Final Exam ReviewSpanish 1

2014-2015Señora Fendig

Saludos (Greetings) Despedidas(Farewells)

SALUDOS:

• Hola. Hello.• Buenos días. Good morning.• Buenas tardes. Good afternoon. • Buenas noches. Good evening• ¿Cómo estás? How are you?• ¿Qué tal? How’s it going?

DESPEDIDAS (Farewells)

DESPEDIDAS: • Hasta luego. See you later. • Hasta mañana. See you tomorrow.• Nos vemos. We’ll see each other

soon. • Adiós. Good-bye. • Chao. ‘Bye.

Kisses on the cheek and hand-shaking

• Did you know? In Spanish-speaking cultures, it is not unusual for females of all ages to lean their faces in a give a slight cheek to cheek kiss, sometimes on one side, and sometimes on both sides of the face.

• Did you know? In casual settings, males in Spanish-speaking cultures will shake hands upon meeting or seeing each other. But males will give a slight cheek to cheek kiss to a female, in a casual setting. (In an office or formal setting, it would be a hand shake.)

“Familiar” vs. “Formal” Greetings

To a friend or family member The following greetings would be considered INFORMAL: • ¿Cómo estás? (How are you?)• ¿Qué tal? (How’s it going?)

• Heads up hint: The “as” ending on the end of “estás” would indicate that the subject of the question is “tú.” “Tú” is used with a friend to mean “you.”

To an adult (non-family) or a stranger:

• The following greeting would be considered FORMAL:

• ¿Cómo está usted? (How are you?)

• Heads up hint: The “usted” at the end of the question would indicate that the subject of the question is “formal you,” (usted), “Usted” is used with an adult to mean “you.”

Subject Pronouns

• Yo I• Tú you (familiar or “informal” – to a

child/friend/family/pet)• Él He• Ella She• Usted you (formal – to an adult/stranger)• Nosotros we• Ellos they• Ustedes you plural (or “y’all,” which some of us say if

we are from the southern United States) ☺

“Ud.” and “Uds.”

Heads up hint:The Spanish word “usted”

(formal you) can be abbreviated “ud.”

The Spanish word “ustedes (you plural) can be abbreviated “uds.”

“Ser o No Ser” That is the question!(To Be or Not to Be) ☺

In Spanish, the verb “TO BE (am, is, are)” is:

SERyo soy I amtú eres you are

él, ella, usted es he is/she is/you arenosotros somos we areEllos/ustedes son they/you plural are

The verb “ser” to ask and tell where you are from, or to describe personality, identify someone/thing, and

permanent characteristics:Yo soy de Georgia. I am from Georgia.

Tú eres alto. You are tall. Él, ella, usted es inteligente. He/she is, You are smart.

nosotros somos, We areellos/ustedes son They/you plural are

• Heads up hint: “de dónde” means “from where”

• ¿De dónde eres (tú)? (Where are you from?)– Soy de Estados Unidos. (I am from the U.S.)

• ¿De dónde son ustedes? (Where are you plural/y’all from?)

– Somos de Georgia. (We are from Georgia.)

The verb “ESTAR” (to be)THE verb “ESTAR” also means to be, but it is

used to express feelings (I am tired.) or location (We are in Madrid, Spain.)

Yo estoy cansado. I am tired.Tú estás felíz. You are happy. Ella/Él/Usted está aburridos. She…is bored.Nosotros estamos en Madrid. We are in Madrid. Ellos/ustedes están aquí. They/You pl. are here.

Teacher and Student Classroom Expressions

Español

• Abre tu libro. →• Escribe tu nombre. →• Levanta la mano. →• Repitan. →• Saca un lápiz/papel… →• Saca tu tarea. →• Mira la pizarra. →• ¿Cómo se dice…? →• Más despacio por favor. →• ¿Qué quiere decir…? →

Inglés

• Open your book.• Write your name.• Raise your hand.• Repeat. • Take out a pencil/paper. • Take out your homework.• Look at the board. • How do you say…?• Slower please. • What does … mean?

Present Tense Verb Endings

“ar” verbsSUBJECT VERB ENDING

yo otú asél, ella, usted (ud.), quién, Pablo, La chica, etc. a

nosotros, “someone y yo” amosellos, ustedes (uds.) Sam y Will, Mis amigos, etc. an

“er” and “ir” verbsSUBJECT VERB ENDING

yo otú esél, ella, usted (ud.), quién, Pablo, La chica, etc. e

nosotros, “someone y yo”

emos / imos

ellos, ustedes (uds.) Sam y Will, Mis amigos, etc. en

Some typical VerbsList #1 List #2

Estar → To be Ir → To go

Hacer → To do/make Pintar → To paint

Tener → To have Tener que → To have to…

Ser → To be Escribir → To write

Estudiar → To study Escuchar → To listen

Hablar → To speak/talk Leer → To read

Gustar → To like Vivir → To live

Bailar → To dance Cantar → To sing

Comer → To eat Correr → To run

List #3 List #4

Nadar → To swim Patinar → To skate

Trabajar → To work Llevar → To wear/carry

Llegar → To arrive Enseñar → To teach

Mirar → to watch, to look at

Preparar → To prepare

Sacar una buena nota

To get a good grade

Ayudar → To help

Buscar → To look for, to search

Contestar → To answer

Entrar → To enter Esperar → To hope/ to wait for

Necesitar → To need Pasar → To happen, to pass

Pasar un rato con amigos

To spend time with friends

Usar → To use

More VerbsList #5 List #6Comprar→ To buy Descansar To rest

Terminar→ To finish Tomar To take, to eat/ drink

Visitar → To visit Andar en bicicleta

To ride a bike

Caminar → (con el perro)

To walk, or walk the dog

Pasear To walk/ to stroll

Cenar → To eat dinner

Cuidar (a) To take care of

Hacer ejercicio→

To exercise Pintar To paint

Tocar → To play (an instrument)

Ver To see

Abrir → To open Aprender To learn

Comprender To understand Compartir To share

L:ist #7 List #8Recibir Receive

Vender → to sell

Alquilar → To rent Ir al cine To go to the movies

Ir de compras

To go shopping

This slide is for the year-long “Skinny” Spanish 1 Class only

e-ie “Stem-changing verbs”In Spanish, some verbs are stem-changing.

(ie)

Preferir (to prefer) EXAMPLE:

Venir (to come) Yo Quiero

Querer (to want) Tú Quieres

Merendar (to snack) Él, ella, usted Quiere

Cerrar (to close) Nosotros Queremos -no stemchange

Empezar ( to start/begin) ellos/ustedes Quieren

Entender (to understand)

Pensar (to think/plan)

Perder (to lose)

How to conjugate Stem-Changing Verbs

PENSAR e→ie

(to think)

piensopiensaspiensa

pensamospiensan

↑Note that

the ENDINGS above are the same as what you’ve already learned!

This column

type verb was NOT

taught 2014/2015:

SERVIR e→i

(to serve)

sirvosirvessirve

servimossirven

This column

type verb was NOT

taught DORMIR

o→ue(to sleep)

duermoduermesduerme

dormimosduermen

Special VERB to

play:

JUGARu→ue

(to play)

juegojuegasjuega

jugamosJuegan

Ex: Juego al tenis.

ORJuego tenis.

Heads up hint: If the subject of these verbs is “nosotros (we),” there is NO stem-change. Example: Pensamos, •NOT piensamos.

The verb “jugar” ( to play)

Jugar (ue) – to play NOTE: “al” before the sport is optional.

Yo juego (al) tenis.Tú juegas al baloncesto(basquetbol).

Él/ella/usted juega al béisbol.Nosotros jugamos al fútbol (norte)americano.

Ellos/ustedes juegan al fútbol. (soccer)

Special Expressions with “tener”Remember the conjugation of tener: tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen

• Tener sed• Tener hambre• Tener miedo• Tener frío• Tener calor• Tener …años• Tener suerte• Tener cuidado• Tener prisa• Tener razón

• To be thirsty• To be hungry• To be scared• To be cold• To be hot• To be… years old• To be lucky• To be careful• To be in a hurry• To be right

What is a verb INFINITIVE?

ANSWER: A verb infinitive is the verb in its “ar, er, ir” form, with the “ar, er, ir” still attached to the end.

Example: BEBER (to drink)

Tengo que beber agua. I have to drink water.Voy a tomar el examen. I’m going to take the test.

TENER QUE (“HAVE TO”)Formula: Form of “tener” + “que” + verb infinitive.

Tengo que estudiar. I have to study.Tienes que estudiar. You have to study.

Ella tiene que ir. She has to go.Tenemos que correr ahora. We have to eat now.

Tienen que hablar en inglés. They have to speak English.

The verb “gustar” SLIDE #1Me gusta → I like

example: Me gusta el chocolate. (I like chocolate.)

Te gusta → You like example: ¿Te gusta aprender español? (Do you like

learning Spanish?)

Le gusta → He/she/you (formal) like example : A la señora Fendig le gusta enseñar. (Mrs.

Fendig likes to teach.)

Nos gusta → we like example: No nos gusta bailar. (We don’t like to dance.)

Les gusta → They/you plural like example: A las chicas les gusta ir de compras.

(The girls like to go shopping.)

The verb GUSTAR (Slide #2)(This was NOT taught in

Spanish 1 2014-2015)

“gustar” really only can have 2 endings: “a” or “an.” Examples: Me gusta la clase. (I like a singular thing.) Me gusta estudiar. I like to study.Me gustan las clases. (I like plural things.)

The verb like (“gustar”) slide #3 (SUMMARY)

• Always put “me, te, le, nos, or les” in front of any form of “gustar.”

• Heads up hint: The verb gustar only has two forms: “gusta” and “gustan”

Example: Use “gusta” if you are stating that you like

ONE thing. Example: Me gusta la clase. (I like the class.)

Use “gustan” if you are stating that you like MORE THAN ONE thing. Example: Me gustan las clases.

• This year (2014-2015), you only worked with “gusta,” not “gustan.” (see previous slide.)

Irregular verbsHeads up hint: “Irregular” means that these verbs don’t like to stick to the regular verb endings, or they might have a weird spelling in one of

the forms, or other odd things. (Bummer)

hacer

(to make/ to do)

↓

estar

(to be)

Use forms of “estar” to tell location and feelings ↓

ser

(to be)Use forms of “ser” to tell descriptions, occupations, telling time, etc. ↓

ver

(to see)

↓

ir

(to go)

↓

hagohaceshacehacemoshacen

estoyestásestáestamosestán

soyeresessomosson

veovesvevemosven

voyvasvavamosvan

Days, Months, Seasons, DatesHeads up hint: Don’t capitalize months, seasons, or days of the week, unless they are the

first word of a sentence. lunes Monday

martesTuesday

miércolesWednesday

juevesThursday

viernesFriday

sábadoSaturday

domingoSunday

enero Jan.

febreroFeb.

marzoMar.

abrilApr.

mayoMay

junioJune

julioJuly

agostoAug.

septiembreSep.

octubreOct.

noviembreNov.

diciembreDec.

Vocabulary:

el mes = monthel día = day

la semana = weekel calendario = calendar

las estaciones →

la primaveraSpring

el veranoSummer

elotoñoFall

elinviernoWinter

¿Qué día es? ↓

¿Cuál es la fecha? ↓

¿Cuántos meses hay? ↓

¿Cuántas estaciones hay? ↓

What day is it? ↓

What’s the date? ↓

How many months are there? ↓

How many seasons are there? ↓

Note: For the FIRST of the month, don’t say Es el uno de… Instead, say es el “primero” de…

Es lunes. Es el 19 de diciembre.

Hay doce. Hay cuatro.

Adjectives

• Adjectives (descriptive words like big, tall, red, etc.) usually go AFTER the noun they describe.

example: Tengo una casa blanca. → I have a red house.

• Adjective endings “agree” in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural)

examples: the red coat → el abrigo rojo the red scarves → las bufandas rojas

• Adjectives that end in “e” don’t change to o/a examples: la maestra paciente, el abuelo paciente

Definite Articles (“the”) Indefinite Articles (“a/an/some”)

• “the” = el/la/los/las• “a/an” = un or una• “some” = unos/unas– Examples: the boy-el chico , the boys-los chicos

a girl –una chica, some girls-unas chicas the interesting scarf – la bufanda interesante

Possessive Adjectives

• my• your (familiar)• his/her/their/your (formal)• our

Heads up hint: Notice that the familiar “your” is tu, not tú with an accent. (Tú with an accent means “You.”)

• mi libro, mis libros• tu libro, tus libros• su libro, sus libros nuestro libro

nuestra familianuestros librosnuestras hermanas

Telling Time• ¿Qué hora es? = What time is it?

– For minutes :01 - :30, use “y” + the minutes Ex: 11:20 = Son las once y veinte.– For minutes :31-:59, use “menos” from the next hour that it’s about to be.

Ex: 2:50= Son las tres menos diez. Literally, “It’s three o’clock minus ten minutes.”

• Es la una. It is 1:00.• Son las dos,tres,cuatro… It is 2:00, 3:00, 4:00…• Es la una y cinco. It is 1:05.• Son las tres menos cinco. It is 2:55.

Heads up hint: If you see the word “menos” in a time expression, think, “Hmmm…it’s ALMOST the hour expressed here.” Example: Son las dos menos cinco. Think “Hmmm… it’s ALMOST 2:00, so it must be five til two (1:55.)

Note: I did not teach this concept so don’t study this slide.

The personal “a”

• Use the personal “a” when a PERSON is the direct object of a sentence.– Example: Yo veo a Madison. (I see Madison: The

direct object (Madison) is a person, so the personal “a” is used. )

But: Yo veo el tren. (I see the train: The direct object (train) is not a person, so there is no need to write the personal “a.”)

Saying what is “going to happen”

• Use the formula “ir + a + infinitive”– Remember the forms of “ir”: voy,vas,va,vamos,van

• Examples: – Nosotros vamos a dormir. We are going to sleep.– Ex: Voy a venir a tu fiesta. I am going to come to your

party.– Ex: ¿Cuándo vas a buscar el gorro? When are you going to

look for the hat?

Saying what someone “has to do”Remember the forms of tener: tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen

• Use the formula “tener + que + infinitive”– ¿Por qué tienes que estudiar para el examen final?– Tengo que estudiar para el examen final porque

tengo que sacar una buena nota.– Los maestros tienen que preparar la tarea

(homework).

Adverbs

• Before the verb:– Siempre (always)– Nunca (never) Ex: Nunca voy. I never go.– Rara vez (rarely)

• After the verb:– Mucho Ex: Voy mucho. I go a lot.– Poco

• Before or after the verb:– De vez en cuando (Every once in a while)– Todos los días (every day) Ex: A veces voy (or)– A veces (Sometimes) Voy a veces.

The weather

• ¿Qué tiempo hace?• Hace frío.• Hace viento.• Hace calor.• Hace sol.• Hace buen tiempo.• Hace mal tiempo.• Hace fresco.• Está nublado.• Está lloviendo. Llueve…• Está nevando. Nieva…

• What’s the weather?• It’s cold.• It’s windy.• It’s hot.• It’s sunny.• It’s good weather.• It’s bad weather.• It’s cool. • It’s cloudy.• It’s rainy. It rains….• It’s snowing. It snows…

Questions and Answers• ¿Cómo estás?• ¿Cómo te llamas?• ¿Quién es?• ¿Cuál es la fecha?• ¿Qué día es?• ¿Adónde vas?• ¿Dónde está ella?• ¿Por qué estudias?• ¿Qué hora es?• ¿Cuánto cuesta…?

• Estoy (bien/alegre…)• Me llamo Jake.• Es la maestra.• Es el diez de diciembre.• Es martes.• Voy al supermercado.• Está en la casa.• Porque me gusta.• Es la una y cinco.• Cuesta diez dólares.

More Questions and Answers• ¿Qué tiempo hace?• ¿Cuántos años tienes

tú?• ¿Qué te gusta hacer?• ¿Qué haces?• ¿Con qué frecuencia

(corres/haces ejercicio)?• ¿Cómo eres tú?• ¿Cómo es tu familia?• ¿Cuándo es la fiesta?

• Hace fresco.• Tengo quince/ dieciséis

años.• Me gusta leer.• Yo tomo el examen.• Yo corro de vez en

cuando. • Soy inteligente.• Mi familia es grande.• Es mañana./ Es el dos

de abril./ Es a las ocho.

El Vocabulario

• Locate all of your vocabulary lists from the course.• Here are the vocabulary themes we covered: greetings, colors,

numbers 0-100, days, months, seasons, family, likes and dislikes, people (mujer,hombre…), places, food, personality and appearance adjectives, clothing, school, computer terms, time expressions, question words, feelings, weather, body

• Click this link to see, hear, and practice our textbook vocabulary! We only got through chapter 3, and we did NOT cover saber/conocer/sports/stem-changing verbs http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/0078774004/student_view0/capitulo1/vocabulary_practice/index.html

The Spanish-speaking countries (of Central and South America)

• Know which ones they are and where they are.

• Click this link to practice: http://www.purposegames.com/game/spanish-speaking-countries-quiz

Culture• Spain: the euro, Madrid, shares Iberian Peninsula with

Portugal, located in Europe, Pyrenees Mountains, Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, proximity to Africa

• Puerto Rico: a territory of U.S. , San Juan is capital, President is Barack Obama

• Quinceañera: young woman’s 15th birthday celebration, how it is celebrated Latinos everywhere

• Día de los Muertos, Mexico• Cinco de Mayo (NOT Independence Day,

but celebrates a single battle won by te Mexican town of Puebla against the French, 1962) Mexico

• Latino values of family, faith, and hard work.