The Can Crusher Group 12 Stanley Andrews Brandon Jefferson

Motivation

•Wanted to incorporate more electrical and software design into the idea of the “Can Crusher”

•Use pneumatic cylinders (3 pneumatic cylinders in this project)

•Thought it would be something different from previous senior design projects

Objectives• Step 1: Can or water bottle is placed into the trash can. Can/Water bottle enters

hopper and waits for it to be identified by the optical and reflective sensor. • Step 2: Double acting cylinder pushes the object and sends it to the can crusher . • Step 3: Sorter determines route of the object based on feedback from the sensors. • Step 4: If object is a water bottle, it will be routed towards a push cylinder and

crushed• Step 5: If the object is an aluminum can, it will be routed towards a push cylinder

and crushed• Step 6: Push cylinder crushes the aluminum cans and water bottles and sends

remains to the storage bin• Step 7: Process continues until storage sensor alerts operator that storage bin is

90% filled.• Step 8: Once storage reaches 90%. Can crusher goes into “Stop” mode. Items from

storage bin, can then be removed.

Features

• Fully automatic Can Crusher and Sorter • Detect when an object is placed in the hopper• Be able to distinguish between an aluminum can and a water

bottle • Sort the water bottle into a separate storage bin from the

aluminum cans• Detect when the storage bins are 90% full • Will have three different modes “Standby”, “Operational

(Go)”, “Stop”

Hopper

Full view of the Hopper Inside the Hopper

Hopper

• Where the bottle and cans will be placed • Be able to hold 8 FL oz. water bottle and

12oz. aluminum cans • Two sensors are mounted to detect the

object inside the hopper

Sensors

•Parallax Ultrasonic Sensor•Reflective Optical Sensor

Parallax Ultrasonic Sensor

• Part a) Sensor is sending a ultrasonic pulse but object is outside of operating distance

• Part b) Sensor facing object at a angle. Pulse is reflected at another angle

• Part c) Sensor is facing object on level plane but object is too small. Will not reflect transmitted signal

Parallax Ultrasonic Sensor

PING Ultrasonic Sensor

Detector Type Ultrasonic

Dimensions 16 x 46 x 22(mm)

Peaking Operating distance

2(cm)-3 (m)

Supply Current 30 mA

Voltage 5 V

Reflective Optical SensorBanner SM2A312LV

Detector Type

Retro-reflective

Dimensions 66 x 12.2 x 30.7 (mm)

Peak operating distance

50mm – 2m

Output current

Minimum of 5 mA

Voltage 24- 240 V AC

TCRT5000 Reflective Optical Sensor

Detector type Phototransistor

Dimensions 10.2 x 5.8 x 7(mm)

Peak operating distance

2.5 mm

Output current 1 mA

Emitter Wavelength

950 nm

Voltage 5 V

Reflective Optical Sensor• Get the best results (peak

operating distance) at 2.5 mm• One of the challenges will be to

get it close enough to the object stored in the “hopper”

Aluminum Cans/ Water bottles

Terms of Service

•We ask that all contents are empty •All objects must be placed horizontally in the hopper•By default system will be in “standby mode”, once an

object is placed inside, the system will go into operational mode

• If storage bin is full no objects will be crushed.

Design OverviewHopper

Sensors

Pneumatic cylinder

Can Crusher

Sorter

Storage bin

Hopper

Sensors

Pneumatic cylinder

Can Crusher

Sorter

Storage bin

Sorter• The idea is called the “Swinging lid”

• Uses a pneumatic cylinder to be able to “swing” the lid and alter the objects path

• Routes Aluminum Cans to proper bin

• Routes Water bottles to proper bin

Motors/ Air CompressorElectric motors Air Compressor

Pros • Uses Standard Outlet • Option to convert AC to DC • Very Compact and small to

maneuver and place anywhereCons• Most motors only have one speed• No way to speed up or slow down

the project• Very Expenses for high power

motors

Pros• Uses a Standard Outlet• Able to adjust the air pressure • Ability to control the speed of the motor by

the PSI• Option to convert AC to DC• Not to expensive economy for the budget• Can use air solenoid valves that can control

of a multiple operated air pressure components

Cons• Tank will have to be refilled when low on air • Will need multiple air hoses• Very big hard and to hide and maneuver • Very loud when filling up the tank

Air Compressor

Horsepower (HP) 0.33 HP

Tank Capacity (Gallons) 2.0 Gal

Tank Type Portable

Voltage 120 V

Amps (Amps) 2.0 A

Price $99.99

Air Compressor DeWalt

Horsepower (HP) 1.6 HP

Tank Capacity (Gallons)

4.5 gal

Tank Type Portable

Voltage 120 V

Amps (Amps) 15.0 A

Max Pressure 200 PSI

Price Free

Pneumatic cylinders

•Two Mini cylinder •Double Acting Cylinder (can crusher)

Cylinders Kick-Door

Sorter

Can Crusher

Kevinkrusher 11.0

KevinKrusher II.0

Chamber Length 6 1/2" minimum

PSI 60 -120

Cylinder Type Double action

Mounted Vertical or Horizontal

Price $157.00

Can Crusher

• Double Action Stroke Pneumatic Cylinder

• Max Pressure: 1.0 Mpa• Diameter: 8.5mm (Approx.)• Thread Rod Diameter: 9mm

(Approx.)• Size: 4.5 x 4.5 x 32cm• Price $38.98

Mini Cylinder

• Double Action• Max Pressure: 1.0 Mpa• Diameter: 1- 1/16”• Cylinder Type: Stainless Steel • Rod Thread Length : 0.50 inches• Price: $37.50 (each)

Air Solenoid Type: 2 Position 5 way

Voltage: 12V DC

Power 2.5W

Current .208 Amps

Valve Fittings: 1/8" BSPT (British standard pipe tapered)

Total Needed 3

Price $ 11.39 (each)

Micro ControllerATMega 328p

Operating Voltage 5 V

Input Voltage (recommended)

7-12 V

Input Voltage (limits)

6-20 V

Digital I/O Pins 14

Analog Input Pins 6

DC Current per I/O 40 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin

50 mA

Flash Memory 32 KB

Clock Speed 16

•Solenoids connected to 3 digital pins ( 8, 9, 10

•Ultrasonic Sensor & TCRT5000 connected to 4 analog pins (A0, A2, A3, A4)

•LEDS connected to 3 digital pins (5-7)

Software code

•Hopper (object detection)•TCRT5000•Ultrasonic Sensor•Loop

Automatic Can Crusher Schematic

Printed Circuit Board

Storage Bins

• Two storage bins • Aluminum Can and Water Bottle • Each bin will have Parallax

Ultrasonic sensor • Once storage reaches 90%. Can

crusher goes into “Stop” mode

EnclosureTrash Can Cabinet

LEDs

Green• Operational mode

Yellow• Standby Mode• Default

Red• Stop Mode

LED Schematic

Power Supply

120 AC

Transformer AC/DC• Fuse• Switch (On/Off)

Bridge Rectifier

+- 12V regulator

• +-5V regulator

12 V DC• Air Solenoid (3)

5 V DC• Microcontroller

• LEDs• Sensors

Automatic Can Crusher Schematic

Work DistributionStanley Andrews Brandon Jefferson

Sensors Power Supply

Solenoids/ Cylinders Microcontroller

Printed Circuit Board Printed Circuit Board

Software Implementation Software Implementation

BudgetNomenclature Cost (each) Number Total Cost

Optical Sensor $29.99 3 95.35

TCRT5000 Reflective Sensor

$1.00 10 $10.00

Double Acting Cylinder

$37.50 2 $38.46

Mini Cylinder $16.47 1 $21.61

Air Solenoid $11.39 4 $57.54

Air Valve Fittings $1.48 14 $26.63

Air Valve Mufflers $1.19 8 $15.05

LEDs $1.99-$3.50 5 $20.00

Development Board $12 1 $14.78

Air Compressor $99.99 1 Free

PCB $65.00 1 $65.00

Air Regulator $19.99 1 21.18

Transfomer $30.00 1 $30.00

Miscellaneous $140.00

Total Cost $1040 $554.42

Progression

Overall

Testing

Prototype

Design

Research

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Issues• Ambient light affecting the

read out of the TCRT5000• Manipulating the

microcontroller to distinguish between a water bottle and aluminum can

• Water bottles not crushing• Placement of how the

object falls into the hopper affected if it was detected or not

•TCRT5000•Software Design•Water bottles•Ultrasonic Sensor

Questions