HD Radio (I.B.O.C.) Status and Implementation

Bob GroomeDomestic Sales Manager

Jampro Antennas / RF Systems, Inc.

Jampro HD Radio Up Dated &

Implementation Costs

A Quick Review: What is HD Radio

iBiquity HD Radio uses IBOC (In-Band On-Channel) as a method of broadcasting digital radio signals on the same FM channel, and at the same time as the conventional analog signal.

HD uses OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Multiplex) for FM and HD to occupy the same spectral mask (same spot on the FM dial)

Reviewing The FM HD Radio Hybrid ModeThe hybrid mode provides 97kbps data throughput, which is allocated as 96kbps for audio, and 1kbps for ancillary data.The Analog FM signal may be stereo or mono, and may include SCA and RDS signals.The hybrid mode has been approved for use in the US provides near CD quality.The injected level of the IBOC signal is 1/100th

(-20dB) the level of the FM signal.

Reviewing The Extended Hybrid Mode

The Extended Hybrid Mode adds additional sidebands closer to the analog signal. The analog signal is operated with reduced bandwidth. The Extended Hybrid Mode provides 147kbps of data throughput. The injected level of the HD signal is still 1/100th

(-20dB) the level of the FM signal.

Reviewing The Future Full DigitalThe Full Digital Mode means that the analog FM signal is turned off. This is done when the number of HD receivers in use justifies the change.The Full Digital Mode allows 277kbps of data throughput. The total average power of the full digital mode is 10dB below the current FM analog value – yet it provides the same coverage as FM today.

A Proposed change:

Reviewing The Advantages of HD RadioMaintains Market Position

Coverage AreaFrequency (Identity) does not changeAM & FM SystemsNo new competition

No significant regulatory impactSame frequencySame Power - CoverageSame Type Antenna

Single Frequency NetworkingIn use Now – Short Implementation Time

Who’s Working On HD Radio Implementation?

HD Radio Current Status: The NRSC field test data submitted to the FCC recommended that

IBOC be adopted. The report may be viewed at: www.nab.org/SciTech/nrsc.asp

FCC Adopted HD IBOC Broadcasting for FM October 10, 2002

FCC approved common antenna, all elements driven by both analog and digital signals March 20, 2003

FCC approved use of separate antennas March 17, 2004

Approximately 1,000+ stations are now HD Radio in the USA. HD Is has also expanded to other countries

Home and Auto Receivers are available from stock

HD Radio Current Status: FM / ITUITU endorsed HD Radio (IBOC) and has circulated the recommendation to 189 member countries

FCC is accepting simplified HD broadcast applications for the USA

Now implemented: PAD (Program Audio Data – info, text stream)SPS-1 & SPS-2 (Secondary Program Systems)MPS (Main Program Source)

The Data Tunneling is being used for Navigation AidsData also is used for Microsoft Web Watches

What’s New – A Sense of Urgency

Satellite Radio: XM and SiriusXM continues to add users now totals 6.9 million.Sirius is likewise gaining and is about 4 million subscribersStreaming from non-broadcast web sites

Users cite audio qualityAny change to digital must be accompanied by a re-evaluation of formats, and of audio processing methods.HD Radio eliminates multi-path distortion, chronic in metro areas

Transmitter Types For FM HD Radio

(2) Common Amplification - Low Level CombinedIBOC signal is created and mixed at low level with the analog FM in a “combo” transmitter. Power costs are a concern.Probably use existing antenna if meets HD Specs.

(1) Separate Amplification - High or Medium Level CombinedAnalog and digital signals created with independent transmitters. Most will typically will use existing RF equipmentfor analog. Add new HD Only transmitter and a 10 dB HD injector (combiner). The combined signal is fed to the common antenna. Probably use existing antenna, if meets HD Specs.

(3) Dual Input, Space Combined AntennasLike (1) uses separate Analog and HD Transmitters. But no hybrid is needed. Isolation is an issue and a Circulator will probably be needed. Concern about tower loading.

Antenna Systems for FM HD Broadcast

Single Input: Use with low level, medium level or high level transmitting equipment. Recall that high level combining uses the RCHA-X2X-HD 10 dB injector and medium level uses the RCWL Jampro Switchless Combiner.

Dual Input: Based on the wide band antennas developed by Jampro for Bonneville in the 1970’s: This style antenna allows the driving of all antenna elements with both analog and digitalRF. No HD injector is required; no lossy reject load is need.

Separate antennas: FCC MM#99-325 allows stations to utilized this approach of analog on one antenna and digital RF on the other. Concerns: both patterns being similar.

Shared Aperture antennas:FCC MM # 99-325 allows stations to utilize this approach. Concerns about the vertical pattern tracking.

Evaluating the FM HD Radio Implementations

Example: 50 kW ERP at 500 feet Above Ground With station currently using a 6 bays CP analog antenna

System Costing:

High Level Combined $145,845 to $232,865

Details of Costing:Add New HD injector HD Transmitter and Reject LoadRe-use existing 20 -25 kW Analog TransmitterRe-use 6 bay antenna and 500 ft. 3” coax systemAnalog Transmitter AC to RF efficiency = 65%, For 18 kW TPO; 26.8 kW AC needed. Plus the HD transmitter AC efficiency of 30%; for 1.9 kW TPO 6.4 kW AC needed gives a total of 33.2 kW AC power for bothAt 8 cents / kW hour is $2.66 / hour or $23,330 / yearAt 14 cents/kW hour is $4.65 /hour, $40,734 / year 5 years total cost is $116,650 to $203,670HD only transmitter and injector system of $29,195Total cost is $145,845 to $232,865Air Conditioning, AC panel and other AC power costs not included

HD via High Level Combining

System Costing:

Low Level Combined $248,250 to $336,648

Details of Costing: New Low Level Combined, High Power TransmitterReuse present 6 bay antenna and 500 ft coax systemAt 55% AC transmitter efficiency, you get a total of 33.7 kW AC input powerAt 8 cents / kW hour is $2.70 / hour or $23,650 / yearAt 14 cents/kW hour is $4.72 / hour or $41,329 / year5 years total is $118,250 to $206,648Add HD/Analog transmitter of $130,000Total $248,250 to $336,648Air Conditioning, AC panel and other AC power costs not included

HD via Low Level Combining

System Costing:

Space Combined $149,869 to $233,562

Details of Costing: New 0.5 kW HD Transmitter, 3 Bay antenna and 7/8” coax systemRe-use analog 20-25 kW transmitter and 500 ft. 3” Coax systemAt 65% AC efficiency, 28 kW AC input AnalogAt 30% AC efficiency, 4.2 kW AC input HDAt 8 cents / kW hour is $2.59 / hour or $22,769 / yearAt 14 cents/kW hour is $4.51 /hour or $39,507, / year5 years total is $113,845 to $197,538Add HD only transmitter, 3 HD antenna bays and small coax system (7/8” typical). Cost $36,024Total is $149,869 to $233,562Air Conditioning, AC panel and other AC power costs not included

HD via Space Combined

HD Transmission Upgrade Summary

Low Level, High Power Transmitter only $248,250 to $336,648High Level Injector and HD Only Transmitter $145,845 to $232,865Space Combined 6 analog bays and 3 HD bays, coax and HD Only transmitter $149,869 to $233,562

One of these is what’s needed for your station

Typical HD Ready Antennas

JCPD Dual input JAHD Dual input Penetrator OptimizerAll Elements Driven All Elements Driven ----Low/Medium Level----

Dual Input antennas can be Master Antennas Penetrator and Optimizer for single or up to three stations

All are at least ±200 kHz fo

High Level Combined

High Level Combined System at KQOD

High Level Combining : The Injector (hybrid)

Models:

RCHA-222-HD

10kW Analog

3.5 kW Digital

RCHA-323-HD

35 kW Analog

10 kW Digital

Both 10 dB Injectors:

>40dB Isolation

1.06:1 VSWR

Easy to Plumb Ins and outs

Matching to the reject load

Most agree that at least 1.1:1 is needed on the reject load connector of the RCHA-X2X-10HD in order to meet mask.

Why a circulator might be needed:

50Ω Load Digital RF Input

Analog RF Input Hybrid RF Output

10% of Analog90% of Digital 90% of

Analog Input

10% of Digital Input

High Level Combining:

How the Hybrid Injector / Combiner works

FM7380-6HF FM HD Isolator

For 500 Watt Application

250 Watt Termination Load

Low Insertion loss of 0.5 dB

Isolation provided =>32 dB

Small size for easy installation

Factory tested

May be needed for Dual Antennas, Dual Input Antennas

or Power Combined

RF Circulator Hook Up

Port 3 -Load

Port 1 - Input

Port 2 - Output

Lower Magnet Pole Piece

“Y” Junction Center Conductor

Elements of an RF CirculatorNorth Pole

Upper Magnet Pole Piece

Ground Plane

Ground Plane

Magnetic Flux Orientation

Upper Magnet

Lower Magnet

Low Level Combined

WXEL Existing Low Level Combined HD

KPCC Low Level Combined Part of JMPC-2

Space Combined

Different height elements orShared aperture bays

Separate Height, Space Combined

Dual Input Bays at KHHT

Shared AperturePenetrator Antenna System

Separate Height, Space CombinedDual Input Bays at KIIS

•Easy Upgrade Path

•Within 70% RCAGL

•Reasonable Isolation

•HD Becomes Backup

•Any Power Level

•Elevation Pattern

•Azimuth Similar

Why Spaced Combined might need a Circulator

Dual Input Antennas

WRFX-FM Charlotte, NC WERN-FM Madison, WI

Dual Input Antennas

JSHD Side Mount Dual Input

All Elements driven by both Analog and Digital

Lower Wind Load vs. Panel

Lower Weight vs. Panel

Dual Input Side Mount

Station Combiner Insertion

13 Analog Stations

5 HD Stations

Dual Feed Arrow Head

HD Jampro Combiner

235 kW Total ERP

Jampro Combiner can expand for more stations

KSL - Bonneville Site

Inject HD at the combiner

The Final Outcome: Or “Making the Mask”

Choosing the ‘Right’ HD antenna

Summary Of Approaches:Applications Pros Cons

For All Power Level Stations Inexpensive Hardware One Antenna for bothLimited Tower Capacity Use proven antenna Wasted energy in reject loadOmni or Directional Patterns Easy Installation Single Failure pointsSingle or Multiple Frequencies Use existing Analog Tx. High Cost of OperationTypically Single Station Low Cost intro to HD Low efficiency

Increased Isolation Higher Power HD Tx.HVAC Concerns

Applications Pros Cons

For All Power Level Stations Lower Power HD Only Tx More Tower Space - Separate BaysSensitive to analog signal protection No Injector power loss Possible Elevation Pattern effectsTower capacity not an issue Protects Analog Signal Expense of 2nd Xmission lineMedium Cost intro to HD Redundancy HD/Analog Tower Loading for Separate AntennaSingle or Multiple Frequencies Use existing Analog Tx. HVAC sizing issuesTypically Single Station Interleaved Saves Tower SpaceOmni or Directional Patterns Increased Isolation

Inexpensive intro to HD

Injector System:

Spaced Combined HD Antenna

Summary Of Approaches:Applications Pros Cons

For All Power Level Stations Ground up design for HD Higher CostTypically Multiple Stations Predictable Performance Higher weight & wind loadUse when HD/Analog Pattern CriticalEasier to do DA's Larger Tower neededBack Up Redundantly Bandwidth/broadband HVAC sizing issuesLarge Face Sized Towers No Injector power lossCritical Directional Patterns Use existing Analog Tx.

Ability to add stations

Applications Pros Cons

Higher Power Levels No Injector loss More costly than other choicesSingle Frequency Use existing Analog Tx More floor spaceWhere AC costs are high Lower Power Reject load Accurate tuning of Tx's neededCan't change antenna Re use Xmission Line HVAC sizing issuesCan't change tower space Re use FM AntennaTPO not available for low level combining

Medium Power Combined HD

Dual Input HD FM Antenna

CONVERSION REQUIREMENTS FOR AM & FM IBOC TRANSMISSIONJeff R. Detweiler, iBiquity Digital Corporation – in pdfIBOC DAB FIELD TEST PLATFORMSGreg A. Nease, iBiquity Digital Corporation – in pdfTHE STRUCTURE AND GENERATION OF ROBUST WAVEFORMS FOR AM IN-BAND ON-CHANNEL DIGITAL BROADCASTINGSteven A. Johnson, iBiquity Digital Corporation – in pdfTHE STRUCTURE AND GENERATION OF ROBUST WAVEFORMS FOR FM IN-BAND ON-CHANNEL DIGITAL BROADCASTING Paul J. Peyla, iBiquity Digital Corporation FCC Web Site: www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/digital/index.htmDane Jubera, Senior Engineer, JamproAaron Callahan, RF Systems Design EngineerThis Power Point Presentation by Bob Groome, Domestic Sales Manager, Jampro

Contributors:

Thank You!How to contact Jampro:Telephone 01+916-383-1177

Toll Free 1+866-4JAMPRØ

FAX 01+916-383-1182

WEB www. Jampro.com

Email jampro@jamrpo.com

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In Person 6340 Sky Creek RoadSacramento, CA 95828