FEC2018, 27th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference Mahatma Mandir ... · Rokkasho Fusion Institute (BA Site) Overview of the Validation Activities of IFMIF/EVEDA: LIPAc, the Linear IFMIF

LIPAcAdministration& Research

Rokkasho Fusion Institute (BA Site)

Overview of the Validation Activities of IFMIF/EVEDA: LIPAc, the Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator and

Lifus 6, the Lithium Corrosion Induced FacilityPresented by M. Sugimoto

FEC2018, 27th IAEA Fusion Energy ConferenceMahatma Mandir, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India, 22-27 October 2018

2

M. Sugimoto, A. Kasugai, K. Sakamoto, K. Kondo, T. Akagi, T. Ebisawa, Y. Hirata, R. Ichimiya, S. Maebara and T. Shinya, QST Rokkasho, Japan

P. Cara, IFMIF/EVEDA Project Leader, Rokkasho, Japan

R. Heidinger, P.-Y. Beauvais, H. Dzitko, D. Gex, A. Jokinen, A. Marqueta, I. Moya and G. Phillips, Fusion for Energy Garching, Germany

J. Knaster, Fusion for Energy Cadarache, France

P. Abbon, N. Bazin, B. Bolzon, N. Chauvin, S. Chel, R. Gobin, J. Marroncle, B. Renard, CEA/IRFU, Paris, France

L. Antoniazzi, L. Bellan, D. Bortolato, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, F. Grespan, M. Montis, A. Palmieri, A. Pisent and F. Scantamburlo, INFN/LNL, Legnaro, Italy

G. Pruneri, Consorzio RFX, Padova, Italy

A. Aiello, P. Favuzza and G. Micciche, ENEA Brasimone, Italy

J. Castellanos, D. Gavela, D. Jimenez-Rey, I. Kirpitchev, P. Méndez, J. Molla, C. de la Morena, C. Oliver, I. Podadera, D. Regidor, F. Toral, R. Varela and M. Weber, CIEMAT, Spain

O. Nomen, Institut de Recerca en Energia de Catalunya, Spain

List of authors

And many people not shown above have contributed and supported the IFMIF/EVEDA project.FEC2018, 29th IAEA Fusion Energy M. Sugimoto et al.

3

LIPAc, the Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator• KASUGAI, A. et al., “RFQ Commissioning of Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc)”,

Proc. 27th IAEA Fusion Energy Conf., Gandhinagar, India, 2018. FIP/P1-13 in this conf.• CHAUVIN, N. et al., “Deuteron Beam Commissioning of the Linear IFMIF Prototype

Accelerator Source and LEBT”, Proc. 27th IAEA Fusion Energy Conf., Gandhinagar, India, 2018. FIP/P3-19 in this conf.

• GRESPAN, F. et al., “IFMIF/EVEDA RFQ preliminary beam characterization”, Proc. 29th Linear Acc. Conf., Beijing, China, 2018.

Lifus 6, the Lithium Corrosion Induced Facility• FAVUZZA, P. et al., “Erosion-corrosion resistance of Reduced Activation Ferritic-

Martensitic steels exposed to flowing liquid Lithium”, Fus. Eng. Design in press.

M. Sugimoto et al. FEC2018, 29th IAEA Fusion Energy

Reference papers and literatures

4

Contents1. Introduction• IFMIF engineering design to be validated• Milestones of IFMIF/EVEDA project

2. LIPAc, the Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator3. Lifus 6, the Lithium corrosion induced facility4. Summary

FEC2018, 29th IAEA Fusion Energy M. Sugimoto et al.

5

IFMIF Engineering Design to be Validated

Accelerator40 MeVdeuteron, 10 MW CW

Li Target15 m/s flowfree surface, impurity control

PIE FacilityTest Facility1017 n/s, Tirrad control, remote handling, SSTT


Candidate Materials

Qualified Materials

Irradiation Tests using Fusion-relevant Neutron

Source (IFMIF)

0 10mNeutron Energy (MeV)0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Neu

tron

Flu

x (1

010n

cm-2

s-1M

eV-1

)

106

104

102

1

10-2

IFMIFXADS

DEMO HCPBBOR60 D23

HFR-F8

ESSProton Spallation Source

Fission Reactor Source

3 main activities of IFMIF/EVEDA project were carried out during 2017-2018.Start of RFQ Beam

CommissioningCompletion of Li

Erosion-Corrosion Tests

IFMIF Intermediate Engineering Design Report (2013)

Completion of injector Beam Commissioning

6M. Sugimoto et al. FEC2018, 29th IAEA Fusion Energy

Milestones of IFMIF/EVEDA ProjectActivities 2007 ~ 2016 2017 2018 2019 ~ 2020

Accelerator LIPAc installation start (2013)

Completion of injector beam commissioning

Start of RFQ beam commissioning

Completion of final beam commissioning

Li Target EVEDA Li Test Loopoperation complete (2015)

Completion of Li erosion-corrosiontests

Test Facility HFTM(*1) proto fabrication & irradiation test complete

Engineering Design

IIEDR(*2) final delivery

*1 HFTM: High Flux Test Module, *2 IIEDR: IFMIF Intermediate Engineering Design Report

ACCOMPLISHED in 2015



7

Contents


1. Introduction2. LIPAc, the Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator• Layout of LIPAc• First beam injection into RFQ RF power injection and control Beam transmission and energy measurements

• High quality deuteron beam for RFQ injection• SRF linac Half Wave Resonators performance

3. Lifus 6, the Lithium corrosion induced facility4. Summary


IFMIF2 CW accelerators, 2 x 125 mA, 2 x 5 MW

Linear IFMIF PrototypeAccelerator

Mandate of LIPAc is to validate 9 MeV deuteron beam with 125 mA.

to validate low energy section up to 9 MeV (first SRF Linac)

IFMIF Accelerator Prototype (LIPAc)

RFQINFN LegnaroF4E Garching

QST Rokkasho

MEBTCIEMAT Madrid

SRF linacCEA Saclay

CIEMAT Madrid F4E Garching

Control SystemQST RokkashoCIEMAT Madrid

CEA SaclayINFN LegnaroF4E Garching

FINAL DESIGN

RF PowerCIEMAT Madrid

CEA SaclaySCK Mol

DiagnosticsCEA Saclay

CIEMAT Madrid INFN Legnaro

HEBT and Beam DumpCIEMAT Madrid F4E Garching

CryoplantCEA Saclay

Building, Auxiliaries, Infrastructure

QST Rokkasho

InjectorCEA/Saclay

100 keV 5 MeV 9 MeVRFQ: Radio Frequency QuadrupoleMEBT: Medium Energy Beam

TransportSRF: Superconducting RFHEBT: High Energy Beam Transport

Collaboration with institutes providing components, being integrated at Rokkasho


IFMIF2 CW accelerators, 2 x 125 mA, 2 x 5 MW

Linear IFMIF PrototypeAccelerator

Mandate of LIPAc is to validate 9 MeV deuteron beam with 125 mA.

to validate low energy section up to 9 MeV (first SRF Linac)

Layout of LIPAc

RFQINFN LegnaroF4E Garching

QST Rokkasho

MEBTCIEMAT Madrid

SRF linacCEA Saclay

CIEMAT Madrid F4E Garching

Control SystemQST RokkashoCIEMAT Madrid

CEA SaclayINFN LegnaroF4E Garching

FINAL DESIGN

RF PowerCIEMAT Madrid

CEA SaclaySCK Mol

DiagnosticsCEA Saclay

CIEMAT Madrid INFN Legnaro

HEBT and Beam DumpCIEMAT Madrid F4E Garching

CryoplantCEA Saclay

Building, Auxiliaries, Infrastructure

QST Rokkasho

InjectorCEA/Saclay

100 keV 5 MeV 9 MeVRFQ: Radio Frequency QuadrupoleMEBT: Medium Energy Beam

TransportSRF: Superconducting RFHEBT: High Energy Beam Transport

Collaboration with institutes providing components to be integrated at Rokkasho

In June 2018, RFQ Beam Commissioning up to 5 MeV (Injector + RFQ + MEBT) with pulse mode was started.

10FEC2018, 29th IAEA Fusion Energy M. Sugimoto et al.

First beam injection into RFQ

RFQ in

RFQ out

Diag.

LPBD

RFQ inDiag.

LPBD

First proton beam (50 keV, 0.3 ms pulse) was injected into the RFQ on 13 June 2018.

RFQ out

Current measurements for the first beam

See poster FIP/P1-13 by A. Kasugai et al.

Stable beam was achieved after adjustment

All of 4 pulse heights (beam

currents) became high &

almost same amplitude.

0.3 ms


RF Power Injection and ControlRF power form 8 independent RF power sources are successfully injected at the same time into a single RFQ cavity (length of 9.8 m and resonant frequency of 175 MHz).

This is a world first trial. Synchronization with White Rabbit technology is a new application.


Beam loading compensation with 7-RF chains operation Pfwd #1A

Pref #1A

VRFQ Cavity

Pref #2A (FAILED)

In the case of 1 of 8 RF chains was failed to operate, it was possible to continue the beam commissioning using the rest of 7 RF chains.• Pfwd is increased during beam pulse to

compensate the beam acceleration power.• VRFQ Cavity is kept nearly constant, which means

beam acceleration condition is kept.• Pref of #1A is unchanged while #2A (failed chain)

is decreased due to change of impedance.

0.3ms beam

12

Beam Transmission and Energy Measurements


Transmission (ratio of current at LPBD to RFQ input current) was measured by varying voltage applied to the RFQ cavity. Compared with beam dynamics simulation was made.

Iext=30 mA, ILEBT=21.7 mA, emit=0.14π mm mrad

Iext=40 mA, ILEBT=29.3 mA, emit=0.2π mm mradSimulation: Iext=30 mA, ILEBT=24 mA, emit=0.1π mm mrad

Iext=35 mA, ILEBT=27 mA, emit=0.12π mm mrad

Tran

smis

sion

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0

1

VRFQ Cavity / Vnominal

0.6 0.8 1

BPM1

BPM2

BPM3

Bunch trains175MHz (T=5.7ns)

155.

8 m

m12

65.3

mm

2.52±0.1MeV

2.48±0.1MeV

Beam energy was measured by using TOF among 3 Beam Position Monitors (BPM) and agreed with design value, 2.5 MeV.


Differences between measurements and simulation- Contaminant molecular beams- Error in injection beam alignment

13

High Quality Deuteron Beam for RFQ Injection


See poster FIP/P3-19 by N. Chauvin et al.Deuteron beam with 100 keV/140 mA required for RFQ injection is ready for beam commissioning with a sufficient margin of the quality, i.e. beam emittance.

I SOL2

(A)

I BS2

(mA)

0.340.25

0.240.250.25

Emittance (π mm mrad)

120 kV extractor

First Gap IBS2Emittance Meter Unit

First gap voltage (kV)

emitt

ance

(πm

m m

rad)

16 20 24 28 320.1

0.2

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

ISOL1 (A)200 240 280 320 360

200

240

280

320

360

20

40

80

120

100

60

140

Emittance varied according to the 2 focusing solenoid magnet currents. Locus of maximum transmission to BS2 is observed.

First gap voltage is an important parameter to control the beam quality from ion source plasma. Extractor electrodes should be clean/smooth and aligned.

~half of acceptance value (0.3π mm mrad)

ISOL1 ISOL2

30% decrease from 2015 exp.

Dec. 2017Nov. 2016

14

SRF Linac Half Wave Resonators performance

High power and tuner function test @ CEA/Saclay (SatHoRi test stand)

coupler

HWR

tuner


Target valueQ0 >5x108 at 4.5 MV/m

Quench

Q0

1010

109

108

Eacc (MV/m)0 2 4 6 8 10

2 HWRs satisfied the required performance: Q0=8x108 at Eacc=4.5 MV/m, frequency tuning range of tuner > 50 kHz. All of 8 HWRs were manufactured and ready to deliver in Rokkasho.

SatHoRi test (β=1)

Vertical test (bare cavity)

8 HWR + 8 superconducting solenoid


175.029 MHz174.977 MHz

δf =52 kHz

175.029 MHz

Tuner disengaged

Qext=6.91 x 104

SRF Linac Half Wave Resonators performanceResonant frequency and its tuning range were confirmed with #3 HWR cavity.

Tuner operated

16

Contents


1. Introduction2. LIPAc, the Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator3. Lifus 6, the Lithium corrosion induced facility• Lithium erosion-corrosion effects• Layout of Lifus 6 facility• Corrosion rate measurements

4. Summary

17

In long term operation, erosion-corrosion effects on the target structural material (RAFM steel) is a main concern to cause the similar instability.

M. Sugimoto et al. FEC2018, 29th IAEA Fusion Energy

Lithium Erosion-Corrosion Effects

Example of instability: wakes found in EVEDA Li test loop nozzle made of 316L stainless steel, caused by the chemical products attached to the edge.

NozzleLi Target Assembly

Stability of surface of Li flow is a major issue to cause the flow breakup in the extreme case.

Front Views

Section View

Experiment in 2014

Preliminary test in 2007 (Lifus3): corrosion rate ~3.2 µm/y for Eurofer 97

wakes

Nitrogen concentration ~ 300 wppm is a main reason.

IFMIF Design Requirement: corrosion rate <1 µm/y (could be achieved by the purified Li with low nitrogen <30 wppm).

Lifus 6 was constructed to verify this up to 4000 h exposure.


Layout of Lifus 6 Facility

Hot Trap (Ti sponge)Storage Tank (16.7 L)

Main Electro-magnetic Pump

Li Sampler

Resistivity Meter

Test Section

Cold Trap

823 ~ 873 K to remove N impurity (< 30 wppm)

473 K to remove C, O and metallic impurities (< 10 wppm each)

603 K,15 m/s

ENEA Brasimone

Li

19

dint = 21 mm

Li flow

Corrosion Rate Measurements


Comparison of erosion-corrosion rates for F82H and Eurofer97 caused by flowing lithium

SpecimenTest section

No relevant differences are seen between 2 materials, and the absolute rates are < 1 µm/y.

dext = 20 mmdint = 10 mmh = 8 mm

Bottom of the Test Section

Top of the Test Section

0 -1.0+1.0

1222 h2000 h – 1st2000 h – 2nd4000 (2000+2000) h

Corrosion rate (µm/y)

F82H

F82H

F82H

F82H

EU97

EU97

EU97

EU97

15 m/s, 603 K 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 =

∆𝑊𝑊𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠

𝐴𝐴𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑜 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠

×1

𝜌𝜌𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 � 𝑅𝑅𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑠

IFMIF requirement: |thickness change rate| ≤ 1 µm/y

See ref. FED in press by P. Favuzza et al.

Surface analyses were also performed using optical microscope, SEM and EDS. No significant effects were found.

20

Summary• RFQ beam commissioning is started with 50 keV proton, and the initial

measurements of RFQ transmission (96% at maximum) and beam energy (2.5±0.2 MeV) gave a good sign of RFQ design validity.

• Injector commissioning with 100 keV/140 mA deuteron beam was completed successfully with twice better than acceptable emittance.


LIPAc

Lifus 6 • Corrosion rate requirement <1 µm/y for RAFM steels was achieved with controlled nitrogen impurity (about 30 wppm using Ti hot trap).Lithium erosion-corrosion effects on RAFM steel can be managed if the impurity in Li is controlled properly (esp. N < 30 wppm) and the design requirement of corrosion rate (<1 µm/y) is achievable.

IFMIF design on RFQ was validated for pulsed 50 keV proton and that on injector was verified for pulsed 100 keV deuteron.

Documents

FEC2018, 27th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference Mahatma Mandir ... · Rokkasho Fusion Institute (BA Site) Overview of the Validation Activities of IFMIF/EVEDA: LIPAc, the Linear IFMIF