FIRE STOP & SMOKE SEALfe.hkie.org.hk/Upload/Doc/322bb9fa-3a40-40e1-b265... · PNAP ADV 33 (Feb-2016) NEW drawing:-Fire Stop installed at the bottom. (to protect the structural fixing/bracket)-Not

Fire Protection in Curtain Wall and Façade Systems

Ir Dr. Dominic YUPrincipal

Structural Fire and FaçadeAlpha Consulting Limited

Email: [email protected]

FIRE STOP & SMOKE SEAL

Fire Protection in Curtain Wall and Facade Systems


Spread of Fire and Smoke


Protection of Projections


Protection of Projections

Assumed behaviour of flame Actual behaviour of flame

Fire Spread


CavityComplete.com - Technical Bulletin SS-09

Fire Protectionalong the edge of RC slab


@2004 IFC

Protected mullion& fixing

Fire and Smoke seal

Fire stop place under the fixing

Protected bracket

Fire Stop and Smoke Seal


Current practice: Air Seal (alum flashing) is provided at top of curb.

Question 1: Do we need additional smoke seal (proprietary product) to comply with this clause C10.2(b)?

Question 2: Smoke seal for ambient temperature?


Spread of Fire and Smoke

OLD drawing:Fire Stop above fixingnot mention smoke seal


Spread of Fire and SmokeTypical Detail as in PNAP ADV 33 (Feb-2016)

NEW drawing:- Fire Stop installed at the bottom.

(to protect the structural fixing/bracket)- Not mention smoke seal.


Smoke and Fire Barrierfor Curtain Wall

Air seal /Smoke seal

ThermalInsulation

Support Bracket (to be protected)

Fire Stop (under structural fixing)


Smoke and Fire Barrierfor Curtain Wall

“Air Seal” - 1.5mm thk alum flashing with sealant on top of insulation.Test can prove it functioned as “Smoke seal”

Thermal insulation(110kg/m3)50mm thick

Fire Stop (60kg/m3)135mm thick(i.e. Height in the drawing)

Fire Stop CSR Rockwool Fireseal Batt

2 hour fire rated

135mm thick

Density (60 kg/m3)

Compressed tono more than 85%

AS1530 BS476


Fire Stop BS 476 is required

for statutory submission.


Thermal Insulation CSR Rockwool Fibertex-820

Min. 50mm thk with Alum. foil

Density (110 kg/m3)

Alum foil side facing concrete.


ROXUL


1 Jan 2014

CSR ROXUL ROCKWOOL

CSR Fireseal Batt ROCKWOOL RockSafeCSR Fibertex-820 ROCKWOOL CurtainRock 80 Plus

Buildings DepartmentCentral Data Bank


2006

2008

CSR Fireseal Batt (60kg/m3) ROCKWOOL RockSafe (60kg/m3) since 2014

CSR Fibertex-820 (110kg/m3) ROCKWOOL CurtainRock 80 Plus (110kg/m3) since 2014

BD-FS011 = BD-D179, D235, D240, D265 & D274 in 2009/2010

BD-D163 is a system combined (i) Fireseal Batt and (ii) Fibertex-820

ROCKWOOL洛科威®岩棉


Fire Stop:“RockSafe” 135mm thick

60 kg/m3

Compressed to no more than 85%

Thermal Insulation:“CurtainRock 80 Plus” 50mm thick (common)

110 kg/m3

ROCKWOOL - Thermal Insulation @ Factory


ROCKWOOL - Fire Stop @ Site


Installation of Fire Stop – 135mm (60kg/m3)


Install after flashing enclosure:- Difficult to insert the fire stop- Rockwool will not affect by rain

Install together with CW panel:- Varies width from CW panel to RC- Easy fall down- Wetting of rockwool

Installation of Fire Stop Workmanship


Butt joint? Compressed?

Wetting of installed rockwool

Smoke Seal – Proprietary Product


Designed for Floor Slab (or Concrete Spandrel?)

Refer to pre-approval material list BD-CDB

Spray apply on Fire Stop (or Insulation?)

Fire Stop requires backing support

Smoke Seal… in BD-CDB


BD-D3xx Smoke seal….. For curtain wall

Proprietary Product – CFS-SP WB


- Function in small gap? (esp. 200mm CW zone)- Apply on Fire Stop or Insulation?- Interface with interior finishes?- Vertical side?

SMOKE CONTROLTEST

BS EN 12101-1


Smoke Leakage Test Proposal


Smoke Control Test BS EN 12101-1

Conventional air seal by 1.5mm thick alum flashing plate and weather sealant (DC791).

Also test to Medium Temperature200C

Results: all leakage < 25m3/h/m2


Test Setup


FIRE RATED CURTAIN WALL


External FacadeExternal Façade including Window, Window Wall, Curtain Wall, Glass Wall, Cladding etc.

Window – framed glazing in the opening of an external wall.

Window Wall – windows spanning between floor slabs within the building.

Curtain Wall – non load-bearing enclosure fixed on to the load-bearing structure with its dead loads, imposed loads and wind loads transferred to the structure through fixings.

Glass Wall – wall mainly formed by structural glass elements spanning between floors.


Curtain Wall / Glass Wall Curtain Wall for residential / commercial buildings is commonly

consisted of Aluminium framing section as structural member and Glass as facial material. However, both Aluminium and Glass are not fire rated material.

Glass Wall at Podium may be formed by Steel as structural member due to its long span and Glass as façade material.

Fire Protection in Curtain Wall and Facade SystemsCurtain Wall Glass Wall

Fire Rated Glass Wall


Conventional fire-rated glass wall

Fire Rated External Facades


Aims to assess:• Integrity• Insulation• Perimeter Seal

Not only curtain wall

BS EN 1364-3 & -4


Fire Rated Curtain Wall(Part 3: Full Configuration)


Fig.4 of BS EN 1364-3

Perimeter seal

Fire-rated glass wall / Fire-rated curtain wall


Fire Rated Curtain Wall(Part 4: Part Configuration)


Types of fixing

Fire-rated spandrel area

Curtain Walling Types


BS EN 1364-3 (Full configuration), i.e. curtain wall type B. Fully fire resistant curtain wall system. Subsection C5 – Prevention of Fire Spread between Buildings (900mm) Test Full System

BS EN 1364-4 (Part configuration), i.e. curtain wall type A. Fire resistant only in the spandrel area. Application and Location???

FIRE COMPARTMENTATION

(FLAT-TO-FLAT)


Interfacing with Wall


Room-to-Room Flat-to-FlatFire Compartmentation

Fire Compartmentation – Curtain Wall System (Flat-to-Flat)


• Fire rated partition board is commonly used to enclose the mullion.• May require rockwool insulation to achieve FRR -/60/60.• The system should be tested in according to BS 476 or BS EN 1364

(Flat to Flat)

Insulation

FRP board

EXTERNAL CLADDING


Refurbishment - Aluminium Composite Material


Source from: The Sun

Refurbishment - Aluminium Composite Material


Source from: The SunSource from: Metro.co.uk

Fire Accidents- Grenfell Tower


Source from: BBC.com

Fire Accidents- Grenfell Tower


Source from: The Sun

The Alum Composite Panel with flammable insulation clad the concrete of the building with a 30mm gap, which acted like a chimney.

Fire spreading up one side of the building externally. The burning material falls down, starting more fires below, and the flames spread up.

Fire Accidents- Grenfell Tower The cladding installed at Grenfell Tower is aluminium

composite panel was banned in the US and rated as ‘flammable’ in Germany.

Reynobond® aluminium coated panels with a flammable plastic core, known as Polyethylene (PE), conform to British safety standards, despite being ruled dangerous elsewhere.

Passed Class A of ASTM E84 - Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials.

It is similar to BS 476: Part 7 for Spread of flame, but different with BS 476: Part 4 Non-combustibility test.


Aluminium Composite Cladding




ASTM E84 – Surface Burning Characteristics of Building MaterialsSimilar to BS 476: Part 7 – Spread of Frame

BS 476: Part 4 ? or Class A1 of BS EN 13501-1 ?












Fire Safety Reviews In the days after the fire, local authorities undertook

reviews of fire safety in their residential tower blocks.

Estimated about 600 high-rise blocks in the UK that have similar cladding, in which 120 high-rise buildings located in 37 different local authority areas were reported to have failed fire safety tests, a 100% failure rate of samples tested.

What test standard for installed/used material?

What is the passing criteria?


Source from: BBC.com

Construction of External Wall


BS: Class 0EN: Class B-s3,d2

Cladding Material in Hong Kong


Non-combustible BS 476: Part 4 or Class A1 of BS EN 13501-1

Non-combustible Materials


Limited Combustibility


Non-combustible Materials- Commentary Comparison of classification of fire performance of materials tested

in accordance with BS EN 13501-1:2007 and BS 476: Parts 4 and 7.


Safety Level

decreasingfire safety

Non-Combustible vsLimited combustibility


BS 476: Part 4T 50C;tf 10 s

Restrict to Class A1? orAccept both Class A1 & Class A2?

Linings


Ver. 2011

Ver. 2015

Class A1

Class C

Cladding Material in China


NON-COMBUSTIBLE

MATERIAL



Conclusions Fire stop and smoke seal are necessary components for

a curtain wall system in order to prevent spread of fire and smoke between floors respectively.

Correct specification, location and application of fire stop and smoke seal are essential in curtain wall system.

Non-combustible materials should be used for external façade and cladding. Material should be tested for non-combustibility in accordance with BS 476: Part 4 or BS EN 13501-1, but not by assessment.

Thank You!

Ir Dr. Dominic YUPrincipal

Structural Fire and FaçadeAlpha Consulting Limited

Email: [email protected]

Documents

FIRE STOP & SMOKE SEALfe.hkie.org.hk/Upload/Doc/322bb9fa-3a40-40e1-b265... · PNAP ADV 33 (Feb-2016) NEW drawing:-Fire Stop installed at the bottom. (to protect the structural fixing/bracket)-Not