Flexi Edge Manual

1 © 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials

Company Confidential

Flexi EDGE BTS Configurations•Minimum and maximum configurations•Capacity expansion steps •BTS cabling•Combining options



Objectives

After the module the participant will be able to:

• Describe minimum and maximum configurations

• Give a typical growth path, and show how the hardware should be laid out to achieve this

• Give examples of the Smart Radio Concept (SRC) features Note: Some of these will be developed after the initial S/W release



Nokia Flexi EDGE BTS: from small to large configurations• Flexible capacity increase from small to very

large configurations • 1 to 24 TRX in 1-6 sectors under 1 BCF • up to 216 TRX per site

• High site capacities possible even without a cabinet

• All dual band configurations supported• ANSI and ETSI frequencies• GSM 800/1800, GSM 800/1900, GSM 900/1800

Min configuration1-2 TRX , 2 modules

Max configuration / BCF

8+8+8 TRX, 14 modules



Sys m

od

ule

Sys m

od

ule

Sect

mod

ule

Sect

mod

ule

Sect moduleSect module


Sys moduleSys module


Stack 2+2+2 8+8+8 Indoor 48V DC

4+4+4 Outdoor with Batteries

2 TRX, wall

Stack 4+4+4

Examples of Nokia Flexi EDGE BTS configurations

DTRX

DTRX

DTRX

DTRX

DTRX

DTRX

DTRX

DTRX

DTRX

Sys ext moduleSys ext module

Sys module

Sys ext module

DTRX (Dual TRX)

Sector module (DTRX + duplex filter)

GSM/EDGE Modules

DTRX

DTRX

DTRX

Weight: ~150 kg

Low weight load of Nokia Flexi EDGE BTS simplifies site construction work

Weight: ~100 kg Weight: ~250 kg

DTRX

MIBBU

HEXLTE

LTE

LTE

LTE

FAN batt batt batt batt

DTRXDTR

X








Sect

mod

ule

Sect

mod

ule







GSM 4+4+4 &WCDMA 4+4+4

WCDMA/HSPA Modules

2+2+2 4+4+4

GSM/EDGE

GSM/EDGE

GSM/EDGE/WCDMA/HSPA

GSM/EDGE

WCDMA/HSPA

RF module

DTRX

DTRX

DTRX

Example of Nokia Flexi BTS growth path

Sys module

Sys ext module

DTRX (Dual TRX)

Sector module (DTRX + duplex filter)

GSM/EDGE Modules

Sys module

RF moduleSys module

RF module

RF module









DTRX

DTRX

DTRX







Nokia Flexi EDGE installation and cabling steps 2+2+2 stack installation• Install the plinth

• Ground the plinth (so wrist-strap is grounded)

• Unit installation1. Assemble the stack of casings on plinth

2. Install the modules into the casings

3. Install the cable entries

• Unit cabling1. Ground the units to the plinth

2. Connect the antenna cables

3. Connect the transmission cable

4. Install the power cables

5. Install the bus cables

6. Install the RF cables

7. Connect the –48V DC input cables

• Cover installation1. Install the rear covers

2. Install the front covers

2+2+2 538(H) * 447(W) * 560(D)mm



Nokia Flexi EDGE installation and cabling steps Expansion to 4+4+4 stack installation

• Removing cables

• Unit installation1. Place modules into the casings

2. Install the modules

3. Install the cable entries

• Unit cabling1. Ground the units




• Cover installation1. Install the rear covers

2. Install the front covers

NB! In 4+4+4 floor installations 3 EUCA kits (incl 977mm RF cables) are needed (1/sector)

4+4+4 18 HU * 447(W) * 560(D)mm



Nokia Flexi EDGE installation and cabling steps 8+8+8 installation in Indoor cabinet

• Cabinet installation1. Anchor the cabinet

2. Ground the cabinet

• Unit installation1. Install the support plates

2. Install the cage nuts

3. Install the units

• Unit cabling1. Connect antenna cables

2. Connect the transmission cable




6. Connect –48V DC input cables



• Dual TRX module can be implemented in capacity mode or coverage mode

• In capacity mode both TRXs of the DTRX are used for capacity

• Four combining options for capacity mode:• By-pass combining

• 2-way wideband combining (WBC)

• 4-way wideband combining (WBC)

• 6-way Remote Tune Combining (RTC)

Nokia Flexi EDGE BTS in capacity mode



LNA

LNA

Du

ple

xer

Du

ple

xer

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

Du

ple

xer

Du

ple

xer

Combining By-pass with 2-way RX diversity

Dual TRX transmitting and receiving to 2 antennas boosting the coverage area by about 30% (+3.4 dB) compared to using 2:1 combining

Dual Duplexer Dual TRX

Example: 2 TRX/cell

TX1

RX1 MainDiv

RX2 MainDiv

TX2

Div

Antennas

X



Dual Duplexer

Antennas

X

TX1

RX1 MainDiv

RX2 MainDiv

TX2

Div

TX3

RX3 MainDiv

RX4 MainDiv

TX4

Div

LNA

LNA

Du

ple

xer

Du

ple

xer

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

Du

ple

xer

Du

ple

xer

Example: 4 TRX/cell

WBC

Wideband CombinersDual TRXs

2-way Wideband Combining with 2-way RX diversity

WBC



4-way Wideband Combining with 2-way RX diversity

Dual Duplexer

Antennas

X

LNA

LNA

Du

ple

xer

Du

ple

xer

WBCWBC

WBC

WBC

Wideband CombinersDual TRXs

WBC

WBC

TX1RX1

MainDiv

RX2 MainDivTX2

Div

TX3RX3

MainDiv

RX4 MainDivTX4

Div

TX5RX5

MainDiv

RX6 MainDivTX6

Div

TX7RX7

MainDiv

RX8 MainDivTX8

Div

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

Du

ple

xer

Du

ple

xer

Example: 8 TRX/cell



LNA+ Multi-couple

r

RX

filte

rCavitie

s

RX

filte

r

Du

ple

xer

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

1 X-pol Antenna

X

TX5RX5

MainDiv

RX6 MainDivTX6

DivTX3RX3

MainDiv

RX4 MainDivTX4

DivTX1RX1

MainDiv

RX2 MainDivTX2

Div

Remote Tune Combining with 2-way RX diversity

Example: 6 TRX/cell

Remote TuneCombiner (RTC)

Dual TRXs

With RTC up to 6 Tx signals can be combined into 1 antenna, minimizing the combiner loss

6

6

6



LNA+ Multi-couple

r

RX

filte

r

Cavities

RX

filte

r

Du

ple

xer

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

RX

filte

r

Cavities

RX

filte

r

Du

ple

xer

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

TX11RX11

MainDiv

RX12 MainDivTX12

DivTX9RX9

MainDiv

RX10 MainDivTX10

Div

Remote Tune Combining with 2-way RX diversity

Example: 12 TRX/cell

Remote TuneCombiners (RTC)

12 TRX/cell can be built with 2 RTC and 1 x-polarized antenna

Antennas

XDual TRXs

TX5RX5

MainDiv

RX6 MainDivTX6

DivTX3RX3

MainDiv

RX4 MainDivTX4

DivTX1RX1

MainDiv

RX2 MainDivTX2

Div

TX7RX7

MainDiv

RX8 MainDivTX8

Div



Nokia Flexi EDGE BTS in coverage mode

• For boosting cell size and thereby reducing the number of sites, both downlink and uplink enhancement methods are implemented

• Double Power TRX (DPTRX): • The output power of 2 TRX is combined in a synchronized manner within

Wideband Combiner (phase feedback to TRX from WBC) , doubling the TRX output power while using 1 TRX for capacity

• In DPTRX the combined 2 TRXs must be in the same Dual TRX module • DPTRX can be used in downlink limited cases or together with uplink

improvement methods, to increase cell coverage

• Five options for coverage mode:• DPTRX with 2-way UL diversity• DPTRX with 4-way UL diversity• Intelligent Downlink Diversity (IDD) with 2-way UL diversity• Nokia Smart Radio Concept (SRC)• DPTRX with Nokia SRC



Double Power TRX with 2-way uplink diversity

Example: 1 TRX/cell

• DPTRX is achieved by coherently combining TX signals of 2 carriers within DTRX• Is implemented with 1 Sector module/sector (1 TRX capacity)• 1 TX antenna required for DL (DPTRX) & 2 RX antennas for UL (2-way div)

total of 2 antennas (TX/RX + RX) • Output power gain 2.5 dB DL coverage area is 25% larger• For enhancing UL, MHAs are recommended

Combiner Dual Duplexer

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

Du

ple

xer

Du

ple

xer

WBC

Dual TRX

TX1

RX1 MainDiv

RX2 MainDiv

TX2

Div

Phase feedback cable for coherent

combining

MHA

Antenna and MHAs

X



Double Power TRX with 4-way uplink diversity 1/3

• 4-way UL diversity balances the higher output power of DPTRX

• Is implemented with 2 Sector modules/sector

• 2 TX antenna required for DL (2*DPTRX) & 4 RX antennas for UL (4-way div)

total of 4 antennas (2 TX/RX + 2 RX)

• Output power and sensitivity gains are 2.5 dB coverage area is 25% larger



LNA+ Multi-couple

r

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

Du

ple

xer

Du

ple

xer

Phase feedback

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

Du

ple

xer

Du

ple

xer

TX3

RX3 MainDiv

RX4 MainDiv

TX4

Div

TX1

RX1 MainDiv

RX2 MainDiv

TX2

Div

Double Power TRX with 4-way RX diversity 2/3

Wideband Combiners(coherent)

Dual Duplexers

DTRX Units Antennas

Example: 1 TRX/cell

Needed for supporting second Duplexer (DC power)

WBC

X

X



Antennas

X

X

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

Du

ple

xer

Du

ple

xer

WBC

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

Du

ple

xer

Du

ple

xer

Wideband Combiners(coherent)

Dual Duplexers

DTRX Units

Double Power TRX with 4-way RX diversity 3/3

Example: 2 TRX/cell

WBCTX1

RX1 MainDiv

RX2 MainDiv

TX2

Div

TX3

RX3 MainDiv

RX4 MainDiv

TX4

Div

Phase feedback

Phase feedback



Intelligent Downlink Diversity with 2-way uplink diversity

Example: 1 TRX/cell

• Nokia Intelligent Downlink Diversity (IDD) is an effective way of boosting the downlink: it is based on space and time diversity and signal tuning

• Is implemented with 1 Sector module/sector• 2 TX antenna required for DL (IDD) & 2 RX antennas for UL (2-way div

+ MHA) total of 2 antennas (2TX/RX)

• Output power gain on average 5 dB DL coverage area is 50% larger

Dual Duplexer

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

Du

ple

xer

Du

ple

xer

Antenna and MHAs

X

Dual TRX

TX1

RX1 MainDiv

RX2 MainDiv

TX2

Div

MHA



Nokia Smart Radio Concept 1/2

• Nokia Smart Radio Concept (SRC): Intelligent Downlink Diversity (IDD) with 4-way uplink diversity and MHA


• Based on IDD and UL enhancement with MHA and 4-way UL diversity

• 4 TX antenna required for DL (2*IDD) & 4 RX antennas for UL (4-way div + MHA)

total of 4 antennas (4TX/RX)

• The improvement to coverage: average 5dB, in rural 8dB ) up to 50% less sites are needed



LNA+ Multi-couple

r

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

Du

ple

xer

Du

ple

xer

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

Du

ple

xer

Du

ple

xer

X

Dual Duplexers

Dual TRXs

TX1

RX1 MainDiv

RX2 MainDiv

TX2

Div

TX3

RX3 MainDiv

RX4 MainDiv

TX4

Div

Nokia Smart Radio Concept 2/2

Example: 2 TRX/cellAntennas and MHAs

MHA

X



Double Power TRX with Nokia SRC 1/2


• 2 TX antenna required for DL (DPTRX & IDD) & 4 RX antennas for UL (4-way div + MHA)

total of 4 antennas (2TX/RX+2RX)

• Output power gain on average 7.5 dB DL coverage area is 75% larger

• This solution is recommended for DL limited sites (usually because of very high masts)



LNA+ Multi-couple

r

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

Du

ple

xer

Du

ple

xer

WBC

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

Du

ple

xer

Du

ple

xer

Combiners Dual Duplexers

DTRX Units

Double Power TRX with Nokia SRC 2/2

Example: 1 TRX/cell

WBCTX1

RX1 MainDiv

RX2 MainDiv

TX2

Div

TX3

RX3 MainDiv

RX4 MainDiv

TX4

Div

Phase feedback cable


combining X

Antennas and MHAs

MHA

X



Nokia Flexi EDGE BTS RF performance

BTS Output Power DTRX800/900/1800/19

00

DPTRX800/900/1800/1900

Max # of TRXs /

antenna element

Frequency hopping

dBm W dBm W

TRX output 47.0 50 49.5 89.5 - -

IDD 50.5 112 53 200 1 RF & BB

Combiner by-pass 46.2 41.7 48.5 71 1 RF & BB

RTC 44.0 25 6 BB

WBC 2:1 42.7 18.5 2 RF & BB

WBC 4:1 39.4 8.7 4 RF & BBBTS Receiver Sensitivity, with Nokia High Gain MHA

Sensitivity800/900&1900

Sensitivity1800

dBm dBm

4-way diversity -118 -118.5

2-way diversity -115.5 -116

Single branch -112.5 -113NOTE: RF performance results are not finalized.



Nokia Flexi EDGE BTS output power

• BTS nominal output power values are measured at the Dual Duplexer module’s antenna connector (same as TOC figures of traditional cabinets)

• Output power values are defined with GMSK modulation. With 8-PSK modulation, values are 2 dB smaller.

• Intelligent Downlink Diversity (IDD) doubles (~3 dB) the received signal power at the handset and multiple diversity gains add downlink by average of 1-2 dB, giving average 4.5 dB gain in total. Shown output power values are after air-combining without antenna gain.

• Combining options:• Combiner by-pass = No combining – 1 TRX to one antenna• WBC 2:1 = One stage Wide Band Combining – 1...2 TRXs to one antenna• WBC 4:1 = Two stage Wide Band Combining – 1...4 TRXs to one antenna• RTC 6:1 = Remote Tune Combining (cavity combining) – 1...6 TRXs to one antenna

• Output power values for RTC are given with 6 TRX and minimum channel spacing. With less TRXs and extended channel spacing, output power is up to 0.5 dB higher.



(Optional slides) IDD Vs. Double Power for clarification (1)

Auxiliary (Delayed) TXReceived signal

Main TX

D

D = Delay of 1-1.5 symbolsDual

Duplexer

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

Du

ple

xer

Du

ple

xer

Antenna and MHAs

Dual TRX

TX1

RX1 MainDiv

RX2 MainDiv

TX2

Div

MHA

Baseband

Low Correlationbetween Antennas

IDD



(Optional slides) IDD Vs. Double Power for clarification (2)

Baseband

EWxA ERxA

Logical diagram (TX path only shown)

CombinerDual

Duplexer

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

LNA+ Multi-couple

r

Du

ple

xer

Du

ple

xer

WBC

Dual TRX

TX1

RX1 MainDiv

RX2 MainDiv

TX2

Div


combining

MHA

Antenna and MHAs

X

DP

Documents

Flexi Edge Manual