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Question
11 out of 1 points
Sigmund Freud's psychosexual stages focus on several parts of the body identified as ________.
Selected Answer: erogenous zones
Correct Answer: erogenous zones
Feedback:
Correct. Freud's psychosexual stages focus on several parts of the body identified as erogenous zones.
Question
20 out of 1 points
Therapeutic approaches that are based on the belief that all normal and abnormal behavior is learned are ________ therapies.
Selected Answer: cognitive
Correct Answer: behavior
Feedback:
Incorrect. Cognitive therapists see distorted thinking as the cause of abnormal behaviors.
Question
31 out of 1 points
What did Freud perceive as the outcome of successful resolution of the Oedipus complex?
Selected Answer: identification with the same-sex parent
Correct Answer: identification with the same-sex parent
Feedback:
Correct. Freud believed identification with the same-sex parent is the result of a successful resolution of theOedipus complex.
Question
40 out of 1 points
A cognitive therapist is working with a depressed client. Which of the following causes is the likely focus of this therapist's intervention?
Selected Answer: learned behaviors of depression
Correct Answer: negative interpretations of life events
Question
50 out of 1 points
Which of the following is an advantage of behavior therapy?
Selected Answer:
It treats the underlying cause of the problem.
Correct Answer: It is a relatively quick and efficient way to reduce
symptoms.
Question
60 out of 1 points
A goal of family therapy is to ________.
Selected Answer:
change the needs of individual family members
Correct Answer: improve family communication and interaction
Feedback:
Incorrect. In family therapy no one person is seen as the problem.
Question
71 out of 1 points
The form of behavioral therapy in which an undesirable behavior is paired with an unpleasant stimulus to reduce the frequency of the behavior is called ________.
Selected Answer:
aversion therapy
Correct Answer: aversion therapy
Feedback:
Correct. Aversion therapy pairs an undesirable behavior with an unpleasant, or aversive, stimulus.
Question
80 out of 1 points
The therapist's feeling of respect and affection for the client that exists without any strings attached, no matter what the client may say or do, is called ________.
Selected Answer:
empathy
Correct Answer: unconditional positive regard
Question
90 out of 1 points
The kind of therapy that uses biological treatments such as medication, surgical methods, and electrical shock treatments to bring about changes in the person's disordered behavior is called ________.
Selected Answer:
electroconvulsive shock therapy
Correct Answer: biomedical therapy
Feedback:
Incorrect. Psychotherapy involves talking things out with a professional.
Question
101 out of 1 points
Lulu sees a therapist once a week. During her therapy sessions, she discusses issues and events that have impacted her life. Her therapist helps her to understand how these events and issues have affected her. The type of therapy Lulu is seeking is called ________.
Selected Answer:
psychotherapy
Correct Answer: psychotherapy
Feedback: Correct. Psychotherapy involves talking things out with a
professional.
Question
110 out of 1 points
Carl Rogers emphasized accepting people for what they are, not for what you would like them to be. This acceptance is termed ________.
Selected Answer:
unconditional esteem
Correct Answer: unconditional positive regard
Feedback: Incorrect. Rogers's term conditional positive regard refers to the kind of acceptance that requires a person to meetcertain expectations.
Question
120 out of 1 points
In Gestalt therapy, the therapist is ________ and ________.
Selected Answer: passive; directive
Correct Answer: active; directive
Question
130 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT an Axis I disorder of the DSM-IV-TR?
Selected Answer:
factitious disorders
Correct Answer: personality disorders
Question
140 out of 1 points
Which of the following is a disorder that takes the form of a bodily ailment that has no physical cause?
Selected Answer:
anxiety
Correct Answer: somatoform
Question
150 out of 1 points
Which model of abnormality holds that physical, mental, and cultural factors are intertwined and that they must all be considered when dealing with psychology disorders?
Selected Answer: the psychophysiological model
Correct Answer: the biopsychosocial model
Question
161 out of 1 points
Which of the following is the term used to describe a sudden onset of extreme panic with various symptoms including racing heart, rapid breathing, and sweating?
Selected Answer: panic attack
Correct Answer: panic attack
Feedback: Correct. A panic attack is a sudden onset of extreme panic with physical symptoms.
Question
170 out of 1 points
Freud believed that the ________ was the most important determining factor in human behavior and personality.
Selected Answer: preconscious mind
Correct Answer: unconscious mind
Question
181 out of 1 points
What major conclusion about personality traits emerged from the Minnesota twin study?
Selected Answer:
Identical twins are more similar than any other type of
sibling.
Correct Answer: Identical twins are more similar than any other type of
sibling.
Feedback: Correct. Identical twins, who share the same genes, are more similar in personality than are any other type of siblings.
Question
190 out of 1 points
Which of the following concepts is NOT found in the humanistic perspective of personality?
Selected Answer: each person is unique
Correct Answer: self-efficacy
Feedback: Incorrect. The self-actualizing tendency is a major part of the humanistic perspective of personality.
Question
201 out of 1 points
A type of therapy in which clients meet regularly in a group setting and discuss problems under the guidance of a single therapist is called ________ therapy.
Selected Answer: group
Correct Answer: group
Feedback: Correct. Group therapy is a type of therapy in which a group of clients meets together with a specific therapist.
Question
210 out of 1 points
A technique for treating phobias and other stress disorders in which the person is suddenly exposed to the fear-provoking situation or object in an intense way and is prevented from making the usual avoidance or escape response is called ________.
Selected Answer: systematic desensitization
Correct Answer: flooding
Feedback: Incorrect. Systematic desensitization gradually exposes the client to the feared object while using relaxation techniques to reduce anxiety, not exposing a client to the feared object in a sudden manner.
Question
220 out of 1 points
The term affect is used by psychologists to refer to ________.
Selected Answer: behavior
Correct Answer: emotion
Question
231 out of 1 points
Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible if something should go wrong is called ________.
Selected Answer:
agoraphobia
Correct Answer: agoraphobia
Feedback: Correct. Agoraphobia is fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible.
Question
240 out of 1 points
The ________ model of mental illness explains that disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia are caused by chemical imbalances, genetic problems, brain damage or dysfunction, or some combination of those causes.
Selected Answer:
naturalistic
Correct Answer: biological
Question
251 out of 1 points
When assessing personality, many psychologists take the eclectic view, which means they ________.
Selected Answer: use a variety of approaches
Correct Answer: use a variety of approaches
Feedback: Correct. When assessing personality, many psychologists take the eclectic view, which means they use a variety of approaches.
Question 1 out of 1 points
26
Disorders in which there is a break in conscious awareness, memory, the sense of identity, or some combination are called ________.
Selected Answer:
dissociative disorders
Correct Answer: dissociative disorders
Feedback: Correct. Dissociative disorders are characterized by a break in conscious awareness, memory, the sense of identity, or some combination.
Question
270 out of 1 points
Which of the following is one of the criticisms of cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies?
Selected Answer: They focus too much on the past.
Correct Answer: They treat the symptom not the cause of the problem.
Question
280 out of 1 points
People with ________ disorders have an excessively rigid, maladaptive pattern of behavior and ways of relating to others.
Selected Answer: schizophrenic
Correct Answer: personality
Feedback: Incorrect. People with schizophrenia suffer from disorder thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations and is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality.
Question
291 out of 1 points
Therapy that depends on identifying and changing distorted thinking and unrealistic beliefs is ________ therapy.
Selected Answer: cognitive
Correct Answer: cognitive
Feedback: Correct. Cognitive therapy focuses on identifying and changing distorted thinking and unrealistic beliefs.
Question
301 out of 1 points
Someone who was interested in measuring a person's source traits, as described by Raymond Cattell, would use the ________.
Selected Answer:
Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF)
Correct Answer: Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF)
Feedback: Correct. The 16PF was developed by Cattell to measure source traits.
Question
311 out of 1 points
There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Harry was mostly ________.
Selected Answer: ego
Correct Answer: ego
Feedback: Correct. The ego is rational, logical, and cunning.
Question
321 out of 1 points
Marty is moody, manipulative, unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to others. He wants to have close relationships but is unable to do so because he is untrusting of others. Marty is suffering from ________ personality disorder.
Selected Answer: borderline
Correct Answer: borderline
Feedback: Correct. Marty's moodiness, manipulativeness, instability, lack of identity, and untrusting behavior are symptoms of borderline personality disorder.
Question
331 out of 1 points
A disorder in which intruding thoughts that occur again and again are followed by repetitive, ritualistic behavior meant to lower the anxiety caused by the thoughts is called ________ disorder.
Selected Answer: obsessive-compulsive
Correct Answer: obsessive-compulsive
Feedback: Correct. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is one in which intruding thoughts occur again and again and are followed by repetitive, ritualistic behavior meant to lower the anxiety caused by the thoughts.
Question
341 out of 1 points
Eye-movement desensitization reprocessing is primarily used for treatment of ________.
Selected Answer: post-traumatic stress disorder
Correct Answer: post-traumatic stress disorder
Feedback: Correct. EMDR is primarily used for treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder.
Question
351 out of 1 points
Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and worry are characteristic of ________.
Selected Answer: anxiety disorders
Correct Answer: anxiety disorders
Feedback: Correct. Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and anxiety are characteristic of anxiety disorders.
Question
361 out of 1 points
Adoption studies focusing on the heritability of traits have ________.
Selected Answer: confirmed what twin studies have shown
Correct Answer: confirmed what twin studies have shown
Feedback: Correct. Adoption studies focusing on the heritability of traits report findings similar to those of twin studies.
Question
371 out of 1 points
Which term refers to a way to define abnormality by comparing an individual's behavior to the norms or standards of the society in which an individual lives?
Selected Answer:
social norm deviance
Correct Answer: social norm deviance
Feedback: Correct. Social norm deviance is a definition of abnormality based on the standards of society.
Question
380 out of 1 points
The ________ theory of personality has its basis in the theories of learning, and focuses on the effects of environment on one's personal characteristics and actions.
Selected Answer: trait
Correct Answer: behaviorist
Question
390 out of 1 points
________ therapies have been used not only to treat mental disorders but also to help people make career choices, deal with workplace problems, and as a form of marriage counseling.
Selected Answer:
Psychoanalytic
Correct Answer: Humanistic
Question
400 out of 1 points
Linda is afraid of cats because when she was a little girl a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face. As a result of this experience, Linda learned to be afraid of cats. Which model of abnormality offers the best explanation of Linda's fear?
Selected Answer: psychoanalytic
Correct Answer: behavioral
Question
411 out of 1 points
In the case, The Accident That Didn't Happen, Dr. S. says that his obsessions and compulsions were based on
Selected Answer:
a fear that his aggressive impulses would, without him
knowing it, influence his behavior.
Correct Answer:
a fear that his aggressive impulses would, without him
knowing it, influence his behavior.
Question
421 out of 1 points
The use of learning techniques to modify or change undesirable behavior and increase desirable behaviors is called ________.
Selected Answer: behavior modification
Correct Answer: behavior modification
Feedback: Correct. Behavior modification includes learning techniques that help in modifying behaviors.
Question
431 out of 1 points
Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes harm to others, or harms their ability to function in daily life is called ________.
Selected Answer:
a psychological disorder
Correct Answer: a psychological disorder
Feedback: Correct. A psychological disorder is defined as any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes harm to others, or harms their ability to function in daily life.
Question
440 out of 1 points
Which of the following is correct concerning cross-cultural studies on trait theories?
Selected Answer:
Most cultural research methods are too vague to be
validated.
Correct Answer:
Evidence for the five trait dimensions has been found in
several cultures.
Question
450 out of 1 points
A person who suffers from bipolar disorder alternates between ________.
Selected Answer:
depression and schizophrenia
Correct Answer: depression and manic episodes
Question
461 out of 1 points
When a patient arrives in the emergency room, he is restless and irritable with unlimited energy and a rapid rate of speech. The attending psychiatrist believes the patient has taken cocaine or amphetamines and admits him for observation. The next day the symptoms are the same. What condition with symptoms that are similar to those associated with amphetamine use might the psychiatrist now consider as a condition that is relevant to the diagnosis?
Selected Answer: mania
Correct Answer: mania
Feedback: Correct. Restlessness, irritability, and rapid speech are characteristic of both amphetamine use and mania.
Question
470 out of 1 points
Studies on the effectiveness of psychotherapy have found that ________.
Selected Answer:
cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy is the most effective
treatment for every problem
Correct Answer:
no one psychotherapy worked for every type of problem
Feedback: Incorrect. Studies have found that no one psychotherapy worked for every type of problem.
Question
480 out of 1 points
What did Sigmund Freud believe could happen if our needs were delayed at a particular psychosexual stage?
Selected Answer:
We could become overly dependent on the superego for
future guidance.
Correct Answer:
We could become fixated at that stage.
Question
490 out of 1 points
What do Abraham Maslow's and Carl Rogers's theories have in common?
Selected Answer:
They focus on unconscious motivation.
Correct Answer:
They believe that each human being is free to choose his
or her own destiny.
Question
501 out of 1 points
Major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder are all examples of ________ disorders.
Selected Answer: mood
Correct Answer: mood
Feedback: Correct. Major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder are mood disorders.
Question
511 out of 1 points
The most important aspect of successful psychotherapy is the ________ between client and therapist.
Selected Answer:
therapeutic alliance
Correct Answer: therapeutic alliance
Feedback: Correct. It is the relationship between client and therapist that is key to effective therapy.
Question
521 out of 1 points
The person-centered therapist must show a genuine, open, and honest response to the client. This is called ________.
Selected Answer: authenticity
Correct Answer: authenticity
Feedback: Correct. Showing a genuine, open, and honest response to the client is referred to as authenticity.
Question
531 out of 1 points
What are the Big Five personality traits?
Selected Answer:
openness, conscientiousness, extraversion,
agreeableness, and neuroticism
Correct Answer:
openness, conscientiousness, extraversion,
agreeableness, and neuroticism
Feedback: Correct. These are the five traits of the Big Five model.
Question
541 out of 1 points
What is the main difference between generalized anxiety disorder and phobic disorder?
Selected Answer:
Phobic disorder is linked to specific triggers while
generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger.
Correct Answer:
Phobic disorder is linked to specific triggers while
generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger.
Feedback: Correct. With a phobia the sufferer knows exactly what they are afraid of, while with generalized anxiety disorder the trigger of the tension and worry is not clear.
Question
551 out of 1 points
What is the primary difficulty with applying the criterion of "social norm deviance" to define abnormal behavior?
Selected Answer:
Behavior that is considered disordered in one culture may
be acceptable in another.
Correct Answer:
Behavior that is considered disordered in one culture may
be acceptable in another.
Feedback: Correct. Behavior that is considered disordered in one culture may be acceptable in another.
Question
561 out of 1 points
Which neurotransmitters are most important in the development of mood disorders?
Selected Answer: dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine
Correct Answer: dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine
Feedback: Correct. Dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine all play a role in the development of mood disorders.
Question
570 out of 1 points
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) seems to be related to ________.
Selected Answer:
high levels of thyroxine
Correct Answer: low levels of melatonin
Question
580 out of 1 points
"If it feels good do it" best describes the ________.
Selected Answer: preconscious
Correct Answer: id
Feedback: Incorrect. Freud used the term ego for the aspect of personality that makes rational decisions and solves conflicts.
Question
591 out of 1 points
Most psychological professionals today take a(n) ________ view of psychotherapy.
Selected Answer:
eclectic
Correct Answer: eclectic
Feedback: Correct. The current trend in the field is to take an eclectic perspective.
Question
601 out of 1 points
The use of objects that can be traded for food, candy, treats, or special privileges with the purpose of reinforcing behavior is called ________.
Selected Answer: token economy
Correct Answer: token economy
Feedback: Correct. A token economy involves awarding tokens for good behavior that can be traded for desired items or privileges.
Question
611 out of 1 points
Using Hofstede's dimensions of cultural personality, how would you describe a culture characterized by loose ties between individuals, shared activities among friends, autonomy, and equality?
Selected Answer: individualistic
Correct Answer: individualistic
Feedback: Correct. These are attributes that Hofstede attributed to individualistic cultures.
Question
621 out of 1 points
A famous psychologist argues that there are three factors that influence personality: environment, person, and behavior. This psychologist is most likely a ________ psychologist.
Selected Answer: social cognitive
Correct Answer: social cognitive
Feedback: Correct. Social cognitive psychologists focus on the interaction of environment, person, and behavior.
Question
631 out of 1 points
Disorders characterized by disturbances in emotion are known as ________ disorders.
Selected Answer: mood
Correct Answer: mood
Feedback: Correct. Mood disorders are characterized by disturbances in emotion.
Question
640 out of 1 points
Dr. Shedrika uses a form of therapy that emphasizes revealing his clients' unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires, which he believes are the cause of his clients' disordered emotions and behavior. This therapist is most likely using ________.
Selected Answer: behavior therapy
Correct Answer: psychoanalysis
Question
650 out of 1 points
For Freud, the moral guardian of personality is the ________.
Selected Answer:
id
Correct Answer: superego
Feedback: Incorrect. The ego is a mediator, not a moral voice.
Question
660 out of 1 points
The primary purpose of the DSM-IV-TR is to ________.
Selected Answer:
help psychologists assess only normal behavior
Correct Answer:
help psychological professionals diagnose psychological
disorders
Question
670 out of 1 points
According to Freud, personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages. During infancy, the psychosexual stage is called the ________.
Selected Answer: anal stage
Correct Answer: oral stage
Question
680 out of 1 points
What of the following is the most commonly diagnosed psychological disorder in the United States?
Selected Answer:
generalized anxiety disorder
Correct Answer: major depressive disorder
Question
690 out of 1 points
Which of the following is a therapy based on the principles of classical conditioning?
Selected Answer: reinforcement
Correct Answer: systematic desensitization
Feedback: Incorrect. Reinforcement is based on the principles of operant conditioning.
Question
700 out of 1 points
Your friend has applied to several medical schools. After receiving one rejection letter, she concludes that she will not be admitted to any school and feels depressed. Your friend is engaging in ________.
Selected Answer:
arbitrary inference
Correct Answer: overgeneralization
Question
711 out of 1 points
The main advantage of personality inventories over projective tests and interviews is ________.
Selected Answer:
inventories are standardized
Correct Answer: inventories are standardized
Feedback: Correct. Standardization is a positive aspect of inventories.
Question
721 out of 1 points
What type of drugs are the traditional antianxiety drugs, or minor tranquilizers, such as Valium?
Selected Answer: benzodiazepines
Correct Answer: benzodiazepines
Feedback: Correct. The traditional antianxiety drugs, such as Valium, are benzodiazepines.
Question
730 out of 1 points
A therapist challenges what she sees as her client's irrational and self-defeating thoughts. Her goal is to help her client change these thoughts into more rational, helpful, positive thoughts. In addition, she wants to help her client develop strategies that can be used to cope with future problems. She is probably a ________ therapist.
Selected Answer: Gestalt
Correct Answer: cognitive-behavioral
Question
740 out of 1 points
Therapies directed at changing the disordered behavior are referred to as ________.
Selected Answer: insight therapies
Correct Answer: action therapies
Question
750 out of 1 points
The psychoanalytic patient who lets her thoughts flow without interruption or fear of negative criticism from her therapist is using ________.
Selected Answer:
positive transference
Correct Answer: free association
Question
760 out of 1 points
An advantage to group therapy is that groups ________.
Selected Answer:
allow an extremely shy person to feel more comfortable
speaking up
Correct Answer:
are a source of social support
Question
770 out of 1 points
Lydia is a divorced mother who attends meetings with peers who share the same problems and stressful situations. There is no professional facilitating these meetings. What type of sessions is Lydia attending?
Selected Answer: family therapy
Correct Answer: self-help group
Question
780 out of 1 points
A person who is suffering from disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations and who is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality is likely suffering from _______.
Selected Answer: bipolar disorder
Correct Answer: schizophrenia
Question
791 out of 1 points
Therapies aimed mainly at understanding one's motives and actions are referred to as ________.
Selected Answer: insight therapies
Correct Answer: insight therapies
Feedback: Correct. Insight therapy emphasizes understanding one's motives and actions.
Question
801 out of 1 points
The person-centered therapist has to be able to acknowledge and understand what the client is feeling and experiencing. This process is referred to as ________.
Selected Answer: empathy
Correct Answer: empathy
Feedback: Correct. Empathy is defined as acknowledging and understanding the client's feelings and experiences.
Question 0 out of 1 points
81
What did Carl Rogers view as a cause of most personal problems and unhappiness?
Selected Answer:
unresolved unconscious conflicts occurring between the
id and superego
Correct Answer:
mismatch between an individual's ideal self and real self
Feedback: Incorrect. Freud, not Rogers, viewed unresolved unconscious conflicts between the id and superego as the cause ofpersonal problems.
Question
820 out of 1 points
Which of the following statements describes the relationship between temperament and personality?
Selected Answer:
personality, which we are born with, is the basis upon
which one's temperament is built.
Correct Answer:
temperament, which we are born with, is the basis upon
which one's personality is built.
Feedback: Incorrect. Temperament refers to that which is determined before birth while personality is influenced by both biology, before birth and environment, after birth.
Question
831 out of 1 points
False sensory perceptions that often take the form of hearing voices are called ________.
Selected Answer:
hallucinations
Correct Answer: hallucinations
Feedback:
Correct. Hallucinations are false sensory perceptions.
Question
841 out of 1 points
Which of the following is a legitimate hypothesis that explains why the rate of depression appears to be twice as high for women as compared to men across various cultures?
Selected Answer:
The different social roles played by women predispose
them to depression.
Correct Answer:
The different social roles played by women predispose
them to depression.
Feedback: Correct. Researchers believe women's higher rate of depression is linked to social roles.