Exploration and Exploration and ExpansionExpansion

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions

What factors contributed to What factors contributed to the Europeans entrance into the Europeans entrance into their age of discovery and their age of discovery and expansion?expansion?

What were the general What were the general consequences of European consequences of European expansion?expansion?

TechnologyTechnology

Compass (China)Compass (China) Astrolabe (Arabs) – Astrolabe (Arabs) –

latitude/longitudelatitude/longitude Triangle-shaped sails Triangle-shaped sails

(Arabs) - faster(Arabs) - faster

Reasons for ExpansionReasons for Expansion Three G’sThree G’s

• Gold (Economic) – Gold (Economic) – Wealth; markets in Asia Wealth; markets in Asia (spices)(spices)

• Glory (Political)– PowerGlory (Political)– Power Strong monarchies Strong monarchies

(Portugal, Spain, France, (Portugal, Spain, France, England)England)

Humanism/RenaissanceHumanism/Renaissance

• God – (Religious) God – (Religious) ChristianityChristianity

PortuguesePortuguese Prince Henry the Prince Henry the NavigatorNavigator – established a – established a school for sailorsschool for sailors

Bartholomew DiazBartholomew Diaz – 1487, – 1487, Cape of Good Hope in S. Cape of Good Hope in S. AfricaAfrica

Vasco da GamaVasco da Gama – 1498, – 1498, around Africa to Indiaaround Africa to India

SpanishSpanish ColumbusColumbus (October 12,1492) (October 12,1492)

• Ferdinand and Isabella – SpainFerdinand and Isabella – Spain• Need a Need a western routewestern route to Asia – why? to Asia – why?• San Salvador (Bahamas)San Salvador (Bahamas)• Called natives “Indians”Called natives “Indians”• Made 3 more trips; never knew he had Made 3 more trips; never knew he had

discovered a new continentdiscovered a new continent MagellanMagellan

• CircumnavigatedCircumnavigated the globe – first complete the globe – first complete western water route to Asiawestern water route to Asia

• He died in the PhilippinesHe died in the Philippines

Dividing the New WorldDividing the New World

1494 – 1494 – Treaty of TordesillasTreaty of Tordesillas splits new splits new territoryterritory

Brazil = PortugueseBrazil = Portuguese Rest of South America = SpanishRest of South America = Spanish

Spanish EmpireSpanish Empire

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange• Europe Received – corn, cocoa, Europe Received – corn, cocoa,

potatoes, sweet potatoes, beanspotatoes, sweet potatoes, beans• Americas Received – horses, cows, pigs, Americas Received – horses, cows, pigs,

sugar; ultimately diseasesugar; ultimately disease ConquistadorsConquistadors

• CortesCortes – conquered – conquered Aztecs in MexicoAztecs in Mexico• PizarroPizarro – conquered – conquered Incas in PeruIncas in Peru

European RivalsEuropean Rivals Dutch (Netherlands)Dutch (Netherlands)

• New Netherlands (NY)New Netherlands (NY)• Dutch East India Dutch East India

CompanyCompany FrenchFrench

• Looked for the Looked for the Northwest PassageNorthwest Passage through Americathrough America

• Champlain (Quebec)Champlain (Quebec)• Fur tradeFur trade w/Indians w/Indians

EnglishEnglish• 1607 -Jamestown – 1607 -Jamestown –

John Smith – 1John Smith – 1stst perm. perm. English settlementEnglish settlement

• Oldest settlement? Oldest settlement? (1565)(1565)

Slave TradeSlave Trade

Slavery not new to AfricaSlavery not new to Africa• Sent to Middle East for domestic Sent to Middle East for domestic

workwork SugarcaneSugarcane (Portuguese) (Portuguese)

• Changed slavery for EuropeansChanged slavery for Europeans• Plantations in Caribbean and BrazilPlantations in Caribbean and Brazil

African slave traders controlled African slave traders controlled slave tradeslave trade

Middle PassageMiddle Passage Destroyed traditional African Destroyed traditional African

societies as demand for slaves societies as demand for slaves increasedincreased

Middle PassageMiddle Passage

Results of ExpansionResults of Expansion Great wealth for European nations – greed Great wealth for European nations – greed

and powerand power Rivalries developed over coloniesRivalries developed over colonies Increased European trade with AsiaIncreased European trade with Asia Colonization of the AmericasColonization of the Americas Destruction of Native populations (disease, Destruction of Native populations (disease,

superior technology)superior technology) Dramatic increase in the slave tradeDramatic increase in the slave trade African civilizations destroyedAfrican civilizations destroyed New products (Columbian Exchange)New products (Columbian Exchange)