Final Report from the implementation of accident … Report from the implementation of accident reporting systems in Cambodia, Indonesia, and Timor-Leste 1 October, 2010 -28 February

REGIONAL FISHERIES LIVELIHOODS PROGRAMME

FOR SOUTH AND SOUTHEST ASIA (RFLP) ---------------------------------------------------------

Final Report from the implementation of accident reporting systems in

Cambodia, Indonesia, and Timor-Leste

1 October, 2010 -28 February 2011

February 2011

Final Report from the implementation of accident reporting systems in

Cambodia, Indonesia, and Timor-Leste

1 October, 2010 -28 February 2011

Report prepared for the

(GCP/RAS/237/SPA)

based on the work of

Mr. Per Danielsson, FAO Consultant

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This publication has been made with the financial support of the Spanish Agency of International Cooperation for Development (AECID) through an FAO trust-fund project, the Regional Fisheries Livelihoods Programme (RFLP) for South and Southeast Asia. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the opinion of FAO, AECID, or RFLP.

All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to: Chief, Electronic Publishing Policy and Support Branch Communication Division, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to: [email protected]

FAO 2011

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ABSTRACT

Fishing at sea is probably the most dangerous occupation in the world. Sea safety activities are undertaken by the Regional Fisheries Livelihoods Programme (RFLP) in the 6 programme countries, namely Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Timor-Leste and Viet Nam.

The aim of this activity is twofold, one aim is to implement accident reporting systems in three of the RFLP project countries Cambodia, Indonesia and Timor-Leste, the other aim is to test and verify the newly developed Draft Guidelines to competent authorities in implementing an accident reporting and analysis systems for small fishing vessels.

Accident reporting systems has been implemented in the three countries and the outcome will help the countries to further develop their work to improve the safety for fishers.

National conclusions and recommendations are presented under separate chapters in the report. The overall recommendations are below:

The time between the National workshop and the Training of trainers (ToT) workshop was too short, the recommended time span should be 2-3 months;

Make sure the information about the accident reporting system is distributed to all coastal villages involved in the trial period of the reporting system;

There is a need for continuous support and encouragement during the start-up phase, i.e. approximately the first 6 months;

The countries will need support to analyse the accidents after 6 months or 1 year. This will be particularly important when deciding how to use the collected and analysed data, to make good decisions for training, awareness, change of management, etc. This could be combined with a follow-up after 4-6 months; and,

The accident reporting system should also be implemented in the other 3 RFLP countries after the first three countries have been evaluated.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. V TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................ VII TABLE OF ACRONYMS ....................................................................................................... IX 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 11 2 CAMBODIA: .................................................................................................................. 13

2.1 National workshop ..................................................................................................... 13 2.1.1 Recommendations ............................................................................................ 14

2.2 Training of Trainers workshop .................................................................................. 15 2.2.1 Recommendations ............................................................................................ 15

2.3 Village data collector training .................................................................................... 16 2.3.1 Recommendations ............................................................................................ 16

3 INDONESIA: .................................................................................................................. 17 3.1 National workshop ..................................................................................................... 18

3.1.1 Recommendations ............................................................................................ 18 3.2 Training of Trainers workshop .................................................................................. 19

3.2.1 Recommendations ............................................................................................ 19 3.3 Village data collector training .................................................................................... 20

3.3.1 Recommendations ............................................................................................ 20 4 TIMOR-LESTE: ............................................................................................................. 21

4.1 National workshop ..................................................................................................... 21 4.1.1 Recommendations ............................................................................................ 22

4.2 Training of Trainers workshop .................................................................................. 23 4.2.1 Recommendations ............................................................................................ 23

4.3 Village data collector training .................................................................................... 24 4.3.1 Recommendations ............................................................................................ 24

5 GUIDELINES FOR ACCIDENT REPORTING ........................................................... 25 6 REPORTING FORMS ................................................................................................... 27

6.1 Simple-form ............................................................................................................... 27 6.2 Paper-form ................................................................................................................. 28 6.3 Excel-form ................................................................................................................. 31

7 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 32 7.1 Cambodia ................................................................................................................... 32 7.2 Indonesia .................................................................................................................... 32 7.3 Timor-Leste ................................................................................................................ 33 7.4 Over all conclusions ................................................................................................... 33

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8 RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................ 35 8.1 Cambodia ................................................................................................................... 35 8.2 Indonesia .................................................................................................................... 35 8.3 Timor-Leste ................................................................................................................ 35 8.4 The Draft Guidelines .................................................................................................. 36 8.5 The Reporting forms .................................................................................................. 36 8.6 Over all recommendations ......................................................................................... 36

APPENDIX 1. REPORTING FORM .................................................................................. 39 APPENDIX 2. FISHING BOATS ....................................................................................... 41 APPENDIX 3. SIMPLE ACCIDENT REPORTING FORM ............................................. 45 APPENDIX 4. LISTS TO SUPPORT THE REPORTING FORM .................................... 46

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TABLE OF ACRONYMS

AECID Agencia Espaola de Cooperacin Internacional para el Desarrollo

CDO Chief of Operation Department (Timor-Leste)

CF Community Fisheries (Cambodia)

CFDD Department of Community Fisheries Development (Cambodia)

DAAL Department of Administrative Affairs and Litigation (Cambodia)

DFA Department of Fisheries Affairs (Cambodia)

DFO District fisheries officers (Timor-Leste)

DGCF Directorate General of Capture Fisheries (Indonesia)

DGST Directorate General of Sea Transportation (Indonesia)

DKP Indonesia Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan)

DNPA Dreco Nacional De Pescas e Aquicultura

DNTM National Directorate for Maritime Transport (Timor-Leste)

EEZ Exclusive economic zone

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization

FiA Fisheries Administration (Cambodia)

FiAC Fisheries Administration Cantonment (Cambodia)

GT Gross Tonnage

ILO International Labour Organization

INS Indonesia

ISSC International Ship Security Certificate

JMSTF Maritime Police (Timor-Leste)

KKP Indonesia Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries / MMAF (Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan)

MAF Ministry Agriculture and Fisheries

MAFF Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (Cambodia)

MCS Monitoring, control and surveillance

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MEO Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (Indonesia)

MFiAI Marine Fisheries Administration Inspectorate

MMAF Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (Indonesia KKP)

MMD Department of Merchant Marine (Cambodia)

MPWT Ministry of Public Work and Transport (Cambodia)

MS Microsoft

MWRM Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology (Cambodia)

NDF National Directorate of Fisheries (Timor-Leste)

NDFA National Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture (Timor-Leste)

NDMT National Directorate for the Maritime Transport (Timor-Leste)

NGO Non Governmental Organization

PNTL National Police of Timor-Leste (Timor-Leste)

RFLP Regional Fisheries Livelihood Programme

SAR Search and Rescue

SMC Safety Management Certificate

VMS Vessel monitoring system

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1 INTRODUCTION Fishing at sea is probably the most dangerous occupation in the world. Over 24,000 fishermen die every year. More than 50% of the world's population lives within 60km of the coastline. Billions of people depend on scarce marine resources, and are dependent on fishers and the catch they bring home. A lost vessel and a lost fisher have a vital impact on a coastal community. Safety for fishers is an often neglected area of improvement and is difficult to address if the background is not clear. There is a need for a better understanding of accident causes and better data collection on accidents.

Output 2 of the Spanish funded Regional Fisheries Livelihoods Programme (RFLP) is Safety at Sea and Vulnerability Reduction of Coastal Communities. The main output 2 activities being conducted by the 6 RFLP countries namely Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Timor-Leste and Viet Nam include vessel registration, investigation into the main causes of accidents at sea, provision of safety equipment and pilot testing of the FAO/FIRO produced draft accident reporting guidelines in Cambodia, Indonesia and Timor-Leste.

To introduce accident reporting systems is the first step towards a better understanding of the situation and it is also the best way to start working with safety matters for fishers and their families. This is well illustrated by the figure below.

Figure 1 Sea safety management cycle, illustrating the holistic approach.

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During the implementation of accident reporting systems the Draft Guidelines to competent authorities in implementing an accident reporting and analysis systems for small fishing vessels has been tested, and experience from this trial period will be used to further improve the Guidelines.

The implementation of the accident reporting system has followed the Guidelines and the following workshops have been conducted in each of the 3 pilot countries, namely Cambodia, Indonesia and Timor-Leste:

National workshop to agree on a structure for reporting accidents at sea.

Training of trainers workshop for government staff to learn and understand the reporting system, the paper-form, to be used at village level, of the reporting system, and the database in MS Excel to be used for reporting accidents at regional or national levels.

Village data collector training on accident reporting, at local village level.

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2 CAMBODIA:

Figure 2 RFLP pilot areas in Cambodia. Cambodia has four coastal provinces:

Koh Kong Province

Kampot Province

Kep Province

Preah Sihanouk Province

Cambodia has a coastline of approximately 435 km with about 40 fishing villages and 10,000 people involved in marine capture fisheries using 8,600 fishing boats (stat. 2010).

The accident reporting system will be tested in all provinces along the coast.

2.1 NATIONAL WORKSHOP

The national workshop was conducted in Sihanoukville, Cambodia, 8-9 November 2010. There were 50 participants of which 10 were women, from the ministry of fisheries, maritime authorities, meteorological organisation, representatives from province and cantonment levels, marine police, fisher organizations, and NGOs.

Three main topics was discussed during the workshop, 1) Organization Structure; 2) Sustainability of the Reporting Systems; and 3) Training Needs and Awareness Raising.

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The workshop contained both technical presentations and group work to come up with recommendations for the implementation of the reporting system. The reporting system is being implemented by the Fisheries Administration of the Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF). The focal point at the Fisheries Administration is Mr. Chhuon Kim Chhea, Deputy Director of Fisheries Affairs Department.

The reporting structure below was agreed for Cambodia.

Figure 3 Agreed reporting structure for Cambodia.

2.1.1 Recommendations

The following recommendations were presented at the national workshop in November 2010:

Continue to develop and test the agreed reporting structure for fishing vessels in the RFLP pilot area;

Reporting structure to be coordinated with other national maritime safety authorities and accident reporting systems;

Promote social security insurance schemes;

Specify training needs and conduct training (29 November 8 December, 2010);

The reporting system should cover all fishing vessels;

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Secure sustainability over time;

Ensure commitment on all levels;

Define job descriptions and train data collectors at cantonment level;

Train key personnel at fishery community committee level on how to collect and report accident information;

Encourage feedback from the RFLP piloting area on the implementation process;

Collect historical data on accident at sea; and

Ensure that all presented training material is simple, illustrative and adapted to the local conditions.

2.2 TRAINING OF TRAINERS WORKSHOP

The Training of Trainers workshop in Cambodia was conducted in Sihanoukville, 29 November - 3 December 2010. Participants from the Fisheries Administration at national level, province level and cantonment level were present, in total 20 participants, 16 men and 4 women.

The participants were trained in using the paper-form for reporting accidents and to use the Excel-form and database for reporting accidents. The layout of the paper-form and the Excel-form are identical which made the training easy and the participants were comfortable using both versions. The participants will continue to practice what was learned during the training during the 6 month pilot period at province and cantonment levels.

A detailed report has been submitted by SSPA Sweden, but the final recommendations are summarised below.


The following recommendations were formulated on the basis of the training experience and feedback from the participants:

Define the roles in the organisation;

Start to register data on historical accidents;

Enter new data from RFLP communities;

Evaluate and introduce the accident reporting to remaining communities;

The reporting system should cover all fishing vessels;



Define job descriptions and train data collectors at cantonment level;

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Ensure resources are available for the preparation of posters and other illustrative information documents;

Ensure resources are available for necessary computers and equipment;

Conduct field training and information at the grass root level; and

Actively ask for information from reporting levels below Marine Fisheries Administration Inspectorate (MFiAI) level and Fisheries Administration Cantonment (FiAC) level.

2.3 VILLAGE DATA COLLECTOR TRAINING

The Village data collector training on accident at sea reporting in Cambodia was conducted in Kampot, 6-7 December 2010. There were a total of 35 participants, including 4 women, from MAFF at national, province and cantonment levels, local fishers and representatives from fisher organisations, as well as local stakeholders.

The fishers and local data collectors were trained in using the paper-form to report accidents at sea. Real case scenarios were used as examples. The MAFF staff at province level will undertake this exercise in all 4 provinces.


The following recommendations were agreed at the workshop:

Define the roles in the organisation, - who should be responsible for accident data collection from the Community Fishery Committee;

Start to register data on historical accidents to practise use of the form; and,

In the event of new accidents, a Community Fisheries Committee member should collect the data, try to fill the form and call the contact person at the cantonment level.

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3 INDONESIA:

Figure 4 RFLP pilot areas in Indonesia.

RFLP activities are focused in the Province of Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT):

Alor District

Kupang District

Rote Ndao District

Kupang Municipality

Indonesia has a very long coastline, approximately 54,700 km, with about 17,500 islands depending on the tidal level, with a population of 237 million people (Wikipedia).

The accident reporting system will be tested in Kupang District and Kupang municipality. After testing the reporting system it will be implemented also in the two other districts, Alor and Rote Ndao.

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The national workshop in Indonesia was conducted in Jakarta, 2-3 November 2010, at the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF/KKP) premises. There were a total of 25 participants of which 4 were women, from the MMAF, port authorities, meteorological organisation, representatives from province and district levels, marine police, fishers and fisher organizations, and NGOs.

The same three main topics were discussed during this workshop, 1) Organization Structure; 2) Sustainability of the Reporting Systems; and 3) Training Needs and Awareness Raising.

The workshop contained both technical presentations and group work to come up with recommendations for the implementation of the reporting system. The reporting system is being implemented by the Directorate of Fishing Business Development, DG of Capture Fisheries. The focal point at the MMAF is Mr. Yeppi Sudarja, Head of Sub-Directorate for Fishers for the DGCF/MMAF.

The reporting structure below was agreed with the Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) during the workshop.

Figure 5 Reporting structure agreed for Indonesia.


The following recommendations were presented at the national workshop in November 2010.

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Continue to develop and test the agreed reporting structure for fishing vessels in the RFLP pilot area;

Reporting structure to be adapted to changes in national and local structures of maritime safety authorities;

Introduce incentives for reporting like the proposed insurance schemes;

Identify training needs and conduct training;

There should be a focus on small fishing vessels, < 5 GT (Gross Tonnage);

Ensure coordination with existing reporting systems;


Ensure commitment and socialization on all levels;

Define job descriptions for rapporteurs at district Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (DKP) level;

Encourage feedback from the RFLP piloting area on the implementation process; and

Ensure that all presented training material is simple, illustrative and adapted to the local fishers.


The Training of Trainers workshop in Indonesia was conducted in Kupang, NTT District, 17-27 January 2011. Participants from the MMAF at National, Regional, and district level, and port authorities, in total 20 participants, 17 men and 3 women.

The participants were trained in using the paper-form as well as using the computerised Excel-form. Several case scenarios were used in various role plays to train the participants in filling in the form as well as training on interview techniques.

A detailed report will be submitted by SSPA Sweden, but the final recommendations are summarised below.


The following recommendations were made at the workshop:

The pilot reporting for the RFLP pilot system should cover all fishing vessels;


Ensure commitment at all levels;

Define job descriptions and train data collectors at community fishing village level;

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Ensure resources are available for the preparation of posters and other illustrative information documents;

Conduct field training and information at the grass root level;

Use real/generic case studies, role plays, active participation; and,

Provide support during the pilot period and aim to provide follow-up activities for 6-9 months after the start of the pilot period.


The village data collector training on accident at sea reporting in Indonesia was conducted in Kupang, 24-25 January 2011. There were a total of 30 participants, including 1 woman, including MMAF staff from province and district levels, fishers and representatives of fisher organisations.

The fishers and local data collectors were trained in using the paper-form to report accidents at sea. Real case scenarios were used as examples. The MMAF staff at Kupang district-level will undertake this exercise in the two other districts, Alor and Rote Ndao district, as soon as the reporting system is operational. Four participants from the ToT took part in the training activities.


The following recommendations were made at the village data collector training:

Define the roles in the organisation, - who should be responsible for accident data collection in the pilot districts at local, district DKP and at the NTT provincial DKP level;

Start to collect data on historical accidents to practice use of of the form; and,

In case of new accidents;

- collect data, and try to complete the form; and,

- call the contact person at the DKP.

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4 TIMOR-LESTE:

Figure 6 RFLP pilot areas in Timor-Leste

Oecussi District

Dili District

Bobanaro District

Covalima District

Baucau District

Timor-Leste is a small island country with a coastline of 700 km, and a population of 1.1 million people.

The accident reporting system will be tested in the 5 RFLP districts in Timor-Leste before later being implemented in all districts.


The national workshop was conducted in Dili, Timor-Leste, 28-29 October 2010. With participants from the ministry of fisheries, maritime authorities, representatives from district and local levels, marine police, fishers and fisher organizations, and NGOs, in all 46 participants, of which 41 were men and 5 were women.

The same three main topics were also discussed during this workshop, 1) Organization Structure; 2) Sustainability of the Reporting Systems; and 3) Training Needs and Awareness Raising.

The workshop contained both technical presentations and group work to come up with recommendations for the implementation of the reporting system. The reporting

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system is being implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries/ National Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture (MAF/NDFA). The focal point at the MAF is Mr. Constancio dos Santos Silva, MAF/NDFA.

The following reporting structure was agreed with the Ministry of Fisheries in Timor-Leste.

Figure 7 Reporting structure agreed for Timor-Leste.


The following recommendations were presented at the national workshop in October 2010.

Establish the agreed reporting structure;


Identify training needs;


Collect historical/new data on accidents; and

Feedback on the implementation process.

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The Training of Trainers workshop in Timor-Leste was conducted in Dili between 7 and 11 February 2011. Participants were from the Ministry of Fisheries, District Fisheries Officers, municipal police, extensionists, fishers and fisher organizations. There were a total of 40 participants, of which 4 were women.

The group was much larger than in Cambodia and Indonesia, so the training was tailored to the size of the group. The focus was on filling in the paper-form of the reporting system. The District Fisheries Officers (DFO) were trained on using the Excel-form, with support from the other participants. Also here the use of case scenarios and role plays were used to give a more realistic environment.

A detailed report will be submitted by SSPA Sweden, but the final recommendations are summarised below.


The following recommendations were agreed at the ToT workshop in Dili:

To test the accident reporting system in the 5 RFLP districts, using a simplified reporting form at the local level, the paper-form at the district level and the Excel-form at the national level;

Collect historical data in 2-3 of the RFLP project districts, to get information on the frequency of the accidents at sea. This will also give the DFOs and Extension officers a chance to practise the newly acquired knowledge as well as to increase the awareness of accident reporting;

More training is recommended for key staff within the Fisheries Department that will use the Excel-version of the reporting system. The next training session should be 2-3 month later (April- May 2011), assuming the piloting activities have been implemented. 10-days of hands-on training and support in the Dili office was proposed for the national staff;

There is a need for national follow-up after 6 months, or even earlier, to make sure that reporting is being conducted correctly and to see if there is need for improvement and/or revision. This could be combined with the activity above;

There is also assumed to be a need for technical support when it is time for annual reporting and to ensure that the right conclusions and recommendations are made for future safety at sea work and training;

In Timor-Leste, there may be a need at the local level for an even simpler paper form for reporting accidents, with just 4-6 basic boxes; e.g. date, place, number of fatalities, ID number/owner, home port, contact details and maybe one for describing the accident scenario in words. Such a simple form for accident reporting could preferably be printed on the back of the info leaflet;

In addition to the above mentioned simpler form, a simple one page reporting aid should be included in the Fisher Group log book;

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Develop information sheets containing the lists from the excel database, to be used in the field when interviewing fishers. In the future the lists could also be developed with pictures to illustrate equipment, type of fisheries, local boats, etc;

Include data collection on accidents at sea in the job descriptions of DFOs, Extension officers and key staff at the NDFA; and,

Ensure resources are available for the preparation of posters, leaflets, and other illustrative information material.


The Village data collector training on accident at sea reporting in Timor-Leste was conducted in Baucau, 14-15 February 2011. All 40 participants from the ToT training also attended the village data collector training.

The district fisheries officers (DFO), extensionists, and Chief of Fishers practised their skills in filling in the accident reporting form, interviewing local fishers on real accident cases in Baucau and neighbouring fishing villages.


The following were recommended at the workshop:

Reports shall be made even if there is doubt as to whether an incident actually qualifies as an accident. Eventual filtering of data will be done on national level;

Reporting in electronic form will most probably only be applicable on national level. The paper form will be used at all lower levels; and,

A purpose designed poster should be used to spread information on the importance of accident reporting at the local level.

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5 GUIDELINES FOR ACCIDENT REPORTING One of the objectives of the implementation of accident reporting systems in the three countries was to test the Draft Guidelines to competent authorities in implementing an accident reporting and analysis systems for small fishing vessels, hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines.

The Guidelines present a time line for implementation of accident reporting systems divided into 5 phases:

Planning [3-6 months];

Preparation [6-12 months];

Operation [12-24 months];

Follow-up [12-18 months]; and,

Analysis and mitigation.

This pilot activity with RFLP covers the first two phases, i.e. Planning and Preparation, in total 9 18 months. The RFLP activity was conducted over a 5 month period. The conclusion was that the RFLP operational time line was too short to allow full planning and preparation phases including translation and printing of material. However the time line in the Guidelines is more realistic and can probably be implemented without major obstacles.

The Figure 8 below shows the recommended time line from the Guidelines.

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Figure 8 Time line from the Guidelines (SSPA 2010).

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6 REPORTING FORMS

6.1 SIMPLE-FORM

An even more simple form for reporting accidents at sea can be used if needed. The simplified form in Figure 9 below was developed for Timor-Leste and could also be used in other countries.

Figure 9 Example of simple-form developed for Timor-Leste.

The simple-form should be included in the next version of the Guidelines.

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6.2 PAPER-FORM

This section presents suggestions to improve the paper-form.

Under section 2, Particulars of fishing vessel: Move the box Type of boat to the right side of the form, to be filled in for a detailed analysis. The box Type could be illustrated with photos of typical boats in the country, see appendix 2.

Under section 3, Onboard equipment. Use FAO wording for the box type of Fishing gear (FAO website), with illustrations as a guide. See figures below from the FAO FI website

Figure 10 Figures to illustrate fishing gear (FAO website).

http://www.fao.org/fi/website/FISearchAction.do?dslist=geartype&lixsl=webapps/figis/shared/xsl/search_result.xsl&kw[0]=name&kv[0]=surrounding+nets&refxml=truehttp://www.fao.org/fi/website/FISearchAction.do?dslist=geartype&lixsl=webapps/figis/shared/xsl/search_result.xsl&kw[0]=name&kv[0]=seine+nets&refxml=truehttp://www.fao.org/fi/website/FISearchAction.do?dslist=geartype&lixsl=webapps/figis/shared/xsl/search_result.xsl&kw[0]=name&kv[0]=trawl&refxml=truehttp://www.fao.org/fi/website/FISearchAction.do?dslist=geartype&lixsl=webapps/figis/shared/xsl/search_result.xsl&kw[0]=name&kv[0]=dredges&refxml=truehttp://www.fao.org/fi/website/FISearchAction.do?dslist=geartype&lixsl=webapps/figis/shared/xsl/search_result.xsl&kw[0]=name&kv[0]=hooks&refxml=truehttp://www.fao.org/fi/website/FISearchAction.do?dslist=geartype&lixsl=webapps/figis/shared/xsl/search_result.xsl&kw[0]=name&kv[0]=traps&refxml=truehttp://www.fao.org/fi/website/FISearchAction.do?dslist=geartype&lixsl=webapps/figis/shared/xsl/search_result.xsl&kw[0]=name&kv[0]=falling+gear&refxml=truehttp://www.fao.org/fi/website/FISearchAction.do?dslist=geartype&lixsl=webapps/figis/shared/xsl/search_result.xsl&kw[0]=name&kv[0]=entangling&refxml=truehttp://www.fao.org/fi/website/FISearchAction.do?dslist=geartype&lixsl=webapps/figis/shared/xsl/search_result.xsl&kw[0]=name&kv[0]=lift+nets&refxml=truehttp://www.fao.org/fi/website/FISearchAction.do?dslist=geartype&lixsl=webapps/figis/shared/xsl/search_result.xsl&kw[0]=name&kv[0]=grappling&refxml=truehttp://www.fao.org/fi/website/FISearchAction.do?dslist=geartype&lixsl=webapps/figis/shared/xsl/search_result.xsl&kw[0]=name&kv[0]=harvesting+machines&refxml=true

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Figures, illustrations and photos could be used for the training manual on accident reporting, especially for type of boat, fishing gear, equipment, and type of accident. Below are some examples of photos and illustrations,

Example of boat types in Cambodia:

Long stern Short stern etc.

Navigational equipment:

Sea Chart Compass GPS

Safety equipment:

Life Jacket Cell phone VHF-radio

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Other equipment:

Use the checklist developed by the South Pacific Communities (SPC), below.

Figure 11 Poster on safety equipment produced by SPC, could be used to identify what equipment was on board at the time of the accident.

Kindly respect the copyright rules when using illustrations/photos above.

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6.3 EXCEL-FORM

Suggestions for improvements of the Excel-form.

Under section 3, Onboard equipment. Use FAO wording for the dropdown list of Fishing gear (FAO website), with illustrations as proposed above in the training manual. See proposed dropdown below.

Fishing Gear

Surrounding Nets

Seine Nets

Trawls

Dredges

Hooks and Lines

Lift Nets

Falling Gear

Gillnets and entangling nets

Traps

Grappling and Wounding

Harvesting machines

Figure 12 The drop-down list for Fishing Gear in the Excel-form, and paper-form.

Another option that has been discussed during the implementation of the Excel database and reporting form, is a web-interface using html form and when the information is typed into the html-form it is automatically transferred into the Excel-database. This might be an option for the next stage of development.

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7 CONCLUSION Conclusions from the National workshops, the Training of Trainers workshops and the Village data collector training on accident at sea reporting have already been presented in the various reports of each workshop.

The conclusions below should be seen as additional to the conclusions presented after each of the workshops in the three countries.

7.1 CAMBODIA

Cambodia has a relatively short coast line of approximately 435 km, with four provinces, and 40 coastal fishing villages.

The country has well established governmental structures that have the capacity to implement an accident reporting system. Key persons at government level have been identified and they are committed to do the work.

Cambodia has only approximately 8,600 fishing vessels, according to 2010 statistics (Kim Chhea, 2010).

With approximately 10,000 fishers (FAO Country profile) and a fatality rate between 80-200/100,000 fishers we can assume that 8 - 20 fishers die every year. The number of accidents reported however will be greater, as most accidents are without fatal consequences.

The time between the National workshop in Cambodia (8-9 November 2010) and the Training of Trainers (ToT) workshop (29 November 3 December 2010) was too short. There was insufficient time for planning, preparation and translation.

7.2 INDONESIA

Indonesia has a very long coastline, approximately 54,700 km (Wikipedia), with about 17,500 islands (Wikipedia) depending on the tidal level.

The administrative body, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF), which is implementing the accident reporting system, is well established. The accident reporting system will be tested in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) province, and the reporting structure will be established under the Directorate of Fishing Business Development, within the Directorate General of Capture Fisheries.

Approximately 1.2 million fishers (FAO 2006) are involved full-time in marine capture fisheries. With a fatality rate of 80 200 / 100,000 fishers we can assume that about 1,000 to 2,400 fishers die every year in Indonesia.

Recent figures below from MMAF (MMAF/KKP July 2009) confirm the calculation above.

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Name of Fishing Port

Sub number of killed fishermen Sub number of killed fishermen per 100.000 fishermen

Tegal 23 from 18.675 123

Pekalongan 12 from26.198 46

Cilacap 35 from 14.046 249

SUMMARY 70 from 58.919 119

Table 1 Accident rates from selected fishing ports in Indonesia (MMAF/KKP 2009).

7.3 TIMOR-LESTE

Timor-Leste is a small island country with a coastline of 700 km, and a total population of approximately 1.1 million people. Most fishers in Timor-Leste are living on the island of Atauro, north of the capital Dili, in Dili district.

The country has a limited number of fishing vessels and fishers, approximately 5,2001 fishers (Timor-Leste stat. 2010) involved in marine capture fisheries. With a fatality rate between 80-200 / 100,000 fishers we can assume that 4-10 fishers will die every year.

A vessel register is to be implemented in Timor-Leste soon. This will be useful for the accident reporting system, since all vessels will be registered with an ID-number, boat type, propulsion, length, owner, etc.

A logbook for fishers or fisher groups has been developed and is about to be revised after a trial period. It would be very useful to include a page in the beginning of the logbook on accident reporting, with the same main headings as in the simple-form.

It is rather difficult to travel by road from Dili, on the north coast, to the fishing villages on the south coast of the island. The only rescue boat is stationed in Dili and does not have the capacity to go around the island to conduct search and rescue (SAR) operations.

The box under section 2, Particulars of fishing vessel, Type of boat, on the accident reporting form, was confusing for the users. The idea with this box is to give the opportunity to fill in a local, traditional, name of a boat type. In Timor-Leste there were no local, traditional or local names.

7.4 OVER ALL CONCLUSIONS

The accident reporting system can be implemented in all the three countries, as long as the implementing organisations are committed to doing so.

1 Statistics from the National workshop report, December 2010.

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It will be very useful to do a quick estimation of what type of accidents are occurring and at what frequency, so that the design and structure of the reporting system can be adjusted slightly if necessary. Reporting structures have to be adjusted to the size of the country. For a small country the reporting structure can be very simple, with only an intermediate steps. A smaller country, with a limited number of accidents, like Timor-Leste can use a more simplified accident reporting form at the village level and only use the Excel accident reporting form at the national level.

It is important to understand that sea safety has to be improved by mitigating against the causes, by reducing the consequences of each accident and by reducing the probability or frequency of accidents occurring, and that different approaches should be used to address the cause and to lessen both the consequences and frequency of accidents.

The consequences of accidents can be reduced by using life jackets, life rafts, and fire extinguishers, and by better SAR, for example.

The probability or frequency could be reduced by training and awareness, vessel registration and quality control, and improved fisheries management, for example.

Figure 13 Risk matrix showing the risk as a function of probability and consequence.

The Guidelines used for implementing the accident reporting system worked well and need only minor adjustments.

The Training manual developed for the accident reporting system also worked well. It was translated into the local language in all the countries and was used as the main training material. It will also be used for future training in the countries and it will also be used by government officers when filling in the paper- or Excel- versions of the forms.

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8 RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendations from the National workshops, the Training of Trainers (ToT) workshops and the Village data collector training on accident at sea reporting have already been presented in the various reports provided after each workshop.

The recommendations below should be seen as priority recommendations in addition to the recommendations presented after each of the workshops in the three countries.

8.1 CAMBODIA

Data on accidents at sea should be collected monthly or bi-monthly by the responsible provincial staff. Start by collecting historical data to get a good understanding of the type of accidents and frequency.

It is important that all staff involved in the accident reporting system should be committed to do the work.

The Fisheries Administration focal point at national level, should actively search for accidents and encourage staff to report them.

Some reports have already been registered and it is recommended that feedback is provided on possible conclusive analysis to encourage continued reporting and expansion to the remaining districts. Consider the need for follow-up activities 9-12 months after the pilot commences.

8.2 INDONESIA

Test the reporting system in the two selected districts, Kupang district and Kupang municipality. Start with collecting historical data to get a good understanding of the type of accidents and frequency.

Expand later into the two other districts Alor and Rote Ndao districts.

The reports should be forwarded to MMAF in Jakarta, for national compilation. This should be done bi-monthly.

Indonesia is by far the largest of the three countries and it is also likely that it will take longer time to get the system to work. There is a need for strong commitment among the government staff involved in the reporting system.

Provide support and feedback to encourage data collection and accident reporting. Try to organise pilot evaluation and follow-up activities 6-9 month after starting the pilot.

8.3 TIMOR-LESTE

Data on accidents at sea should be collected monthly or bi-monthly by the District Fisheries Officers (DFO). Start with collecting historical data to get a good understanding of the type of accidents and frequency.

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The reporting structure should be kept simple. The simple paper form will be used for village level and DFO reporting, while the Excel-form will only be used at the national level. An example simple reporting form is described above and attached in appendix 3.

A page for accidents at sea should be included near the beginning of the Fishers logbook. This will give a good incentive and reminder to fishers to report accidents. This will also remind the DFO and can be used as an aid every time he is looking at the logbook. Training and education related to the use of the logbook and sea safety could be combined and the costs shared. This is a very good opportunity and should definitely be tested.

8.4 THE DRAFT GUIDELINES

The Guidelines should be updated with examples from the three countries.

Use the experience from the implementation in the three countries to further develop the Draft Guidelines to competent authorities in implementing an accident reporting and analysis systems for small fishing vessels.

8.5 THE REPORTING FORMS

Translate the accident reporting form to local languages. This has been done in some countries, while other countries have decided to keep the English version on national level.

The present Excel-version should be used for the next 4-6 month to get a proper evaluation before any proposed changes are made. After that a final version of the Excel-form and database should be distributed to the three countries for translation if needed, and for local adjustments (district, type of boat, etc.).

A paper-version of the lists should be made available in a form easy to read, see appendix 4, to be used when the paper-form of the accident reports are used.

It is also recommended that one multi-lingual translation list is drafted with all the used languages in a structured way to ensure consistent numbering and translation of all predefined entry options in the form.

8.6 OVER ALL RECOMMENDATIONS

The time between the National workshop and the Training of trainers (ToT) workshop was too short, the recommended time span should be 2-3 months.

Make sure the information about the accident reporting system is distributed to all coastal villages involved in the trial period of the reporting system.

There is a need for continuous support and encouragement during the start-up phase, i.e. approximately the first 6 months.

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The countries will need support to analyse the accidents after 6 months or 1 year. This will be particularly important when deciding how to use the collected and analysed data, to make good decisions for training, awareness, change of management, etc. This could be combined with a follow-up after 4-6 months.

The accident reporting system should also be implemented in the other 3 RFLP countries after the first three countries have been evaluated.

APPENDIX 1. REPORTING FORM

APPENDIX 2. FISHING BOATS

Cambodia:

Typical open single hull boat from Cambodia, called Long stern boat (Photo P. Danielsson).

Typical decked single hull boat from Cambodia, called Short stern boats (Photo P. Danielsson).

Indonesia:

Typical Canoe from Kupang district in Indonesia, (photo: B. Forsman)

Typical decked single hull vessel from Kupang, Indonesia (Photo B. Forsman).

Timor-Leste

Typical outrigger canoe from Timor-Leste, with small outboard engine (Photo P. Danielsson).

Typical outrigger canoe from Timor-Leste, without engine (Photo P. Danielsson).

Transport boats from Timor-Leste (Photo P. Danielsson).

APPENDIX 3. SIMPLE ACCIDENT REPORTING FORM

APPENDIX 4. LISTS TO SUPPORT THE REPORTING FORM

Lists to support easy use of the paper-form could be developed. The example on next page was developed for Timor-Leste.

LISTAS BASIC PART 1 Asidente akontese

tuku hira no iha ne'eb:

2 Informasaun espesifiku kona-ba r:

Tipu area Tipu Dezenu Propulsaun Materil R-lolon

1 lahatene 1 lahatene 1 lahatene 1 lahatene 1 lahatene

2 iha portu 2 r-ikun naruk 2 bero 2 uza de'it ai-hean- 2 ai

3 iha tasi, besik tasi-ibun 3 r-ikun badak 3 r-usa liman propulsaun la iha 3 frp/grp (plastiku)

4 iha illas kiik oan, delta 4 r-liman la 4 bero-au 3 laan 4 besi

5 iha tasi, < 5 nm usa liman 5 r-lolon nakloke 4 motor monta r-liur < 20 hp

5 seluk fali

6 Ita tasi klaran, 5 - 50 nm 5 seluk fali 6 r-lolon nakloke ho konves sorin de'it

7 iha oseanu >50 nm 5 motor monta r-liur > 20 hp

7 r-lolon ida ho konves

8 catamaran la iha 6 motor 'ketinting' < 20 hp

konves

9 catamaran iha konves 7 motor 'Ketinting' > 20 h

10 trimaran la iha konves

11 trimaran iha konves 8 motor iha r-laran < 20 hp

12 seluk fali

9 motor iha r-laran > 20 hp

3 Ekipamentu iha r- ba komunikasaun, navegasaun, peguransa pesol no salvavida:

4 Tipu asidente

Ekipamentu ba Navegasaun Seguransa Tipu asidente Atividade Kondisaun peska Pesol todan 1 lahatene 1 lahatene 1 lahatene 1 Lahatene 1 lahatene 1 lahatene 2 suru ikan ho 2 la iha 2 la iha 2 Xoke malu 2 Iha portu 2 r la todan, rede boot 3 mapa tasi-nian 3 kolete-salvavida 3 hetan xoke 3 hatuun mamuk 3 rede 4 bsola 4 Radiu VHF 4 kontaktu ho hela ankor 3 r todan 4 kail-inan no 5 navegador GPS 5 telefone HP buat ruma fixo 4 tranzitu sorin de'it talin 6 Mapa tasi-nian 6 kolete-salvavida 5 kona-rai 5 peska hela 4 r nakonu 5 talin naruk no bsola no radiu 6 lerek hela seluk fali no todan (long line) 7 mapa tasi-nian 7 Kolete salvavida 7 ahi han, motor,

6 Bubu no GPS no telefone HP tanke gazoleu

7 Mergulu (luku) 8 bsola no GPS 8 Radiu VHF no 8 ahi han, area

8 seluk fali 9 mapa tasi- telefone HP ba tein

nian, bsola 9 Kolete salvavida, 9 rebenta no GPS radiu VHF no 10 r sai nakonu

telefone HP ho be

11 r nakfila

12 r-lolon sia fraku tiha 13 lakon propulsaun 14 ema monu ba tasi laran 15 kanek 16 na'ok teen tasi 17 r lakon tiha 18 seluk fali

LISTAS BASIC PART

5 Kauza asidente- kauza bziku no kondisaun mai hosi liur: 6 Asaun salvasaun- asistnsia, no Operasaun Buska:

7 Konsekunsia ikus liu

Kauza asidente- kauza bziku no kondisaun mai hosi liur

Vizibilidade Tempu, anin Asistnsia R

1 lahatene 1 lahatene 1 lahatene 1 lahatene 1 lahatene 2 sala navegasaun 2 loron 2 kalma 2 la hetan

asistnsia, 2 r mout tiha,

3 fusik 3 kalan boot 3 anin no laloran halo rasik labele salva servisu/servisu 4 haree mos boot uituan 3 asistnsia hosi r 3 r mout tiha, la sufisente 5 menus 4 anin boot, tasi pesca seluk mas salva fali 4 sala ema-nian 6 vizibilidade, boot 4 Asistnsia hosi r 4 r nakfila maib seluk fali abuabu, 5 tasi boot liu, seluk namlele hela, 5 ema tau matan udan anin boot liu 5 Asistnsia hosi to'o salva tiha la sufisiente 6 siklaun, anin unidade SAR 5 r nakfila maib 6 gazoleu mamuk fuik, furakaun namlele hela, tiha tufaun mas lakon tiha 7 r todan 7 fenomenu 6 salva r demais seluk estrenu 7 salva r mas iha 8 ekipamentu ba estragus peska bobar 8 r lakon tiha malu 9 namdoras to'o 10 Rapporteur no monu avaliasaun 10 sala operasional seluk ruma kualidade 11 falla motor Estatutu 12 falla kamudi Relatriu 13 sasan tama elise/ tali bobar 1 testu elise 2 preliminaria 14 be tama iha r tanba kuak 3 final, avalia 15 falla estrutura tiha ona 16 falla eletriku/ ahi mate 4 final, xave 17 gazoleu tun tiha tiha 18 falla tekniku seluk ruma 19 asaun hosi r seluk 20 tempu aat liu 21 kauza hosi seluk ruma

LISTAS ADVANCED PART

3 Ekipamentu iha r- ba komunikasaun, navegasaun, peguransa pesol no salvavida: Ekipamentu seluk fali 1 Ekipamentu seluk fali 2 Ekipamentu emerjnsia R namlele-belek ne'eb utiliza bainhira nakoni ho be 1 Radiu 14 bero salvavida 1 lahatene 1 lahatene 2 EPIRB 15 survival suites 2 la iha 2 stays afloat built in 3 radar 16 boia salvavida 3 Radiu VHF flotation members 4 radar reflector 17 Buat seluk namlele- 4 EPIRB 3 Material halo r 5 Lampada buska belek 5 Telefone HP namlele-belek 6 Lampada 18 Paison/'Petasan' 6 kolete salvavida 4 mout bainhira nakonu 7 anti-collision strobe 18 sinal luminozu 7 bero salvavida ho be light 20 Sinal ai-suar 8 lampada 8 ankor no talin 21 estintor ahi 9 paison/'petasan' 9 talin hodi dada r 22 kaixa-besi (alat) 10 Ai-kose boot(petasan) 10 bomba hasai be hosi r, 23 Alat hodi hadi'ak ro- 11 sinal ai-suar resipiente hodi hasai be lolon 12 estintor ahi hosi r 24 parte reserva ba motor 13 seluk fali 11 ai-hean 25 ai-han 12 leen emerjnsia 26 be moos 13 gazoleu reserva 5 kondisaun esternu ka kondisaun mai hosi liur. Fatr sira neeb kontribui ba no kauza bziku asidente-nian: Fator ema-nian Operasaun. Padraun Tekniku Fator mai hosi liur Organizasaun 1 lahatene 1 lahatene 1 lahatene 1 lahatene 2 la iha kontribuisaun 2 la iha kontribuisaun 2 la involve padraun 2 la iha kontribuisaun ema-nian operasaun. tekniku 3 estrese ekonomiku 3 estrese Organizasaun 3 fallansi ekipamentu 4 informasaun sala hosi 4 servisu halo kolen 3 la iha kompetensia navegasaun tasi-ibun. Portu demails natoon 4 bomba hasai be hosi r 5 hosi r seluk 5 sai moras iha tasi laran 4 la komprende situasaun la servisu 6 dalan r-nian fuik 6 alkol/ droga 5 liu kapasidade r, 5 batteria la sufisiente 7 anin boot 7 la konprende kona-ba operasaun liur 6 motor manas demais 8 korente fuik seguransa pesoal 6 laiha protesaun pesoal 7 soldajen 8 la tau matan di'ak natoon 8 ekipamentu ba peska 9 halo sala ruma 7 halai lailais liu falla tiha 8 mapa tasi-nian la validu 9 manutensaun la sufisiente 10 r la prontu ba tasi 11 korrozaun, haktohik 12 konstrisaun la di'ak 13 sala iha desenu 14 instala forsa motor boot demais

LISTAS ADVANCED PART

6 Asaun salvasaun- asistnsia, no Operasaun Buska: Tipu asistensia Modu aviza 1 lahatene 1 lahatene 2 hadi'ak 2 hatudu ka ko'alia sa'e 3 gazleu reserva 3 avisa liu hosi halo xamada ho 4 dada r telefone HP 5 Salvasaun/ evakuasaun 4 Avisa ho Radio VHF 6 Evakua tiha ema ne'eb hetan 5 Halo Xamada hosi kanek 6 xamada hosi familia iha tasi- 7 asistnsia medikal ibun

7 Konsekunsia ikus liu: Meiu-ambiente 1 lahatene 2 gazleu la nakfakar ba tasi 3 gazleu uitoan nakfakar ba tasi 4 gazleu barak nakfakar ba tasi 5 seluk fali

Final_Report_IC_2011_vers51 INTRODUCTION2 CAMBODIA:2.1 NATIONAL WORKSHOP2.1.1 Recommendations

2.2 TRAINING OF TRAINERS WORKSHOP2.2.1 Recommendations

2.3 VILLAGE DATA COLLECTOR TRAINING2.3.1 Recommendations

3 INDONESIA:3.1 NATIONAL WORKSHOP3.1.1 Recommendations



4 TIMOR-LESTE:4.1 NATIONAL WORKSHOP4.1.1 Recommendations



5 GUIDELINES FOR ACCIDENT REPORTING6 REPORTING FORMS6.1 SIMPLE-FORM6.2 PAPER-FORM6.3 EXCEL-FORM

7 CONCLUSION8 RECOMMENDATIONS8.1 CAMBODIA8.4 THE DRAFT GUIDELINES8.5 THE REPORTING FORMS

Lists_2b_laminated

Documents

Final Report from the implementation of accident … Report from the implementation of accident reporting systems in Cambodia, Indonesia, and Timor-Leste 1 October, 2010 -28 February