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They all have characteristics in common
Damage to the built and natural environment Injuries and death Large economic losses (both short term and long
term) Social consequences such as displaced people,
disrupted communities & psychological trauma Consequences can be minimized by preplanning,
mitigation measures and well design response and recovery.
Hurricane Katrina was one of the strongest hurricanes to hit the US in the last 100 years with insured losses of $20 to $35 billion and total losses of more than $100 billion.
At least 1,800 people diedMany more were made homeless
Tsunamis speed across the ocean at more than 500 mph
Tsunami damage in Hilo Hawaii, April 1, 1946, due to an earthquake with a reported magnitude of 7.1 that occurred in the Aleutian Islands off of Alaska.
Oakland Hills Firestorm - 1991
Deaths............................................…………25Injuries.............................................………150Single Family Dwellings Destroyed.……2,843Single Family Dwellings Damaged.....……193Apartment Units Destroyed..................…...433Total Living Units Damaged/Destroyed.....3,469Total Acreage Burned by the Fire...............1,520Fire Perimeter...............................................5.25 MilesEstimated Dollar Fire Loss......................$1,537,000,000
Ice StormsFrom January 5-10, 1998 eastern Canada experienced one if its worst ice storms in history
More than 4 million people were without power for hours. The thirdweek following the onset of the storm, more than 700,000 were still without electricity. 25 died. Water treatment plants were not working. Many maple syrup producers were destroyed.
FloodsPrague was hit hard in August 2002 with the worst flooding in at least 500 years on the Vltava River.
Impacts included•electrical power outages, •release of hazardous materials (chlorine gas), •evacuation of tourists during the height of the season, •water-logged subway systems, •loss of valuable animals in the zoo, •damage to and loss of function of historic bridges, and•economic losses estimated in the billions of dollars.
EarthquakesWith $44 billion in property damage, the 1994 Northridge earthquake was considered one of the costliest natural disasters in history…until 1995 Kobe ($120 billion) (and then of course Katrina)
Intersection of I-5 and State Route 14
Building in Kobe
Unreinforced Masonry Buildings (URM)
Much of the older building stock in California consists of URMs which are very vulnerable to collapse or partial collapse
Damage to Power Transmission Facilities
Power outages cause disruption to individuals, businesses and emergency response
Poorly designed structures
Many newly built parking garages failed in the Northridge earthquake. Fortunately the earthquake occurred early in the morning when the structures were unoccupied.
Fire Following Earthquake
Broken gas lines can cause fires. With fire departments already stressed, water mains broken and roads blocked it can be difficult to respond.
Liquefaction
Liquefaction in Northridge
When liquefaction occurs streets and foundations get torn apart.
Hazardous Materials
It is important to install systems to prevent containers from falling off of shelves.
In addition to deaths, there are also many less severe casualties (hospitalized and non-hospitalized)