Mammalian Dissection - Fetal PigSignificant Structures and Physiological Adaptations

Cardiovascular System

1. Structure: HeartFunction: Forces blood through circulatory system, delivering

oxygen and nutrients.

2. Structure: ArteriesFunction: Deliver blood (usually oxygen rich) away from the heart.

3. Structure: VeinsFunction: Deliver blood (usually oxygen depleted) to the heart.

Mammalian Dissection - Structure, Function and Location

Mammalian Dissection - Structure, Function and Location

Respiratory System

4. Structure: TracheaFunction: Conducts air to and from the lungs.

5. Structure: LungsFunction: Responsible for the exchange of gases between the blood and atmosphere.

6. *Structure: DiaphragmFunction: Muscle responsible for aiding in breathing. Flattens on contraction, increasing volume in thoracic cavity.

Digestive System

7. Structure: StomachFunction: Receives and partially breaks down food. Limited nutrient absorption.

8. Structure: LiverFunction: Purifies blood, stores sugars, produces bile.

9. Structure: PancreasFunction: Produces digestive enzymes that enter small intestine.

10. Structure: Small IntestineFunction: Uses digestive enzymes to breakdown and absorb food products passed from stomach.

11. Structure: Large IntestineFunction: Absorbs water and eliminates waste.

12. Structure: CecumFunction: Contains microorganisms that help digest cellulose in herbivores.

13. Structure: RectumFunction: Storage area for feces that will be eliminated.

Mammalian Dissection - Structure, Function and Location

Mammalian Dissection - Structure, Function and Location

Lymphatic System

14. Structure: SpleenFunction: Stores and produces red blood cells and certain lymphocytes. Involved in cleansing blood and immune response.

15. Structure: KidneyFunction: Eliminates waste from the blood stream. Concentrates liquid wastes and eliminates excess water.

16. Structure: UreterFunction: Carries urine from kidney to urinary bladder.

17. Structure: Urinary BladderFunction: Stores urine prior to elimination.

Urinary System

Mammalian Dissection - Structure, Function and Location

Reproductive System

18. Structure: TestesFunction: Produces sperm and male sex hormones.

19. Structure: PenisFunction: Male organ of copulation and urination.

20. Structure: UrethraFunction: Tube that connects urinary bladder to urogenital opening where urine is expelled.

21. Structure: OvaryFunction: Produces eggs and female sex hormones.

22. Structure: UterusFunction: Location of embryonic development in females.

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Identification - Name these structures!

Significant Mammalian Physiological Adaptations

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Liver

#1: LungImportance of Adaptation: Well developed and efficient with lots of surface area. Important for

endothermy.

#2: HeartImportance of Adaptation: Large, strong 4-chambered heart. Important for endothermy.

#3: StomachImportance of Adaptation: Fairly large, allowing for

large food intake. Important for endothermy.

#4: Small IntestineImportance of Adaptation: Long and folded for

efficient nutrient absorption. Important for endothermy.

#5: KidneysImportance of Adaptation: Important for water

conservation on land.

#6: Reproductive OrgansImportance of Adaptation: Specialized for internal

fertilization. Important for survival on land.

Significant Mammalian Physiological Adaptations

#7Structure: Muscles and Limbs

Function: Movement and support of body.Importance of Adaptation: High muscle mass and 4 limbs contribute to rapid and efficient movement.

(possibly due to endothermy)

#8Structure: Ribs

Function: Protect and support organs in thoracic cavity.

Importance of Adaptation: Especially strong in vertebrates adapted to life on land.

#9Structure: Fat and Fur

Function: Insulation of heat.Importance of Adaptation: Thick fat layers and hair

prevent heat loss. Important for endothermy.

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Liver