fms, CESC & Green Leap KTHcemusstudent.se/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/JosefinWangel.CEMU… · Phonebloks Aim: to decrease lifecycle impacts from mobile phones. Solution: to develop

Introduction to Sustainable

Development and Design

Josefin Wangel fms, CESC

& Green Leap KTH

Part 1: Sustainable Development

What is sustainable development?

A concept used to point out a desired societal development.



It is a normative concept, which can be defined, interpreted

and put to practice in many different ways.



Many of the differences concern how sustainable development

should be achieved.

Defining sustainable development

• Sustainable development is a normative and socially constructed concept, and is fundamentally about the future.

Sustainable development

“Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” It contains within it two key concepts: • the concept of 'needs', in particular the essential needs of the

world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and

• the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs.”

Brundtland Report (1987) Our Common Future: Report of the World Commission on Environment http://www.un-documents.net/wced-ocf.htm

http://www.un-documents.net/wced-ocf.htm

Sustainable development: extended version

“Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts: • the concept of 'needs', in particular the essential needs of the

world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and

• the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs.”

Brundtland Report (1987) Our Common Future: Report of the World Commission on Environment http://www.un-documents.net/wced-ocf.htm

http://www.un-documents.net/wced-ocf.htm

Meadows et al. 1972 ”Limits to Growth”

Limits to Growth

Planetary boundaries

Rockström et al.

Planetary boundaries

• Climate change • Depletion of ozone in the stratosphere • Ocean acidification • Nitrogen cycle and phosphorus cycle • Global freshwater use • Changes in land use • Biodiversity loss • Atmospheric aerosol loading • Chemical pollution

The Natural Step four principles:

Source: www.thenaturalstep.org



• Sustainable development is about limitations.


Ecological sustainability

Economic sustainability

Social sustainability

The Venn-diagram model








The Venn-diagram model The wedding cake model


Further definition is done through specifying what is in the different dimensions





Ecological sustainability concern the bio-geo-chemical systems of Earth. This includes:

– Water (pollutants, ground water levels, salinity, temperature,

acidification, invasive species) – Air (pollutants, particles, ozone layer, climate system (global and local,

noise, light) – Land (pollutants, erosion, land use) – Biodiversity (species and habitats, invasive species, GMO) – Ecosystem services (f.ex. pollination, photosynthesis, water

purification, climate regulation, decomposition) – Resources (minerals, metals, etc.)


Social sustainability addresses humans and humanity from a social and societal perspective. Some include economic aspects in social sustainability.

– Human rights (justice, freedom, equality, safety) – Cultural heritage (buildings, other artefacts, languages, traditions) – Public institutions (government/governance, juridical systems,

systems for health, welfare and education) – Civil society (organizations, associations, networks) – Knowledge and skills (formal and informal) – Physical structures (buildings, infrastructures)


• How the economic sustainability is interpreted depends on what model of sustainable development is used.

• In weak sustainability, different types of capitals are seen as exchangeable.

• In strong sustainability, different types of capitals are not seen as exchangeable. Here economic sustainability is defined as economical activities that take place within the limitations of ecological and social sustainability, and that does not degrade these .


• No matter if a weak or strong sustainability approach is used, economic sustainability cannot be equated to economic growth.

• Economic sustainability includes economy of societies, companies and individuals.

• Economic sustainability is a mean and not a goal per se, and is thus sometimes included in social sustainability.








The Venn-diagram model The wedding cake model



• Sustainable development is about limitations. • Sustainable development includes many interrelated

subsystems, making it an issue of complexity.

Synergies and conflicts

What synergies, conflicts and emergent problems can occur between or within dimensions?







Environmental justice

The map over childrens’ exposure to NO2 in Malmö, shows a clear connection between socioeconomical status (SES) and air quality.




subsystems, making it an issue of complexity. • Sustainable development is about synergies and

conflicts.

Part 2: Design and Sustainable

Development

Design and sustainable development

Design is about “how things ought to be” (Simon, 1969)


Design is about “how things ought to be” (Simon, 1969) This means that also design is a normative process, but does it mean that design is always good?


“There are professions more harmful than industrial design, but only a very few” (Papanek, 1997, p. IX)

Mini design challenge

In 2 – 3 minutes, sketch an example of “evil design”, that you think does more harm than good.





Butterfly mines. From the exhibition “Evil design”, Röhsska museum, Gothenburg www.rohsska.se

http://www.rohsska.se/


In 2 – 3 minutes, sketch an example of “evil design”, that you think does more harm than good..

From the exhibition “Evil design”, Röhsska museum, Gothenburg www.rohsska.se and British Museum exhibition “Living and Dying” www.brittishmuseum.org

http://www.rohsska.se/

http://www.brittishmuseum.org/


“In this age of mass production when everything must be planned and designed, design has become the most powerful tool with which man shapes his tools and environments (and, by extension, society and himself). This demands high social and moral responsibility from the designer.” (Papanek, 1997, p. IX) What, then is good design?


• Design as a tool to improve existing things or develop new things.

design approaches (selection)

• Industrial design • Service design • Interaction design • Product-Service Systems design • Design for social innovation



“Customer demand”



“remove the constraints from the commercial sector” (Auger, 2009)



• Industrial design • Service design • Interaction design • Product-Service Systems design • Design for social innovation • Critical design • Design fictions • Speculative design

Design activism Design as research

Design as art

“remove the constraints from the commercial sector” (Auger, 2013)




• Design as a tool to explore and challenge norms, values and expectations

Improve or develop


From: Nathan Shedroff (2009) Design is the problem: The Future of Design Must be Sustainable, Rosenfelt media, Brooklyn, NYC, U.S.

Improve or develop

• Reduce – Usability – Dematerialization – Substitution – Localization

• Reuse – Design for durability – Design for reuse

• Recycle – Design for disassembly – Close the loop

Selected strategies from Nathan Shedroff (2009) Design is the problem: The Future of Design Must be Sustainable, Rosenfelt media, Brooklyn, NYC, U.S.

Improve or develop: some examples

CelluNova

Aim: to decrease the impact of fashion consumption. Solution: to develop more sustainable textile materials.

The Paper Province/Mistra Future Fashion

The Clothing Library

Aim: to decrease the impact of fashion consumption Solution: provide an opportunity for collaborative consumption

www.lanegarderoben.se Photo: DN

http://www.lanegarderoben.se/

Phonebloks

Aim: to decrease lifecycle impacts from mobile phones. Solution: to develop a mobile phone with exchangeable parts that is also possible to customize.

www.phonebloks.com

Renewable energy for all

Aim: To increase the dissemination of solar energy solutions. Solution: Repacking solar energy for the mass market through multiple product and service system solutions. “Garden shed with solar panels.”

Green Leap, KTH in cooperation with No Picnic Design. Illustration: No Picnic Design Learn more: http://www.kth.se/en/aktuellt/nyheter/darfor-ska-du-producera-din-egen-el-1.408852

http://www.kth.se/en/aktuellt/nyheter/darfor-ska-du-producera-din-egen-el-1.408852

















Renewable energy for all

Aim: To increase the dissemination of solar energy solutions. Solution: Repacking solar energy for the mass market through multiple product and service system solutions. “The All-in-One Starter”

Green Leap, KTH in cooperation with No Picnic Design. Illustration: No Picnic Design Learn more: http://www.kth.se/en/aktuellt/nyheter/darfor-ska-du-producera-din-egen-el-1.408852


















Power Aware Chord

Aim: make householders aware of energy use. Solution: to visualize energy use through the chord.

Anton Gustavsson and Magnus Gyllenswärd, Interactive Institute. More examples at www.tii.se/groups/energydesign

http://www.tii.se/groups/energydesign

Energy AWARE Clock

Aim: help householders understand their energy use patterns. Solution: to communicate energy use in a recognizable and understandable way

Loove Broms and Karin Ehrnberger, Interactive Institute. More examples at www.tii.se/groups/energydesign

http://www.tii.se/groups/energydesign

PeePoo

Aim: provide low-cost sanitation solutions to the global poor. Solution: a single-use, self-sanitizing, fully biodegradable toilet

www.peepoople.com

http://www.peepoople.com/


In 2 – 3 minutes, sketch a solution that could decrease the environmental impact of food. • Reduce • Reuse • Recycle

Explore or challenge

• Critical design • Design fictions • Speculative design

“all remove the constraints from the commercial sector that define normative design processes; use models and prototypes at the heart of the enquiry; and use fiction to present alternative products, systems or worlds” (Auger, 2013)

James Auger (2013): Speculative design: crafting the speculation, Digital Creativity, 24:1, 11-35 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14626268.2013.767276

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14626268.2013.767276

Explore or challenge

• Explore and challenge norms through formulating relevant “what if” questions, and representing them as “as if”.

Explore or challenge: some examples

The Andro Chair

Aim: to problematize health care needs from a gender perspective. Result: The Andro Chair

Börjesson, E., Ehrnberger, K., Hertz, A-C., Sundbom, C. Learn more at http://androstolen.se (in Swedish)

http://androstolen.se/

Dolphia and Mega Hurricane

Aim: to explore and challenge material expressions of gender stereotypes. Result: Gender bending drill and mixer.

Karin Ehrnberger

Dolphia and Mega Hurricane

Karin Ehrnberger

Dolphia, named after the caring and cute dolphin have "non-threatening" organic forms and simple interface/settings

Mega Hurricane has a "sporty" display with a rev counter and a "trigger" button.

Prototyping the Future

Aim: to normalize sustainable lifestyles. Result: an interactive experience of life in a sustainable future.

Josefin Wangel & Sara Ilstedt, Green Leap KTH in co-operation with Veryday (interaction design and service design) and Sticky Beat (web developer). To be launched in April 2014.







Summing up

Sustainable development

• Sustainable development is a normative and socially constructed concept.


subsystems, making it an issue of complexity. • Sustainable development is about synergies and conflicts. • Sustainable development is about the future.



• Design as a tool to explore and challenge norms, values and expectations

Improve or develop

• Reduce – Usability – Dematerialization – Substitution – Localization

• Reuse – Design for durability – Design for reuse

• Recycle – Design for disassembly – Close the loop

Selected strategies from Nathan Shedroff (2009) Design is the problem: The Future of Design Must be Sustainable, Rosenfelt media, Brooklyn, NYC, U.S.

Smart Living Challenge

Open, international innovation competition for products, services and solutions that will make it easier for individuals to live smarter and more sustainable lives in urban environments. The competition is divided into three categories: Eat, Live and Move. Deadline: June 30th 2014

http://2014.smartlivingchallenge.com/ct/s.bix?c=62895A3C-7664-457A-A685-A6C02981617B

Thanks!

Contact & more info: [email protected]

www.greenleap.kth.se

www.cesc.kth.se www.kth.se/abe/fms

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.greenleap.kth.se/

http://www.cesc.kth.se/

http://www.kth.se/abe/fms

Documents

fms, CESC & Green Leap KTHcemusstudent.se/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/JosefinWangel.CEMU… · Phonebloks Aim: to decrease lifecycle impacts from mobile phones. Solution: to develop