FINAL REPORT URBAN AUDIT 2006 - circabc.europa.eu · UA 2006/2007 – final report Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia 2 The final report presents work and results of the

FINAL REPORT

URBAN AUDIT 2006 (Grant agreement NO 72501-2006-001-486)

Country: Slovenia, Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (SORS) NUAC: Ms. Renata Rejec

Ljubljana (source: http://www.slovenia.info)

Maribor (source: http://www.slovenia.info)

UA 2006/2007 – final report Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia

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The final report presents work and results of the Urban Audit Project 2006/2007. 1. OVERVIEW Description of the work The Urban Audit Project 2006 is the continuation of collecting comparable data for European cities. The main aim is to complete the existing database for included European cities. In the past years data were collected for the following spatial levels:

• National level • LUZ – Larger Urban Zone • CC – Central City • SCD – Sub City Districts

In the case of Slovenia data were collected for city Ljubljana (large size city) and for city Maribor (medium size city) namely for the following spatial units:

• Podravska statistical region (LUZ) • Osrednjeslovenska statistical region (LUZ) • Municipality of Ljubljana (CC) • Municipality of Maribor (CC) • and data for quarter city communities and local communities (SCD units).

In 2006 variables were collected for the following fields:

• Demography • Nationality • Household Structure • Housing • Health • Crime • Labour Market • Economic Activity • Income, Disparities and Poverty • Civic Involvement • Local Administration • Education and Training provision • Educational qualifications • Climate/Geography • Air quality and Noise • Water • Waste Management • Land Use • Travel Patterns • Users and Infrastructure • Local e-Government


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• ICT sector • Culture and Recreation • Tourism

Main activities in the framework of the Urban Audit Project 2006:

A) Identification of variables The aim of this task was to mark the availability of data with special marks:

• A (available) • B (can be estimated) • C (can not be estimated).

In the previous phase - when we collected data for the reference year 2001 - the Population Census was the most important source. Census data were applicable for different urban audit domains: population, nationality, household structure, housing, health, educational qualification and travel patterns. In the Urban Audit 2006 we tried to find other suitable sources inside the Statistical Office (surveys, registers, etc.) and also in the other organisations inside the public sector (Ministry of the Interior, Institute of Public Health, and Environmental Agency of the Republic of Slovenia). Additional help at data collecting was also providing from both cities included in the project. In the first two months after the signing of the agreement when we were preparing the classification about the availability of requested variables we realized that some fields are “problematic”, because for 2004 we could not use data from the Population Census. We could provide data only from some sample surveys, but data from sample surveys are not reliable at all requested levels. As problematic the following fields were marked: • Household Structure • Housing • Income, Disparities, Poverty • Labour Market • Travel Patterns • Users and Infrastructure. In the framework of this phase we prepared the list of identified variables in the agreed format. The list was sent to Eurostat. The list of identified variables represented first, rude estimation about the availability of data. Later, when we were collecting data at particular field we found some difficulties about the availability (e.g. data are not reliable enough to be published). That is the reason for some differences between the list of identified variables and the number of collected data at the end.


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B) Compilation of variables (category A and B) The aim of this task was to collect data from different sources. The majority of data were available at the Statistical Office. For other data, which were not available inside the Statistical Office, we reinstated contact with other organizations. Data were collected for all requested spatial units, most of them for the reference year 2004. In some cases, where data for the reference year 2004 were not available we collected data for 2005 or 2003. We also tried to collect some data for the reference year 2001, namely for those variables which were introduced in the Urban Audit 2006. We also estimated some missing data. The experts from the Department for Sampling and Surveying Methodology were involved. Estimation techniques are described below. All collected data were transmitted to Eurostat in the agreed format.

C) Compilation of variables for the large city audit The large city audit is a new data collection that involves all “non-Urban Audit cities” with more than 100 000 inhabitants in the EU. In Slovenia only two cities – Ljubljana and Maribor – have more than 100 000 inhabitants. All other cities have 50 000 inhabitants or less. This means that Slovenia did not involve additional cities (LCA) in the Project.

D) Participate in the quality control In the Urban Audit Project data are collected for many different statistical fields. Because of that it is important that data are checked by using different multivariate and univariate controls. This is an opportunity to find incorrect data. It is also a good chance to compare data with data which were collected in the previous phase and try to improve the quality of data. At our Statistical Office we checked potentially erroneous data. Timetable of the project The Grant Agreement for the action entitled “Urban Audit 2006” between European Commission / Eurostat and the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia was signed on 11 December 2006. Tasks Deadline Start of the project t Identification of variables t + 2 months Compilation of variables for the Urban Audit in the following domains 1.1 Population 1.2 Nationality 4.1 Civic involvement

t + 3 months


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4.2 Local administration

Compilation of variables for the Urban Audit in the following domains 1.3 Household structure 2.1 Housing 2.2 Health 2.3 Crime 3.1 Labour market 3.3 Income disparities and poverty 7.1 Travel patterns 8.1 Users & infrastructure 8.2 Local e-Government 8.3 ICT sector 9.1 Culture and recreation 9.2 Tourism

t + 6 months

Compilation of variables for the Urban Audit in the following domains 3.2 Economic activity 5.1 Education and training provision 5.2 Educational qualifications 6.1 Climate / geography 6.2 Air quality and noise 6.3 Water 6.4 Waste management 6.5 Land use 6.6 Energy use

t + 9 months

Compilation of variables for the Large City Audit t + 9 months Participate in the quality control of variables t + 11 months Participate in the quality control of indicators t + 12 months Compilation of maps for the spatial units of additional Urban Audit cities

t + 6 months

Compile a final operational report t + 18 months Spatial units In the framework of the Urban Audit Project spatial units for Slovenia have not been changed since the first Urban Audit collection (for the reference year 2001). Slovenia is included in the Urban Audit Project with two cities. The first is Ljubljana, which is the main urban settlement and the capital city of the Republic of Slovenia and is located in the Municipality of Ljubljana (Urban Audit spatial code SI001C). The Municipality of Ljubljana is part of a wider area called the Osrednjeslovenska statistical region (Urban Audit code SI001L). The Municipality of Ljubljana is divided into 17 city quarter communities: Bežigrad, Center, Črnuče, Dravlje, Golovec, Jarše, Moste, Polje, Posavje, Rožnik, Rudnik, Sostro, Šentvid, Šiška, Šmarna Gora, Trnovo and Vič. In the Urban Audit Project city quarter communities are the basis for Sub-city districts. Due to Eurostat’s criteria (number of inhabitants) for Sub-city districts, some


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city quarter communities were combined. In the case of Ljubljana only two city quarter communities – Šentvid and Šmarna Gora – were combined. The second city which is included in the Urban Audit Project is Maribor. Maribor is the main urban settlement in the north-eastern part of the country and the second biggest city in Slovenia. It is located in the Municipality of Maribor (Urban Audit code SI001C). The Municipality of Maribor is part of a wider area called the Podravska statistical region (Urban Audit code SI001L). The Municipality of Maribor is like the Municipality of Ljubljana divided into 17 city quarter communities and local communities. City quarter communities are Studenci, Pobrežje, Brezje-Dogoše-Zrkovci, Radvanje, Ivan Cankar, Tabor, Magdalena, Nova vas, Center, Koroška vrata and Tezno, while local communities are Brestanica-Gaj, Kamnica, Limbuš, Pekre, Razvanje, and Malečnik-Ruperče. In comparison with Ljubljana, in Maribor more city quarter communities and local communities were combined. Because SCD units were combined to meet the criteria of minimum 5 000 inhabitants in the framework of the Urban Audit Project data are collected for 16 SCD units in Ljubljana and for 10 SCD units in Maribor. At the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia data are collected for original administrative units and combined by a query into Urban Audit SCD units. In accordance with Eurostat request data in the Urban Audit Project should be provided at three spatial levels: - Larger Urban Zone (LAU) - Central City (CC) - Sub-City districts (SCD). In 2003 Slovenia proposed to Eurostat the following spatial units:

- City Ljubljana - LUZ (SI001L) - Osrednjeslovenska statistična regija (statistical region, NUTS

3 level) - CC (SI001C) - Municipality of Ljubljana (LAU 2 level) - SCD -16 SCD units, based on city quarter communities

- City Maribor

- LUZ (SI002L) - Podravska statistična regija (statistical region, NUTS 3 level) - CC (SI002C) - Municipality of Maribor (LAU 2 level) - SCD -10 SCD units, based on city quarter communities and local communities

The above mentioned proposal was adopted in 2003. In the following tables and figures Slovenian Urban Audit spatial units are presented.


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Figure 1: Larger urban zone units and Central City units in Slovenia


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Table 1:Sub-city units in Ljubljana

City Sub City Districts Combined SCD units for Urban Audit UA code

Ljubljana City quarter community CENTER CENTER SI001D00001

City quarter community ČRNUČE ČRNUČE SI001D00002

City quarter community GOLOVEC GOLOVEC SI001D00003

City quarter community JARŠE JARŠE SI001D00004

City quarter community MOSTE MOSTE SI001D00005

City quarter community ROŽNIK ROŽNIK SI001D00006

City quarter community TRNOVO TRNOVO SI001D00007

City quarter community VIČ VIČ SI001D00008

City quarter community BEŽIGRAD BEŽIGRAD SI001D00009

City quarter community POSAVJE POSAVJE SI001D00010

City quarter community ŠIŠKA ŠIŠKA SI001D00011

City quarter community POLJE POLJE SI001D00012

City quarter community RUDNIK RUDNIK SI001D00013

City quarter community SOSTRO SOSTRO SI001D00014

City quarter community ŠENTVID

City quarter community ŠMARNA GORA

ŠENTVID IN ŠMARNA GORA1 SI001D00015

City quarter community DRAVLJE DRAVLJE SI001D00016

1 City quarter community Šmarna gora has fewer than 5000 inhabitants. Because of that we combined Šmarna gora and Šentvid.


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Table 2:Sub-city units in Maribor

2 Local communities Brestanica-Gaj and Kamnica have fewer than 5000 inhabitants. Because of that we combined Studenci, Brestanica-Gaj and Kamnica. 3 City quarter community Brezje-Dogoše-Zrkovci has fewer than 5000 inhabitants. Because of that we combined Pobrežje and Brezje-Dogoše-Zrkovci. 4 Local communities Limbuš, Pekre and Razvanje have fewer than 5000 inhabitants. Because of that we combined Radvanje, Limbuš, Pekre and Razvanje. 5 Local community Mlečnik-Ruperče has fewer than 5000 inhabitants. Because of that we combined Ivan Cankar and Malečnik-Ruperče.

City Sub City Districts Combined SCD units for Urban Audit UA code

Maribor City quarter community STUDENCI

Local community BRESTERNICA-GAJ

Local community KAMNICA

STUDENCI with neighbouring KS2 SI002D00001

City quarter community POBREŽJE

City quarter community BREZJE-DOGOŠE-ZRKOVCI POBREŽJE in BREZJE-DOGOŠE-ZRKOVCI3 SI002D00002

City quarter community TABOR TABOR SI002D00003 City quarter community MAGDALENA MAGDALENA SI002D00004

City quarter community RADVANJE

Local community LIMBUŠ

Local community PEKRE

Local community RAZVANJE

RADVANJE with neighbouring KS4 SI002D00005

City quarter community NOVA VAS NOVA VAS SI002D00006 City quarter community IVAN CANKAR

Local community MALEČNIK-RUPERČE IVAN CANKAR with neighbouring KS5 SI002D00007

City quarter community CENTER CENTER SI002D00008 City quarter community KOROŠKA VRATA KOROŠKA VRATA SI002D00009

City quarter community TEZNO STUDENCI with neighbouring KS SI002D00010


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Figure 2: Sub-city units in Ljubljana

Figure 3: Sub-city units in Maribor


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2. FROM DOMAINS TO DOMAINS DEMOGRAPHY Demography is one of the most extensive domains. It includes population, nationality and household structure. Population: The majority of data on population was requested for all three basic spatial units (national level, LUZ units and CC units), some of them also for SCD units. At SORS we collected all requested data at national level, and almost all requested data for LUZ units and CC units. We were not able to provide data only for two age groups; 0-2 and 3-4 (one-year age groups). The reason is that Statistical Office was until the end of 2004 receiving data on foreigners at lower territorial levels only by five-year age groups. In this phase the source of data was administrative, namely the Central Population Register kept by the Ministry of the Interior. The Central Population Register has been the source for the number of population since 1985. It is a collection of data on persons with registered residence in the Republic of Slovenia. In the previous phase the source of data was the Population Census. Some general explanations on population According to the present statistical definition, population of Slovenia consists of:

− citizens of the Republic of Slovenia with permanent residence in Slovenia, excluding those who went abroad for more than three months and gave notice of their departure at the administrative unit of their permanent residence,

− foreigners with issued permission for permanent residing in the Republic of Slovenia, who have a registered permanent residence,

− foreigners with issued permission for temporary residing in the Republic of Slovenia, who have a registered temporary residence,

− foreigners with a valid work permit or a business visa, who have a registered temporary residence in Slovenia,

− persons according to the Asylum Act to whom the asylum and refugee status were granted in the Republic of Slovenia (refugees).

Citizens of the Republic of Slovenia are persons with Slovenian citizenship and permanent residence in Slovenia. Citizens of the Republic of Slovenia temporarily residing abroad are citizens of the Republic of Slovenia with registered permanent residence in Slovenia who have been abroad for more than three months and gave notice of their departure at the administrative unit. Citizens of the Republic of Slovenia, excluding citizens temporarily residing abroad, are citizens of the Republic of Slovenia with registered permanent residence in Slovenia, excluding persons who have been abroad for more than three months and gave notice of their departure at the administrative unit. Foreigners are: – persons with foreign citizenship and permission for permanent or temporary residing in the

Republic of Slovenia, who have a registered residence in Slovenia,


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– persons with foreign citizenship and valid work permit or business visa, who have a registered temporary residence in Slovenia,

– persons without established citizenship or without citizenship, who have a registered permanent or temporary residence in Slovenia,

– persons to whom the asylum and refugee status were granted in the Republic of Slovenia according to the Asylum Act (refugees).

Residence is a settlement in which a person has his/her registered permanent or temporary residence; permanent residence is a settlement in which a person settled or registered with the intention of living there permanently; temporary residence is a settlement in which a person temporarily lives or is temporarily registered and is, as a rule, outside the settlement of permanent residence. Figure 4: Final coverage of data on population

100,0

85,7 85,7 85,7 85,7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

National level LUZ 1 (SI001L) LUZ 2 (SI002L) CC 1 (SI001C) CC 2 (SI002C)

spatial units

%

At the level of SCD units only 11 out of 42 variables (i.e. 26.2% of all variables on population) were requested. We were able to provide data for all requested variables. Data refer to the citizens of the Republic of Slovenia, excluding citizens temporarily residing abroad. Due to the administrative source, the final coverage of data is high and the quality of data is good. Nationality Only six variables were requested at this field. The coverage of data is rather poor. Generally we were able to provide data at national level. Short overview by variables:

- Residents who are nationals; data refer to the citizens of the Republic of Slovenia, excluding citizens temporarily residing abroad. Data are available for all territorial units


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- Nationals born abroad; data refer to the citizen of the Republic of Slovenia with permanent residence in Slovenia. Data are available for all territorial units.

- All other variables on nationality; we were able to provide data only at national level. Data refer to persons with foreign citizenship.

Due to census data in the previous Urban Audit phase the availability of data on nationality was slightly better. If most of the countries have problems with the availability of data, it is reasonable that in the future these variables will be dropped or changed. Figure 5: Final coverage of data on nationality

100,0

33,333,333,333,3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


spatial units

%

Household structure Household structure statistics is one of the most problematic items concerning the Urban Audit 2006. In comparison with the previous Urban Audit phase, when we used data from the Census, availability of data in the Urban Audit 2006 is lower. To avoid empty fields, we tried to prepare some estimates. The expert from the Department for Sampling and Surveying Methodology prepared some estimates from the EU-SILC survey. Data from the EU-SILC survey refer to 2005. Despite the efforts we did not manage to prepare all the necessary data.

In the EU-SILC observation units are households and persons aged 16 and over who live in these households and have been selected at random from the Central Population Register. These selected persons and their addresses determine the households that shall be interviewed. One part of the questions refers to the household as a whole, whereas the other part of the questions refers to the persons who live in the household – and there is also an additional set of questions which refers to the selected persons.

The survey is in fact a panel; therefore, the selected persons and households participate in the survey for 4 consecutive years. The sample consists of 4 rotating sub-samples: every year a


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quarter of the respondents who have already participated in 4 consecutive surveys is eliminated and simultaneously a new quarter of persons is introduced and interviewed for the first time.

Every year the sample on average consists of 13,500 persons/households, whereas the method of selection and weights enable us to generalize the response data to the entire population and to all the households.

All estimates are calculated using the HORVITZ-THOMPSON estimator of total ∑=s k

kyt

πˆ ,

where y is the study variable (e.g. dummy variable with 1 if a household fulfils certain

conditions and 0 otherwise) and kπ is the inclusion probability of unit k regarding the

sampling design which has been used (kπ are usually calibrated due to non-response).

Measures of accuracy are calculated using the SAS procedure SURVEYMEANS. Figure 6: Availability of data on household structure

23%

46%

31%

available (A)

not available (C)

estimation from EU-SILC (B)

SOCIAL ASPECTS The social aspects statistics includes the following fields: housing, health and crime. Housing The field of housing consists of several themes: dwellings, living conditions, homeless persons, price, etc. The majority of data at that field, especially data on households and dwellings, were estimated from the EU-SILC survey. In principle estimates were provided for all necessary spatial units. More information about the survey and estimation technique is described above. Data on the “number of dwellings” are based on the dwelling stock. The balance of the dwelling stock is a


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combination of data on dwellings collected with the Census of Population, Households and Housings in the Republic of Slovenia in 2002 and data collected with regular statistical reports. Data on homeless persons were taken over from the National Report prepared for FEANTSA. The National Report was prepared by Ms. Maša Filipovič from the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Social Sciences. In general data on homeless persons in Slovenia are mainly obtained through various official bodies, mainly the Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Affairs and also from some other ministries (Ministry of the Interior, Ministry of Justice). The National Report prepared for FEANTSA fully describes how the data are gathered. Data are mostly available for national level. Data on average price are provided by municipalities. Due to this fact data are available only for municipal level (CC units). Even though we combined different sources of data, we could not provide data for all requested variables. Data for some variables are available only from the Census. Health As you can see in the figure bellow approximately 60 percent of data were available at SORS, all other data we received from the Institute of Public Health. This is one of the fields where we provided all requested data for all spatial units. Figure 7: Source of data on health

63%

37%

Statistical Office

Institute of Public Health


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Figure 8: Final coverage of data on health

100 100 100 100 100

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


spatial units

%

Crime Data on crime were prepared by the Ministry of the Interior - Police. Values represent the number of criminal offences for which the Police give criminal charges or supplement of criminal charges. Data are given in accordance with the Penal Code (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, No. 95/2004): - Number of murders: All finished murders are included. - Number of car thefts: Penal Code of the Republic of Slovenia, Articles 211, 212 and 213.

Only passenger cars are included. - Number of domestic burglaries: Penal Code of the Republic of Slovenia, Article 212, first

and second indent. Above mentioned data were prepared for all urban audit spatial units (national level, LUZ, CC and SCD). Data on the incidence rate of victimisation are not available for the reference year 2004. For the reference year 2001 data at national level and central city level (only for Ljubljana) are available. Reason: the Survey was lastly carried out in the 2001/2002 period.


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Figure 9: Final coverage of data on crime

80 80 80 80 80

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


spatial units

%

ECONOMIC ASPECTS Labour Market Labour market includes 48 variables. We prepared estimates from the Labour Force Survey. Labour Force Survey results are estimates based on the probability sample and are subject to sampling errors. The 2004 Labour Force Survey is a rotating panel survey conducted continuously through the year. Each household is interviewed five times according to the rotation pattern 3-1-2 (households are interviewed for three consecutive quarters, excluded for one quarter, and included for another two consecutive quarters). The panel part of the sample are households included in the survey for the second, third, fourth and fifth time. It represents four fifths of the sample. The new part of the sample is composed of households included in the survey for the first time. A stratified simple random sample is used. In 2004 the panel part of the sample included 21,082 households, while the new part included 8,128 households. Stratum allocation is proportional to population distribution by statistical regions and type of settlement. The collected data are weighted for: i) unequal probability of selection and ii) non-response, and post-stratified according to statistical regions (12 groups), age groups (8 groups) and sex. The overall non-response rate was 13.9% and the refusal rate was 9.0%. In the new part of the sample the non-response rate was 22.5% and the refusal rate 15.3%. In the panel part of the


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sample the rates were 10.7% and 6.8%, in the telephone interviewing they were 10.9% and 6.9% and in the face-to-face interviewing 7.7% and 4.4%. The sampling errors were estimated for the key variables. For the ILO unemployment rate the standard 95% confidence interval equals 6.0–6.7%, for the employment/population ratio 54.6–55.9% and for the number of persons in employment 931,000–956,000. Data are principally prepared for the national level, the LUZ level (statistical regions, NUTS3 level) and the CC level (LAU level 2 units). Where estimation is 500 units or less, it is not provided, because in this case estimation is treated as inaccurate.

All estimates are calculated using the HORVITZ-THOMPSON estimator of total ∑=s k

kyt

πˆ ,

where y is the study variable (e.g. dummy variable with 1 if a household fulfils certain

conditions and 0 otherwise) and kπ is the inclusion probability of unit k regarding the

sampling design which has been used (kπ are usually calibrated due to non-response).

Measures of accuracy are calculated using the SAS procedure SURVEYMEANS. For sub – city units we could provide estimates only for one variable – Total economically active population (EC1001V). Estimates for SUB-CITY district were prepared by the following procedure: Municipality Ljubljana (CC unit) and Municipality Maribor (CC unit) are divided into smaller units (local communities and city quarter communities). In the Urban Audit these smaller units present SUB-CITY districts. We calculated estimates for Total Economically Active Population for SUB-CITY units by dividing municipal data for Total Economically Active Population at the same share as municipal population data are divided. In the Urban Audit Project data from the Labour Force Survey were given in 1 000 units. Data under 4 000 units were marked as less accurate estimate, while data under 1 000 units were not given. These data are counted as inaccurate estimate. In some cases definitions are insufficient. For example: - Residence in Self Employment - Residence in Paid Employment In our case Residence in Self Employment are self-employed persons plus unpaid family workers while Residence in Paid Employment are persons in employment minus self-employed persons minus unpaid family workers.


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Figure 10: Availability of data on labour market

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


spatial units

not requested

not available

available

Economic activity Economic activity is one of the most heterogeneous fields. This field includes data on GDP, companies and jobs (employment). Due to heterogeneousness we used different sources to provide all necessary data. In general the final coverage of data on economic activity is more than 90%. Data on GDP are available at national level and the level of statistical regions (in the case of the Urban Audit statistical regions are LUZ units). The Statistical Office does not produce data on GDP at municipal level (in the case of the Urban Audit municipalities are CC units). Data on GDP; The main sources of data are annual accounts and balance sheets of companies and organisations, annual data of tax authorities on operation of unincorporated enterprises and self-employed persons, basic statistical surveys, tax records, financial statistics, balance of payments of the Bank of Slovenia and other sources. The calculation covers all activities following the concept of production by the 1993 System of National Accounts (SNA 1993) and the 1995 European System of Accounts (ESA 1995). Data on regional GDP; Regional accounts are a subsystem of national accounts where specified spatial units (in our case statistical regions) are the main object of survey. Concepts used in regional accounts are the same as those used in national accounts. The purpose of the statistical survey is to estimate regional gross value added (GVA) by activities, and regional gross domestic product (GDP). Sources for this statistical survey are national accounts data, the Statistical Register of Employment, the Monthly Survey on Wages and Persons in Paid Employment in Companies, Enterprises and Organizations, the Business Register of Slovenia, tax data, production data and various other statistical data sources. The


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calculation covers all activities following the concept of production by the 1993 System of National Accounts (SNA 93) and the 1995 European System of Accounts (ESA 95). Data on companies, etc.; The source of data on enterprises in Slovenia is the Statistical Business Register (SPR), which is kept and maintained by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (SORS) on the basis of Article 33 of the National Statistics Act and CR 2186/93 on Community coordination in drawing up business registers for statistical purposes. The basic source for the SPR is the administrative Business Register of Slovenia (PRS), which has been kept on the basis of Article 71 of the Payment Transactions Act (OJ RS No. 30/02) since 15 July 2002 by the Agency for Public Legal Records and Related Services. In addition to data in the PRS, the sources for the SPR are also data from other administrative records and data collected in accordance with the national program of statistical surveys. In the SPR some missing data are imputed according to the appropriate statistical methodology. Data on new business registered are not completely in accordance with the Urban Audit definition. Data are shown according to the definition from the Business Demography Methodological Guidelines. Definition: Enterprise birth is the creation of a combination of production factors with the restriction that no other enterprises are involved in the event. Events such as mergers, break-ups, split-offs, change in the legal form or reactivations are excluded from newly born enterprises. Data on employment (jobs); the source of data is the Statistical Register of Employment. The register was set up on the basis of the Census of Employees in 1986. It is updated from M-forms, i.e. registration data for pension, disability and health insurance, parental protection insurance, unemployment insurance and records on employment (M-1, M-2, M-1A, M-3, M-3A, M-DC). Data on registered unemployed persons and job vacancies are forwarded by the Employment Service of Slovenia. The register covers persons in paid employment who have employment contracts and self-employed persons who have compulsory social insurance (pension, disability and health insurance, parental protection insurance and unemployment insurance). Persons working under copyright contracts, contracts for work/service and citizens of the Republic of Slovenia working in Slovenian enterprises, on construction sites, etc., abroad are not covered. Data that were given in the Urban Audit include

- persons in paid employment in enterprises and other organisations - persons employed by self-employed persons and - self-employed persons (individual private entrepreneurs, own account workers, farmers)

broken down by the place of work. Income, disparities and poverty This field was already indicated as questionable in the previous Urban Audit phase when we were collecting data for the reference year 2001. Because we could not obtain data at the mentioned field, results of the previous phase were bad. This time we managed to prepare some estimates from the EU-SILC survey. The procedure was the same as described at the household structure. Although we tried to make some estimates, the final coverage of data at this field is still rather poor. The figure below shows the availability of data at national level,


21

LUZ and CC level. For SCD units estimates were not prepared, except for variable “total number of households relating to the reported household income”. In this case data are equal as reported for variable “total number of households (excluding institutional households)” under the household structure domain. Figure 11: Availability of data on income, disparities and poverty

54,5

45,5not available

estimations

CIVIC INVOLVEMENT Civic involvement On civic involvement we collected approximately 50% of requested data. The reason for partial availability of data is that city elections in Slovenia were carried out in 2002 and 2006. That means that data for the reference period (2003-2005) do not exist. Data on members of municipal councils elected in 2002 were already given in the previous phase. Data on 2004 election to the National Assembly were provided by the National Electoral Commission. Data were not published at the level of SCD units. Data on election of Slovenian members to the European Parliament which was held on 13 June 2004 were sent to the Statistical Office by the National Electoral Commission. This was the first time that the Republic of Slovenia elected its representatives after joining the European Union in May 2004. Data cover candidates and elected deputies of the National Assembly and candidates and elected members of the European Parliament.


22

Local administration Data on local administration were requested for CC level. We were able to provide all necessary data. All data which were sent in the framework of the Urban Audit 2006 were provided by municipalities. TRAINING AND EDUCATION Education and training provision Data sources on education and training are regular annual statistical surveys. Coverage in regular annual statistical surveys from the field of education and training is full. Data are classified according to the locality of school (or kindergarten) and not according to the permanent residence of children. Data on kindergartens are collected as of 30 September of the current school year. Data on kindergartens also cover children with special educational needs attending special class units of kindergartens. Data on enrolment in elementary, upper secondary, post-secondary vocational and higher education refer to the beginning of the school year – as of 15 September of the current school year. Data are prepared on the basis of the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) of 1997.

Figure 12: Availability of data on education and training provision

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


spatial units

not requested

not available

available

Educational Qualification The data source on educational structure of population for 2004 is the Labour Force Survey. We could prepare estimates for all requested data at all spatial units. Some data for SCD units


23

are considered as less accurate or inaccurate. In the case of inaccurate estimates data were not published. For all further information please look at the Labour market domain. Data are prepared on the basis of the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) of 1997.

ENVIRONMENT Climate / Geography

We received data on climate from the Environmental Agency of the Republic of Slovenia. The Environmental Agency is a body of the Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning. It performs expert, analytical, regulatory and administrative tasks related to the environment at the national level. Thus the Agency's mission is to monitor, analyse and forecast natural phenomena and processes in the environment, and to reduce natural threats to people and property. These tasks are performed by the national services for meteorology, hydrology and seismology. The Agency's mission is also to monitor environmental contamination and to provide reliable public environmental data; to this end, the Agency has the appropriate measuring network and laboratories in place. Its mission of exceptional importance is, moreover, to meet the requirements regarding environmental protection deriving from the regulations in force, to preserve natural resources and the biotic diversity and to ensure sustainable development of the country.

Data for the Municipality of Ljubljana (SI001C) are from the meteorological station Ljubljana – Bežigrad which is the main meteorological station in Ljubljana. Data for the Municipality of Maribor (SI002C) are from the meteorological station Maribor – Tabor, but only data on air temperatures and precipitations. Because the meteorological station Maribor – Tabor does not provide data on sun duration, these data are from the meteorological station Maribor – letališče/airport. All requested data were collected.

Average monthly air temperature is calculated from observations at 7.00, 14.00 and 21.00 local time using the formula (t7 + t14 +2 x t21): 4. Average annual values are calculated from the average monthly values. Precipitation is measured daily at 7.00. A day with rain or a day with snow is a day on which at least 0.1 mm of the respective precipitation fell at the weather station within a period of 24 hours (from 7.00 to 7.00 on the following day). If rain and snow fell simultaneously or alternately within this period, the day is classified as a day with rain and snow.

Air quality and noise

In comparison with the previous Urban Audit phase the field of air quality and noise was changed. Some variables were dropped and some new variables were added. In spite of the fact that variables at that field were changed we could not provide data. The Environmental Agency of the Republic of Slovenia informed us that data on noise are not available because of current legislation. Current legislation demands only measurements of the level of noise in selected areas. Because of new legislation it is predicted that in 2007 the Environmental Agency of the Republic of Slovenia will evaluate the number of residents exposed to noise. Unfortunately, data will be available only for Ljubljana but not for other cities.


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This time half of variables (air quality) were collected centrally.

Water

Data on water rationing cases, water cuts and price of domestic water at municipal level (CC units) were prepared by municipalities. Data on consumption and data on the drinking water system and sewage treatment system are available at SORS. Data on water exploitation are sent by enterprises and other organisations responsible for managing public waterworks and public sewage systems. The public water supply network provides at least 10 m3 of water per day or supplies at least 50 people. The public sewage system covers waste water treatment plants with the capacity of at least 50 population units. Data on public waterworks and public sewage systems are monitored by settlements and river basins. Data on “number of dwellings connected to a drinking water system” refer to the number of connections to the water supply system. Data on “number of dwellings connected to a sewage treatment system” refer to the number of connections to the sewage system. Data on “percentage of the urban waste water load (in population equivalents) treated according to the applicable standard” are not available. The mentioned “applicable standard” in Slovenia has been valid from the end of 2005 onward. Waste management Data on waste were available only at national level except data on annual amount of solid waste (domestic or commercial). These data were not only available at national level, but also at municipal level (CC units). Data on public waste removal were obtained from business entities that were given the license by the municipality to carry out the public service of collecting and removing municipal waste (form KO-Z). The survey covers only municipal waste from groups 20 (Municipal waste – household waste and similar commercial industrial and institutional waste, including separately collected fractions) and 15 01 (packaging – including separately collected municipal packaging waste) from the List of Waste. Land use We were able to provide some data. The sources of data on land use are different: - the Register of Spatial Units - the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food - Statistical Land Cover and Land Use GIS. Data on total land area were taken over from the Register of Spatial Units, which is kept by the Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia. Data on water are excluded. The source of data on water was Statistical Land Cover and Land Use GIS. Land cover category water includes rivers, lakes, artificial lakes, liquid waste basins and saltpans. The source of data on wetland was the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food. Swampy meadows, swamps, reeds and other marshy areas are included. Statistical Land Cover and Land Use GIS was also the source of data for land area in housing/residential use. Data


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collected in the framework of the Urban Audit refer to built-up areas. Built-up areas cover buildings with yards, kitchen gardens, parking lots, storage places, defined by buffering the centroids of houses with a 20m radius, areas between and in proximity to buffered centroids of houses that are not under vegetation determined with photointerpretation of SPOT 1997 satellite data. Statistical Land Cover and Land Use GIS was also the source of data for land use for transport. In our case national roads and train rails are included. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food was the source of data on green space area and land used for agricultural purposes: Green space areas include: - arable land - hop fields - other permanent crops on arable landvineyards - nurseryintensive orchards - extensive orchards - olive groves - other permanent crops - meadows and pastures - swampy meadows - overgrown areas - forest plantations - riparian overgrowth and forest hedges - uncultivated agriculture land - forest trees on agricultural land - forest - dried open areas with special vegetation Land use for agricultural purposes includes: - arable land - hop fields - other permanent crops on arable landgreen houses - vineyards - nurseryintensive orchards - extensive orchards - olive groves - other permanent crops - meadows and pastures - swampy meadows - forest trees on agricultural land.


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Figure 13: Availability of data on environment

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


spatial units

collected centrally

not requested

not available

available

TRAVEL AND TRANSPORT Travel patterns In comparison with the previous Urban Audit phase the availability of data in this phase was worse. In the previous phase the source of data was the Census, which means that we could collect the majority of data. In this phase data from the Census were not suitable anymore. The great part of data was collected by both municipalities, particularly data on public transport. That means that data are available only for municipal level (CC units). A minor part of data at that field – particularly data on cars/motor cycles registered and data on road accidents – was gathered by the Ministry of the Interior. These data are available for all requested spatial units. At the end we managed to provide approximately half of data for CC units.


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Figure 14: Availability of data on travel patterns at CC level

55%32%

13%

available

not available

collected centrally

INFORMATION SOCIETY Users and Infrastructure Some estimates were also prepared on “users and infrastructure”. Estimates were obtained with the annual survey about the usage of Information-Communication Technologies (ICT) by households and by individuals. The goal of the survey is to measure the usage of computers and other ICTs, how many people in Slovenia are Internet users and for what purposes they use the Internet.

In this survey observation units are individuals aged from 10-74 and their households. The individuals have been selected form the Central Population Register. Two stage stratified design had been employed in this survey: at the first stage clusters of enumeration areas have been selected and at the second stage 8 persons were selected. The selected persons and their addresses determined the households that were interviewed. One module of the questionnaire refers to the household, whereas the other module refers to the selected person.

All estimates were calculated with Sudaan 9.0, »SAS Callable« procedure »PROC DESCRIPT«.


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Local e-government Data on local e-government were requested only for CC units. Data were collected by municipalities. ICT sector We managed to provide all necessary data on the ICT sector. The source for a part of data (number of persons) was the Statistical Register of Employment. The source for the other part of data (local units) was the Statistical Business Register. Both registers were described above. Some data at the field of information society were marked as less accurate or inaccurate. Figure 15: Final coverage of data on information society

100,0 100,092,9

0

10

20

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50

60

70

80

90

100

National level CC 1 (SI001C) CC 2 (SI002C)

spatial units

%

CULTURE AND RECREATION

Culture and recreation

The Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia collects most data on culture by statistical surveys. The exception is the data on book production and periodicals and newspapers. Since 1991 these data have been collected and processed by the National and University Library in Ljubljana. The same is for the data on libraries. Since 1990 data on libraries have been collected by the National and University Library in Ljubljana, which is the central library in Slovenia. In the Urban Audit 2006 we collected all necessary data at the central city level (municipalities). The sources of data on culture are SORS’s surveys and the National and University Library.


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Tourism

Data on tourism were available only for two variables (overnight stay and available beds). Data at high/low season are not available. The source of data is monthly statistical surveys.

Data on the capacity of accommodation establishments (number of rooms and beds) and data on tourist arrivals and overnight stays are obtained monthly from enterprises, companies and organisations offering accommodation to tourists or providing such service as an agency, as well as from individuals who let private rooms. The questionnaires are usually compiled from the reception service records. Data on the capacity of accommodation establishments (number of rooms and beds) and data on tourist arrivals and overnight stays are based on full coverage.

Data on air passengers refer to the Airport Ljubljana (more precisely the Jože Pučnik Airport) although the airport is not located in Ljubljana. It is located approximately 30 km from Ljubljana, near the city of Kranj (municipality Cerklje na Gorenjskem) in the Gorenjska statistical region.

Airport Ljubljana is the biggest international airport in Slovenia. It is the only Slovenian Airport providing scheduled service flights and with more than 15000 passenger units per year.

Near Maribor (municipality Hoče – Slivnica in the Podravska statistical region, approximately 10 km from Maribor) is another airport - the Airport Maribor (more precisely the Edvard Rusjan Airport). The airport Maribor is smaller than the airport Ljubljana, providing only charter flights and with less than 15000 passenger units per year. In accordance with the regulation, for those airports countries are not obligated to provide data. Because of that we did not provide data for Maribor in the framework of the Urban Audit.

In our case the object of observation is airport.


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3. CONCLUSION

If we look at the analyses about the availability of data in the framework of the Urban Audit Project 2006, we can see that countries which are included in the Project generally have problems with non-availability at the same statistical fields. These fields are:

- Household structure - Housing - Income, disparities and poverty - Air quality and noise - Travel patterns.

The most frequent reasons for non-availability of data are:

- Data are available only from the Census. - In accordance with current legislation individual country is not (yet) obliged to provide

data - Inaccuracy of data (estimates) at lower levels - Data are not available at the Statistical Office and we have difficulties with providing the

data from other sources.

We are thinking which of the following alternatives is better:

1. To keep a long list of variables (more than 300) 2. To make a shorter list of main variables

In the case of “long list variables” we can expected that countries will have problems with data collecting at some fields, especially for the reference years when the Census can not be the data source. Some countries are able to provide some estimation, but in the case of estimation countries need additional human and financial resources. Besides that, making estimates is rather unpredictable – sometimes the end result is not useful. If countries are not able to provide data, at long last, that means gap fields in data collection. It is deceptive for users to claim that more than 300 variables are being collected in the Project if data for variables are not collected/published. Perhaps it is time to think about the list of variables. Maybe we can find some variables that we can drop and this will not endanger the objective of the Project. For example: data on resident population for one-year age groups (0-2, 3-4, etc.).

In the last phase of the Project we encountered one more problem. In some cases definitions are still insufficient. The national coordinator is the organizer of the Project and not an expert for all statistical fields. During the process of data collecting the coordinator needs help from other statistical departments where counsellors for individual fields are. In some cases they expressed the opinion that definitions are rather poor.

Documents

FINAL REPORT URBAN AUDIT 2006 - circabc.europa.eu · UA 2006/2007 – final report Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia 2 The final report presents work and results of the