)
Height (cm)
Age (yr)
20 20 19
48 49 43
156 155 152
14 13 12
low SES (n=60) medium SES (n=98) high SES (n=51)
19 19 19
45 46 41
152 154 148
14 14 13
low SES (n=75) medium SES (n=124) high SES (n=50)
BMIWeight (kg)
Height (cm)
Age (yr)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
Between mothers and daughters: alcohol, dietary fiber, cholesterol, vitamin A,
vitamin B1, vitamin B2, calcium Between mothers and sons:
protein, carbohydrate, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, iron
Associations of nutrient densities
vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, calcium, iron
Between fathers and sons: vitamin E, vitamin B1, calcium, iron
Conclusion
Food security is an issue in families with lower SES in Taipei. Dairy, fruit and fish groups are price- sensitive in family food preparation in Taipei. Alcohol intake is higher for parents and sons in low-income families.
Conclusion Family members with higher SES had higher dietary fiber, vitamin C, vitamin A and calcium intakes, with a cascading pattern by SES. Social disadvantages in food consumption such as fruit, dairy and fish groups, and alcohol consumption need to be of concern to educators.