Final Report 2006

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The only North American Model Parliament

Mexican Senate, Mexico22 to 26 of May 2006

Final Report

Mexican SenateJuly 17th 2006

4519, rue St-Denis, Montral (Qubec) Canada, H2J 2L4Tl. : (514) 844-8030 | Tlc. : (514) 844-2030

[email protected] | www.fina-nafi.org


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The Mexican Senate transformsitself into a North Americanparliament

The North American Forum on Integration isproud to present the results of the Triumvirate, thesecond North American parliamentary simulation,which took place from May 22nd to 26th, in the Some participants in the official Senate ChamberMexican Senate.

In this report you will find some memories of the weeks intense moments. Wecongratulate all the participants for their enthusiasm and excellent work. They allowedthis experience to be extremely enriching not only for themselves but also for the NAFIteam.

More than sixty Canadian, Mexican and Americanuniversity students, representing legislators fromfederated and federal states, gathered for a week tosimulate a parliament assembly. The participantsproposed different solutions to various NorthAmerican issues ranging from academic mobility,immigration, the creation of an Investment fundto NAFTAs dispute settlement mechanismsFrom left to right: Dr. Roberto Rueda Ochoa,

Senator Enrique Jackson and NAFIs Director of Chapter 19.Christine Frchette

Intense debates and negotiations during the political commissions and the plenarysessions resulted in the presentation of four resolutions, three of which were adoptedby the general assembly on Friday morning. The final resolutions are available on ourinternet site (www.fina-nafi.org).

The presence of legislators, journalists andlobbyists allowed for enriching debates and gavethe event a touch of authenticity. The journalists,despite their very short nights sleep,accomplished tremendous work, ensuring thedaily publication of the TrilatHerald, whichreports the simulations developments. You cango over the TrilatHerald editions on our web siteunder the media link. The lobbyists alsoaccomplished a lot, advancing their positions tolegislators and gaining support for the mandates ofrespective organizations. Their reports are available here below.

their Plenary Session, vote on resolutions

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The success of this event is attributable to our precious

ome of you might have watched therk sessions over

he Triumvirate is honoured to have received such distinguished conference speakers

e thank our sponsors, the International

e hope to see you again next year for a third edition of the Triumvirate, which will

orth-Americanly yours,

hristine Frchettee Director

te Coordinator and Project Manager

collaboration with the Mexican Senate and the Presidentof the Permanent Commission, Senator Enrique Jacksonas well as the continuing support of the TEC deMonterrey-Estado de Mexico. Thank you!

Sretransmission of the Triumvirate woInterview of a participant by a

televisionstation the Canal del Congreso Mexicano.

Tsuch as Sen. Enrique Jackson, President of the Permanent Commission, Amb. AndrsRozental, President of the Mexican Council on Foreign Relations (Comexi), Amb.Gatan Lavertu, Canadian Ambassador to Mexico, Dr. Roberto Rueda Ochoa, Dean ofthe TEC de Monterrey-Estado de Mexico and Mr. Douglas Fortney, Chief Representativein Export Development Canada Mexico. We thank them for having shared their

expertise and experience with the participants. Their speeches allowed students tobetter understand the context and constraints facing North American partners indealing with trilateral issues.

WDevelopment Research Center (IDRC), theOffice Qubec-Amriques pour la jeunesse(OQAJ), the Ministre des Relationsinternationales du Qubec, ExportDevelopment Canada (EDC), the Embassy ofthe United States of America in Canada, theEmbassy of Canada in Mexico, theGovernment of British-Columbia, the NorthAmerican Development Bank, the Secrtariat la jeunesse du gouvernement du Qubecand the Mexican Council on Foreign Relations for rendering the organization of the

Plenary Session

second edition of the Triumvirate possible.

Wtake place this time in the United States of America.

NCPresident ExecutivCline Roche-Crespo, TriumviraMlissa Jean-Brousseau, Project ManagerLouis-Philippe Jannard, Project Manager

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Participants Comments

Awesome experience, it was a great opportunity tolearn and live politics. - Simon Fraser University

Overall this was an AMAZING experience THANKYOU!!! - American University

Honestly it was an experience of a lifetime. I was able

to see the world through the eyes of others. Thisexperience has changed my view of the world and hasopened my eyes to the possibility of changes. Thisexperience has made me believe that changes canhappen if we all work together.- University of Arizona

Me parece que es un excelente

evento y claramente supero misexpectativas. - Universidad de Monterrey

En general, disfrut y estoy muy feliz de haber participado y dehaber tenido esta experiencia. -UQAM

Ce fut une exprience inoubliable. -UQAM

I learned a great deal and was motivated to learn more aboutNA integration and diplomacy. A highly valued experience. - Carleton University

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cin. TEC de Monterrey

Es un evento que en rde Integraci

- TEC de Monterrey

fico trato que los

niversidad de Monterrey

was nice to get the story from those who are working onse topics.

- University of Arizona

a in MexicoMr. Gatan Lavertu

Excellent forum, a great experience for all andincredibly inspiring. - Carleton University

Me ha gustado muchsimo la experiencia que hevivido. Ahora entiendo con mayor claridad elproblema de la migra-

ealidad transmite un sentimienton Norteamericana.

El evento super ampliamente misexpectativas, me encuentro bastante contentacon la organizacin y planeacin, y muyagradecida por el magnparticipantes recibimos. - U

The conference speakers worked on a daily basis trying tobuild a better and stronger North American Continent. It

the

Ambassador of Canad

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A Few Interesting Statistics

Sen. Enrique Jackson, President of the Permanent Commission Amb. Andrs Rozental, President of the Comexi

98% of participants thought the debated 95% of participants thoughtthemes were pertinent or very pertinent. the choice of speakers was good

or very good

98%of participants thought the hotel was 85% of participants wish toan excellent or good choice. participate in next years

Triumvirate.

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Triumvirate Schedule

SundayMay 21

Gran HotelCiudad de

Mxico

MondayMay 22Senate

TuesdayMay 23Senate

WednesdayMay 24

TorreCaballito

ThursdayMay 25

Senate andTEC

FridayMay 26Senate

9h00 11h30

NAFIsinformation

session

11h45-13h00

Election ofcommissions

presidentsand

secretaries

4 politicalcommissions

4 politicalcommissions

Plenarysession:

(Presentationof the

resolutions)

Plenarysession:

(Votes onthe final

resolutions)

Lunch

13h00 14h30

Lunchconferencewith Sen.EnriqueJackson,

President ofthe

PermanentCommissionXicotncatl

Patio Central

Lunchconferencewith Amb.

AndrsRozental,

President ofthe ComexiCasa de los

Azulejos

Lunch

conferencewith the

Ambassadorof Canada in

MexicoMr. Gatan

Lavertu,Edificio Torre

Caballito :

Lunch in the

TEC deMonterrey,

CampusEstado de

Mxico, withthe Rector

Dr. RobertoRueda Ochoa13h30 15h

Lunchconference

with Mr.DouglasFortney,RegionalManager,

EDCDoncelesComedorGeneral

14h30-15h30

Caucus percountry

15h30-17h30

Arrival of

participantsat the hotel

4 political

commissions

4 political

commissions

Caucus percountry

15h -15h45

17h30 18h30

Registration ofparticipants17h 19h30

Plenarysession Caucus per

countryCaucus per

countryLobbying

15h45 19h

Plenarysession

- Currenteventsdebate

- AwardCeremony

EveningWelcoming

cocktail at thehotel

18h 19h30

Diner Diner Diner Diner Diner

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Triumvirates ParticipantsDelegates Status Country/State/Province Commission Role

Guillaume Lavoie Federated Arkansas - Speaker

Genevive King-Ruel Federal USA Migration Flows Legislator

Sbastien Lucero Federal USA Migration FlowsLegislator

Myriam-Zaa Normandin Federal USA Migration Flows Legislator

Christiane Brub Federated Estado de Mexico Migration FlowsSecretary com. Migration

Flows

Sonia Bouffard Federal Mexico Migration Flows Legislator

Paulina Alvarado Fernndez Federated Pennsylvania Migration Flows Legislator

Melissa Jamn Beyer Federated Tennessee Migration FlowsChairperson com.Migration Flows

Ada Crystal Gavia Federated Puebla Migration Flows Legislator

Mario Riojas Federated Sonora Migration Flows Legislator

Arlette Aldape Federal Canada Migration Flows Legislator

Oscar David Rivera Fedrated Alberta Migration FlowsLegislator

Yunun Rivera Federated Texas Migration Flows Legislator

D. Clifton Mark Federated Arizona Mobility Legislator

Akram Saidy Federal USA MobilityChairperson com.

Mobility

Catherine Drouin Federated Estado de Mexico Mobility Secretary com. Mobility

Annie Mathieu Federal USA Mobility Legislator

Krista Lopes Federal Mexico Mobility Legislator

Brian Yaeck Federated California Mobility Legislator

Victoria Avila Federated New York Mobility Legislator

Jose Rodriguez Federated Mexico DF MobilityRepresentative of

Mexican federated states

Gabriela Cantn Santana Federal Canada Mobility Vice-Speaker

Silvia Adriana Snchez de laRosa Federated Ontario Mobility Legislator

Sergio Hinostroza Federated British-Columbia Mobility

Representative ofCanadian federated

states

Lizzeth Pilar Snchez Islas Federated Texas Mobility Legislator

Carlo Di Nicola Federal USA Investment Chairperson USA caucus

Jorge Andrs Rave Federal USA InvestmentLegislator

Marla Martnez Carlos Federated New Mexico Investment Legislator

Asdrubal Fernandez Romero Federal Mexico Investment Legislator

Lucina E. Ramos Federated New York InvestmentRepresentative of USA

federated states

Georgina de la Fuente Federated Washington DC Investment

Legislator

Stephanie Loya Federated Chihuahua Investment Legislator

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Delegates Status Country/State/Province Commission Role

Gerardo Rodriguez Federal Mexico Investment

Secretary com.Investment/Chairperson

Mexican caucus

Daniel Cmara Avalos Federal Canada Investment

Representative of theCanadian federal

parliamentIvan Farias Federated Quebec Investment Legislator

Legislator

Dafne Carmina Tovar Muiz Federated Texas Investment Legislator

Celestine Johnson Federated Chiapas InvestmentChairperson com.

Investment

Jess Francisco Chairez Federated New York Dispute Legislator

Merouan Mekouar Federal USA Dispute Legislator

Gabriel Goyette Federal USA Dispute Legislator

Elisa Michelle Clavier Federal USA Dispute Legislator

Lindsay Zibrik Federated California Dispute Legislator

Lisa Baroldi Federal Mexico Dispute Legislator

Matthew Pattinson Federated Oregon Dispute Legislator

Paul Mailhot Federal USA DisputeRepresentative of theUSA federal congress

Jayme Walker Federal Mexico Dispute Legislator

Frank Flores Federated Nuevo Leon Dispute Legislator

Blayne Haggart Federal Mexico Dispute

Chairperson com.Dispute/Representativeof the Mexican federal

congress

Anallie Monroy Federal Canada Dispute Legislator

Juan Antonio CarrinAlvarez Federal Canada Dispute

Secretary com. Disputeand

Chairperson Canadiancaucus

Angel Rubicell Morales Lpez Federated Ontario Dispute Legislator

Annie Baxter Federated Baja California Norte Dispute Legislator

Guillermo Recio Guajardo Journalist - - Photographer/Journalist

Joanna Baron Journalist - - Journalist

Jean Franois Bouthillette Journalist - - Editor-in-chief

Joffre LeBlanc Journalist - - Photographer/Journalist

Paulina Collazo Nuez Journalist - - Journalist

Tyson Sadler Lobbyist - -Americans for Legal

Immigration

Flor Gonzalez Lobbyist - - Human Rights Watch

Paola Pino Lobbyist -Canadian American

Business Council

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REPORTE DE LA COMISIN SOBRE LOSFLUJOS MIGRATORIOS

La primera sesin de la Comisin sobre los FlujosMigratorios reunida en el marco del Segundo

Triunvirato estuvo enfocada al establecimientode normas bsicas de procedimiento para regularla interaccin ordenada entre los legisladorespresentes. La Comisin consider imperativoestablecer dicho reglamento, debido a la imposibilidad de comenzar a discutir de manerafluida los aspectos sustanciales del Anteproyecto de Resolucin sin la existencia de unorden en el debate. Debido a una dilacin por el gran nmero de propuestas diversas entorno al modus operandi que deba adoptarse, la Presidenta determin que un conjuntode reglas bsicas seran elaboradas por ella y por la Secretaria en horas extras a la sesin,y que seran presentadas como primer punto de la agenda de la segunda sesin para sersujetas a aprobacin por parte de los legisladores presentes.

Una vez establecidas y aprobadas las Reglas de Procedimiento Internas de la Comisinsobre los Flujos Migratorios, en la segunda sesin inici oficialmente el debate decontenido en torno al Anteproyecto. Por consenso alcanzado durante una sesin cortade debate inmoderado, se determin que el Anteproyecto que nos haba sido presentadotocaba demasiados aspectos de una manera vaga y superficial, y que por ende, si sematerializaba la creacin de la propuesta Comisin Norteamericana sobre los FlujosMigratorios (Captulo 3 del Anteproyecto de Resolucin) se traducira en un rgano pordems ineficiente, costoso y burocrtico. Por lo tanto, se decidi proponer unaenmienda que fue aprobada por los legisladores presentes, para sustituir dicha ComisinNorteamericana sobre los Flujos Migratorios por un Comit de Trabajo Norteamericano

sobre los Flujos Migratorios (CTNFM), con funciones y mandato ms reducido perocuyos costos operativos seran menores y por lo tanto, su eficiencia sera mayor.

Hacia el final de la tercera sesin, se desat una fuerte confusin en torno a lascompetencias de la Comisin de Migracin que conformbamos los legisladorespresentes, con las del rgano que propusimos crear (CTNFM). Como respuesta a esto,los delegados federales de los Estados Unidos propusieron una enmienda a la forma de laresolucin en donde se estableca la creacin del CTNFM en el captulo 3 del nuevoAnteproyecto, as como la formulacin de recomendaciones directas e independientes alCTNFM a las legislaturas de los tres pases representados por parte de la Comisinsobre los Flujos Migratorios, y no del CTNFM- en los subsecuentes captulos 4, 5 y 6. Sinembargo, la delegacin mexicana, encabezada por la delegada federal de Mxico SoniaBouffard, manifest constantemente su inconformidad con la adopcin de dichoesquema para el nuevo Anteproyecto de Resolucin, y propona, por el contrario, quetodas las recomendaciones se hicieran dentro del marco, competencia y funciones delnuevo Comit de Trabajo Norteamericano sobre los Flujos Migratorios.

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Debido al desacuerdo de la delegacin mexicana con la nueva forma que habra dedrsele al Anteproyecto, gran parte de las recomendaciones incluidas en los captulos 4,5 y 6 no fueron aprobadas por Mxico dentro de la Comisin. No obstante, debido a unamayora conformada por la suma de los votos de Canad y EUA, la inclusin de dichoscaptulos fue aprobada para el nuevo Anteproyecto de Resolucin. Sin embargo en este

punto del debate (entre las sesiones 4 y 5 de la comisin poltica) el ambiente dentro dela Comisin era muy tenso debido a la imposibilidad de negociar y de alcanzar acuerdos.Afortunadamente, el espritu de cooperacin imper y por iniciativa de varios delegadosde los tres pases se convoc a una sesin extra-oficial durante la hora de la comidaprevia al inicio de la quinta y ltima sesin, en donde se logr finalmente la negociacinde algunos puntos que garantizaban la aprobacin del Anteproyecto en su conjuntodentro de la Comisin.

La quinta sesin de la comisin poltica se enfoc en delimitar las competencias delCTNFM, en pulir las recomendaciones directas de la Comisin hacia las tres legislaturas,contenidas en los captulos 4,5 y 6, y en determinar las partidas de presupuesto que cada

pas deba aportar para la creacin del CTNFM (captulo 7). En este punto del debate, loslegisladores de Mxico y de los Estados Unidos -quienes no haban logrado ponerse deacuerdo en las sesiones previas- finalmente trabajaron en conjunto para aprobar lasenmiendas requeridas.

El ltimo gran debate dentro de la Comisin se suscit debito al voto en contra queobtuvo la resolucin en su conjunto por parte de Canad, siendo que minutos antes, eldelegado federado de Alberta haba participado en un debate inmoderado dondelegisladores de los tres pases negociaron y accedieron al establecimiento de dichosporcentajes. Por ltimo, durante la sesin plenaria de la Asamblea General, algunoslegisladores canadienses mantuvieron la misma postura y vetaron el nuevo

Anteproyecto de Resolucin mediante votos en contra o abstenciones, ocasionando asque el documento elaborado por la Comisin sobre los Flujos Migratorios no fueraaprobado por la Asamblea General del Segundo Triunvirato.

Melissa Jamn BeyerPresident of the Migration Flows Commission

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REPORT OF THE COMMISSION ONACADEMIC MOBILITY IN NORTH AMERICA

Having been elected president of the student

mobility commission on the first day of theTRIUMVIRATE conference, I soon discoveredit would not be an easy job! The commissionsfourteen participants proceeded to go through the proposed draft resolution item byitem, pausing constantly on every important article to elucidate ambiguous or unclearissues. These issues ranged from fundamentally important details to minor bureaucraticand judicial ones.

The commissions participants having thoroughly read, analyzed and prepared theiramendments propositions prior to the first meeting, resulted in a flurry of comments inthe presentation of the draft resolution on the first commission meeting on Monday.

These comments notwithstanding, the commission went through the whole proposeddraft resolution in no time and was ready to tackle the amendment session thefollowing day.

During the first day of amendment propositions (Tuesday), the major schism occurredduring the discussion of article 8 of Section one concerning the North AmericanMobility Program Funding. The three countries delegates attempts to defend theirrespective countries economic interests drove the negotiations off of the path to aprospective consensus. Nevertheless, after a painstaking debate, the three partiesagreed on a funding breakdown where the US would pay 45%, Canada 35%, and Mexico20% of the NAMPs financial support. The financing issue came back to the table of

negotiations during the final plenary session, as proposed by the delegate from Quebec;however the amendment was turned down by the assembly.

Another extremely controversial topic was the NASIC or North American StudentIdentity Card. The NASIC requirement that the mobility student present his biometricdata to the host countrys embassy in order to obtain the mobility I.D card (instead ofan exchange visa) produced a total uprising among the delegates. This biometric datawas seen by some as an unprecedented breach of the students privacy and fundamentalrights. Nonetheless, this thorny problem also found its way to resolution with thedelegates agreeing to tolerate the use of biometrics if and when they are used for other

visas types.

Congratulations to each and every member of the commission for the enormousamount of hard work and positive energy they offered all through the conference!

Akram A. SaidyPresident of the N.A. Academic Mobility Commission

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REPORT OF THE COMMISSION ONCHAPTER XIX OF THE NAFTA

Monday, May 22

The work of the Commission onChapter 19 of NAFTA began with theelection of Blayne Haggart, delegate from the Federal State of Mexico, as the Chair ofthe Commission and Juan Antonio Carrin Alvarez, delegate of Canada, as theCommission Secretary. Upon Mr. Haggarts taking the chair, the Commission agreed onspeaking rules and embarked upon a general, wide-ranging discussion of the proposeddraft resolution.

Tuesday, May 23

Regarding the setting of the Commissions agenda, the Commission voted 8-7 to

consider the resolution in the following order, by chapter: I, V, III, II, IV. Furthermore,the Commission decided not to hold formal votes on any of the chapters until all thechapters had been considered; once a consensus appeared to have been reached on thechapter under consideration, the debate moved onto the next chapter.

On Chapter I, there was a general consensus among parliamentarians that theSecretariat offices should not be consolidated. Instead, Ms. Lisa Baroldi, delegate fromthe Federal State of Mexico, suggested, to general consensus, that the Secretariat shouldwork to improve electronic information management sharing among the three offices.On the subject of funding, all delegates agreed that Secretariat funding should beincreased. After some debate over how to determine how much each party should pay, areviewable formula to be set by experts was agreed upon.

All delegates agreed, with some small wording changes, on Chapter V(Antidumping/Countervailing Regime).

Before debate on Chapter III began, Ms. Paola Gabriela Pino Unti of the CanadianAmerican Business Council addressed the Commission and answered questions. Sheremained with the Commission and participated in all debates except the debate onfinal approval of the draft.

Following an intervention by federal and federated Mexican delegates, the Commissionrejected Chapter IIIs call for a de facto Chapter 19 appeals court, in favour of the statusquo. In the final vote on this Chapter, the Canadian delegation abstained.

Wednesday, May 23

On Chapter II, dealing with the maintenance of a permanent roster of Chapter 19panelists, debate centred on ensuring that the panel would not consist of appointees-

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for-life. After a relatively brief debate, the resolution was amended to reflect thisconcern. Debate on the remuneration of panellists centred on the general desire forconsistency with Chapter I, and that funds for training potential panellists not belimited to universities; the resolution was amended further to reflect these concerns.

The general consensus at the Commission was that Chapter IV, which called for theestablishment of jurisprudence for Chapter 19 cases, represented the most challengingchapter. U.S. federal and state delegates made clear that as it stood, Chapter IV wascompletely unacceptable. While Mexican and Canadian delegates supported Chapter IVas it stood, several hours of informal debates and negotiations allowed the delegates tocome to an agreement striking Chapter IVs language from the draft resolution,replacing it with a call for a time-limited study on how to improve Chapter 19, includinga reference to looking at the Rule of Law. The chapter passed unanimously; Mexicanfederal delegate Jayme Walker, however, abstained, arguing that the new language wastoo small a step forward.

Finally, following a somewhat lengthydebate on the Preamble (which wasamended to reflect changes that had beenmade in the body of the draft resolution),the entire draft resolution was supportedunanimously, with only theaforementioned abstentions on ChaptersIII and IV.

Blayne Haggart

President of the Commission on Chapter XIX of the NAFTA

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REPORT OF THE COMMISSION ONINVESTMENT FUND

It was my distinct honor and pleasure to presideas President of the Investment Fund

Commission. Twelve delegates participatedrepresenting the three countries and NewMexico, New York, DC, Chihuahua, Quebec,Texas, and Chiapas.

The Preamble debate centered on the pertinence of the immigration clause, and thepros and cons of immigration. Delegates for deletion stated the positive aspect ofimmigration for Mexico as remittances are the second highest income for Mexico.Delegates for inclusion stated decreasing immigration is a goal and measure of success.

Chapter One debate focused on the funds elusive title and in Section C regardingwhether or not finance has the connotation of debt and if funds should be unilateraltransfers.

Chapter two was most controversial as every clause was heavily debated. Section fivedebated the private sectors involvement and country contribution levels focusing onthe Canadas small percentage. Mexican Government reform was undoubtedly the mostcontroversial issue. The reality and strategic interests of augmenting the tax collectionbase and privatization of the energy sector consumed the majority of time and aconsultant was brought in.

Chapter three addressed the administration of resources. Debate focused on thenumber of members in the commission, their positions, and ambiguous roles andfurther focused on how members could evaluate the compliance of objectives,transparency, level of development, and success measures. Chapter Four had lightdebate centering on the duration of the fund.

The Investment Fund Commission was cited to be the most controversial andchallenging commission. All delegates take great pride in the assemblys unanimousvote of approval.

Celestine JohnsonPresident of the Investment Fund Commission

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Este proyecto no fue adoptado por la asamblea del Triunvirato.

Asamblea del TriunviratoProyecto de resolucin.26 de Mayo de 2006

TRIUNVIRATO

PROYECTODERESOLUCINFINALELCONTROLDELOSFLUJOSMIGRATORIOS

ASAMBLEALEGISLATIVADELTRIUNVIRATO

DISPOSICIONES PRELIMINARES

Considerando que Amrica del Norte constituye una regin cuyos desafos polticos,econmicos, comerciales y demogrficos son interdependientes y complementarios;

Reconociendo la necesidad de una mejora de la colaboracin entre Canad, EEUU y Mxicosobre el asunto del control de los flujos migratorios;

Reconociendo la necesidad de garantizar condiciones de seguridad en las fronteras de Amricadel Norte en un contexto en que las amenazas vinculadas al terrorismo y al trfico deestupefacientes y de personas estn omnipresentes;

Recordando la necesidad de respetar los ideales y los principios de los Derechos Humanos y lademocracia, tal como estn consagrados en laDeclaracin americana de los derechos y deberesdel hombre.

Los parlamentarios de Amrica del Norte, reunidos en el marco de la segunda asamblea delTriunvirato, acuerdan lo siguiente:

CAPTULO 1

DEFINICIONES

En la presente resolucin, se entender por:

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1. Flujos migratorios: Movimiento por una frontera de Amrica del Norte de losindividuos que eligen voluntariamente salir de su pas de origen paraestablecerse de manera temporal o indefinida en Canad, EEUU o Mxico.

2. Zonas fronterizas de mayor afluencia: Sectores fronterizos caracterizados por un

ndice elevado de trfico de drogas y/o de personas, contrabando y/o crucesilegales de fronteras.

3. Fronteras norteamericanas: Las fronteras compartidas por Mxico y EEUU, yEEUU y Canad, as como el conjunto de las fronteras en el permetro de Amricadel Norte.

CAPTULO 2

OBJETIVOS

Los parlamentarios de Canad, EEUU y Mxico acuerdan:

1. Establecer un sistema integrado de control de los flujos migratorios en Amricadel Norte a fin de fortalecer la seguridad norteamericana.

2. Iniciar acciones conjuntas con miras a frenar los flujos migratorios ilegales queresultan de la persistencia de las disparidades socioeconmicas en Amrica delNorte.

3. Armonizar progresivamente las polticas migratorias de Canad, EEUU y Mxico.

4. Garantizar el respecto a los derechos humanos de las personas, ya sean legales oilegales, que crucen las fronteras norteamericanas.

CAPTULO 3

CREACIN DE UN COMIT DE TRABAJO NORTEAMERICANO SOBRE LOS FLUJOSMIGRATORIOS

1. Canad, EEUU y Mxico se comprometen a crear un comit cuyo cometido serconjuntar informacin en colaboracin con organizaciones ya existentes,formular recomendaciones a las administraciones nacionales, subnacionales ylocales sobre el control de los flujos migratorios, as como promover la migracinlegal.

2. Este comit llevar el nombre de Comit de Trabajo Norteamericano sobre losFlujos Migratorios (CTNFM).

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3. El CTNFM estar compuesto por delegados gubernamentales de los tres pases

norteamericanos designados por las autoridades nacionales competentes, ascomo expertos representantes de las organizaciones mencionadas en el punto 1,en los temas actuales de migracin de los tres pases.

4. El CTNFM tendr competencia y funciones para:

a. Reunirse dos veces al ao o de ser necesario en sesiones extraordinarias.Despus de cada una de las reuniones, entregar a las autoridades nacionalesy subnacionales un reporte sobre la situacin del fenmeno migratorio enNorteamrica.

b. Crear una base de datos que sea moderna, eficiente y de acceso pblico paraconjuntar la informacin proveniente de las organizaciones ya existentes.

c. Formular recomendaciones sobre las polticas nacionales, subnacionales ylocales en materia de migracin entre Canad, EEUU y Mxico.

d. Alentar la difusin de la informacin sobre las medidas legales de migracinen la regin de Norteamrica.

e. Informar a la poblacin de los tres pases sobre las oportunidades de empleopara los migrantes norteamericanos.

CAPTULO 4

PROGRAMAS DE MIGRACIN LABORAL

Parte I. Programas de Migracin Temporal en Amrica del Norte

La Comisin de Control de los Flujos Migratorios recomienda:

1. Promover la creacin de programas de trabajo temporales en cada uno de lostres pases, con especial atencin a los sectores norteamericanos donde existenproblemas de falta de trabajadores tal como hayan sido evaluadas por lacomisin norteamericana sobre los flujos migratorios, creada por la presenteresolucin.

2. Alentar a los tres pases a facilitar la expedicin de visas temporales de trabajopara los individuos que quieren trabajar legalmente en Canad, EEUU oMxico.

3. Los programas de trabajo temporales debern contener un mecanismo paraque el trabajador regrese a su pas una vez que su visa temporal haya expirado.Dicho mecanismo ser establecido mediante el consentimiento inicial delempleador de cubrir el costo del viaje de regreso del empleado a su ciudad deorigen.

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4. Los trabajadores temporales se beneficiaran de los derechos sociales y laboralesdel pas anfitrin por la duracin de sus visas de trabajo.

Parte II. Programas de Migracin Permanente en Amrica del Norte

1. Fomentar la migracin permanente de trabajadores norteamericanoscalificados, en la regin de Norteamrica, en aras de satisfacer la demandalaboral y fortalecer el crecimiento econmico de la regin.

CAPTULO 5

COOPERACIN PARA LA GESTIN DE LAS FRONTERAS NORTEAMERICANAS


1. Aumentar la colaboracin entre los tres pases acerca de la seguridad de lasfronteras norteamericanas y tener en consideracin las recomendacioneselaboradas por el CTNFM, siempre y cuando se respete la soberana de cada pas.

CAPTULO 6


Para regularizar la situacin de los inmigrantes indocumentados presentes en los pasesnorteamericanos que puedan comprobar a travs de cualquier mecanismo, que haningresado antes de la aprobacin de la presente y que se hayan gestado antes de la fechadeterminada por cada pas.

1. El inmigrante indocumentado debe registrarse ante el pas anfitrin en dondereside ilegalmente. Dentro de este proceso, los inmigrantes registradosadquieren automticamente la legalidad.

2. El pas anfitrin evaluar la situacin del inmigrante indocumentado paraverificar que cumpla con los siguientes requisitos:

a) Que no cuente con antecedentes penales, yb) Que no represente una amenaza a la seguridad de Norteamrica.

3. En caso de cumplir con los requisitos del captulo 6, al inmigranteindocumentado se le otorgar una visa temporal que le permitir vivir y trabajaren el pas anfitrin hasta que reciba la residencia permanente. En caso de nocumplir con dichos requisitos, las personas sern tratadas segn las leyes del pasanfitrin.

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4. La residencia permanente se otorgar a las personas enlistadas siguiendo un

proceso gradual, dentro de un periodo mximo de 11 aos a partir del registro ymediante el pago de una multa cuyo importe ser determinado a discrecin decada pas.

5. La Comisin recomienda que los inmigrantes intenten integrarse al pasanfitrin.

CAPTULO 7

FINANCIAMIENTO DEL CTNFM

Con miras a financiar las distintas reuniones del CTNFM se propone:

1. Despus de presentar un presupuesto por reunin o proyecto a los tresgobiernos norteamericanos, y que este sea aprobado por ellos, se pagar el totaldel costo de acuerdo a la siguiente distribucin:

Canad: 28%EEUU: 45%Mxico: 27%

2. Dichos porcentajes estarn sujetos a revisin cada 5 aos.

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Adopted by the General Assembly of the TriumvirateFinal ResolutionMay 26th 2006

FINAL RESOLUTIONNORTH AMERICAN ACADEMIC MOBILITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION

_____________________________________________________________

SECOND TRIUMVIRATE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY

STATEMENT OF MOTIVATION AND INTENT

Recognizing that North American academic mobility fosters cultural exchanges and thecreation of strong networks, which allows citizens to develop a deeper knowledge of North

American reality, as well as a more complete understanding of our regions challenges andstrengths;

Considering that academic mobility is an effective and productive way of preparing our youthand universities to face new challenges of an increasingly globalized world;

Bearing in mind that enhanced academic competitiveness would allow our economies toprosper and compete with other regional entities;

Reaffirming North Americas commitment to border security, regulation and efficiency;

The North American legislators, gathered for the second Triumvirate Legislative Assembly,have convened upon:

CHAPTER I

DEFINITIONS

1. In the present draft resolution, academic mobility means the ability of students,faculty and researchers to move to an institution outside of their home countrywithin North America, to study, teach or take part in research for a period of timeranging between 3 months and a full academic year. In this context, mobility isbeing discussed in terms of movement within North America specifically.

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2. The term higher education refers to postsecondary education at universities,colleges, professional schools, or technical institutes.

CHAPTER II

ESTABLISHING THE NORTH AMERICAN MOBILITY PROGRAM (NAMP)

3. The American, Canadian and Mexican parliamentarians agree upon thenecessity of developing a trilateral academic partnership, the North AmericanMobility Program (NAMP), which shall have the mission to stimulate studentand faculty mobility in the field of higher education. The purpose of thisprogram is to provide North American students with a high quality andcompetitive higher education system, to develop more cooperative studieswithin North America studies and research programs and ultimately to develop astronger interest for the North American region. Furthermore this program isdesigned to strengthen regional economy, cultural ties and integration and

alleviate visa and immigration processes for NAMP participants, rendering ourborders more secure and more efficient.

4. The establishment of NAMP shall require the creation of a North Americannetwork of member public and private institutions of higher education.

5. The NAMPs goal is to increase North American academic mobility fromapproximately 210 000 North American students a year to 1.5 million NorthAmerican students a year by 2020, distributed equally among member states.

CHAPTER III

Section I

NAMP COMPOSITION AND MANDATE

6. The North American institutes of higher education network shall be createdand managed by an administrative committee, composed of one educationalexpert and one federal and one federated government official from eachcountry, appointed at the discretion of each country. Participating institutes ofhigher education representatives will be working in collaboration with NAMPofficials to appoint this committee.

6.1 The duration of the term of each member of the advisory committeeis left to the discretion of each country.

7. The administrative committees mandate is:

7.1 To establish a list of admission criteria defining institute of highereducation membership. These criteria will include such aspects as credit

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transfers and program recognition. These criteria shall assure NAMPmembers quality regarding higher education.

7.2 To review and statute on university admission, which would be based onthe requirements of each individual program rather than on the general

requirements of the host university.

7.3 The NAMP would be financed by a North American Mobility Fund whichwould allocate proper funds to NAMP member institutes of highereducation in order to allow them to better conform to NAMP criteria.

8. NAMP funding shall start at $90 million annually and increase gradually,proportionally to the number of participants. The program shall be funded bythe three countries as such: 45% USA, 35% Canada and 20% Mexico. Theprogram shall be funded by the federal and / or the federated entities accordingto the Constitution of each country.

9. NAMP membership shall be open to all North American higher educationinstitutions, public and private, and to all programs at undergraduate, graduateand post graduate levels, who meet the criteria of the advisory committee,

10. Member institutions of higher education will have total discretion in theenrolment of NAMP member students.

Section II

STUDENT MOBILITY FUNDING

11. The American, Canadian and Mexican parliamentarians agree that thecreation of a mobility fund is crucial to the enhancement of student mobility inNorth America. Therefore:

11.1 80% of NAMP total funding shall be destined to acceptedparticipants, and the remaining 20% would be allocated toadministrative and logistic expenses.

11.2 Grants are destined to cover the additional costs of a studyperiod abroad rather than the entire cost of the stay.

11.3 Student NAMP funding requires the student: To be a North American national, or to be a permanent resident

according to the residency regulations of the home country; To be registered at a NAMP member institution of Higher

Education;

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To be accepted for an approved program of study for a period of3 months to a full academic year at an institution in anotherNorth American country;

To not have received a previous NAMP grant.

12. Financial agreements made by the institutions of higher education shouldguarantee to waive the customary tuition for incoming participating students sothat each student participating in NAMP shall only be required to pay tuition tohis or her home institution;

13. Official language classes (French, English and Spanish) shall be incorporatedwithin NAMP and eligible for funding. All participants should pass the languageproficiency test required by the host university.

14. Funding for students shall not exceed 1,500 $ US a month, which should beproportionate to the cost of living in the host city, which is to be determined by

the host institution.

15. Home institutions of higher education shall allocate NAMP mobility grantsto their participating students.

16. Grants shall be allocated only when the study period and program arerecognized by both home and host institutions.

17. Any scholarships or grants received by the student in his/or her homecountry shall be separate from the eligibility for NAMP grants.

Section III

FACULTY MOBILITY FUNDING

18. The American, Canadian and Mexican parliamentarians recognize thatfaculty and research mobility is primarily motivated by research opportunitiesand projects; therefore we encourage the creation of university researchpartnerships and opportunities;

19. Grants shall be allocated to faculty members in order to promote jointprograms and research, as well as to enhance teaching experience.

CHAPTER IV

NORTH AMERICAN STUDENT IDENTITY CARD

20. The American, Canadian and Mexican parliamentarians agree on thenecessity of creating a North American student identity card. The NASIC wouldreplace the current exchange visa process of the host country, which shall

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alleviate immigration processes for NAMP participants, secure borders, allowtrans-border crossing efficiency and enhance North American student mobility.

21. Each host country is responsible for delivering the NASIC, which will bedesigned by the NAMP Committee.

22. Minimum requirements for the deliverance of the NASIC shall be:1. A valid passport2. A completed NAMP form3. An official acceptance statement from the host NAMP memberinstitutions of higher education4. A bank statement or other proof of sufficient funds to afford costs ofliving in the host city.

.23. The NASIC shall be valid between 3 months and a full academic year, withthe possibility of one reapplication which shall be at the discretion of the host

government.

24. The NASIC allows the owner to live and travel only in the host country.

25. The NASIC card shall contain the digital prints and the signature of theNAMP participant. Any additional personal biometric data required for theNASIC shall only be introduced if similar data become required by the hostcountry for other categories of visa.

25.1 If the biometric data become a future trend, then countries mayrevise their positions and accept that these biometric regulations beadded to the NASIC.

CHAPTER V

NORTH AMERICAN CREDIT TRANSFER SYSTEM

26. The American, Canadian and Mexican parliamentarians agree that thecreation of a North American credit transfer system, operating in an advisorycapacity, is required to facilitate the recognition of periods of study abroad andthus enhance the quality and volume of student mobility in North America.

27. A North American credit transfer committee shall be created and becomposed of NAMP member representatives.

28. The North American credit transfer committees mandate is to evaluatemember institutions of higher education courses and programs, in order tofacilitate recognition among NAMP member institutions of higher education.

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Adopted by the General Assembly of the TriumvirateFinal ResolutionMay 26th 2006

FINAL RESOLUTIONCHAPTER XIX OF THE NAFTA

_____________________________________________________________



Considering the fact that the reliability of North American trade rules is essential tomaintaining dynamic relationships among the United States of Mexico, the United States of

America, and Canada;

Considering the fact that the dispute settlement mechanisms are crucial components of thefunctioning of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA);

Considering the use of mechanisms regarding antidumping and countervailing dutiesinstituted by Chapter 19 of NAFTA, notably the Extraordinary Challenge Committee;

Considering the fact that the effectiveness of these mechanisms depends on a well-financedand managed administrative apparatus;

Considering the difficulty of recruiting experts for the establishment of special binationalpanels;

Considering the desire to further increase the effectiveness of measures envisaged by theprovisions of Chapter 19 of NAFTA and reaffirming their faith in these provisions and their

underlying principles;

The North American parliamentarians of the second Triumvirate assembly agree as follows:

CHAPTER I

An Effective NAFTA Secretariat

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To ensure a greater degree of certainty and efficiency regarding the functioning ofChapter 19 dispute resolution mechanisms, it is agreed that:

1. In order to improve efficiencies between secretarial offices, the secretariat shallconsider hiring an Information Management Officer (IMO) to investigate means

of improving the transfer of information between the offices. Increased fundingto the Secretariat shall cover the cost of hiring the IMO.

2. The NAFTA partners shall increase the monetary resources allotted to theNAFTA Secretariat to a level that will enable this organization to fulfill theduties established under Articles 2001 and 2002 of NAFTA.

3. The level of funding from each party shall be determined by macroeconomicindicators to be specified by trilateral experts and brought back to the assemblyfor voting and ratification. A complete review of the funding mechanism shall beconducted every 10 years.

CHAPTER II

A Permanent NAFTA Panel System

In order to ensure the quick resolution of disputes brought under the terms of NAFTAChapter 19, and to counter the difficulties encountered in setting up special bi-nationalgroups that could hinder the effectiveness of the process and lead to further delays forNorth American companies, it is agreed as follows:

Section 1 The Establishment of Three Permanent Rosters of Panellists

To accelerate the processing of disputes and to draw up a permanent roster ofpanellists:

4. The three parties shall maintain at all times a permanent list of at least 25experts. Each party may appoint or remove their panellists from their list attheir discretion.

5. In order to comply with Article 4, Annex 1901.2 of NAFTA is amended byreplacing Each Party shall select at least 25 candidates in paragraph 1, withEach Party shall create a permanent list of at least 25 candidates.

Section 2 Funding of the Secretariat and Remuneration of Panellists

To ensure and effective and speedy resolution of disputes, and in order to attract agreater number of experts who would like to appear on the permanent rosterenvisioned in section 1 of this chapter, we Parliamentarians agree as follows:

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6. That the NAFTA Secretariat shall ensure an adequate level of funding for thefunctioning of the Chapter 19 permanent panel system.

7. To offer panellists a competitive remuneration taking into account earnings inthe private sector in order to easily attract and retain qualified international

trade experts. The specific figures of remuneration are to be negotiated by theNAFTA Secretariat at Commission meetings, and adjustments may be madewhen appropriate to keep up with remuneration levels in the private sector.

8. The NAFTA Commission, through the NAFTA Secretariat, shall establish incollaboration with Canadian, American and Mexican universities and otherappropriate institutions a training program so that panellists can update theirknowledge of the trade laws of each of the parties.

CHAPTER III

The Extraordinary Challenge Committee

We parliamentarians reaffirm our support for the Extraordinary Challenge Committee(ECC) as this is a common and effective means of resolving disputes regarding grossmisconduct for the Chapter 19 binational panel and its members. In this spirit, we callon the NAFTA parties:

9. To follow Annex 1904.13 regarding the professional quality of the panellists;and

10.To respect the time limits regarding the ECC.

CHAPTER IV

Enhancing Chapter 19

Acknowledging the concerns regarding the frequent use of the Chapter 19 disputesettlement mechanism and in the spirit of improving efficiencies and relations amongthe NAFTA parties, it is agreed as follows:

11.We propose the creation of a Working Group to examine the possibility ofenhancing the effectiveness of the dispute settlement mechanism of Chapter 19.The Working Group shall present its report to the General Assembly of theTriumvirate in accordance with Chapter IV.14 of this resolution.

12.This group shall consist of 15 individuals, five for each member state, with aminimum from each NAFTA part of one former judge having served on aChapter 19 panel, and one expert in North American trade.

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13.This group shall examine experiences undertaken in other regions, includingtheir consideration of the Rule of Law, bearing in mind the specificity of NorthAmerica and the NAFTA.

14.This working group shall be created within six months, so that they may start

working within the following year. The working group is expected to presenttheir report to the plenary session by January 1, 2009. This period may beextended at the request of a majority of the working group.

CHAPTER V

The Antidumping/Countervailing Regime and Article 1903

To broaden the nature of the partnership that unites the Parties and in order toincrease the benefits of this partnership, it is agreed as follows:

15.In line with Article 1907, s. 2, we call on the NAFTA parties to commencediscussions toward a common antidumping and countervailing regime, bothacross all sectors and on a sector-by-sector basis.

16.We remind the NAFTA parties of Article 103 of NAFTA in order to challengeperceived problems with other parties antidumping or countervailing laws.

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Adoptado por la Asamblea del TriunviratoProyecto de resolucin final26 de Mayo de 2006

TRIUNVIRATOPROYECTO DE RESOLUCIN FINAL

FONDO DE INVERSI N PARA AMRICA DEL NORTE

DISPOSICIONES PRELIMINARES

Teniendo en cuenta que el Tratado de Libre Comercio de Amrica del Norte (TLCAN) haconstituido un instrumento de suma relevancia para la prosperidad de Amrica del Norte;

Considerando la importancia, para los socios norteamericanos, de "crear nuevas oportunidadesde empleo, mejorar las condiciones laborales y los niveles de vida en sus respectivosterritorios", tal como se estipula en el prembulo del TLCAN;

Conscientes de la necesidad de implantar medidas tendientes a hacer de Amrica del Norte elmejor lugar para vivir y lograr que las poblaciones de las regiones ms desfavorecidas sebeneficien con la prosperidad generada por la creacin del TLCAN;

Los parlamentarios de Amrica del Norte, reunidos en el marco de la segunda asamblea del

Triunvirato, acuerdan lo siguiente:

CAPTULO 1

CREACIN DE UN FONDO DE INVERSIN PARA INFRAESTRUCTURA Y CAPITALHUMANO DE AMRICA DEL NORTE

1. Los representantes de Canad, Estados Unidos y Mxico acuerdan crear un Fondo deInversin para Infraestructura y Capital Humano para Amrica del Norte en adelantedenominado el Fondo de Inversin a fin de financiar proyectos de capacitacin,infraestructura, capital humano, energa y medio ambiente los cuales podrn consolidar

el espacio econmico norteamericano y desarrollar el pleno potencial de Amrica delNorte.

Gracias al Fondo de Inversin:

a) se invertir en la educacin y el desarrollo econmico de las regiones msdesfavorecidas de Amrica del Norte;

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b) se invertir en la construccin de proyectos de infraestructura fsica, tales comotransporte, urbanizacin y de acceso a los servicios bsicos entre otros, que busquenestabilizar y alentar el crecimiento de las regiones ms desfavorecidas de Amrica delNorte;

c) se invertir en proyectos energticos y de proteccin del medio ambiente quepermitan aumentar la seguridad energtica de Canad, Mxico y Estados Unidos,garantizando al mismo tiempo la continuidad de una estrategia de desarrollo sostenible;

d) la designacin de los proyectos relacionados con el Fondo de Inversin estar sujeta aconcurso limitado a la participacin de sociedades mexicanas, canadienses yestadounidenses.

2. Los proyectos que podrn contar con el apoyo del Fondo de Inversin debernrealizarse en una localidad o en una comunidad cuyo nivel de vida medio est situadopor debajo del 60% del nivel de vida medio (PIB per cpita) en cada uno de los pases de

Amrica del Norte;

3. Las inversiones realizadas por el Fondo de Inversin sern transferenciasunilaterales.

4. El Fondo de Inversin deber poder:

a) permitir que las regiones ms desfavorecidas de Amrica del Norte logren unaprosperidad econmica sostenida y durable a travs de la creacin de empleos y demejores condiciones de vida;

b) promover la real integracin econmica de las zonas menos desarrolladas deCanad, Mxico y Estados Unidos en la dinmica econmica norteamericana creadapor el TLCAN;

c) fomentar la participacin activa del sector privado y de los gobiernos estatales yprovinciales de Canad, Mxico y Estados Unidos en el financiamiento y ejecucinde proyectos de inversin y de desarrollo en Amrica del Norte.

CAPTULO 2

CAPITALIZACIN DEL FONDO DE INVERSIN

5. ElFondo de Inversin ser financiado con recursos pblicos y privados;

6. Mxico, Estados Unidos y Canad contribuirn al Fondo de Inversin de la siguientemanera:

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6.1 Canad invertir el 30% del monto mnimo requerido;

6.2 Estados Unidos invertir el 50% del monto mnimo requerido;

6.3 Mxico invertir el 20% del monto mnimo requerido;

7. Se exhorta con fuerza al gobierno mexicano a realizar un programa de reformas quele permita:

a) Simplificar la recaudacin fiscal de modo que se aumente la base fiscal deMxico para que la tasa de recaudacin fiscal represente un 16 por ciento delproducto interno bruto (PIB) total de Mxico;

b) Hacer el sistema judicial ms eficiente;

c) Promover el aumento de las inversiones privadas en la construccin de la

infraestructura necesaria para facilitar el aprovechamiento de los recursosenergticos, el gas natural y el petrleo, haciendo especial nfasis en el respetode la soberana nacional mexicana.

8. El presupuesto mnimo del Fondo de Inversin ser de 10 mil millones de dlaresestadounidenses por ao.

CAPTULO 3

ADMINISTRACIN DE LOS RECURSOS DEL FONDO DE INVERSIN

9. Los gobiernos de Canad, Mxico y Estados Unidos debern instituir una JuntaAdministradora del Fondo de Inversin - en adelante denominada la JuntaAdministradora - que velar por la buena administracin de los recursosfinancieros que ingresen al Fondo de Inversin y deber garantizar la eficienciadel mismo.

10. La Junta Administradora estar integrada por doce miembros, como mximo, asaber:

a) El Ministro de Finanzas de Canad, el Secretario de Hacienda y Crdito

Pblico de Mxico y el Secretario del Tesoro de Estados Unidos;

b) Un representante de los gobiernos estatales y provinciales por cada pas;

c) Un representante del sector privado por cada pas;

d) Un representante de los congresos federales por cada pas;

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11. La Junta Administradora tendr la misin de:

a) Definir los criterios que guiarn el proceso de adjudicacin de recursos;b) Evaluar la pertinencia de los proyectos presentados a fin de contar con elapoyo financiero del Fondo de Inversin;

c) Elaborar un mecanismo de administracin transparente de los recursos delFondo de Inversin;

d) Publicar peridicamente informes que traten acerca del cumplimiento de lasmetas del Fondo de Inversin y de los impactos generados por los proyectosfinanciados por dicho Fondo;

12.La Junta Administradora nombrar por consenso a un Director General delFondo de Inversin.

CAPTULO 4

DURACIN DEL FONDO DE INVERSIN

13. El Fondo de Inversin operara por un periodo de diez (10) aos. Al trmino deese periodo, la Junta Administradora podr prorrogar por cinco aos (5) ms elmandato del Fondo de Inversin, una vez que hayan sido evaluados lossiguientes aspectos:

a) El cumplimiento de los objetivos establecidos en el artculo 4 de la presente

resolucin;

b) La transparencia y la eficacia en el manejo de los recursos del Fondo deInversin;

c) El desarrollo de los aspectos contenidos en el artculo 7 de la presenteresolucin.

14. La Junta Administradora llevara a cabo una evolucin anual de cada uno de losaspectos contenidos en el artculo 13 de la presente resolucin.

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Adopted by the General Assembly of the TriumvirateCurrent Event ResolutionMay 26th 2006

RESOLUTION FOR THE CREATION OF A NORTH AMERICANPARTNERSHIP ON CLEAN DEVELOPMENT AND CLIMATE

_____________________________________________________________

Proposed by Annie Mathieu, USA Federal representativeand signed byChristiane Brub (Estado de Mxico)Catherine Drouin (Estado de Mxico)Gabriel Goyette (USA federal)Matthew Pattinson (Oregon)Elisa Clavier (USA federal)Paul Mailhot (USA federal)


PREAMBULE

Bearing in mind Canada's statement at the recent Bonn Conference on Climate Change, heldbetween May 19th and 27th, recognizing their inability to fulfill its engagement of cutting

greenhouse gas emissions and therefore, their inability to meet Kyoto's targets;

Considering Mexico's growing economy, its increasing need for energy and its recent opennessregarding private foreign direct investment;

Realizing constant Americans' efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emission through research anddevelopment of more efficient technologies without compromising economic growth;

Reaffirming Triumvirate's constitution objectives to facilitate consensus building and jointmanagement of issues relating to North America integration, to promote political dialogue,democracy, human development, economic growth and sustainable development in North

America;

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This resolution aims at addressing an urgent concern in the great North American region, theclimate change and its impacts on sustainable development of the region.

The objective of this Partnership's proposal is to redefine the way climate change; energysecurity and air pollution are addressed in order to encourage economic growth anddevelopment of the three North American countries, United States of America, Canada andUnited States of Mexico.

The North American Partners are large, fast growing economies that represent more than onethird of the world's emissions of greenhouse gases and energy use. This Partnershipcomplements other global climate change initiatives.

The North American legislators, gathered for the second Triumvirate legislative s assembly,have convened upon:

CHAPTER IPRELIMINARY DISPOSITIONS:

1. The three country North American Partnership recognizes that technologycollaboration, long term commitments and significant investments are needed toaddress the sustainable generation and use of energy.

2. Two elements are essential to a sustainable solution to climate change that willfoster innovation and implement practical, achievable, economically sustainablesolutions to climate change:

a) The acceleration of technology, especially low emissions technology;

b) The collaboration between governments, business and researchorganizations.

CHAPTER II

Section I

ESTABLISHING A NORTH AMERICAN PARTNERSHIP ON CLEAN DEVELOPMENT ANDCLIMATE

2. The North American Partnership on Clean Development and Climate shall be created

and managed by an administrative committee composed of environment, energy andfinance ministers of each of the three partners as well as representatives of the privatesector and environmental experts.

3. The administrative committee will hold meetings once a year alternating in each ofthe three member states. The committee will publish an annual report highlightingcreative and efficient market oriented strategies to reduce the intensity of emissions, aswell as the partners efforts to reduce the intensity of greenhouse emission.

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4. The administrative committee will cooperate to achieve the unprecedented objectivesof this plan. Gathering business, government and environmental experts and workingin the spirit of preserving the rich biodiversity and the unique North American naturalbeauty, will contribute to the realization of these objectives.

CHAPTER III

PARTNERSHIP'S PRINCIPLES

Section II

5. This Partnership is founded on these three principles:

5.1 Clean development and lower greenhouse gas emissions requireseconomic growth, as it is growth and investment that will deliver the newtechnologies to reduce emissions;

5.2 Agreement that governments and businesses must work together toachieve sustained economic growth and lower greenhouse gas emissions;

5.3 The importance of raising public awareness regarding the actionsindividuals can undertake to help achieve these vital objectives.

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Lobbyist Reports

To the Secretariat of the Triumvirate:

Throughout the week I attempted to advance the position and gain support for themandate of my organization. This included convincing legislators to preserve Chapter 5,completely remove Chapter 4 and Chapter 6. I lobbied delegates from Canada, theUnited States, and Mexico to adopt policies pertaining to the strengthening ofsanctions pertaining to contraband activities, drug, arms, and human trafficking, as wellas document fraud. I also lobbied for delegates to toughen sanctions pertaining to illegalimmigration by imposing tougher penalties on those who employ or harbor illegal

immigrants as well as those who facilitate their entry into the United States.

For the most part, I received a strong support from the UnitedStates and very weak support from Mexico. The delegate fromAlberta was able to put forth a motion to completely removeChapter 6 from the resolution citing that this chapter couldpossibly encourage a greater number of individuals toimmigrate illegally in order to obtain citizenship. I felt that Ihad made an impact on the delegate from Alberta in order toprompt his motion to remove chapter 6.

Ultimately, neither Chapter 4 nor Chapter 6 were removedfrom the resolution but they were revised.

In the end, the Resolution regarding the Control of Migration Flows was vetoed byCanada which means that increased lobbying or concessions will have to be made byother countries in order to ensure a trilateral agreement which will benefit Canada, theUnited States and Mexico.

From Tyson Sadler, Lobbyist for Americans for Legal Immigration

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Estimada Secretara del Triunvirato:

Me complace informarle los logros que como grupo de presin, HRW ha alcanzadoprincipalmente debido al apoyo de la delegacin mexicana y en menor medida a lacanadiense sobre el respeto a los derechos humanos de los inmigrantes. En primer lugar,

el objetivo de incluir dentro de la resolucin sobre flujos migratorios un artculo dondelas partes se comprometieran a respetar los derechos humanos y laborales de losinmigrantes se cumpli, pues a pesar de que no se insertaron como tal los artculos quefueron sealados en el mandato para HRW, se logr incluir en el captulo 2 un incisodonde las partes se comprometen a garantizar el respeto a los derechos humanos de losinmigrantes legales e ilegales. Asimismo dentro del captulo 4 se insert una clusuladonde se expresa que los trabajadores temporales se beneficiarn de los derechossociales y laborales del pas anfitrin por la duracin de sus visas de trabajo.

En este sentido, el segundo objetivo que se estableci en el mandato para laorganizacin que represento tambin fue alcanzado, pues se cambi el nombre del

captulo 5 a Cooperacin para la gestin de las fronteras norteamericanas, y adems selogr remover la clusula donde se buscaba un endurecimiento de las fronteras fsicasen detrimento de los derechos de los inmigrantes. Asimismo, la clusula c del artculo4 del captulo 3 se quit debido a que la creacin de una lista de individuos representarala violacin del derecho a la privacidad de los inmigrantes.

Finalmente, el objetivo 5 del mandato de HRW fue completado satisfactoriamente alfavorecer a la aprobacin del captulo 4 de la resolucin para flujos migratorios, inclusoaadiendo un punto que compromete a los pases norteamericanos a proteger losderechos de los inmigrantes.

El nico mandato que no se logr reflejarse en la resolucin sobre flujos migratoriosdurante las sesiones por comisin fue aquel que busca incluir a las esposas e hijosdependientes dentro de aquellos inmigrantes que recibiran la ciudadana del pasreceptor bajo ciertas condiciones, debido a la falta de tiempo que impidi que loslegisladores pudiesen discutir este tema a fondo. Sin embargo se cont con laaprobacin unnime de Mxico y su disposicin para incluir esta modificacin a dichocaptulo.

Finalmente, a pesar de que no estaba contemplado, se dieron recomendaciones dentrode la comisin para la movilidad estudiantil en el sentido de apoyar a los argumentos en

contra de la inclusin de datos biomtricos dentro de tarjeta NASIC. Cabe sealar quedichos resultados fueron logrados gracias a que como cabildera realic un trabajoestrecho de presentacin de proyectos a los delegados encargados de los asuntos demigracin.

Flor Gonzlez Correa, representante de Human Rights Watch.

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Estimada Secretara del Triunvirato:

Como representante de la organizacin Canadian American Business Council, tengo elgrato placer de reportar que una de las metas propuestas fue conseguida, la cual fue laeliminacin de los puntos 9, 10, 11 y 12 del captulo III de la resolucin del comit, ascomo agregar el anexo nmero de 1904.13, al capitulo antes mencionado.

El comit nombrado Dispute Resolution Procedures of NAFTA Chapter XIX fueconformado por un grupo de legisladores a los cuales se les debe de agradecer su buenavoluntad y ganas de mantener un equilibrio y conseguir un beneficio para los tres

pases, ya que la colaboracin aportada para conseguir las propuestas de estaorganizacin, fue esplndida.

Finalmente mi organizacin agradece las oportunidades dadas ya que permitieron eldesarrollo de nuevas propuestas y el mejoramiento de la relacin norteamericana.

Paola Pino Unti, representante de Canadian American Business Council

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El SENADOR ENRIQUE JACKSON APOYA LA INTEGRACIN DE NORTEAMRICApor Paulina Collazo

"Es importante que los jvenes estnpreparados como nunca para enfrentarlas necesidades del pas, ya que enestos momentos, Mxico vive bajo unainmadurez democrtica". SenadorEnrique Jackson.

Ciudad de Mxico, 22 mayo 2006. - Elda de ayer, tuvimos la grata presenciadel Presidente de la mesa directiva delCongreso Mexicano, Enrique Jackson,en un almuerzo -conferencia que seofreci en el patio principal de lasinstalaciones del Senado Mexicano.

El Senador Enrique Jackson originariode Los Mochis, Sinaloa, ocup el cargode Secretario de Seguridad yTransporte durante el periodo de 1985a 1988, posteriormente fue SecretarioGeneral de Gobierno del DistritoFederal y Diputado Federal de laquincuagsima sptima legislatura. Enel ao 2005 se propuso comoprecandidato presidencial por parte delpartido al cual pertenece, el PartidoRevolucionario Institucional (PRI).

El lder del Senado expres ante losmedios de comunicacin susimpresiones en torno al Triunvirato,sealando que "es muy energetizantever las ambiciones de jvenestalentosos y ambiciosos de tres pases".Enrique Jackson coment durante laconferencia que el tema que ms le

preocupa en torno a poltica exterior esel de migracin, en especial la complejarelacin entre Mxico y los EstadosUnidos, sobre todo por la controversiaque hay por la presencia de tropesnorteamericanas a lo largo de lafrontera entre ambos pases y quetraera como consecuencia elfortalecimiento de los gruposantiinmigrantes. Por otro lado recalcque si bien el gobierno mexicano

reconoce la soberana de EstadosUnidos y de su Congreso, lasdecisiones en torno a los problemasmigratorios han sido a la fechaunilaterales. Por lo tanto invita quereflexionemos acerca de la actitud queMxico debe de adoptar en torno a este

problema y analizar que si bien losmexicanos somos algo ms all quemano de obra barata, las solucionesdebern de empezar desde lareestructuracin de la poltica interna,sobre todo porque segn coment elSenador Jackson "Los candidatos a lapresidencia no presentan propuestasclaras en torno al tema migratorio".

Finalizada la conferencia algunosjvenes participantes en este triunviratose acercaron al Senador paramanifestarle sus inquietudes. Caberesaltar la pregunta de la estudiante dela Universidad de Monterrey, PaulinaAlvarado al preguntarle al Senadoracerca de las acciones emprendidaspor el gobierno mexicano para controlarel problema del flujo migratorio.

El Senador Jackson interesado en lapregunta de la estudiante respondique lamentablemente el gobierno no hasabido generar empleos de calidad queeleven el nivel de vida de las personasy que la desigualdad social ha sido elfactor principal causante de lamigracin.

Por otro lado, el Senador tambinreconoci que se debe de mejorar lacalidad de los servicios pblicos, laeducacin , las comunicaciones etc.

Dentro de esta interaccin que huboentre estudiantes y el Senador Jackson,se coment acerca de la importancia dela participacin ciudadana. Al respecto,el Senador nos motiv a que votemos y

a que aprendamos a ser analticos ycrticos con nuestro gobierno, ya queesto permitir que los intereses de losciudadanos sean siempre escuchados yevitar que los gobiernos se vean mspreocupados por otros intereses quepor los del pueblo.

Al respecto me pareci oportunocomentarle al Senador mi opinionacerca de la guerra interna que hayenestos momentos dentro de lospartidos polticos ya que es muyalarmante ver que ningn partidopropone nada claro para solucionar losproblemas reales de Mxico y que slose ha dedicado a atacarse unos a otros.La propuesta que le hice al SenadorJackson es que se deber de lograruna tregua o un pacto entre el gobiernofederal y la oposicin, no es possibleque proyectos como la reforma fiscal nohaya sido aprobada por el CongresoMexicano, slo por caprichos de laoposicin y que no ven que a los nicosque siguen afectando es a losciudadanos.

El Senador Jackson acept que esto esun problema muy grave que viveMxico, al declarar que "estamosatrapados por el escndalo" y aceptque los conflictos tanto internos comoentre los partidos polticos estnafectando gravemente el desarrollo deMxico.

Finalmente el Senador Jacksonrecomend a todos los jvenesmexicanos que estemos participandoen esta simulacin, a que sigamospreparndonos y a saber aprovecharlas oportunidades que tenemos parasacar adelante a nuestros pases.

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STUDENT MOBILITY: GLOBAL ECONOMY, GLOBAL EDUCATIONby Joanna Baron

McGill University May 4, 2006

In higher education, the days of thecloistered ivory tower, for better orworse, are over. Universities are nolonger isolated from the rest of theworld in function nor outlook instead,theyre inextricably connected to it, aswell as to each other. The policymakerswho shape higher education, thelegislators who fund it, and the citizenswho pay for and use it wantreassurance, and clear indications, thatour institutions are preparing students

to be intelligent, productive employeesand responsible, informed citizens and that theyre accomplishing this taskas economically as possible. Leadersin North America recognize that bothregional prosperity and the prosperity ofour individual communities dependslargely on the global competencies ofour future professionals -- today'sstudents. Government and educationleaders acknowledge that highereducation institutions in North Americamust take a more aggressive role inoffering students opportunities to gaininternational expertise.

This months Triumvirate conference inMexico City will provide an opportunityfor students, legislators, andpolicymakers to convene and discussthe issues and complexities surroundingus in the wake of the last ten yearsincreasingly intensified integration of theglobal economy, especially between theUnited States, Canada, and Mexico. Animportant issue on the table will be thatof student mobility: given the economicand social transformations broughtabout by 1995s North American FreeTrade Agreement (NAFTA) and its

subsequent progenitors, how can wepreserve the relevancy of traditionaluniversity education? How can weimplement infrastructure to ensure thatour students are equipped with thecosmopolitan skills, adaptability tochange, and cultural savvy to engageas leaders in the future economy?

North American integration (andpotentially, in the future, hemisphericintegration) has been pursued throughbilateral and multilateral tradingagreements, first the Canada-US FreeTrade Agreement (CUSFTA, 1988),second, the aforementioned NorthAmerican Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA, 1994), and, third, the FreeTrade Agreement of the Americas(FTAA, 2005). The changes of thesepolicies, initiated by political leaders,have trickled down rapidly to thenuances of everyday economic and

social interactions and have inevitablychanged the requirements of highereducation.

In the spirit of North Americanintegration, the governments ofCanada, Mexico, and the United Stateshave each agreed to sponsor studentexchanges between the three countries.The principles of the program areestablished along the guidelinesrecommended at the GudalajaraConference of 1996, the VancouverCommuniqu of 1993 and theWingspread Declaration of 1992, taking

into consideration the necessity ofensuring a specifically North Americandimension to education and training tocomplement and enhance trilateraltrade agreements. The North AmericanMobility in Higher Education (NAMPHE)was established in 1995 as the firsttrilateral organization dedicated tosponsoring student exchanges amonguniversities in the three countries.NAMPHE is funded in Canada byHuman Resources DevelopmentCanada (HRDC), in Mexico bySecretara de Educacin Pblica, and inthe United States by FIPSE (Fund for

the Improvement of Post-SecondaryEducation). Thus far, eight NorthAmerican universities have registeredas participants in this project: three inCanada, two in Mexico, and three in theUnited States.

The goals of this program are threefold.

First, and most obviously, studentmobility is instrumental to the facilitationof continued economic and culturalintegration which has proven inevitablebut also beneficial to the expansion ofeach countrys respective nationaleconomy. Second, participation inexchanges aid students in attaininginternational skills useful for their futurecareers, whether in their homecountries or abroad. Finally, immersionin a foreign culture and context providesinnumerable personal benefits forstudents: adaptability to new

environments, self-knowledge andconfidence.

About 300 to 400 Canadians participatein exchanges through the IAM annually.Thanks to policy coordination betweenthe three national governments,academic credits are easily transferredbetween countries and funding defraysa significant portion of student costs.Seventy-eight projects have beensuccessfully approved by the Programin Canada alone, involving as manypost-secondary institutions from allparts of Canada. These projects are

related to fields as varied asarchitecture, business, engineering,health, law, geology, agriculture,veterinary medicine, tourism, andenvironmental studies.

For the 2006 round, federal funding willprovide up to $160, 000 per project overfour years. Project proposals competeto win one of about ten grants. Studentmobility will be an important issue fordiscussion at this years Triumvirate-what are the best practices? How canwe improve upon our existing programsefficiency and innovation? The dialogue

between students, educators, industryleaders and policymakers which will beundertaken in Mexico City will serve asa paradigm for the new demands of ourglobal economy.

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Fonds dinvestissement nord-amricain : Alignement des astres ou utopie?

Paradoxalement, tout en alimentant lactuel mouvement de repli qui secoue les tats-Unis, la pression migratoire la frontiremexicaine pourrait raviver lide dune intgration approfondie de lAmrique du Nord, commencer par la cration dun fondsdinvestissement pour favoriser le dveloppement du Mexique. Portrait de lide persistante dune autre faon de faire.

par Jean Franois Bouthillette

Malgr leurs sourires de circonstance,les dirigeants mexicain, amricain etcanadien nont pu faire oublier lombrequi planait sur lALENA et sur leursommet du 31 mars dernier, Cancn.Cette ombre, ctait celle du projet dedurcissement des politiquesdimmigration amricaines, adopt endcembre par la Chambre desreprsentants. Promu parlultraconservateur JamesSensenbrenner, il prvoit notamment la

criminalisation de limmigrationclandestine et ldification dun mur lelong de la frontire mexicaine.

Le dbat ce sujet divise aujourdhui laclasse politique amricaine, le Snat sepenchant son tour sur la question.Pendant ce temps, dans plusieursgrandes villes des tats-Unis, descentaines de milliers de personnes sontdescendues dans la rue ces derniressemaines. Ce sont surtout desimmigrants en rgle ou illgaux, trsmajoritairement latino-amricains. Ilsdemandent la rgularisation des sans-

papiers et protestent contre lesmesures muscles envisages par leCongrs.

Derrire le courant de repli amricainquils contestent, il y a notamment laforte pression migratoire et lesproccupations quelle soulve quant la scurit nationale. Or, cette pressionest intimement lie la gigantesquedisparit entre lconomie mexicaine etcelles de ses partenaires de lALENA.En ce domaine, 12 ans de libre-change nont pas port les fruitspromis : si le volume des changes

commerciaux sest accru, la populationmexicaine nen a pas bnfici.

Le million demplois annuels attendus,par exemple, nont pas t au rendez-vous. Ces emplois sont pourtantncessaires face au nombre quivalentde nouveaux travailleurs que la seuleralit dmographique dverse, chaqueanne, sur le march du travail

mexicain. La pauvret endmique dansles tats du sud cre un flot migratoirevers le nord du pays, o sont installesles entreprises exportatrices. Tous netrouvent pas lemploi recherch.Beaucoup choisissent la route destats-Unis, en clandestins .

Chaque jour, jusqu 5000 immigrantsillgaux tentent de gagner en douce leterritoire amricain et prs de 500 yparviennent. Selon le groupe de

recherche amricain Pew HispanicCentre, plus de la moiti des quelque12 millions dimmigrants illgauxprsents au pays sont Mexicains.

Cette relation entre cart dedveloppement et pression migratoire at souligne par la rpute publicationThe Economist, dans lditorial de sonpremier numro davril. Sous le titre Sense, not Sensenbrenner , ellepresse la classe politique amricaine dereconnatre que la croissanceconomique du Mexique serait unesolution plus adquate que la

rpression au problme migratoire.

Lhebdomadaire britannique, o lelibralisme conomique sous-tendantlALENA a bonne presse, prcise que sice dveloppement passe dabord pardes rformes fiscales et nergtiquesau Mexique, il pourrait aussi treacclr par la cration dun fondsdinfrastructures financ pour moitipar les Amricains. Pour lditorialiste,les dollars du mur seraient ainsiplus intelligemment investis dans lesroutes mexicaines. [U]n Mexique plusriche, rsume-t-il, signifie des tats-

Unis plus riches et plus en scurit.

UNE IDE PERSISTANTE

Cette ide de fonds dinvestissementnest pas nouvelle. Sitt entr enfonction, en 2001, le prsident mexicainVicente Fox avait plaid pour un ALENA-plus . Sa vision duneAmrique du Nord plus intgre incluait

justement une proposition de fonds dedveloppement inspire des fonds decohsion de lUnion europenne (UE).

Ces fonds europens, mis en place parle trait de Maastricht, visaient rduirelcart qui sparait les conomies lesplus faibles de lUnion des autres. Enleur rendant accessibles plus de 400milliards deuros depuis 1992, ces fondsont permis au PIB per capita de payscomme lEspagne et lIrlande de

rattraper la moyenne de lUE. Lesconomies fortes y ont gagn ensouvrant ces nouveaux marchs et enrduisant la pression migratoire leursportes, notamment.

Des voix se sont leves en Amriquedu Nord pour proposer un mcanismecomparable. Deux principaux scnariosse sont dmarqus. Dabord, celui dunfonds leuropenne , financ parles rgions nanties dAmrique du Nordet vou renforcer les infrastructures etlducation dans les rgions moinsdveloppes. Le second modle, celui

dun fonds nergtique, financerait uneexploitation accrue de ressourcesnergtiques mexicaines etaugmenterait lexportation vers lestats-Unis garantissant ainsi, selonses dfenseurs, des liquidits au sud etla scurit nergtique au nord.

Cest toutefois une fin de non-recevoirqui a accueilli la proposition de M. Foxaprs les attentats du 11 septembre2001, les changes bilatraux ayant tfavoriss pour des considrationsscuritaires. Pour certainsobservateurs, labsence de volont

politique dans le sens dunapprofondissement, Washington,avait dj sonn le glas du fondsdinvestissement, avant mme quunvrai dbat ne samorce ce sujet.Projet mort-n?

Non. , rpond, catgorique, ChristineFrchette, prsidente et fondatrice duForum sur lintgration nord-amricaine

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(FINA). Cre en 2002, cette ONGdfend notamment une plus grandeintgration nord-amricaine et lacration dun tel fonds.

Les Mexicains nont pas t constants

dans la promotion du fondsdinvestissement, reconnat-elle. Maiselle souligne que si le prsident Fox arapidement abandonn lide, dautresont pris le relais. Certains universitaires,parlementaires, ONG et think tankscontinuent de la promouvoir.

UTOPIE OU OPPORTUNIT?

Mme Frchette est consciente de ceque la dynamique nord-amricaine esttrs diffrente de celle de lUE, qui estaussi une intgration politique. Elleestime que la rduction des carts

conomiques demeure nanmoins danslintrt des signataires de lALENA.

Or, en Amrique du Nord, on a cruque le libre-change suffirait, dit-elle,mais on ne peut pas laisser aller lesseules forces du march et croire quece sera la rponse tout. Ellesoutient que 12 ans aprs lALENA,devant la stagnation du Mexique, ondoit faire le constat dun chec partiel etenvisager de nouveaux moyens commele fonds dinvestissement.

Tout le monde ne partage pas,

toutefois, son enthousiasme ce sujet.Dautres observateurs, sans remettreen question limportance dudveloppement du Mexique nilinsuffisance du seul libre-changepour y arriver, estiment quun tel projetne pourra jamais voir le jour. Cest que

lapproche amricaine, dominante, nevise rien dautre selon eux que lafacilitation des changes commerciaux.

Pour certains analystes, la puissancedisproportionne de Washington par

rapport ses partenaires fait en sorteque toute intgration supplmentaire ne peut tre, dans lesfaits, quun alignement sens uniquedes politiques canadiennes etmexicaines sur celles des tats-Unis.Autrement dit : une subordination defacto des deux pays au Congrsamricain, ce qui ne saurait garantirque leurs intrts nationaux respectifssoient servis. Pour ces observateurs,toute autre forme dintgration estexclue.

Lconomiste Angel de la Vega

Navarro, de la Universidad NacionalAutnoma de Mxico (UNAM), est deceux qui ont des rserves face lapplicabilit du projet de fondsdinvestissement. Lide de lALENAna jamais t autre chose que defavoriser la libre circulation des biens etdes capitaux : les tats-Unis onttoujours t trs clairs ce sujet ,estime-t-il. Il rappelle que le prsidentSalinas, signataire mexicain de laccord,nenvisageait lui-mme rien dautre : Trade, not aid, rptait-il.

Selon M. de la Vega Navarro, cette

orientation na pas chang et nepourra changer sans que lesAmricains ne le souhaitent, ce quilcroit peu probable. Jai limpressionque toutes ces ides [dintgrationapprofondie, de fondsdinvestissement], cest bel et bien

fini , a-t-il affirm en entrevue auTrilatHerald.

Pour Christine Frchette, le projet nestpas moribond. Au contraire. Dabord,les changements de garde rcents ou

venir dans les capitales pourraientfavoriser, selon elle, une nouvelleapproche. Mais, surtout, le contexteactuel pourrait faciliter la progression deces ides aux tats-Unis : cest eux,estime-t-elle, qui payent le plus grosprix pour labsence dententes non-commerciales .

Cest dailleurs la ngligence de tellesententes qui a men, dit-elle encore,aux drapages comme le projet deloi Sensenbrenner. Or, le dbat quecela suscite aux tats-Unis pourraitinciter les Amricains envisager de

nouvelles avenues.

Les semaines venir rvleront quelpoids la communaut latino-amricainedes tats-Unis peut avoir sur lopinionpublique et le Congrs, quand elle semobilise. Plutt silencieux jusquici, ses40 millions dmes en font la plus vastedes minorits amricaines.

Les proccupations scuritaires desAmricains, bien quelles paraissentaller contre-courant dune intgrationapprofondie de lAmrique du Nord,sont peut-tre la cl de cet

approfondissement. Pour dautres, ellesen sont dj la tombe.

Immigrants non-autoriss aux tats-Unis : Quelques chiffres

Population estime dimmigrants non-autoriss en mars 2006

aux tats-Unis : 11,5 12 millions

Proportion de latino-amricains : 78 % (environ 9millions)Proportion de Mexicains : 56 % (environ 6,5millions)

Source : Pew Hispanic Center

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Rough Road Ahead for Dispute Settlement Negotiationsby Joffre LeBlanc & Jean-Franois Bouthillette

Mexican and Canadian legislators willsurely face some major obstacles in thedays ahead at the commission ondispute settlement, as the Americandelegation declared it will not acceptany resolution with a clause onjurisprudence, "no matter whathappens".

With a frankness rarely seen indiplomatic circles, American Congress

representative, Gabriel Goy

Documents

Final Report 2006