Experimental Testing of Drift-Sensitive Nonstructural Systems – Year 4

The Pathways ProjectSan Jose State

UniversityEquip Site:

nees@berkeley

Project Management Team Kurt McMullin – Structural Engineering

San Jose State University Bozidar Stojadinovic – Structural Engineering

U.C. Berkeley Winncy Du – Mechanical Engineering

San Jose State University Thuy Le – Electrical Engineering

San Jose State University Kathi Rai – Building Engineering

SensiBuild

Drift Sensitive Systems of Buildings Exterior façade.

Precast concrete cladding. Glass punch-out windows.

Vertical plumbing riser. Inflow riser. Outflow riser.

Defined in FEMA-356 as nonstructural elements controlled by drift rather than acceleration.

Project Overview Static testing of one-story prototype

of cladding, punch-out windows and plumbing.

Sensor testing of plumbing leakage. Deconstruction of materials. Data-mining and pre-processing for

structural analysis.

Timeline Project runs from Oct 2006 to

Sept 2011. Main testing scheduled for

Fall/Winter 2010. Current phase:

Construction of specimen Finalize instrumentation design Fabrication of testing jig

Column Covers Spanning

vertically between spandrels are the column covers.

Column Covers

Punch Out Windows Completing the

exterior enclosure are the windows, installed in the opening between panels.

Test Specimen One-story, One-bay articulated frame

allows for no resistance from gravity/lateral load carrying system.

Specimen Design Ground Floor – Tall panels that cover first

floor of building Typical Floor – Short panels that cover all

floors above first floor.

Test Specimen Specimen Features

Engineering – panels and connections – to obtain strength and deformation data

Architecture – panels, connections, windows, grouting – to obtain aesthetic damage data and system interaction data.

Test Specimen Loading Protocols

Proto1 – Cyclic loading with increasing amplitude of drift – 10% max.

Proto2 – Displacement time history from 9-story LA SAC frame.

Test Matrix – Ground Floor Test 1

Cyclic Loading – Engineering Specimen Test 2

Time History Loading – Engineering Specimen

Test 3 Cyclic Loading – Architecture Specimen

Test Matrix – Typical Floor Test 4

Cyclic Loading – Engineering Specimen Test 5

Time History Loading – Engineering Specimen

Test 6 Cyclic Loading – Architecture Specimen

Panel Construction Panel

formwork. Flat panel and

return panel.

Panel Construction Panel

formwork. Flat panel and

return panel.

Panel Pin Connection Pin

connection at base of flat panel.

Typical panel reinforcement – single layer.

Panel Pin Connection Pin

connection at base of flat panel.

Typical panel reinforcement – single layer.

Casting Concrete

Casting of flat panels in early September 2010.

5000 psi concrete.

Casting Concrete

Casting of flat panels in early September 2010.

5000 psi concrete.

Finished Panels

Finished panels at fabrication yard.

Casting done by Willis Precast in San Juan Bautista, CA.

Finished Panels

Finished panels at fabrication yard.

Casting done by Willis Precast in San Juan Bautista, CA.

Full-Width Flat Panel

Half-Width Flat Panel

Return Panel

Slotted Connections

Pin Connections

Loading Beam

Actuator on each side of loading beam

Reaction Wall

Out-of-Plane Bracing

Seismic Resistance Seismic joint at

return panels. Approximate

width of 2 inches.

Expected Progression of Damage

Closing of slip connection.

Spandrel above moves with upper level slab.

Expected Progression of Damage

Closing of seismic gap.

Return panels tilt with out-of-plane frame.

Pounding between adjoining column covers.

EQ DIR

PIN CONNECTION FRACTURE

Expected Progression of Damage

Fracture of pin connection.

Overturning of column cover results in fracture of pin at base.

GLASS FRACTURE

EQ DIR

Expected Progression of Damage

Crushing of window glass.

Tipping of column covers results in racking of glass panels.

Expected Progression of Damage

EQ DIR

PANEL INSTABILITY

Failure of push-pull connections and instability of out-of-plane panel.

Developing Fragility Curves Defining types of damage: i.e.,

window cracking, panel connection fracture.

Record drift when damage is first seen for each item of each test.

Plot probability that an event was seen by a certain level of drift.

PROPOSED FORMAT FOR FRAGILITY CURVE DATA

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06

DRIFT, radians

PR

OB

AB

ILIT

Y O

F D

AM

AG

E

DAMAGE TYPE 1

DAMAGE TYPE 2

DAMAGE TYPE 3

Limitations of Fragility Data Limited sample size of test specimens. Some events will not occur to each

component before maximum drift of test is applied.

Mixture of tall panels & short panels, flat panels & return panels, large windows & small windows.

Plans for Year 5 Testing and data processing for

main specimens. Deconstruction and adaptive reuse

of panels. Verification of sensor technology. Dissemination of findings. Data transfer to repository.

For More Information We are constantly looking for

collaboration on all aspects of the project. Project Sponsored by National Science

Foundation – Grant No. 619517. Project website at:

http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/~pathway/ Email me at:

kurt.mcmullin@sjsu.edu