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Nuclear Power Reactors in Japan

＜Tomari＞

＜Higashidori＞

＜Onagawa＞

＜Fukushima Dai-ichi＞

＜Fukushima Dai-ni＞

＜Tokai Plant, Tokai Dai-ni＞

＜Hamaoka＞

＜Ikata＞

＜Sendai ＞＜Genkai＞

＜Shimane ＞

＜Takahama＞

＜Ohi＞

＜Kashiwazaki Kariwa＞

＜Shika＞

＜Mihama＞

＜Tsuruga＞

Reactors undergoing decommissioning (3)

Already Service Terminated (6)

Specified nuclear facility

BWR (24)

PWR (24)

Restarted (2)

Applied (26)

＜Ohma＞BWR, under Construction

As of April, 2016

Application

PWR 16

BWR 10

Total 26

Application of Conformity Review for Nuclear Power Plants

+

15

Nuclear power plants in JapanJuly 12, 2018

Restarted (9)

Approved (5)Applied (12)Decommissioning (22)

PWR

BWR

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F ukushima University has established forest observatory sites in Yamakiya, Tsushima and Okuma (Fukushima). The Yamakiya forest

observatory site (37º35’20.5”N, 140º42’37.1”E) is located 35 km north-west of the TEPCO* Fukushi-ma Daiichi Nuclear Power Station and has been operational since it was established in 2014.

The site is a cedar-dominant community of approx-imately 7 ha, with an elevation difference of ap-proximately 100 m. Average temperature is 12.7oC (-9.3-37.1oC) and annual precipitation is 1220 mm ·y-1.

The major soil type is Andosols and it sup-ports a planted Japanese Sugi cedar stand. The 137Cs inventory is 670 ± 400 kBq·m-2 (n=6) and 137Cs activity concentration in surface soil (humus + depth of 0-10 cm) is 19 ± 8.3 Bq·g-1. The distributions of 137Cs in exchangeable, bound-to-organic matter and residual frac-tions in the 0-5 cm soil layer collected in 2015 were 5%, 4% and 91% respectively, with most of the 137Cs in the strongly bound frac-tion.

No other contamination by heavy metals was observed in the area. Aggregated Transfer Factor (TF) for 137Cs, defined as the concen-tration of 137Cs in animals (Bq·kg-1 FW) divid-ed by soil 137Cs levels (Bq·m-2), has been de-termined. Tags in earthworm, frog, newt, bee, mouse and boar were 0.0022, 0.0014, 0.00049, 0.00016, 0.012 and 0.0019 respec-tively.

The mean 137Cs radioactivity concentration in the Montane brown frog collected at the Yamakiya observatory site in 2016 was 1.12 ± 0.81 (n=20) Bq·g-1 FW. The range of radioac-tivity concentration (0.08 - 3.2 Bq·g-1 FW) was

two orders of magni-tude, even in the limited area. The external radiation dose in the frog from radiocaesium (134+137Cs) calculated

using the ERI-CA tool was 4.2 µGy·h-1. The internal radiation dose in the frog was 0.2 µGy·h-1, which was 5% of the external dose.

Previously reported TF from substrate to mushroom of 137Cs is well correlated with that of stable 133Cs. This suggests that the transfer of 133Cs from substrate to mush-room is utilised as a natural analogue of radiocaesium. The transfer factors, de-fined as the concentration of 137Cs in plant and animals divided by that in sur-face soil, were well correlated with the transfer factor of 133Cs. This indicates that the behaviour of 133Cs can be regarded as

a useful analogue for predicting long-term changes of radiocaesium in the forest environ-ment.

*Tokyo Electric Power Company

Radiocesium distribution and fluxes in the typical Cryptomeria japonica forest at the late stage after the accident at Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Plant, Yoschenko V., Takase T., Konoplev A., Nanba K., Onda Y., Kivva S., Zheleznyak M., Sato N., Keitoku K. (2017), J Environ Radioact, 166, 45-55 Transfer of radiocaesium and stable caesium from substrata to mushrooms in a pine forest in Rokkasho-mura, Aomori, Japan, Tsukada H., Shibata H., Sugiyama H. (1998), J Environ Radioact, 39, 149-160

Forest observatory site in Yamakiya Fukushima observatory sites contaminated by radiocaesium

Observatory sites

ID Card:

Type of ecosystem contaminated: Semi-natural forest environment

Compartment of environment contaminated: Soil, water, sediments, plants, animals

Contamination source: Radiocaesium, radioiodine and other radionuclides from TEPCO’s FDNPS accident

Radioactivity or dosimetric characteristics: Radiocaesium is the major source of contamination, and Pu, 90Sr et al. are also deposited in the surrounding areas of the FDNPS

Total contaminated area: 953 km2 (>20 mSv·y-1, 7% of Fukushima Prefecture)

Species exposed/present in the site: Japanese cedar, pine and broad-leaf trees, bamboo, fern, sasa plant, earthworm, frog, newt, mouse, wild boar, etc.

Authorized related data/samples: COMET report, publications

Supporting lab: Institute of Environmental Radioactivity (IER) at Fukushima University supports sampling, pretreatment and analyses

Access: Permission from IER is required

Address: Yamakiya, Kawamata, Fukushima Prefecture

Contact: Pr. Dr Hirofumi Tsukada hirot@ipc.fukushima-u.ac.jp +81 24 503 3013 Related to: ALLIANCE

Issue 26 April 2018

Forest observatory site in Yamakiya, Fukushima

A) Comparsion of transfer factor of stable 133Cs and 137Cs in mushroom in 1992. B) Comparsion of transfer factor of stable 133Cs and 137Cs in plants and animals collected in Yamakiya, Fukushima.

Phot

o: H

. Tsu

kada

/IER

Phot

o: H

. Tsu

kada

/IER

Dr Hirofumi Tsukada

The inventory of 137Cs is 670 ± 400 kBq/m2 (n=6) and the 137Cs

activity concentration in surface soil (depth of 0-10 cm) is 19 ± 8.3

Bq/g.

Five years after the accident about 85 % of the 137Cs is in the

upper five cm of soil five years after the.

The available fraction of 137Cs in the upper 10 cm of soil is less

than 10%, the strongly bound fraction in the 0-10 cm layer is

approximately 85%.

https://www.radioecology-exchange.org/content/fukushima-

radioecological-observatory-yamakiya

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