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Evolution of Oil ProductionEvolution of Oil Production in the Bakken Formationin the Bakken Formation
Julie A. LeFeverJulie A. LeFeverNorth Dakota Geological SurveyNorth Dakota Geological Survey
Conventional Bakken (pre-1987)Conventional Bakken (pre-1987) Cycle 1 – Antelope Structure (1950s – 60s)Cycle 1 – Antelope Structure (1950s – 60s) Cycle 2 – Depositional Edge (1970s – 80s)Cycle 2 – Depositional Edge (1970s – 80s)
Horizontal Drilling of the Bakken Shale (post-1987)Horizontal Drilling of the Bakken Shale (post-1987) Horizontal Drilling of the Bakken Middle Member Horizontal Drilling of the Bakken Middle Member (2001 to present)(2001 to present)
Plays of thePlays of theBakken FormationBakken Formation
Conventional Bakken Conventional Bakken Cycle 1 – Antelope FieldCycle 1 – Antelope Field
Discovery Well Discovery Well Stanolind - #1 Woodrow StarrStanolind - #1 Woodrow Starr
Initial Potential (536 BO; 0.1 BW)Initial Potential (536 BO; 0.1 BW)
Antelope FieldAntelope Field 52 wells; 12.5 million BO; 10 BCF Gas52 wells; 12.5 million BO; 10 BCF Gas “ “Sanish Sand”Sanish Sand” Completion MethodCompletion Method
Conventional BakkenExploration between Cycles
Elkhorn RanchElkhorn Ranch Shell Oil Co. - #41X-5-1 GovernmentShell Oil Co. - #41X-5-1 Government
Nesson Anticline Nesson Anticline #1 B.E. Hove#1 B.E. Hove
IP - 756 BOPD, 3 BWPDIP - 756 BOPD, 3 BWPD Completion MethodCompletion Method
Conventional Bakken Conventional Bakken Cycle 2 – Depositional LimitCycle 2 – Depositional Limit
Stratigraphy & StructureStratigraphy & Structure Thin BakkenThin Bakken Multiple PaysMultiple Pays Folds, Faults or BothFolds, Faults or Both Completion MethodsCompletion Methods
Horizontal Drilling of the Horizontal Drilling of the Upper Bakken ShaleUpper Bakken Shale
Meridian - #33-11 MOIMeridian - #33-11 MOI Drilled verticalDrilled vertical
Cored, Logged, Drill Stem TestedCored, Logged, Drill Stem Tested
Drilled Horizontally - 2603 ftDrilled Horizontally - 2603 ft 8 ft - upper Bakken Shale 8 ft - upper Bakken Shale
IP: 258 BOPD & 299 MCF gasIP: 258 BOPD & 299 MCF gasCost: $2 millionCost: $2 million
Learning CurveLearning Curve
Meridian -#33-11 MOIMeridian -#33-11 MOI 57 days to drill57 days to drill
27 days to drill vertical borehole27 days to drill vertical borehole 12 days to drill horizontal section12 days to drill horizontal section
$2 million$2 million
3 set of 10 wells 3 set of 10 wells 35 days to drill at a cost $1.08 million35 days to drill at a cost $1.08 million
End of Play End of Play $900,000 (same as a vertical well)$900,000 (same as a vertical well)
Horizontal Drilling of the Horizontal Drilling of the Upper Bakken ShaleUpper Bakken Shale
Drilling Methods Drilling Methods General ProblemsGeneral Problems
Successful well = high volumes of oilSuccessful well = high volumes of oil
Horizontal Drilling of the Horizontal Drilling of the Bakken Middle MemberBakken Middle Member
Richland County, MontanaRichland County, MontanaNorth DakotaNorth Dakota
MTMT
WYWY
SDSD
NDND
MBMBSKSKABAB
Richland
Richland Co. Co.
McKenzie Co.
McKenzie Co.
MTMT NDND Study AreaStudy Area
Williston BasinWilliston Basin
Richland County, MTRichland County, MTStratigraphyStratigraphy
NorthNorthSouthSouth
DevonianDevonianThree ForksThree Forks
Mississippian Lodgepole FormationMississippian Lodgepole Formation
Mis
siss
ipp
ian
M
issi
s sip
pia
n
Bak
ken
For
mat
ion
Bak
ke n
For
mat
ionUpper Shale MemberUpper Shale Member
Lower Shale MemberLower Shale Member
Transitional Facies – L7Transitional Facies – L7
Transitional Facies - L1Transitional Facies - L1
Lithofacies 2
Lithofacies 2
Upper (Productive)Upper (Productive)
LowerLower
Balcron Oil - #44-24 VairaBalcron Oil - #44-24 VairaSESE Sec. 24, T.24N., R.54E.SESE Sec. 24, T.24N., R.54E.
Neutron PorosityNeutron Porosity
DensityDensity PorosityPorosity
GRGR
Lodgepole Fm.Lodgepole Fm.
Three Forks Fm.Three Forks Fm.
Bakken
Fm
.B
akken
Fm
. upper
middle
10
00
0
10604.5 ft.10604.5 ft.
Bakken/Three ForksBakken/Three ForksContactContact
SESW Sec. 13, T.23N.,R.56E.SESW Sec. 13, T.23N.,R.56E.AHEL #1 H8 NevinsAHEL #1 H8 NevinsRichland County, MTRichland County, MT
Middle MemberMiddle MemberLithofacies 2Lithofacies 2
SESW Sec. 13, T.23N.,R.56E.SESW Sec. 13, T.23N.,R.56E.
AHEL #1 H8 NevinsAHEL #1 H8 Nevins
Richland County, MTRichland County, MT
Middle MemberMiddle MemberLithofacies 2Lithofacies 2
(producing facies)(producing facies)
SESW Sec. 13, T.23N.,R.56E.SESW Sec. 13, T.23N.,R.56E.
AHEL #1 H8 NevinsAHEL #1 H8 Nevins
Richland County, MTRichland County, MT
SESW Sec. 13, T.23N.,R.56E.SESW Sec. 13, T.23N.,R.56E.
AHEL #1 H8 NevinsAHEL #1 H8 Nevins
Richland County, MTRichland County, MT
Upper Shale/Middle MbrUpper Shale/Middle MbrContactContact
10582 ft10582 ft
- 7500- 7400- 7300- 7200- 7100- 7000- 6900- 6800- 6700- 6600- 6500- 6400- 6300- 6200- 6100- 6000- 5900- 5800- 5700
Con
tour
Int
erva
lC
onto
ur I
nter
val
ftft
MontanaMontana North DakotaNorth Dakota
BLCS Structure MapBLCS Structure Map
Formation LimitsFormation Limits
?
MontanaMontana North DakotaNorth Dakota
Bakken FormationBakken Formation
UpperUpper
MiddleMiddle
LowerLower
Prairie Salt EdgePrairie Salt Edge
ft
0102030405060708090100110120130140
Isopach of the Bakken FormationIsopach of the Bakken Formation
MontanMontanaa
North DakotaNorth Dakota
Con
tour
Int
erva
lC
onto
ur I
nter
val
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
Isopach of the Upper MemberIsopach of the Upper MemberBakken FormationBakken Formation
MontanaMontana North DakotaNorth Dakota
Con
tour
Int
erva
lC
onto
ur I
nter
val
ft
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
North DakotaNorth DakotaMontanaMontana
Isopach of the Middle MemberIsopach of the Middle MemberBakken FormationBakken Formation
Con
tour
Int
erva
lC
onto
ur I
nter
val
ft
0
2
4
6
8
10
12 %%
Con
tour
Int
erva
lC
onto
ur I
nter
val
McKenzie Co.
McKenzie Co.
Richland Co.
Richland Co.
Middle MemberMiddle MemberPorosity ZonePorosity Zone
Contour Interval: 2 ft.Contour Interval: 2 ft.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Bakken Middle MemberBakken Middle MemberPrairie SaltPrairie Salt
MontanaMontana North DakotaNorth Dakota
Prairie Salt Prairie Salt EdgeEdge
Con
tour
Int
erva
lC
onto
ur I
nter
val
ft
Prairie Salt Prairie Salt
Bakken Middle MemberBakken Middle MemberPrairie SaltPrairie Salt
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
MontanaMontana NorthNorth DakotaDakota
Con
tour
Int
erva
lC
onto
ur I
nter
val
ft
80 Producing Fields80 Producing Fields1. Red River Fm1. Red River Fm2. Madison Fm 2. Madison Fm 3. Bakken Fm3. Bakken Fm4. Duperow Fm4. Duperow Fm5. Interlake Fm5. Interlake Fm
20 Fields produce(d) from the 20 Fields produce(d) from the Bakken FormationBakken Formation
Richland CountyRichland County
08/2004
Bakken FormationBakken FormationRichland County, MTRichland County, MT
Historically –Historically – 42 Bakken wells + 8 commingled wells42 Bakken wells + 8 commingled wells
Currently –Currently – 127 Bakken Producers127 Bakken Producers
Horizontals – 92 producers, 1 PNA, 1 DryHorizontals – 92 producers, 1 PNA, 1 Dry
Total production Total production 2000 – 2,618,982 BO2000 – 2,618,982 BO 2003 – 5,284,378 BO2003 – 5,284,378 BO 2004 – 3,275,061 BO (thru August, 2004)2004 – 3,275,061 BO (thru August, 2004)
86 Producing Fields, 23 - Bakken Production86 Producing Fields, 23 - Bakken Production
08/2004
Drilling & CompletionDrilling & CompletionBakken HorizontalsBakken Horizontals
Two laterals to a 1280 spacing unit Two laterals to a 1280 spacing unit Well is stimulated with large fracture Well is stimulated with large fracture
treatment treatment (~920,000#, gelled water/sand frac)(~920,000#, gelled water/sand frac)
Cost $2.2 millionCost $2.2 million 500-700 BOPD initially500-700 BOPD initiallyVirtually no waterVirtually no water
Horizontal Drilling of the Horizontal Drilling of the Bakken Middle MemberBakken Middle Member
Richland County, MontanaRichland County, MontanaNorth DakotaNorth Dakota
Lithofacies 5 - SiltstoneLithofacies 5 - Siltstone
Lithofacies 4 – Interbedded Dark Grey ShaleLithofacies 4 – Interbedded Dark Grey Shale and Buff Silty Sandstone and Buff Silty Sandstone
Lithofacies 3 - SandstoneLithofacies 3 - Sandstone
Lithofacies 2 – Interbedded Dark Grey ShaleLithofacies 2 – Interbedded Dark Grey Shale and Buff Silty Sandstoneand Buff Silty Sandstone
Lithofacies 1 - SiltstoneLithofacies 1 - Siltstone
(From LeFever and others, 1991)Lower Shale
Upper Shale
Lithofacies of the Middle MemberLithofacies of the Middle Member
Productive in MTProductive in MT
ProductiveProductive
Lithofacies 3Lithofacies 3
Producing ZoneProducing Zone
SENW Sec. 11, T160N, R95W SENW Sec. 11, T160N, R95W Conoco, Inc. - #17 Watterud “A”Conoco, Inc. - #17 Watterud “A”
Upper L2 FaciesUpper L2 Facies
GRGR ResRes
Joilette Oil (USA), LLC.Joilette Oil (USA), LLC.#1-17R Robert Heuer#1-17R Robert Heuer
Sadler FieldSadler Field Re-entry of a Madison Test Re-entry of a Madison Test (02/13/1981)(02/13/1981)
Bakken Completion Bakken Completion 03/05/200403/05/2004 IP – 87 BOPD, 150 MCF, 142 BWPDIP – 87 BOPD, 150 MCF, 142 BWPDFracture StimulatedFracture Stimulated
Producing Zone – Lithofacies 3Producing Zone – Lithofacies 3
What Do We Know?What Do We Know?
Rocks Types (Montana=North Dakota)Rocks Types (Montana=North Dakota)Additional Productive SectionAdditional Productive Section
Lithofacies 3, “Sanish”, lower Lodgepole LimestoneLithofacies 3, “Sanish”, lower Lodgepole Limestone
Salt CollapseSalt Collapse Completion MethodsCompletion Methods High Production RatesHigh Production Rates
ConclusionsConclusions
Horizontal Drilling Horizontal Drilling
Middle Member = SuccessMiddle Member = Success