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Montana – North Dakota?Montana – North Dakota?Middle Member Bakken PlayMiddle Member Bakken Play
Julie A. LeFeverJulie A. LeFever
North Dakota Geological North Dakota Geological SurveySurvey
MTMT
WYWY
SDSD
NDND
MBMBSKSKABAB
Richland Co.
Richland Co.
McKenzie Co.
McKenzie Co.
MTMT NDND Study Study AreaArea
Williston Williston BasinBasin
Bakken FormationBakken Formation
• Geology Geology – StratigraphyStratigraphy– LithologyLithology– Depositional Depositional
Environments/HistoryEnvironments/History– AgeAge– Source Rock PotentialSource Rock Potential
StratigraphyStratigraphy
Three Forks Formation Three Forks Formation (Devonian)(Devonian)
• Conformable & UnconformableConformable & Unconformable• 250 ft thick250 ft thick• Shales, dolostones, siltstones, and Shales, dolostones, siltstones, and
sandstonessandstones• ““Sanish Sand” Sanish Sand”
• Sublittoral to supralittoralSublittoral to supralittoral
SESW Sec. 13, SESW Sec. 13, T.23N.,R.56E.T.23N.,R.56E.
AHEL #1 H8 NevinsAHEL #1 H8 Nevins
Three Forks Fm.Three Forks Fm.
10608 ft.10608 ft.
StratigraphyStratigraphy
Bakken FormationBakken Formation• NomenclatureNomenclature
– Defined in 1953Defined in 1953– Amerada Petroleum - #1 H.O. BakkenAmerada Petroleum - #1 H.O. Bakken– Restricted to the SubsurfaceRestricted to the Subsurface– 105 ft thick105 ft thick – upper and lower shaleupper and lower shale– middle limestone membermiddle limestone member
Isopach of the Isopach of the Bakken Bakken
FormationFormation
Distribution Distribution of the of the
Bakken ShaleBakken Shale
LithologyLithologyLower Shale MemberLower Shale Member
50 ft thick50 ft thickDark brown to black, fissile, non-Dark brown to black, fissile, non-
calcareous, organic-rich shalecalcareous, organic-rich shaleQuartz, pyrite Quartz, pyrite
fossils - conodonts, algal spores, fossils - conodonts, algal spores, brachiopods, fish teeth, bones, and brachiopods, fish teeth, bones, and scalesscales
Fractured with oil stainingFractured with oil staining
StratigraphyStratigraphyBakken FormationBakken Formation
Isopach of theIsopach of theLower Bakken Lower Bakken
ShaleShale
10604.5 ft.10604.5 ft.
SESW Sec. 13, SESW Sec. 13, T.23N.,R.56E.T.23N.,R.56E.
AHEL #1 H8 NevinsAHEL #1 H8 Nevins
Bakken/Three Forks
Contact
Middle MemberMiddle Member 85 ft thick85 ft thick 5 different lithofacies5 different lithofacies
Calcareous siltstone to sandstone, Calcareous siltstone to sandstone, dolostone, silty limestone, and oolitic dolostone, silty limestone, and oolitic limestonelimestone
Locally productiveLocally productive
StratigraphyStratigraphyBakken FormationBakken Formation
Isopach of theIsopach of theMiddle Bakken MemberMiddle Bakken Member
Lithofacies 5 - SiltstoneLithofacies 5 - Siltstone
Lithofacies 4 – Interbedded Dark Grey ShaleLithofacies 4 – Interbedded Dark Grey Shale and Buff Silty Sandstone and Buff Silty Sandstone
Lithofacies 3 - SandstoneLithofacies 3 - Sandstone
Lithofacies 2 – Interbedded Dark Grey ShaleLithofacies 2 – Interbedded Dark Grey Shale and Buff Silty Sandstoneand Buff Silty Sandstone
Lithofacies 1 - SiltstoneLithofacies 1 - Siltstone
(From LeFever and others, 1991)Lower Shale
Upper Shale
Lithofacies of the Middle Lithofacies of the Middle MemberMember
ProductiveProductive
ProductiveProductive
Middle MemberMiddle MemberLithofacies 2Lithofacies 2
SESW Sec. 13, SESW Sec. 13, T.23N.,R.56E.T.23N.,R.56E.
AHEL #1 H8 NevinsAHEL #1 H8 Nevins
SESW Sec. 13, SESW Sec. 13, T.23N.,R.56E.T.23N.,R.56E.
AHEL #1 H8 NevinsAHEL #1 H8 Nevins
Middle MemberMiddle MemberLithofacies 2Lithofacies 2
10585 ft.10585 ft.
Upper Shale/Middle Upper Shale/Middle MbrMbr
ContactContact
SESW Sec. 13, SESW Sec. 13, T.23N.,R.56E.T.23N.,R.56E.
AHEL #1 H8 NevinsAHEL #1 H8 Nevins
1058210582 ftft
Upper MemberUpper Member Maximum extent of the BakkenMaximum extent of the Bakken 23 ft thick23 ft thick Conformable and UnconformableConformable and Unconformable Laminated to massive with poorly Laminated to massive with poorly
sorted beds of silt-sized materialsorted beds of silt-sized material Lag sandstoneLag sandstone
StratigraphyStratigraphyBakken FormationBakken Formation
Isopach of theIsopach of theUpper Bakken ShaleUpper Bakken Shale
10580 ft.10580 ft.
SESW Sec. 13, SESW Sec. 13, T.23N.,R.56E.T.23N.,R.56E.
AHEL #1 H8 NevinsAHEL #1 H8 Nevins
Bakken FormationBakken FormationUpper Shale MemberUpper Shale Member
• Lodgepole FormationLodgepole Formation– ConformableConformable– 900 ft thick900 ft thick– ““False Bakken”; Pelmatozoan LimestoneFalse Bakken”; Pelmatozoan Limestone– 5 major lithofacies representing a marine 5 major lithofacies representing a marine
transgressiontransgression
StratigraphyStratigraphy
“False Bakken”
SESW Sec. 13, SESW Sec. 13, T.23N.,R.56E.T.23N.,R.56E.
AHEL #1 H8 NevinsAHEL #1 H8 Nevins
10562 ft.10562 ft.
Lodgepole Fm.Lodgepole Fm.False BakkenFalse Bakken
10564 10564 ft.ft.
Lodgepole Fm.Lodgepole Fm.Pelmatozoan LimestonePelmatozoan Limestone
SESW Sec. 13, SESW Sec. 13, T.23N.,R.56E.T.23N.,R.56E.
AHEL #1 H8 NevinsAHEL #1 H8 Nevins
Bakken FormationBakken Formation
• Depositional Environments/AgeDepositional Environments/Age– Stratified water column offshore, marine Stratified water column offshore, marine
environmentenvironment– Bakken ShalesBakken Shales
• Anoxic bottom conditionsAnoxic bottom conditions– Middle MemberMiddle Member
• Aerobic marine to marginal marine Aerobic marine to marginal marine conditionsconditions
– Devonian/MississippianDevonian/Mississippian
Depositional HistoryDepositional History
• Three Forks FormationThree Forks Formation– Shallow marine to terrestrial sedimentationShallow marine to terrestrial sedimentation
• Bakken FormationBakken Formation– TransgressionTransgression
• Shales – anoxic conditionsShales – anoxic conditions• Middle Member – normal, shallow marineMiddle Member – normal, shallow marine• Non-deposition/erosionNon-deposition/erosion
• Lodgepole FormationLodgepole Formation– Normal marine conditionsNormal marine conditions
Source Rock Source Rock PotentialPotential
• Total Organic Content – 0 to 40%Total Organic Content – 0 to 40%– Decrease towards depositional edgeDecrease towards depositional edge
• Kerogen Kerogen – 70-90% amorphous70-90% amorphous– 0-20% herbaceous0-20% herbaceous– 30% coaly30% coaly– 5% woody5% woody
• Formed in subaquatic oxygen-Formed in subaquatic oxygen-restricted environmentrestricted environment
Source Rock PotentialSource Rock Potential
• Hydrocarbon GenerationHydrocarbon Generation– Depth of 9000 ftDepth of 9000 ft– 100100oo C C
• Volume of Oil GeneratedVolume of Oil Generated– Up to 413 billion barrels (ND & MT)Up to 413 billion barrels (ND & MT)
Immature
Onset of Generation
IntenseGeneration
Source Rock Maturity ZonesSource Rock Maturity Zones
80 Producing Fields80 Producing Fields1.1. Red River FmRed River Fm2. Madison Fm 2. Madison Fm 3. Bakken Fm3. Bakken Fm4. Duperow Fm4. Duperow Fm5. Interlake Fm5. Interlake Fm
20 Fields produce(d) from the 20 Fields produce(d) from the Bakken FormationBakken Formation
Richland CountyRichland County
Bakken FormationBakken FormationRichand County, MTRichand County, MT
• HistoricallyHistorically – – 46 wells have produced from the 46 wells have produced from the BakkenBakken + a few commingled wells + a few commingled wells
• CurrentlyCurrently – – 31 wells reported production in 2000 31 wells reported production in 2000 Total production for 2000 = 145,323 Total production for 2000 = 145,323 bbls oilbbls oil
Richland Richland CountyCounty
1.1. 555 Wells Examined in555 Wells Examined inRichland CountyRichland County
2.2. Data Included:Data Included:1.1. Last Charles SaltLast Charles Salt2.2. Lower LodgepoleLower Lodgepole3.3. Bakken FormationBakken Formation4.4. Porosity zonePorosity zone5.5. Three Forks FormationThree Forks Formation6.6. Devonian Prairie SaltDevonian Prairie Salt
3.3. Combined with ExistingCombined with Existing ND DataND Data
Extent of DataExtent of Data
- 7500- 7400- 7300- 7200- 7100- 7000- 6900- 6800- 6700- 6600- 6500- 6400- 6300- 6200- 6100- 6000- 5900- 5800- 5700
Conto
ur
Inte
rval
ft
MontanaMontana North DakotaNorth Dakota
BLCS Structure MapBLCS Structure Map
?
Formation LimitsFormation Limits
MontanMontanaa
North DakotaNorth Dakota
Bakken FormationBakken Formation
UpperUpper
MiddleMiddle
LowerLower
Prairie Salt EdgePrairie Salt Edge
ft
0102030405060708090100110120130140
Isopach of the Bakken Isopach of the Bakken FormationFormation
MontanMontanaa
North DakotaNorth Dakota
Conto
ur
Inte
rval
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Isopach of the Lower MemberIsopach of the Lower MemberBakken FormationBakken Formation
Conto
ur
Inte
rval
ft
MontanMontanaa
North DakotaNorth Dakota
Bakken LimitBakken Limit
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
Isopach of the Upper MemberIsopach of the Upper MemberBakken FormationBakken Formation
MontanMontanaa
North DakotaNorth Dakota
Conto
ur
Inte
rval
ft
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
North DakotaNorth DakotaMontanaMontana
Isopach of the Middle MemberIsopach of the Middle MemberBakken FormationBakken Formation
Conto
ur
Inte
rval
ft
Balcron Oil - #44-24 VairaBalcron Oil - #44-24 VairaSESE Sec. 24, T.24N., R.54E.SESE Sec. 24, T.24N., R.54E.
Neutron PorosityNeutron Porosity
DensityDensity PorosityPorosity
GRGR
Lodgepole Fm.Lodgepole Fm.
Three Forks Fm.Three Forks Fm.
Bakken
Fm
.B
akken
Fm
. upper
middle
10
00
0
Bakken Middle MemberBakken Middle MemberPorosity ZonePorosity Zone
MontanaMontana NorthNorth DakotaDakota
Porosity Zone Porosity Zone ContoursContours
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Conto
ur
Inte
rval
ft
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Bakken Middle MemberBakken Middle MemberPrairie SaltPrairie Salt
MontanMontanaa
North DakotaNorth Dakota
Prairie SaltPrairie Salt EdgeEdge
Conto
ur
Inte
rval
ft
PrairiePrairie SaltSalt
Bakken Middle MemberBakken Middle MemberPrairie SaltPrairie Salt
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
MontanaMontana NorthNorth DakotaDakota
Conto
ur
Inte
rval
ft
0
2
4
6
8
10
12 %
Conto
ur
Inte
rval
McKenzie
Co.Richland Co.
Middle MemberMiddle MemberPorosity ZonePorosity Zone
Contour Interval: 2 ft.Contour Interval: 2 ft.
0
4
8
12
16
20
Bakken Middle MemberBakken Middle MemberSandstone UnitSandstone Unit
Conto
ur
Inte
rval
ft
MontanMontanaa
North DakotaNorth Dakota
McKenzie
Co.
Richland Co.
1060010600
Bakken
Fm
.B
akken
Fm
.
MiddleMiddleMbrMbr
UpperUpperShaleShale
GR Density Porosity
Neutron Porosity
Shell Oil Company - #12-6-44 Shell Oil Company - #12-6-44 U.S.A.U.S.A.
SENWNW Sec. 6-T.148N.-R.104WSENWNW Sec. 6-T.148N.-R.104W..
Three Forks Fm.Three Forks Fm.
Lodgepole Fm.Lodgepole Fm.
Can the Bakken Play Can the Bakken Play Extend into North Dakota?Extend into North Dakota?
YES!YES!
• Production from the same intervalProduction from the same interval
• Mappable log characterisitics from MT Mappable log characterisitics from MT into NDinto ND
• Prominent trends illustrated on Bakken Prominent trends illustrated on Bakken mapsmaps
• Other intervals within the middle member Other intervals within the middle member that that have similar potentialshave similar potentials