Significance of the Exodus and Sinai events

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Exodus and Sinai EventsExodus and Sinai EventsA. For the Israelites The Exodus from Egypt and the covenant at

Sinai are the central events in Israel history They formed the basis of the people’s liturgical

celebration and prayer life which serve as a memorial of things in the past and an assurance of present and future help

The Exodus is re-enacted yearly through the Feast of Passover

A. For the Israelites The Exodus from Egypt and the covenant at

Sinai are the central events in Israel history They formed the basis of the people’s liturgical

celebration and prayer life which serve as a memorial of things in the past and an assurance of present and future help

The Exodus is re-enacted yearly through the Feast of Passover

Exodus and Sinai Events

For ChristiansIt prefigures the new exodus and new covenant by which God has formed his people for Himself, the Church“God chose us in Christ” Eph 1:4“As with His choice of Israel God’s choice us is not for anything… that we have done – it is grace that we have been saved” Eph 2:8-9

Judges, Kings, Prophets

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Joshua and the conquest of the promised land

Joshua and the conquest of the promised land

Joshua• Etymologically related to the name of Jesus

which mean YHWH saves.• He was chosen by Moses because of his faith

and courage• He was a savior of his people• He was an instrument of God’s saving act• The greatness of Joshua as a leader and

liberator is regarded as a reflection of the greatness of Moses

• Crossing the Jordan River: Joshua 3

Joshua• Etymologically related to the name of Jesus

which mean YHWH saves.• He was chosen by Moses because of his faith

and courage• He was a savior of his people• He was an instrument of God’s saving act• The greatness of Joshua as a leader and

liberator is regarded as a reflection of the greatness of Moses

• Crossing the Jordan River: Joshua 3

Book of Joshua

1. God is a warrior

2. Land is a gift

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Book of JoshuaBook of Joshua

Division of Canaan according to the twelve tribes of Israel

Division of Canaan according to the twelve tribes of Israel

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JudgesJudges• The death of Joshua made Israelites turn to local

heroes for military and leadership• They were known as JUDGES, regarded by the

Israelites as leaders appointed by YHWH, to deliver them from their enemies

• Period between the settlement and the establishment of the monarchy

• There were two kinds of Judges, one a military leader who inspired by God to fight Israelites enemies (e.g., Gideon and Samson), the other a judicial and administrative official.

• For around two hundred years, the different tribes of Israel were under the leadership of the judges

• The death of Joshua made Israelites turn to local heroes for military and leadership

• They were known as JUDGES, regarded by the Israelites as leaders appointed by YHWH, to deliver them from their enemies

• Period between the settlement and the establishment of the monarchy

• There were two kinds of Judges, one a military leader who inspired by God to fight Israelites enemies (e.g., Gideon and Samson), the other a judicial and administrative official.

• For around two hundred years, the different tribes of Israel were under the leadership of the judges

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The Israelites worship the idols

God allows their enemies toattack and oppress them

The Israelites repent and cry to God for help

God raises a judge to deliver the Israelites from their oppressors, and They live in peace until the judge dies

ISRAEL’S CYCLE OF INFIDELITY

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The Kingdom of JerusalemThe Kingdom of Jerusalem

• As time went on, the need for a common ruler became apparent in Israel

• Samuel

• Samuel gave in to the persistent request of the people and inaugurated the monarchy by anointing Israel’s first king.

• As time went on, the need for a common ruler became apparent in Israel

• Samuel

• Samuel gave in to the persistent request of the people and inaugurated the monarchy by anointing Israel’s first king.

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The Kingdom of JerusalemThe Kingdom of Jerusalem

Rights of the King

• The sons of Israel will have to serve the king as his soldiers or servants

• The daughters of Israel will have to serve the king, as his ladies-in-waiting in the royal court

• The king shall collect taxes and claim the best fruits of the people’s labor

Rights of the King

• The sons of Israel will have to serve the king as his soldiers or servants

• The daughters of Israel will have to serve the king, as his ladies-in-waiting in the royal court

• The king shall collect taxes and claim the best fruits of the people’s labor

The united monarchy

• Israel government was theocratic•YHWH was the true king•The patriarchs, prophets, priests and judges were regarded as mere vicars of YHWH

The Kingdom of Jerusalem

SaulHe was from the tribe of BenjaminRead Samuel 9:2Sins of SaulHe refused to follow Samuel advice, i.e. to

offer sacrificeHe was jealous of DavidHe summoned the spirit of the dead, an act

abomination in Israel

The kingdom of Jerusalem

King DavidSon of Jesse from the tribe of JudahHe was considered as the real founder of the monarchyThe early years of David’s reign were years of civil war

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The Holy City of JerusalemThe Holy City of Jerusalem

• King David expanded the city and had the Ark of the Covenant brought into it

• Today, Jerusalem is a city of three religions: Judaism, Islam and Christianity

• King David expanded the city and had the Ark of the Covenant brought into it

• Today, Jerusalem is a city of three religions: Judaism, Islam and Christianity

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David: Lights and ShadowsDavid: Lights and Shadows

• His defeat of Goliath• His friendship with

Jonathan, King Saul’s son

• He ruled justly and compassionately

• His defeat of Goliath• His friendship with

Jonathan, King Saul’s son

• He ruled justly and compassionately

• He was polygamous• He committed

adultery and murder

• He was polygamous• He committed

adultery and murder

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King SolomonKing Solomon

• Solomon inherited his father’s kingdom

• He was endowed with God-given wisdom

• Solomon built a magnificent Temple for God and even larger palace for himself

• Solomon had organized his court, a start was made on editing the sacred tradition

• He was a great king

• Solomon inherited his father’s kingdom

• He was endowed with God-given wisdom

• Solomon built a magnificent Temple for God and even larger palace for himself

• Solomon had organized his court, a start was made on editing the sacred tradition

• He was a great king

• Solomon played the great lord too much

• The Bible credits him with 700 wives and 300 concubines

• He exploited his people

• Solomon played the great lord too much

• The Bible credits him with 700 wives and 300 concubines

• He exploited his people

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Two KingdomsTwo Kingdoms

From 933 there were two kingdoms

• Northern Kingdom or Israel, with Samaria as its capital

• Southern Kingdom or Judah, with Jerusalem as its capital

From 933 there were two kingdoms

• Northern Kingdom or Israel, with Samaria as its capital

• Southern Kingdom or Judah, with Jerusalem as its capital

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The Prophets of IsraelThe Prophets of Israel

• YHWH raised prophets to guide his people and warn them about the consequences of worshipping the pagan gods.

Prophets of the Northern Kingdom

1. Elijah

2. Elisha

3. Hosea

4. Amos

• YHWH raised prophets to guide his people and warn them about the consequences of worshipping the pagan gods.

Prophets of the Northern Kingdom

1. Elijah

2. Elisha

3. Hosea

4. Amos

Prophets of the Southern Kingdom

1. Isaiah

2. Micah

3. Zephaniah

4. Jeremiah

5. Nahum

6. Habakkuk

Prophets of the Southern Kingdom

1. Isaiah

2. Micah

3. Zephaniah

4. Jeremiah

5. Nahum

6. Habakkuk

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Prophetic writingsProphetic writings

1. A reminder of the election of Israel, the exodus and covenant

2. A condemnation of the people’s rebellion against God

3. A warning on impending punishment

4. An affirmation of God’s faithful love and compassion

5. A promise of redemption and restoration

1. A reminder of the election of Israel, the exodus and covenant

2. A condemnation of the people’s rebellion against God

3. A warning on impending punishment

4. An affirmation of God’s faithful love and compassion

5. A promise of redemption and restoration

Themes of prophetic writings

a. Justice for the poor and oppressed

b. Faithfulness to the covenant

c. Messianism

Themes of prophetic writings

a. Justice for the poor and oppressed

b. Faithfulness to the covenant

c. Messianism

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The Prophets of the ExileThe Prophets of the Exile

1. Ezekiel2. Daniel3. ObadiahThe Return from the Exile (post-exilic prophets)1. Haggai2. Zechariah3. Joel4. Malachi5. Ezra6. Nehemiah7. Ezra

1. Ezekiel2. Daniel3. ObadiahThe Return from the Exile (post-exilic prophets)1. Haggai2. Zechariah3. Joel4. Malachi5. Ezra6. Nehemiah7. Ezra