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Vertebrate Anatomy Labs
The Fetal Pig and You
WEEK #1: Vertebrate Anatomy I: Skin and Digestive Systems
• Review descriptions and illustrations of tissues from lab manual
• Observe prepared slide of skin
• Fetal Pig Dissection– *External anatomy– *Follow dissection instructions sequentially as detailed in lab manual– *Do not cut out a section of intestine (procedure 21.2 part J)
• Observe prepared slide of intestine cross-section
External anatomy
Male or Female?
Opening the oral cavity2. To expose structures in the mouth cavity, use heavy, sharp-pointed scissors to cut at the corners of the mouth along the line of the tongue.
Continue to cut until the lower jaw can be lowered, being careful notto cut into the tissues in the roof of the mouth cavity.
Continue to cut, pulling down on the lower jaw until your cuts reach the muscle and tissue at the back of the mouth.
Cut through this muscle until lowering the jaw exposes the back of the mouth cavity.
Incisions to open the abdominal cavity.Incision 1 makes a shallow midventral
incision from the base of the throat to the umbilical cord.
Incision 2 cuts around the umbilical cord to the medial surface of each leg.
Incision 3 cuts through the body wall laterally just posterior to the diaphragm.
Incision 4 cuts laterally at the posterior margin of the abdominal cavity.
Expose the digestive organs in the abdominal region by opening the posterior portion of the abdominal cavity.
• Begin the dissection by using the scalpel to make a shallow midventral incision from the base of the throat to the umbilical cord (incision 1).
• Cut lateral incisions (incision 2) around each side of the umbilical cord and continue the two incisions, one to the medial surface of each leg
• Now use the scissors to cut deep into one of the lateral incisions besidethe cord until you penetrate into the abdominal cavity, piercing the parietal
peritoneum. Use the scissors to cut through the body wall along the two lateral incisions to the legs and around the umbilical cord.
• Pull lightly on the umbilical cord. If your dissection is correct, you will see that the umbilical cord and ventral wedge of body wall could be reflected, or pulled back, toward the tail, except for a blood vessel, the umbilical vein. This vein passes from the umbilical cord anteriorly
toward a large brown organ, the liver. • Cut through this vein, leaving a stub at each end. Tie a small piece of
string around each stub so you can find them later. This should free the flap of body wall, which may now be reflected toward the tail, exposing the abdominal organs.
Pancreas
spleen
Stomach
Large intestineSmall intestine
Liver
Cecum
WEEK #2: Vertebrate Anatomy II: Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
• Fetal Pig Dissection– *Follow dissection instructions sequentially as detailed in
lab manual– *Dissection of neck and thoracic cavity– *Identify heart structures and great vessels– *Identify structures of the systemic circuit in the thorax– *Identify structures of the systemic circuit in the
abdominal cavity– *Examine fetal circulation– *Identify structures of the respiratory system
• Examine Sheep Heart demo
Week Two The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
• Begin the dissection by opening the thoracic cavity, which houses the heart and lungs, and making an incision that extends to the jaw.
• Use scissors to deepen the superficial incision previously made anterior to the abdominal cavity, and continue deepening this incision to the base of the lower jaw.
• Cut through the body wall in the region of the thorax, clipping through the ribs slightly to the right or left of the sternum (the flat bone lying midventrally to which ribs attach).
• Continue the incision past the rib cage to the base of the lower jaw.
• Using the blunt probe to separate tissues, carefully remove the skin and muscles in the neck region. You will expose the thymus gland on each side of the neck .
Neck region and Thoracic Cavity
• Expose the heart lying in the pericardial cavity between the two pleural cavities.
• Gently push open the rib cage, using scissors and a probe to cut through muscle and connective tissue. Another lobe of the thymus gland will be seen lying over the pericardial sac housing the heart. The wall of the pericardial sac is a tough membrane composed of two fused coelomic epithelial linings, the parietal pericardium and the parietal pleura.
• Cut into and push aside the pericardial sac. Carefully dissect away membranes adhering to the heart until you can identify the four chambers of the heart
Neck region and Thoracic Cavity
Thyroid gland
Thymus
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Larynx
Coronary artery and vein
Veins near the Heart
Arteries near the Heart
Abdominal branches of Aorta and Vena Cava
Respiratory system
WEEK #3: Vertebrate Anatomy III: Excretory, Reproductive and Nervous Systems
• Fetal Pig Dissection– *Identify structures of the excretory system-kidney– *Identify structures of the male reproductive system– *Identify structures of the female reproductive system
• Examine Pregnant Pig Uterus demonstration materials
• Observe prepared slide of kidney
• Observe prepared slide of neuron
• Observe prepared slide of spinal cord cross-section
• Cow eye dissection
Week ThreeExcretory, Reproductive, and Nervous systems
Male
Week ThreeExcretory, Reproductive, and Nervous systems
Female
Renal System
Urinary System
Urinary bladder
Female Reproductive Tract
Ovary
Male Reproductive Tract
Penis
Epididymis
Testes
Penis
Vas Deferens
Testicle
Epididymus
Urinary bladder
Umbilical artery
Rectum/colon
Vas Deferens
Ureter
Uterus with aminiotic sac visible
Cow Eye Anatomy
Follow dissection instructions in the lab handout
Cow Eye Anatomy
Microscope Slide Review
Ileum cross section
Integument
Note the Stratified Squamous Epithelium of the skin
Neuron
Spinal Cord cross-section
KidneyRenal Cortex
Renal Cortex
Renal Medulla Renal Medulla
