Feasibility of Reviving Water Transportation Feasibility of Reviving Water Transportation Feasibility of Reviving Water Transportation Feasibility of Reviving Water Transportation

in the in the in the in the

Colombo Metropolitan RegionColombo Metropolitan RegionColombo Metropolitan RegionColombo Metropolitan Region

(CMR)(CMR)(CMR)(CMR)

G.L. Dimantha De Silva, G.L. Dimantha De Silva, G.L. Dimantha De Silva, G.L. Dimantha De Silva, G.L. Dimantha De Silva, G.L. Dimantha De Silva, G.L. Dimantha De Silva, G.L. Dimantha De Silva,

University of Calgary, CanadaUniversity of Calgary, CanadaUniversity of Calgary, CanadaUniversity of Calgary, Canada

Amal S. KumarageAmal S. KumarageAmal S. KumarageAmal S. Kumarage

Professor, University of MoratuwaProfessor, University of MoratuwaProfessor, University of MoratuwaProfessor, University of Moratuwa

25252525thththth October 2003October 2003October 2003October 2003

CIT Annual SessionCIT Annual SessionCIT Annual SessionCIT Annual Session---- ColomboColomboColomboColombo

Water TransportationWater TransportationWater TransportationWater Transportation

Freight Freight Freight Freight Public TransportPublic TransportPublic TransportPublic Transport RecreationalRecreationalRecreationalRecreational

Inland WaterwaysInland WaterwaysInland WaterwaysInland WaterwaysCoastal ShippingCoastal ShippingCoastal ShippingCoastal Shipping

Freight Freight Freight Freight Public TransportPublic TransportPublic TransportPublic Transport

((((Feasibility)Feasibility)Feasibility)Feasibility)

EconomicEconomicEconomicEconomic TechnicalTechnicalTechnicalTechnical OtherOtherOtherOtherEnvironmentalEnvironmentalEnvironmentalEnvironmental

Study Area

Northern CMR•Colombo-Puttalam Canal &

Kelani River

Central CMRCentral CMR•Beira System

Southern CMR•Bolgoda System & Kalu Ganga

Northern CMR

Historical BackgroundHistorical BackgroundHistorical BackgroundHistorical Background(“Dutch Waterways In Sri Lanka” www.Member.tripod.com/hettiarachchi/waterways.html)(“Dutch Waterways In Sri Lanka” www.Member.tripod.com/hettiarachchi/waterways.html)(“Dutch Waterways In Sri Lanka” www.Member.tripod.com/hettiarachchi/waterways.html)(“Dutch Waterways In Sri Lanka” www.Member.tripod.com/hettiarachchi/waterways.html)

• System of Canals dates back to times of King Vira Parakrama Bahu VIII of Kotte. (15th century) connecting the Ancient Sea Port of Negombo.

• Canal Between Negambo & Maha Oya. (By Dutch)

• Old Negambo Canal (Dutch Canal) was original cut by the Sinhalese King in 15th century, and then re cut by the Portuguese in 17 Century and then by Dutch.

• Gavin Hamilton , British Agent in 1802 started a new canal parallel to Dutch Canal. There is evidence that this canal was Constructed by Dutch. This resulted in the Hamilton Canal also known as – “Hamilton’s Folly’ or “Moda Ela’

Hamilton Canal Meets The Kelani Hamilton Canal Meets The Kelani Hamilton Canal Meets The Kelani Hamilton Canal Meets The Kelani

RiverRiverRiverRiver

Foot Bridge Across Canal At ElakandaFoot Bridge Across Canal At ElakandaFoot Bridge Across Canal At ElakandaFoot Bridge Across Canal At Elakanda

Total Length Total Length Total Length Total Length ---- 14.5 km14.5 km14.5 km14.5 km

Ave. WidthAve. WidthAve. WidthAve. Width ---- 15 to 18m15 to 18m15 to 18m15 to 18m

Ave. DepthAve. DepthAve. DepthAve. Depth ---- 1.5m at low tide1.5m at low tide1.5m at low tide1.5m at low tide

Hamilton Canal Meets Negambo Hamilton Canal Meets Negambo Hamilton Canal Meets Negambo Hamilton Canal Meets Negambo

LagoonLagoonLagoonLagoon

Fishing Boats Parked along the canalFishing Boats Parked along the canalFishing Boats Parked along the canalFishing Boats Parked along the canal

Highway Bridge & 4 Foot Bridges with Highway Bridge & 4 Foot Bridges with Highway Bridge & 4 Foot Bridges with Highway Bridge & 4 Foot Bridges with

Clearances of 2.4m vertical & 7.1m horizontal.Clearances of 2.4m vertical & 7.1m horizontal.Clearances of 2.4m vertical & 7.1m horizontal.Clearances of 2.4m vertical & 7.1m horizontal.

Travel Time Survey.c

Node

No Description

Node

No Description

N 01 Negambo Town N 02 Lellama 2.10

N 02 Lellama N 03 Munnakkaraya 1.50

N 03 Munnakkaraya N 04 Entry Negambo Lagoon 3.57

N 04 Entry Negambo Lagoon N 05 Negambo Lagoon ( Katunayake) 11.48

N 05 Negambo Lagoon ( Katunayake) N 06 Hamilton Canal (Lagoon End) 11.02

N 06 Hamilton Canal (Lagoon End) N 07 Ambagahawatte Bridge 1.47

N 07 Ambagahawatte Bridge N 08 Pamunugama Road Bridge 2.20

N 08 Pamunugama Road Bridge N 09 Pamunugama Foot Bridge 0.90

N 09 Pamunugama Foot Bridge N 10 Indigaslanda Road Bridge 2.60

N 10 Indigaslanda Road Bridge N 11 Pulluhena Road Bridge 3.65

Average

Speed

(km/hr)

27

Ha

milt

on

Ca

na

l -

Ne

ga

mb

o L

ag

oo

nWater

Body

Starting point End Point Average

Travel Time

(mts)

N 10 Indigaslanda Road Bridge N 11 Pulluhena Road Bridge 3.65

N 11 Pulluhena Road Bridge N 12 Mottanpandura Foot Bridge 2.10

N 12 Mottanpandura Foot Bridge N 13 Kadalawala Foot Bridge 2.47

N 13 Kadalawala Foot Bridge N 14 Pinwatta 3.03

N 14 Pinwatta N 15 Palliya Road Bridge (Convent) 1.03

N 15 Palliya Road Bridge (Convent) N 16 Uswettakiyawa Highway Bridge 4.70

N 16 Uswettakiyawa Highway Bridge N 17 Dikowita Bridge 6.67

N 17 Dikowita Bridge N 18 Elakanda Foot Bridge 4.80

N 18 Elakanda Foot Bridge N 19 Palliyawatte Highway Brdge 2.10

N 19 Palliyawatte Highway Brdge N 20 Hamilton Canal (River End) 1.80

22

Ha

milt

on

Ca

na

l -

Ne

ga

mb

o L

ag

oo

n

• Travel Time From Negambo Town To Kelani River Travel Time From Negambo Town To Kelani River Travel Time From Negambo Town To Kelani River Travel Time From Negambo Town To Kelani River ---- 70 mts.70 mts.70 mts.70 mts.

• From Hamilton Canal (River End) to New Kelani Bridge 10 mtsFrom Hamilton Canal (River End) to New Kelani Bridge 10 mtsFrom Hamilton Canal (River End) to New Kelani Bridge 10 mtsFrom Hamilton Canal (River End) to New Kelani Bridge 10 mts

Old Negambo Canal

• Runs Parallel to Hamilton Canal but Interior.

• Connects the Kelani River and Ja-Ela.

• Ja-Ela End is Blocked by a Sluice.• Ja-Ela End is Blocked by a Sluice.

• Navigable- depths insufficient.

• Some Sections filled for CKE.

• Widths Are Insufficient.

Puttlam Canal(Canal Between Negambo lagoon & Maha Oya)

• 1.6 km From Negambo Lagoon, Brick retaining Wall.

• Remaining 5.6 km to Maha Oya has steep slopes.

• Width Varies from 7 to 9m in Entire stretch.

• Water is stagnated and 70% of the canal is non Navigable due to in

sufficient depths.

• Bridges across the canal have sufficient clearances.

Kelani River

• One of the major rivers and the widest.

• Navigable up to Hanwella from sea estuary.

• Depth 1.2 to 1.5m in the navigable channel.• Depth 1.2 to 1.5m in the navigable channel.

• Main Water intake at Ambatale 15 km Upstream from Estuary

Colom bo 19. 0 Km Pili yandala 3.2 Km Kesbewa 2. 8 Km Polgasowi ta Kesbewa 8. 0 Km

Ho

ran

a

1.6

Km

Moratuwa University

BOLGODA LAK E

PA

NA

DU

RE

GA

NG

A

BO

LGO

DA

GAN

GA

Maha Oya

Uyanwat te Wew a

Kimbul Kotuwe Ela

Pinwala Ela

Walgam W ewa

Gammanpila Wewa

Aluthgama Wewa

Bolgoda Lake

BOLGODA LAKE

PANADURE GANGABOLGODA GANGA

Werassa Ganga

Map

of

Southern

7 km7 km7 km7 km

12.5 km12.5 km12.5 km12.5 kmK

eh

elle

na

wa

1.

8

Km

Ke

he

llena

wa

2.

4

Km

Teb

uw

an

a

1

KALU GANGA

BOLGODA LAKE

Moran Ela

Panape Ela

Keppu Ela

Alut Ela

Mahawel Ganga

Maw

ala E

la

Talpitiya Ela

Mawala Ela

Kep

pu E

la

Maha Ganga

Wew ita Wew a

Irri ga tion Chan ne l

INDIAN OCEAN

KALU GANGA

BOLGODA LAKE Keppu Ela

Alut Ela

Southern

CMR

12.7 km12.7 km12.7 km12.7 km

7 km7 km7 km7 km

• Mainly consists Natural Waterways Such as Bolgoda Lake , Bolgoda Ganga, Panadura Ganga, Etc.

• Canals were constructed dated back to 17th Century to link natural waterways.

HistoricalHistoricalHistoricalHistorical BackgroundBackgroundBackgroundBackground

• Transported Heavy machinery to the rubber plantations on the banks and rubber produced to the port of Colombo.

• Later used to transport logs and timber along Kalu Ganga and through Bolgoda Lake in the form of Rafts.

Kospalana Bridge Kospalana Bridge Kospalana Bridge Kospalana Bridge –––– University of University of University of University of

MoratuwaMoratuwaMoratuwaMoratuwa

Obstruction for NavigationObstruction for NavigationObstruction for NavigationObstruction for Navigation

Werasa – Panadura Ganga

Railway Bridge Railway Bridge Railway Bridge Railway Bridge ---- PanaduraPanaduraPanaduraPanadura Panadura Town In the vicinityPanadura Town In the vicinityPanadura Town In the vicinityPanadura Town In the vicinity

Bolgoda GangaBolgoda GangaBolgoda GangaBolgoda GangaBolgoda bridgeBolgoda bridgeBolgoda bridgeBolgoda bridge Ferry at Hirana ThotupolaFerry at Hirana ThotupolaFerry at Hirana ThotupolaFerry at Hirana Thotupola

Landscapes along the Bank of BolgodaLandscapes along the Bank of BolgodaLandscapes along the Bank of BolgodaLandscapes along the Bank of BolgodaSun BathingSun BathingSun BathingSun Bathing

Travel

Time

Survey

Node

No Description

Node

No Description

S 00 Werassa Ganga S 01 University of Moratuwa 6.38

S 01 University of Moratuwa S 02 Kospalana Bridge 2.08

S 02 Kospalana Bridge S 03 Willorawatte 6.57

S 03 Willorawatte S 04 St. Mitchel Island 3.83

S 04 St. Mitchel Island S 05 Indibedda Boat House 6.23

S 05 Indibedda Boat House S 06 Moratuwa Bridge 12.12

S 06 Moratuwa Bridge S 07 Koralawella 9.96

S 07 Koralawella S 08 Katukurunda Church 10.67

S 08 Katukurunda Church S 09 Egoda Uyana Bridge (New Road) 11.02

S 09 Egoda Uyana Bridge (New Road) S 10 Panadura Town 6.21

S 10 Panadura Town S 11 Panadura Railway Bridge 1.97

S 05 Indibedda Boat House S 12 6.63

Average

Speed

(km/hr)

Water

Body

Starting point End Point Average

Travel

Time (mts)

We

ras

sa

- P

an

du

ra

Ga

ng

a

10

SurveyS 05 Indibedda Boat House S 12 6.63

S12 S 13 Bolgoda Ganga Entry 8.00

S13 Bolgoda Ganga Entry S 14 Kahapola 11.25

S14 Kahapola S 15 Hirana New housing Scheme 6.58

S15 Hirana New housing Scheme S 16 Gonabedi Ferry (Hirana) 6.45

S16 Gonabedi Ferry (Hirana) S 17 Rukgaha Totupola 19.00

S17 Rukgaha Totupola S 18 Bolgoda Bridge 7.06

S18 Bolgoda Bridge S 19 Maswila 3.32

S19 Maswila S 20 Munanawatta 5.62

S20 Munanawatta S 21 Bolgoda Lake 11.55

Bo

lgo

da

Ga

ng

a -

Bo

lgo

da

La

ke

13

Avg. Time from Avg. Time from Avg. Time from Avg. Time from

•UOM to Panadura town is 70 mts

• UOM to Bolgoda (Bandaragama Road) is 83 mts

Alut ElaCanal Completely Dry at KirimatiyawaCanal Completely Dry at KirimatiyawaCanal Completely Dry at KirimatiyawaCanal Completely Dry at KirimatiyawaCanal At KorosduwaCanal At KorosduwaCanal At KorosduwaCanal At Korosduwa

Keppu ElaKeppu Ela Commence from Bolgoda RiverKeppu Ela Commence from Bolgoda RiverKeppu Ela Commence from Bolgoda RiverKeppu Ela Commence from Bolgoda River Canal Crosses Galtudawa BridgeCanal Crosses Galtudawa BridgeCanal Crosses Galtudawa BridgeCanal Crosses Galtudawa Bridge

Pelpola BridgePelpola BridgePelpola BridgePelpola Bridge Meets Kalu GangaMeets Kalu GangaMeets Kalu GangaMeets Kalu Ganga

Heen Ela

Beira Lake

Kelani Ganga

Beira Lake Heen Ela

Kelani GangaSt. Sebestian Canal

Map of Central CMR

Bolgoda Lake

Boralesgamu Wewa

Diyawanna Oya

Dehiwala Cannal

Kiralupona Canal

Wellawatte Canal

Werassa Ganga

Diyawanna Oya

Dehiwala Cannal

Kirillopone Canal

Wellawatte Canal

Bolgoda Canal

INDIAN OCEAN

Historical BackgroundHistorical BackgroundHistorical BackgroundHistorical Background

• Beira Lake

– Portuguese Period (1505 – 1658)

– Dutch Period (1658 –1796)

– British Period (1797-1948)

• Economic Usage of Beira Lake

• Kotte Lake and Wellawatte Canal

– “Padda Boats” Either punted or towed by men carrying loads of Salt, Cinnamon, Coconut, Timber Was a Common Site.

Beira Lake

Covers 65.4 hects. and Mean depth of 2mCovers 65.4 hects. and Mean depth of 2mCovers 65.4 hects. and Mean depth of 2mCovers 65.4 hects. and Mean depth of 2m

Four BasinsFour BasinsFour BasinsFour Basins

Galle Face Lake

South West Lake

•East LakeEast LakeEast LakeEast Lake

•West LakeWest LakeWest LakeWest Lake

•Galle face LakeGalle face LakeGalle face LakeGalle face Lake

•South West LakeSouth West LakeSouth West LakeSouth West Lake

Lake house Lock and

East Lake

Stagnated West Lake

Kotte Ela – Wellawatte Canal

• Most Potential Water body for public transport

with navigable length of 8.1 km.

• Access to 4 Major Routes within the City.– Galle Road

– High Level Road

– Base Line Road

– Parliament Road.

• 7 Highway bridges

• Mean depth 1.5 m

Kotte Kotte Kotte Kotte –––– Wellawatte CanalWellawatte CanalWellawatte CanalWellawatte CanalApollo Apollo Apollo Apollo

HospitalHospitalHospitalHospital

Residential Residential Residential Residential

Places In KottePlaces In KottePlaces In KottePlaces In Kotte

St. Peters CollegeSt. Peters CollegeSt. Peters CollegeSt. Peters College Walkways Walkways Walkways Walkways

Along Canal Along Canal Along Canal Along Canal

BankBankBankBank

Travel Time Surveyc

Node

No Description

Node

No Description

C 01 Sethsiri paya C 02 Domino's Pizza Bridge 4.78

C 02 Domino's Pizza Bridge C 03 Beginning of Kotte lake 16.67

C 03 Beginning of Kotte lake C 04 Open uni. Nawala rd Bridge 3.83

C 04 Open uni. Nawala rd Bridge C 05 Wall tiles Bridge 4.52

C 05 Wall tiles Bridge C 06 Open Uni. Narehenpita Bridge 0.75

C 06 Open Uni. Narehenpita Bridge C 07 Rail way Bridge 1.87

Average

Speed

(km/hr)

14

Ko

tte

- W

ella

att

e C

an

al

Water

Body

Starting point End Point Average

Travel Time

(mts)

C 06 Open Uni. Narehenpita Bridge C 07 Rail way Bridge 1.87

C 07 Rail way Bridge C 08 Base line Rd. bridge 1.47

C 08 Base line Rd. bridge C 09 Havelock Rd. Bridge 6.71

C 09 Havelock Rd. Bridge C 10 Dupilation Rd (St peters) Bridge 5.16

C 10 Dupilation Rd (St peters) Bridge C 11 Galle Road, bridge 1.69

C 11 Galle Road, bridge C 12 Marine Drive Bridge 1.94

C 05 Wall tiles Bridge C 13 Kirimandala Mw Bridge 4.79 -

14

Ko

tte

- W

ella

att

e C

an

al

• Avg. Travel Time from Sethsiripaya to Galle Avg. Travel Time from Sethsiripaya to Galle Avg. Travel Time from Sethsiripaya to Galle Avg. Travel Time from Sethsiripaya to Galle

Road (St. Peters) is 47 mtsRoad (St. Peters) is 47 mtsRoad (St. Peters) is 47 mtsRoad (St. Peters) is 47 mts

Technical FeasibilityTechnical FeasibilityFive Identified Waterway Systems in CMR

• Kelani River system from Peliyagoda up to Hanwella in Northern CMR.

– Hamilton Canal System from Colombo to Negambo town via Kelani

River from Peliyagoda, Hamilton Canal, Negambo Lagoon in the

Northern CMR.

– Colombo Beira Lake system in Central CMR.

– Kotte-Kirillapone Canal system in Central CMR.

– Bolgoda Lake system in Southern CMR.

Kelani River System

• Main Water Supply Intake at Ambatale 15 kms from sea

estuary.

• Salinity Intrusion to Kelani River Water.

• Motorized movements near Ambatale could further degrade

the water quality.

• System presently not considered feasible on Environmental

grounds

Hamilton Canal System

• 237,000 paxs enter Colombo from

Victoria Bridge

• 29,405 paxs between Negambo and

Colombo (60% using buses)

Negambo Town

• Entry to canal from 2 ends only.Ja Ela

Kanda

na

Wattala

Victori

a

Bridge

Waterway Path

Road Path

CKE Trace

PeakOff

Peak

By Car 90 45

By Bus 100 60

User

Travel Time

(Mts)Travel

Distance

(Km)

Road 30.5

Canal

(At the speed of

25 km/h)

72 30.1

Colombo Beira LakeStrong Radial Character of

city Road Network

Lake path acts as a East –

West link for the network

45,000 jobs in Beira Lake

Area out of 320,000 jobs

in CMC limits

•Vehicle traffic is steady through out the day.

•Saving on travel time and distance via water.

•Peak Hour Passenger flow of 16,000 pax./hr for public transport

compared to 4,000 for private transport.

•The system is technically feasible as a public transport system.

Car Bus Boat Car Bus Boat Car Bus Boat

- - - 3.46 4.15 1.85 10.02 12.02 5.30

3.46 4.15 1.85 - - - 8.24 16.99 6.67

10.02 12.02 5.30 8.24 16.99 6.67 - - -

Travel time

(mts)

Fort Railway St.Galle Face

Secretariat

Hyde Park Corner

Union Place

Hyde Park Corner

Union Place

Fort Railway St.

Galle Face

Secretariat

Wellawatte – Kirillapone Canal

Average

Daily

Pier Location

Canal Route

LocationDaily

Traffic

(ADT)

Sri J'Pura Rd (Domino's Pizza

Ethul Kotte)

59407

Galle Rd

(Wellaw atte Bridge)51298

Baseline Rd

(Appollo Hospital)23849

Havelock Rd (Weaving Mills)

48968

Narehenpita Rd (Wall tiles)

20234

Nawala Rd

(Open university)29734

Bolgoda Lake System

• Two navigable channels

• Low passenger movements across the study area.

Kospala

na

• Slow speeds due to ‘Ja-Kotu’

• Potential for recreational Activities

Bolgod

a

Panadu

ra

Town

Navigable Route

Concluding Remarks on Technical

Feasibility

• Technically Non Feasible

– Kelani River System

– Hamilton Canal System– Hamilton Canal System

– Bolgoda System

• Technically Feasible

– Wellawatte – Kirillapone Canal System

– Colombo Beira Lake

Financial FeasibilityFinancial Feasibility

• Sample for Wellawatte-Kirullapone Canal.

• Total cost obtained from Assumed values for

Generalised cost (i.e. time costs & fare)

• Modal shift assumed from bus for ordinary boat

service and from car for value added boat service.

Savings on travel distances

for public transport and (car) users

Batt. Raja. Narah Open Uni. Kiril. Weav. Dehi. Wella Bamba. Kollu.

662201 661340 662124 662155 662118 662159 662802 662001 662005 661201

Battaramulla 662201 - 0

0.22

(0)

0.82

(0.82)

0.77

(0.36)

1.71

(0.50) 0

0.90

(0.57) 0 0

Rajagiriya 661340 0 - 0 0

0.09

(0)

0.89

(0.14) 0

0.21

(0.21) 0 0

Narahenpita 662124

0.22

(0) 0 - 0 0

0.80

(0.21)

0.13

(0)

0.22

(0.22) 0 0

Open Univ. 0.82 0.69 1.49 0.81

Travel Distance

Saving (Km)

Open Univ.

Nawala 662155

0.82

(0.82) 0 0 -0.69

(0.69)

1.49

(0.83) 0

0.81

(0.81) 0 0

Kirillapone 662118

0.77

(0.36)

0.09

(0) 0

0.69

(0.69) - 0 0 0 0 0

Weaving Mills

High Level Rd 662159

1.71

(0.50)

0.89

(0.14)

0.80

(0.21)

1.49

(0.83) 0 -0.08

(0)

0.08

(0.08) 0 0

Dehiwela 662802 0 0

0.13

(0) 0 0

0.08

(0) - 0 0 0

Wellawatte 662001

0.90

(0.57)

0.21

(0.21)

0.22

(0.22)

0.81

(0.81) 0

0.08

(0.08) 0 - 0 0

Bambalapitiya 662005 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0

Kollupitiya 661201 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -

Savings in travel time when transferring from bus

Bus RouteNo of

Transfer

Time

(Min)

No of

Transfer

Time

(Min)

49.47 1 28.08

76.08

Apollo HospitalBattaramulla (170,177,174) - Borella;

Borella (103,135,178) - Narehenpita1

Battaramulla (177) - Kollupitya;

Kollupitya (100,101) - Wellawatte1

Origin Destination

Travel Time (Min)

By Bus Only By Bus And Boat

2 40.40Battaramulla (170,177,174) - Borella;

Borella (104, 154) - Bambalapitiya 1 57.76

Battaramulla (163) - Dehiwela;

Dehiwella ( 100,101) - Bambalapitiya1 56.68

1 47.43

Bambalapitiya

Battaramulla (177) - Kollupitya;

Kollupitya (100,101) -

Bambalapitiya1 66.83

2 39.7672.01

Bat

tara

mul

la

WellawatteBattaramulla (170,177,174) - Borella;

Borella (104, 154) - Bambalapitiya;

Bambalapitiya (100,101)- Wellawatte2

Battaramulla (163) - Dehiwela;

Dehiwella ( 100,101) - Wellawatte

Savings in Travel Time when transferring from Car

Route Time (Min) At 14 km/h ** At 25 km/h

Origin DestinationTravel Time (Min)

By Car at Peak Hour By Canal

Nawala Open

University

Sri Jayawardenapura

Mw, - Nawala Rd.14.81 20.50 11.26

Narehenpita

(Apollo Hospital)

Sri J'pura Mw, - Nawala

Rd - Narehenpita rd -

Baseline rd.

18.46 29.11 15.99

** Surveyed Speed at 14 km/h due to vegetation on water

Ethulkotte

(Domino's

Pizza)

Havelock Rd

(Weaving Mills)

Sri J'pura Mw, - Nawala

Rd - Narehenpita rd -

Baseline rd - Park rd.

20.60

(Apollo Hospital)Baseline rd.

35.82 19.67

Wellewatte

(St. Peters)

Sri J'pura Mw - Nawala

Rd - Narehenpita rd -

Baseline rd -

Kirullapana Junc.- W.A.

Silva Rd - Galle Rd

35.71 42.67 23.43

Share of boat passengers for 3 operating scenarios

ScenarioScenarioScenarioScenario 1111:::: At frequency and fare structure equal to buses.

ScenarioScenarioScenarioScenario 2222:::: Boat fare structure 40% higher than bus and frequency ½.

ScenarioScenarioScenarioScenario 3333:::: Boat fare 100% higher than bus and the frequency 1/4th.

Origin Destination

Modal Share on Boat (%)

@ 20Km/h @ 25 km/h @ 30 km/h

Wellawatte 26.8 ~ 7.3 ~ 0.6 35.5 ~ 10.6 ~ 0.9 42.0 ~ 13.5 ~ 1.2

Batharamulla

Wellawatte 26.8 ~ 7.3 ~ 0.6 35.5 ~ 10.6 ~ 0.9 42.0 ~ 13.5 ~ 1.2

Pamankada 34.6 ~ 10.9 ~ 1.0 43.0 ~ 14.8 ~ 1.4 48.8 ~ 18.0 ~ 1.8

Nawala 22.6 ~ 7.6 ~ 0.9 26.8 ~ 9.3 ~ 1.2 29.9 ~ 10.7 ~ 1.3

Narahenpita 44.2 ~ 17.2 ~ 2.1 51.5 ~ 21.8 ~ 2.8 56.4 ~ 25.4 ~ 3.4

Bambalapitiya 49.3 ~ 17.3 ~ 1.6 59.4 ~ 23.9 ~ 2.3 65.7 ~ 29.2 ~ 3.1

Dehiwela 1.3 ~ 0.28 ~ 0.02 1.95 ~ 0.43 ~ 0.03 2.54 ~ 0.56 ~ 0.04

The Optimum Revenue for the boat service is at speed of 25

m/hr and headway of 10 mts and when operating at 70% of

the Bus fare.

20

25

30

35C

x R

even

ue (

Rs)

Battaramulla

0

5

10

15

20

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2X Bus Fare (RS)

C x

Reven

ue (

Rs)

Battaramulla – Wellawatte

Speed 25 km/h

Frequency 10 mts.

Actual VOC of boat

ConclusionConclusion

• IWT in CMR is defined in to 3 systems with 5 waterways have potential for transport services

• Battaramulla-Wellawatte canal system and Beira Lake system are found to be technically feasible for a public transport system with former identified as the best route.

• Hamilton canal may not be competitive if CKE is operational, Bolgoda has low speeds and may be better suitable for development for recreational activities, while Kelani River requires more study related to impacts to Ambatale.

• The Battaramulla-Wellawatte canal shows it can be made financially feasible under efficient operating conditions.

• Potential to develop as a network with possible sea transport services as well.

Thank YouThank You